专题 S305 并列句&状语从句-【弯道超车-备战毕业班】2025年 高中英语新高三 暑假自学培优提升学案（全国通用）

新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S305 并列句&状语从句 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 一、并列句与状语从句总览 （一）核心定义与区别 1. 并列句：由并列连词连接两个或多个独立分句，分句间地位平等，无主从之分。 o 例：She likes playing the piano, and he enjoys writing poems in his spare time.（她喜欢弹钢琴，而他喜欢在业余时间写诗。） 2. 状语从句：由从属连词引导，在句中作状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词，需依附于主句存在。 o 例：Although the weather was extremely cold, they still went hiking in the mountains.（尽管天气极冷，他们仍去山里徒步了。） （二）分类框架 类型 子分类 核心功能 并列句 转折、并列、选择、因果 连接同等重要的分句 状语从句 时间、地点、原因、条件等 表示时间、地点、条件等逻辑关系 考点一：并列句 （一）并列连词核心用法 1. 转折对比关系 but：表转折，后接转折内容（例：He tried hard to pass the exam, but failed at last due to carelessness. 他努力备考，但最后因粗心失败了。）。 while：表对比，强调两者差异（例：I prefer classical music, while she likes pop music very much. 我喜欢古典音乐，而她非常喜欢流行音乐。）。 yet：语气比 but 弱，表 “然而”（例：He is young, yet he has rich experience in teaching. 他很年轻，却有丰富的教学经验。）。 2. 并列递进关系 and：表顺承或并列（例：She finished her homework and helped her mother cook dinner. 她完成作业后帮妈妈做晚饭。）。 not only...but also...：表递进（例：Not only did he win the competition, but also he broke the world record. 他不仅赢了比赛，还打破了世界纪录。）。 both...and...：表两者都（例：Both the teacher and the students are preparing for the coming sports meeting. 老师和学生都在为即将到来的运动会做准备。）。 3. 选择关系 or：表选择或 “否则”（例：Hurry up, or you'll miss the opening ceremony of the festival. 快点，否则会错过节日的开幕式。）。 either...or...：表二者选一（例：Either you apologize to her, or I will never forgive you for this. 要么你向她道歉，要么我永远不会为此原谅你。）。 4. 因果关系 for：表推测原因（不可置于句首，例：He must be ill, for he didn't attend the important meeting today. 他一定病了，因为今天没参加重要会议。）。 so：表结果（例：It rained heavily last night, so the school sports meeting was postponed. 昨晚雨下得很大，所以学校运动会推迟了。）。 （二）特殊句型与结构 1. 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句： o 例：Work hard every day, and you'll achieve your goal in the end.（每天努力，你最终会实现目标。） o 例：Don't miss the opportunity, or you'll regret it for the rest of your life.（别错过机会，否则会后悔一生。） （三）对点练习 1. She wanted to go to the concert, ______ she had to stay at home to look after her sick mother. 2. ______ you improve your study methods, you will hardly make progress in the exams. 3. He is not only a talented artist ______ also a respected teacher in the local community. 4. I must leave now, ______ I'll be late for the important business meeting. 5. The student was tired after the long exam, ______ he continued to review for the next subject. 考点二：时间、地点、比较状语从句 （一）时间状语从句 1. 核心引导词 when：表时间点或时间段（例：When I arrived at the station, the train had already left. 我到车站时，火车已开走。）。 while：表时间段，从句用延续性动词（例：While she was reading a novel, her brother was playing video games. 她读小说时，弟弟在玩电子游戏。）。 when 表 “这时”，用于 “be doing/was about to do...when...” 结构（例：I was walking in the park, when it suddenly began to snow. 我正在公园散步，这时突然开始下雪。）。 as：表伴随或 “一边… 一边…”（例：As he walked along the street, he listened to his favorite podcast. 他沿街走时，听着喜欢的播客。）。 until/till：表 “直到”（例：I waited until the rain stopped and the sun came out. 我等到雨停日出。）。 2. 特殊结构 no sooner...than.../hardly...when...：表 “一… 就…”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时（例：No sooner had he finished his speech than the audience burst into applause. 他一结束演讲，观众就鼓掌。）。 （二）地点状语从句 1. 引导词用法 where：表 “在… 地方”（例：Stay where you are until I come back from the supermarket. 待在原地，直到我从超市回来。）。 wherever：表 “无论哪里”（例：Wherever he travels, he always sends postcards to his old friends. 他走到哪都给老朋友寄明信片。）。 （三）比较状语从句 1. 核心句型 as...as...：表 “和… 一样”（例：He runs as fast as his coach did when he was young. 