Unit 1 People of Achievement 单元知识总复习检测-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

XB1U1知识总复习 I. 单词 1. 至关重要的:关键性的adj.  32. 理论;学说n. 2. 必不可少的;极其重要的adj. 33. 相对论:相对性n. 3. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的adj. 34. 公式;方程式;配方n. 4. 承诺;保证(某个人、机构等) v. 35. 天才;天资;天赋n. 5. 学业的;学术的adj. 36. 温柔的;文静的adj. 6. 目标;目的n. 37. 专利;专利证书;获得专利n. 7. 评价;评估vt. 38. 酷爱;澈情n. 8. 性质;特征;财产n. 39. 博士学位n. 9. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的adj. 40. 不一般的;非凡的adj. 10. 提取物;摘录n. 41. 逐渐地;逐步地adv. 11. (使)沸腾;煮开;烧开vt. &vi. 42. 社会公共机构;制度;习俗n. 12. 液体n.  43. (教育等)机构;机构建筑n. 13. (尤指经努力)获得;贏得vt. 44. 结果;后果n. 14. 承认(属实、权威等);感谢vt. 45. 偶然碰到;遇到vt. 15. 失败;挫败n. 46. 教授n. 16. 分析vt.  47. 哀悼;忧伤vt. &. vi. 17. 显而易见;看来;显然adv. 48. 非凡的;显著的adj. 18. 物质;物品:事实根据n. 49. 方法;技巧;装置;仪器n. 19. 坚持;坚决要求vi. & vt. 50. 总结;概括vi. 20. 科学(上)的;关于科学的adj. 51. 草稿;草案n. 21. 主要地;一般地adv. 52. physiology 22. 结论;推论n. 53. artemisinin 23. 迅速离开;逃跑vi. & vt. 54. malaria 24. 条件;环境;状况n. 55. academy 25. 小说家n. 56. botanical 26. 流;流动;流畅;供应v. 57. wormwood 27. 图表n. 58. penicillin 28. 创建;建立;把...建立在vt. 59. photoelectric 29. 推断;推定vt. 60. moustache 30. 从政者;政治家;政客n. 61. peculiarity 31. 众多的;许多的adj. II. 短语/词块 1. 对……至关重要的 17. 在这种情况下，既然如此 2. 致力于…… 18. 无论如何都不，绝不 3. 目的是…… 19. 从……中推断 4. 产权 20. 酷爱，喜爱 5. 与……不同 21. 殷切希望做某事 6. 获得知识 22. 遭遇敌人 7. 承认……是…… 23. 近距离接触，险路 8. 被认为是…… 24. 一大笔钱/少量的钱 9. 普遍认为…… 25. 一……就…… 10. 遭受失败 26. ……对某人来说是一种荣誉 11. 打败敌人 27. 某人突然想到…… 12. 总之，归根结底 28. (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗 13. 从……中推断出来 29. 流程图 14. 得出结论 30. (开始)掌权;上台 15. 总之，最后 31. 担任;任职 16. 坚称某事，坚决要求做某事 32. 总结;概括 III. 单词变形 1. committed adj.坚定的，坚信的→___________ vt.承诺，保证；vi.忠于，全心全意投入（工作、活动等）→___________n.投入，承诺 2. conclusion n.结论，推论→___________v.下结论，得出结论 3. acknowledge vt.承认（属实、权威等），公开（感谢）→___________n.承认（属实、权威等），公开（感谢）→___________adj.公认的 4. gentle adj.温柔的，文静的→___________adv.温柔地，温和地 5. boil v.沸腾，煮开；n.沸腾，沸点→___________adj.煮开的→___________adj.沸腾的 6. remarkable adj.非凡的，显著的→___________adv.惊人地→___________v.&n. 谈论，评论 7. consequence n.结果，后果→___________adj.随之发生的，作为结果的→___________adv.结果，因此 8. evaluate vt.评价，评估→___________n.评论，评估 9. analyse vt.分析→___________n.分析（pl. analyses）→___________n.分析师，分析家 10. scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的→___________adv. 合乎科学地→___________n.科学→___________n.科学家 11. theory n.理论，学说→___________adj.理论上的 12. novelist n.小说家→___________n.小说 13. politician n.从政者，政客→___________n.政治→___________adj.与政治有关的 14. relativity n.相对论，相对性→___________adj.相对的；n.亲戚 15. passion n.酷爱，激情→___________adj.热情的，狂热的→___________adj.不热情的 16. academy n.（艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院，学会，专科院校→___________adj.学业的，学术的 17. botanical adj.植物学的→___________n.植物学 18. objective n.目标，目的；adj.客观的→___________n.物体；v.反对     19. distinct adj.清晰的，有区别的→___________adj.独特的，有特色的→___________n.清楚，清晰 20. professor n.教授→___________n.专业，职业→___________adj.专业的；n.专业人员 IV. 单句填空 1. Parents play a ________(至关重要的) role in preparing their child for school. 2. He has clearly ______________(承诺)his government to continuing down the path of economic reform. 3. The main ________(目标)of this meeting is to give more information on our plans. 4. Our research attempts to ________(评估)the effectiveness of the different drugs. 5. The results of the survey fell into two ________(截然不同的)groups. 6. I finally managed to ________(获得)a copy of the report. 7. It is generally ___________(承认)to be true. 8. The job involves gathering and ________(分析)data. 9. I didn't really want to go but he ________(坚持). 10. I've come to the ___________(结论)that he's not the right person for the job. 11. Much of the meaning must be ________(推断)from the context. 12. The English have a ________(热情；酷爱)for gardens. 13. This decision could have serious _____________(后果)for the industry. 14. We ______________(遇见)a number of difficulties in the first week. 15. The area is _____________(引人注目的)for its scenery. V. 大课文填空 TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 1. ________________(被授予) to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, 2. _______________________(一种重要的疟疾新型治疗方法). Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become 3. ______________(一个重要的部分) of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.   Tu Youyou, 4. __________________(一名甘于奉献、有耐心的科学家), was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists 5.____________________(有着……的目标) discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their 6.________________(医学特性). From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that 7.___________________(展现出前景) in the fight against malaria.   One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project 8.______________(陷入僵局). However, Tu Youyou would not 9.__________________(承认失败). She analysed the medical texts again, and 10._____________(偶然地), she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even 11._____________(坚持做某事) testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became 12.________________________(治疗疟疾的标准方法).   According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me，and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”  佳句背诵 1. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. 在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。 2. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者都康复了。 3. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said，“The honour is not just mine.” 听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。” 4. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 对中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界来说，这的的确确是一种荣誉。 5. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. 他留着浓密的胡须和长长的白发，有时白发挺立，就好像刚遭了电击。 VI. 话题语篇泛读 亚洲首位女性诺奖作家韩江 The record books: Han Kang wins the Nobel prize in literature for 2024 Han kang has been called "Korea's Kafka". Rather than giant bugs, her metamorphoses involve vegetation. "The Fruit of My Woman", a short story, imagines a wife becoming a (withered) houseplant. "The Vegetarian", a prizewinning novel, depicts a woman consumed by her desire to sprout roots and become a tree. On October 10th Ms Han became the first writer from South Korea to win the Nobel prize in literature, a plaudit which comes with a bonus of SKr 11m ($1m). The Swedish Academy praised her slim, surreal books for their "intense poetic prose", which confronts both "historical traumas" and "the fragility of human life". She chronicles cruelty, particularly against women, with a literary style that is both poetic and painful. Ms Han was born in 1970 in the south-western city of Gwangju. Her father was a novelist. She quickly followed in his footsteps: in the 1990s, she published poems and short stories and soon became a literary star. Praise at home prompted interest in her work abroad. In 2015 "The Vegetarian" was translated into English by Deborah Smith, a British scholar. Anglophone readers were gripped by the tale, which follows Yeong-hye, a housewife who stops eating meat. A domestic quarrel over her decision twists into a dark, erotic tale of desire and rebellion. The novel claimed the International Booker prize in 2016. "Human Acts" was her second novel to appear in English. (Her work has now appeared in more than 30 languages.) Here her focus was on the machinations of the state: it tells the real story of a massacre in Gwangju in 1980 of students protesting against South Korea's final military coup before it became a proper democracy. "I put a lot of emphasis on the senses," Ms Han has said of her fiction, loading "sensations into my sentences like an electric current". Instead of listing the hundreds of victims of the Gwangju massacre, she simulates the sights and smells of the bodies left to "soften in the sun". The chair of the Nobel committee, Anders Olsson, noted her "unique awareness of the connections between body and soul". Ms Han's Nobel win is another jewel in South Korea's cultural crown. In recent years the country has claimed an Academy Award for Best Picture (for "Parasite"), created Netflix's biggest hit (with "Squid Game") and produced the world's best-selling band (BTS topped global charts in 2021 and 2022). The Korean wave—as the boom in interest in the country's popular culture is called—has just gained more momentum. 