Unit 2 Looking into the Future 单元知识总复习检测-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

XB1U2知识总复习 I. 单词 1. 短语;词组n. 32. 犯罪活动;不法行为n. 2. 劝说;说服vt. 33. (使)结合:混合vt.&vi. 3. 转换;交换vt. 34. 人工的;人造的:假的adj. 4. 遥远的;疏远的; 心不在焉的adj. 35. 预测;预言;预料vi. 5. 安全的;可靠的;牢固的adj.  36. 预测;预言n. 6. 远程的;偏远的adj. 37. 预测;预报vt. &n. 7. 自动的adj. 38. 职业;占领n. 8. (使)合并; 成为一体vi.&vt. 39. 反对;抵制;阻挠vt. 9. 传感器;敏感元件n. 40. (使)停止;终止vi.& vt. 10. 效率高的;有功效的adj. 41. 不存在;缺乏;缺席n. 11. 模式;方式;风格n. 42. 提倡:支持;拥护vt. 提倡者n. 12. 常规n. 常规的;日常的adj. 43. 强调;重视;重要性n. 13. 爱好;偏爱n. 44. 职业;事业n. 14. 瞬间n. 立即的;速食的adj. 45. 可能性;前景n. 15. 指令;命令;控制n. 命令;控制v. 46. 抵制;反抗;抵挡vi. & vt. 16. 服从;遵守vi. &vt. 47. 抵制;反对;抗拒n. 17. 警告;警示;先兆n. 48. 精确的;准确的adj. 18. 不断的;重复的adj.  常数n. 49. knob 19. 不正常的;反常的adj. 50. appliance 20. 严重的:关键的;批判性的adj. 51. wiring 21. 潜在地;可能地adv. 52. fantasy 22. 可能的;潜在的adj. 潜力n. 53. nevertheless 23. 渗漏;透露v. 漏洞;裂缝;透露n. 54. nanobot 24. 电的;用电的adj. 55. clone 25. 电线;金属丝n.  ....连接到v. 56. hence 26. 发现;查明vt. 57. deceased 27. 有关的;有意义的adj. 58. rural 28. 创新;创造n. 59. luxury 29. 可获得的; (人)有空的adj. 60. paragraph 30. 结构;体系n. 系统安排vt. 61. signpost 31. 保护措施;安全工作n. 62. essay II. 短语/词块 1. 说服某人做某事 2. 把A 和B 结合 3. 在不远的将来 4. 做出预测 5. 稳定的工作 6. 天气预报 7. 一个高效率的工人 8. 反对做某事 9. 偏爱 10. 在某人不在的时候 11. 立刻 12. 强调…… 13. 一……就…… 14. 关/开（电灯、机器等） 15. 向……发出警告 16. 日常生活 17. 持续跟踪 18. 空调机 19. 潜在的危险 20. 遥控器 21. 与……相关 22. 从这种意义上来讲 23. 可获得 24. 人工智能 25. 建筑的结构 26. （与……）保持联系 27. 在初期；早先 III. 单词变形 1. persuade vt.劝说；说服→___________n.劝说；说服→___________adj.有说服力的；令人信服的 2. distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→___________n.距离 3. secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt.获得；拴牢；保护→___________n.安全工作；保护措施 4. automatic adj.自动的→___________adv.自动地；机械地；无意识地 5. integrate vi.& vt.(使)合并；成为一体→___________adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的 6. efficient adj.效率高的；有功效的→___________adv.有效地；效率高地→___________n.效率 7. prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿→___________n.爱好；偏爱 8. instant n.瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的→___________adv.即刻地；马上地 9. warn vt.警告；提醒注意→___________n.警告；警示；先兆 10. constant adj.不断的；重复的；不变的 n.常数；常量→___________adv.经常地；不断地 11. criticize v.批评→___________adj.严重的；关键的；批判性的→___________n.批评；责备→___________n.批评家；评论家 12. potential adj.潜在的；可能的 n.潜力；可能性→___________adv.潜在地；可能地 13. electricity n.电；电能→___________adj.电的；用电的→___________adj.电动的；发电的 14. wire n.电线；金属丝(或线)vt.接通电源；将……连接到→___________n.电线线路；线路系统 15. detect vt.发现；查明→___________n.探测器；检测器；发现者→___________adj.侦探的；侦察的n.侦探 16. innovate vi.创新；革新→___________n.创新；创造 17. combine vt.& vi.(使)结合；混合→___________n.合并；结合；联合 18. predict vt. 预测；预言；预料→___________n. 预测；预言 19. occupy vt.占；占有；占领→___________n.职业；占领 20. oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠→___________adj.反对的；对立的 21. absent adj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的→___________n.不存在；缺乏；缺席 22. emphasize vt.强调→___________n.强调；重视；重要性 23. resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡→___________n. 抵制；反对；抗拒→___________adj.有抵抗力的；反抗的 24. accurate adj.精确的；准确的→___________n.准确性 IV. 单句填空 1. I allowed myself ________________ into entering the competition. 我搁不住人家的劝说，就参加了比赛。 2. The mountains rolled away to a ________horizon. 群山向远处的地平线绵延而去。 3. At last they were able to feel _________about the future. 他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。 4. These programs will _________with your existing software. 这些程序会和你原有的软件整合起来。 5. As we get older, our bodies become less _________at burning up calories. 随着一天天衰老，我们的身体消耗热量的功能逐渐减弱。 6. Many people expressed a strong _________for the original plan. 许多人表示尤为喜欢原计划。 7. She took an _________dislike to me. 她立刻就讨厌我。 8. I recognized her ___________ (that) (= as soon as) I saw her. 我一眼就认出她了。 9. I'm __________________ — what would you like me to do? 我听从您的吩咐，您要我做什么？ 10. She suggests that women are under _________pressure to be abnormally thin... 她暗示说女性总是处在保持身材异常瘦削的压力之下。 11. Tom's parents were highly _________of the school. 