他跑得和教练年轻时一样快。）。 than：表比较（例：This new smartphone is much cheaper than the one I bought last year. 这部新手机比我去年买的便宜得多。）。 the more...the more...：表 “越… 越…”（例：The more you practice speaking English, the more confident you will become. 英语说得越多，越自信。）。 （四）对点练习 1. I will call you immediately ______ I arrive at the airport tomorrow morning. 2. She decided to stay ______ her parents had told her to wait in the park. 3. The harder you work on your project, ______ progress you'll make in your career. 4. He didn't go to bed ______ his mother came back from the night shift. 5. ______ he grows older, he becomes more interested in traditional Chinese culture. 考点三：原因、条件、方式状语从句 （一）原因状语从句 1. 引导词区别 because：表直接原因，语气最强（例：He didn't attend the party because he had an important exam the next day. 他没参加聚会，因为第二天有重要考试。）。 since：表 “既然”，已知原因（例：Since you have finished your homework, you can go out to play with your friends. 既然已完成作业，就可以出去和朋友玩。）。 as：表附带原因（例：As it was getting dark, we decided to find a hotel to stay overnight. 因为天渐黑，我们决定找酒店过夜。）。 （二）条件状语从句 1. 核心引导词 if：表 “如果”（例：If it doesn't rain this weekend, we will go for a picnic in the countryside. 如果周末不下雨，我们就去乡下野餐。）。 unless：表 “除非”（例：You won't understand the poem unless you learn about its historical background. 除非了解历史背景，否则不懂这首诗。）。 as long as：表 “只要”（例：You can borrow the book as long as you promise to return it next week. 只要答应下周还，就可以借这本书。）。 （三）方式状语从句 1. 引导词用法 as：表 “按照”（例：Do as your teacher has instructed in the experiment. 按老师在实验中指导的做。）。 as if/as though：表 “好像”，可接虚拟语气（例：He acts as if he were the owner of the entire company. 他表现得好像是整个公司的主人。）。 （四）对点练习 1. He couldn't attend the online meeting ______ his computer broke down suddenly. 2. You can't enter the museum ______ you have a valid ticket for the exhibition. 3. Please do ______ the manager has told you to in the project plan. 4. ______ you follow the safety rules, you can enjoy the outdoor activities without worry. 5. She talks to her plants ______ she knew exactly what they needed. 考点四：目的、结果、让步状语从句 （一）目的状语从句 1. 引导词用法 so that/in order that：表 “为了”，从句常用 can/may 等情态动词（例：He studies English every day so that he can study abroad in the future. 他每天学英语，为了将来出国留学。）。 in case：表 “以防”（例：Take an umbrella with you in case it rains during the outdoor concert. 带伞以防户外音乐会下雨。）。 （二）结果状语从句 1. 核心句型 so...that...：so + 形容词 / 副词（例：He was so excited about the good news that he couldn't fall asleep. 他对好消息太兴奋，睡不着。）。 such...that...：such + 名词（例：It was such a moving movie that everyone in the theater cried. 电影太感人，影院里每个人都哭了。）。 （三）让步状语从句 1. 引导词用法 though/although：表 “尽管”（例：Although she was tired after the long journey, she still helped her parents unpack. 尽管长途旅行后很累，她仍帮父母 unpack。）。 even if/though：表 “即使”（例：Even if it snows heavily, we will go skiing as planned. 即使下大雪，我们仍按计划去滑雪。）。 as：表 “尽管”，需倒装（例：Hard as he tried to solve the problem, he failed to find a solution. 尽管努力解决问题，仍未找到办法。）。 （四）对点练习 1. He got up two hours earlier ______ he could catch the first train to the city. 2. It was ______ an interesting novel that she finished reading it in one day. 3. ______ the task was extremely difficult, they managed to complete it on time. 4. I will attend the meeting ______ it is held online or offline. 5. Student ______ he is, he has published several research papers in top journals. 一、并列句的逻辑关系陷阱 难点核心 1. 转折连词的语义混淆： o but 表直接转折（强调结果），while 表对比（强调差异），yet 表委婉转折（语气较弱）。 o 例：× He is rich, but he is kind.（逻辑不当）√ He is rich, yet he is kind.（富但善良，用 yet 更贴切） 2. 选择连词的语境误判： o or 表 “否则” 时需与祈使句搭配，either...or... 表二者选一，不可混用。 