韩江被誉为“韩国的卡夫卡”。她笔下的变形不是巨型虫子，而是植物。短篇故事《植物妻子》（The Fruit of My Woman）虚构了一个妻子变成了一株（枯萎的）盆栽。获奖小说《素食者》（The Vegetarian）的女主人公则渴望生根发芽并成为一棵树。 10月10日，韩江成为首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的韩国作家，同时她还会获得1100万瑞典克朗（约合100万美元）。瑞典文学院称赞她简短且超现实的作品用“强烈的诗意散文”直面“历史创伤”和“人类生命的脆弱”。她用诗意且伤痛的文学风格记录残暴，尤其是针对女性的残暴。 1970年，韩江在韩国西南部城市光州出生。她的父亲也是一位小说家。她很快追随父亲的脚步走上了相同的职业道路：20世纪90年代，她出版了诗歌和短篇故事，并且很快成为了文学界的一颗新星。国内的赞誉激发了国外读者对她作品的兴趣。2015年，英国学者德博拉·史密斯（Deborah Smith）将她的小说《素食者》译成了英文。英语读者被这个故事深深震撼——小说的主人公英惠是一个不再吃肉的家庭主妇。她的茹素决定引发了一场家庭争执，继而又演变成一个关于欲望和反叛的黑色情色故事。这本小说获得2016年布克国际文学奖。 《少年来了》是她第二部译介到英文世界的作品。（她的作品现在已经被翻译成30多种语言。）在这本小说中，她聚焦描述国家内部的阴谋与权斗：小说真实讲述了1980年光州屠杀事件，彼时学生抗议军事政变（韩国历史上最后一次），却惨遭武装镇压（之后韩国实现了民主转型）。谈及自己的小说，韩江称：“我非常重视感觉，写作时，我会把感觉融入句子，就像电流穿过一样。”她没有一一列出光州屠杀中的上百名受害者，而是通过文字，让人仿佛看到了那些无人收敛的尸体“在阳光下逐渐腐烂”，感受那股刺鼻的尸臭。诺贝尔委员会主席安德斯·奥尔森（Anders Olsson）评论道，韩江“对身体与灵魂之间的联系有着独特的认识”。 韩江获得诺奖，为韩国文化再添一抹璀璨的光彩。近几年，韩国电影《寄生虫》（Parasite）荣获奥斯卡最佳影片奖，韩国制作的《鱿鱼游戏》（Squid Game）成为网飞（Netflix）的热门剧集。此外韩国还推出了全球最受欢迎的组合防弹少年团（BTS，该团体在2021年和2022年霸榜各大全球音乐排行榜）。韩流（这一称呼源于人们对韩国大众文化的浓厚兴趣）正势如破竹。 答案 I. 单词 1. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. crucial   3. vital    4. committed    5. commit 6. academic    7. objective 8. evaluate 9. property 10. distinct 11. extract   12. boil   13. liquid   14. obtain 15. acknowledge   16. defeat   17. analyse 18. apparently   19. substance   20. insist   21. scientific   22. mostly   23. conclusion 24. flee 25. circumstance 26. novelist 27. flow 28. chart   29. found   30. infer   31. politician 32. numerous   33. theory 34. relativity   35. formula   36. genius 37. gentle    38. patent 39. passion   40. doctorate 41. extraordinary   42. gradually    43. institution   44. institute   45. consequence 46. encounter    47. professor   48. mourn   49. remarkable   50. device   51. sum   52. draft 53. 生理学:生理机能 54. [药]青蒿素 55. 疟疾 56. 研究院;学会 57. 植物学的 58. 蒿;洋艾 59. 青霉素;盘尼西林 60. 光电的 61. 上唇的胡子;髭 62. 个性;特点 II. 短语 1. 2. be crucial to   3. commit oneself to sth./doing =be committed to sth./doing 4. with the objective of... 5. property right 6. be distinct from 7. obtain knowledge 8. acknowledge...to be/as 9. be acknowledged to be/as 10. It is widely acknowledged that... 11. suffer a defeat 12. defeat an enemy 13. in the last/final analysis 14. conclude from... 15. draw/reach/come to a conclusion 16. in conclusion 17. insist on sth./ doing sth. 18. in/under the circumstance 19. in/under no circumstance     20. infer from 21. have a passion for 22. have a passion to do sth. 23. encounter the enemy 24. close encounter 25. a large /small sum of money 26. upon doing 27. It is an honour (for sb.) to... =I feel it a great honour to... =be/feel honored to... 28. It strikes sb. that... 29. wear and tear 30. flow chart 31. come to power 32. take up a position 33. sum up III. 词汇变形 1. 2. commit; commitment 3. conclude 4. acknowledgement; acknowledged 5. gently 6. boiled; boiling 7. remarkably; remark 8. consequent; consequently 9. evaluation 10. analysis; analyst 11. scientifically; science; scientist 12. theoretical 13. novel 14. politics; political 15. relative 16. passionate; passionless 17. academic 18. botany 19. object 20. distinctive; distinction 21. profession; professional IV. 单句填空 V. 1. crucial 2. committed 3. objective 4. evaluate 5. distinct 6. obtain 7. acknowledged 8. analysing 9. insisted 10. conclusion 11. inferred 12. passion 13. consequences 14. encountered 15. remarkable VI. 课文填空 VII. 1. has been awarded 2. a crucial new treatment for malaria 3. a vital part 4. a committed and patient scientist 5. with the objective of 6. medical properties 7. showed promise 8. got stuck 9. acknowledge defeat 10. by chance 11. insisted on 12. a standard treatment for malaria $$