汤姆的父母对学校提出了强烈的批评。 12. Arnold could _________ a certain sadness in the old man's face. 阿诺德能觉察到老人脸上的一丝悲伤。 13. These comments are not directly _________to this inquiry. 这些意见与这项调查没有直接联系。 14. Tickets are _________free of charge from the school. 学校有免费票。 15. They carried out _________ at the airport. 他们在机场实行了安全检查。 16. Hydrogen and oxygen _________to form water. 氢与氧化合成水。 17. Please state your name, age and _________below. 请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。 18. This party would bitterly _________the re-introduction of the death penalty. 这个党会强烈反对恢复死刑。 19. The decision was made _________________ (= while I was not there). 这个决定是我不在的时候作出的。 20. Many experts _________rewarding your child for good behaviour. 很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。 21. We provide all types of information, with an _________on legal advice. 我们提供各种信息服务，尤其是法律咨询。 22. At 25 he was an unemployed musician with no _________. 25 岁的他是个没有工作、前途渺茫的乐师。 23. The bank strongly _________cutting interest rates. 银行强烈反对降低利率。 24. The article _________reflects public opinion. 文章如实反映了公众的意见。 V. 大课文填空 SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house? Or, have you ever forgotten to 1.___________(关闭) the TV or computer? These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead to problems. However, 2._____________________(在不远的未来), we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in. Intelligent Controls Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and 3.____________(遥控) for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, we will be using 4._________________(先进的技术) every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. The future home will use integrated sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into 5._________________(节能模式) all by itself. You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on 6._______________(一……就……) you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. All controls will 7.______________________(对语音指令做出反应), so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey. Regular Health Checks In addition, your smart home will be 8.___________________(监测你的健康) for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record how well you sleep every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be 9._____________________(持续追踪) your health as well. They can warn you 10.___________(初期) if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life. No More Disasters Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. For example, if a water pipe starts leaking, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or 11.___________(着火). This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already 12.___________(可获得的) and being used in some homes. In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today. Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology. 佳句背诵 1. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.这些智能住宅将使我们安全，节省能源，并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。 2. The future home will use integrated sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into an energy-efficient mode all by itself. 未来的家庭将使用集成的传感器来告诉你每天早上什么时候离开家，然后自己进入节能模式。 3. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes.许多这样的新发明已经可以使用并且正在一些家庭中使用。 4. Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而，要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。 VI. 话题语篇泛读 Advanced technology：Digital twins are fast becoming part of everyday life When visiting a doctor a few years from now, you can expect to be accompanied by a virtual version of yourself. This so-called digital twin will be a working model of your body that can be summoned onto a physician’s computer screen. Updated with your latest vital signs, it will help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis. It also opens the door for medicines and procedures designed specifically for you, greatly increasing recovery rates. This might seem like fantasy, but the foundations are being laid. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London already use computer simulations of the hearts of individual patients to evaluate different treatments for atrial fibrillation, a common disorder. It would be far too risky to experiment this way on someone’s real heart. With other organs also being twinned by scientists, it seems likely they will eventually link up to form a virtual body. As our Science & technology section reports, digital twins are starting to pop up everywhere. Among other things, they monitor the health of jet engines on airliners, keep track of Uber’s network of vehicles and replicate Amazon’s extensive supply chain well enough for the online retailer to accurately forecast sales several years ahead. They are helping local authorities respond to the effects of flooding and letting carmakers shave years off the development of new models by simulating test drives and crashes. Twins are also being developed to help manage factories, companies and entire cities. All this is being turbo-charged by recent progress in artificial intelligence(AI), which gives twins the ability to make predictions about their physical counterparts, and fine-tune themselves on new data. Digital twins began as basic computer models of physical objects and systems. As computers have become more powerful, twins have become more sophisticated. Complex design and modelling software means many physical objects initially take shape in the virtual world. Small sensors, capable of measuring all sorts of things, feed twins with real-time data, ensuring that they mirror their physical counterparts. A Formula 1 racing car, for instance, may have morethan 250 sensors updating its digital twin during a grand prix. The use of AI takes all this much further, allowing virtual models to become more sophisticated, and to both simulate and optimise activities in the real world. You may worry that this portends a dystopian future; Morpheus, a character in a science-fiction film from 1999 in which a sentient machine subdues humanity through pervasive virtual reality, had a name for it. As he said: “The Matrix is everywhere. It is all around us.” Today’s digital twins extend this process, making it easier for humans to tackle complex problems. They can act as virtual crystal balls, allowing people to peer into the future, spot problems before they materialise and test wild ideas without real-world consequences. For businesses, this should mean better designs, more streamlined operations and fewer costly blunders. For society, the promise is equally tantalizing: personalised health care, cities that flow and breathe more easily and, thanks to the threats exposed by climate modelling, clues as to how the planet might avoid environmental catastrophe. Digital twins offer the ultimate sandbox in which castles can be built and tested before being made real. Could these virtual doppelgangers go rogue? They might if they are programmed badly, or hacked into. Avoidable medical conditions could be ignored, corporate systems sent awry and critical power plants compromised. Digital twins will gobble up mountains of data, some of it wrong, some of it prejudiced and much of it raising concerns about privacy and surveillance. There is also the danger of tunnel vision as humans rely more and more on digital twins—and miss things that sensors might not be able to capture. Yet these risks are not specific to digital twins. They apply to all emerging technologies, as they always have and always will. Such concerns need to be considered, as in the current debate over the use of AI. The emergence of the digital mirror world will doubtless raise new questions, but its potential advantages are already plain to see. 几年后，当你去医院看病时，可能会有一个虚拟版的你陪伴左右。这便是所谓的“数字挛生”，它就像是你身体的一个动态模型，直观地展现在医生的电脑屏幕上。