o 例：× Either study hard, or you'll fail.（结构错误）√ Study hard, or you'll fail.（or 表 “否则”） 3. 因果连词的位置错误： o for 表推测原因（不可放句首），so 表结果（可放句首）。 o 例：× For he was ill, he didn't come.（错误）√ He didn't come, for he was ill.（正确） 二、时间状语从句的时态冲突 难点核心 1. no sooner...than... 的时态搭配： o 主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，且 no sooner 放句首时需倒装。 o 例：× No sooner he arrived than it rained. √ No sooner had he arrived than it rained. 2. until 的肯定 / 否定用法： o 延续性动词 + until 表 “直到… 为止”，非延续性动词 + not...until 表 “直到… 才”。 o 例：× He left until I came. √ He didn't leave until I came.（leave 为非延续性动词） 3. when/while/as 的功能混误用： o when 表时间点 / 段，while 表时间段（从句用延续性动词），as 表伴随（动作同时发生）。 o 例：× While he arrived, I was cooking. √ When he arrived, I was cooking.（arrive 为时间点） 三、条件状语从句的虚拟语气盲区 难点核心 1. unless 与 if...not 的隐性转换： o unless=if...not，但 unless 不可直接接否定词。 o 例：× You won't pass unless you don't study. √ You won't pass unless you study.（unless 已含否定） 2. as long as 的语境误判： o 表 “只要” 时需与具体条件搭配，不可与假设条件混用。 o 例：× As long as he were here, we could solve it. √ If he were here, we could solve it.（虚拟条件用 if） 3. 主将从现的例外情况： o 从句表客观真理时用一般现在时，不受主句时态限制。 o 例：× The teacher said if it will rain, the earth is wet. √ The teacher said if it rains, the earth is wet. 四、让步状语从句的倒装规则 难点核心 1. as 引导倒装句的成分位置： o 表语 / 状语 / 动词原形需提前，名词提前时不加冠词。 o 例：× Child as a he is, he knows a lot. √ Child as he is, he knows a lot.（名词提前无冠词） 2. though/although 与 but 的禁用原则： o 二者不可与 but 连用，但可与 yet/still 连用。 o 例：× Although he is poor, but he is happy. √ Although he is poor, he is happy. √ Although he is poor, yet he is happy. 3. even if/though 的虚实区分： o even if 表假设（可接虚拟），even though 表事实（接陈述语气）。 o 例：× Even though he were here, we can't solve it. √ Even if he were here, we can't solve it.（虚拟用 even if） 五、结果状语从句的 so/such 误用 难点核心 1. so + 形容词 + a/an + 名词的词序： o 需注意名词单复数与冠词位置，不可与 such 混淆。 o 例：× such a good a book √ such a good book √ so good a book 2. so...that... 与 too...to... 的转换限制： o 后者需主语一致，且 to 后为动词原形。 o 例：× He is so old that he can't work. √ He is too old to work.（主语一致可转换） 3. such...that... 中名词前的修饰词： o 名词前有 many/much/few/little 时，需用 so 而非 such。 o 例：× such many books √ so many books × so little money（money 不可数，so little 正确） 真题速递 1. [2025・新课标 Ⅰ 卷] Tu says it was the balance between the black and white pieces, beauty in the 63 (strategic) placement of the pieces, 64.___________ the energy flow following each move that inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 65 (digitally) generated graphics and silk - screen prints for the showcase. 2. [2024 年全国 II 卷] Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 45.___________ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 3. [2024 年浙江卷 1 月] Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 2.___________ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. 4. [2024 年北京卷 (改编)] And 7.____________ asked about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。 考查时间状语从句。“when asked” 是 “when he was asked” 的省略形式，当从句主语与主句主语（he）一致且含 be 动词时，可省略主语和 be 动词。when 引导时间状语从句，表示 “当…… 时”，说明分享秘诀的时间背景。 5. [2023 年北京卷 (改编)] 4.___________ seen from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 6. [2023・新课标 Ⅰ 卷] To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill, ____________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 7. [2023 年全国乙卷] It is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn’t work, 5.___ _______ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 8. [2023 年新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷] So, what are they learning? It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9.