此模型将实时更新你的最新生命体征数据，为医生提供精准的诊断依据。不仅如此，它还可能为个性化定制的药物方案与手术流程铺平道路，极大提升康复率。 这听起来或许还带有几分科幻色彩，但其基石正在稳步构筑之中。伦敦玛丽皇后大学的科研人员已率先利用个体患者心脏的计算机仿真模型，来评估房颤（一种常见疾病）的多种治疗方案。毕竟，在真实的心脏上进行此类实验风险极高。随着科学家们逐步对其他器官进行“数字孪生”构建，未来这些孪生体或将融合成一个完整的虚拟人体。 正如我们科技栏目所报道的那样，数字孪生技术正以前所未有的态势渗透到各个领域。它们不仅承载着多元功能，还紧密监测着客机喷气发动机的运行健康，精准追踪优步车辆网络的动态，乃至复刻亚马逊庞大的供应链体系，赋能这家在线零售巨头精准预测未来数年的销售趋势。同时，数字孪生技术也在助力地方政府有效应对洪水挑战，通过模拟试驾与碰撞测试，帮助汽车制造商缩短新车型的研发周期。从工厂管理到企业运营，乃至整个城市的智慧化管理，数字孪生均展现出强大的赋能能力。这一切的飞跃，都得益于人工智能（AI）技术的最新突破，它们赋予了数字孪生预测物理实体状态、并依据最新数据实现自我优化的能力。 数字孪生起初仅为物理对象及系统的基本计算机复刻，但随着计算机性能的飞跃，数字孪生体也日益复杂精细。复杂的设计与建模软件使得众多物理对象在虚拟世界中率先诞生。微型传感器能够精准捕捉各种数据，为数字孪生提供实时数据，确保其精准映射物理实体的状态。以一级方程式赛车为例，在大奖赛期间，赛车周身可能密布着超过250个传感器，实时更新其数字孪生的每一个细节。 人工智能的广泛应用极大地推动了数字孪生技术的发展，不仅让虚拟模型的设计更加复杂，还赋予了它们在现实环境中模拟与优化各类活动的能力。这不禁让人心生忧虑，担心这会否预示着一个反乌托邦式未来的到来。1999年一部科幻电影中，角色莫菲斯（Morpheus）曾描绘了一个有意识机器通过无所不在的虚拟现实掌控人类的场景，并赋予这一现象以独特的称谓。正如他所说：“矩阵无处不在，它渗透于我们生活的每一个角落。” 今天的数字孪生技术发展又进了一步，使人类解决复杂问题时更得心应手。它们犹如虚拟的预知水晶球，让人们能够洞悉未来，提前捕捉潜在问题，并测试那些不会产生现实后果的大胆想法。对于企业而言，这预示着设计创新的飞跃、运营流程的优化以及成本高昂错误的减少。同样，对于社会而言，这一前景也极具吸引力：个性化的医疗、更顺畅的城市生活，并且依据气候模型暴露的威胁，我们得以掌握更多关于地球如何避免环境灾难的线索。数字孪生构建了一个终极的“沙盒”世界，让人们在其变为现实之前尽情构想并测试自己的“城堡”。 这些虚拟的“分身”会失控吗？如果遭遇编程错误或黑客入侵，这样的风险确实存在。它们可能导致本可避免的医疗状况被忽视，企业系统陷入混乱，甚至关键发电厂的安全也岌岌可危。数字孪生技术海量吞噬数据的同时，也夹杂了错误、偏见的信息，而且很多都会引发广泛的对隐私泄露与监控过度的忧虑。此外，随着人类对数字孪生日益增长的依赖，我们可能陷入“隧道视野”的陷阱，忽视了传感器覆盖范围之外的重要信息。然而，这些风险并非数字孪生技术所独有，而是新兴技术普遍面临的挑战，历史如此，未来亦然。正如当前关于人工智能的使用的辩论一样，我们必须考虑这些潜在问题。数字镜像世界的崛起，固然带来了新的问题，但其蕴含的巨大价值同样不容忽视。 答案 I. 单词 1. 2. phrase 3. persuade 4. switch 5. distant 6. secure  7. remote 8. automatic 9. integrate 10. sensor 11. efficient 12. mode 13. routine 14. preference 15. instant 16. command 17. obey 18. warning 19. constant 20. abnormal 21. critical 22. potentially 23. potential 24. leak 25. electrical 26. wire 27. detect 28. relevant 29. innovation 30. available 31. structure 32. security 33. crime 34. combine 35. artificial 36. predict 37. prediction 38. forecast 39. occupation 40. oppose 41. cease 42. absence 43. advocate 44. emphasis 45. career 46. prospect 47. resist 48. resistance 49. accurate 50. 旋钮;球形把手 51. 电器;器具 52. 电线线路 53. 幻想;想象 54. 尽管如此;不过 55. 纳米机器人 56. 克隆 57. 因此;由此 58. 已死的;亡故的 59. 乡村的;农村的 60. 奢华 61. 段;段落 62. 路标 63. 文章 II. III. 短语 1. 2. persuade sb. to do 3. combine A with B 4. in the not-to-distant future 5. make a prediction 6. secure jobs 7. the weather forecast 8. an efficient worker 9. oppose doing sth. 10. have a preference for 11. in the absence of sb. 12. in an instant 13. put emphasis on sth. 14. the instant 15. switch on/off 16. send/give a warning to 17. daily routine 18. keep constant track of 19. air conditioner 20. potential dangers 21. remote control 22. be relevant to 23. in this sense 24. be available to 25. artificial intelligence 26. the structure of the building 27. keep in touch with 28. early on III. IV. 单词变形 1. 2. persuasion; persuasive  3. distance  4. security  5. automatically  6. integrated  7. efficiently efficiency  8. preference  9. instantly  10. warning  11. constantly  12. critical criticism critic  13. potentially  14. electrical electric  15. wiring  16. detector detective  17. innovation  18. combination  19. prediction  20. occupation  21. opposed  22. absence  23. emphasis  24. resistance resistant  25. accuracy V. 单句填空 1. 2. to be persuaded 3. distant 4. secure 5. integrate 6. efficient 7. preference 8. instant 9. the instant 10. at your command 11. constant 12. critical 13. detect 14. relevant 15. available 16. security checks 17. combine 18. occupation 19. oppose 20. in my absence 21. advocate 22. emphasis 23. prospects 24. resisted 25. accurately VI. 大课文填空 1. 2. switch off 3. in the not-too-distant future 4. remote controls 5. advanced technology 6. an energy-efficient mode 7. the instant 8. respond to voice commands 9. monitoring your health 10. keeping constant track of 11. early on 12. catches fire 13. available 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$