____________ to see the pandas settle into their new home. 9. [2023 年浙江省 1 月] During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 1.___________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. 10. [2022 年新高考全国 Ⅱ 卷] He hung on for a few minutes 6.___________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. 11. [2022 年全国乙卷] The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” called for people to promote international cooperation 7.___________ cultural exchanges. 12. [2022 年浙江卷 6 月] "The feeling of being able to see it 10.___________ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” 名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·广东广州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the dining hall of Shenzhen University, students eagerly line up for a unique delicacy: rich bowls of black-bone chicken soup. This flavorful dish traces its roots to an 1 (innovation) AI farming project in Chishui, Guizhou, a region where black-bone chicken farming 2 (be) a valued tradition for over 300 years. Despite its long history, the practice has faced 3 (challenge), including disease, predator attacks, and high labor demands. 4 (address) these issues, Shenzhen University students partnered with the local government to develop an Al-based system. 5 (adopt) cameras and micro-devices, this smart technology tracks each chicken’s movements. When a chicken’s steps fall below 1,000, the system warns farmers to check 6 signs of illness. It also detects wild animals, helping to reduce losses from predator attacks. After just six months, production 7 (boost) by 30%, with over 60,000 chickens added. In appreciation, Chishui farmers gifted hundreds of chickens to the university, 8 students turned into “Al chicken soup” for the university community, allowing everyone to enjoy the fruits of this technological achievement. Reflecting on the project, Shenzhen University Vice President Zhang Xiaohong highlighted the 9 (integrate) of academia, industry, research, and innovation. “Through this partnership, our students have developed practical skills, gained hands-on experience, 10 grown into AI professionals ready to make a meaningful impact.” Passage 2 （2025·广东·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The National Ballet of China staged a production of Guo Nian, the Chinese version of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington between January 29th and February 2nd, with seven shows 1 (celebrate) Chinese New Year. This adaptation moves the story from its traditional Christmas setting to the Spring Festival, 2 time of family reunions, integrating elements like the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac. The ballet keeps Tchaikovsky’s 3 (origin) score while weaving in typically Chinese cultural symbols such as paper fans, porcelain, and firecrackers, 4 (complete) absorbing the audience in the atmosphere of the Spring Festival. Star dancers Fang Mengying, Zhou Yue and Chang Sinuo 5 (take) on leading roles, attracting both locals and visitors alike. Under conductor Zhang Yi, the symphony orchestra provided an attractive musical backdrop, 6 strengthened the narrative (叙述) of love, magic and tradition. Artistic director Feng Ying emphasized the 7 (significant) of these performances as UNESCO put the Spring Festival on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity last year, in recognition of 8 (it) growing global appeal. These shows not only celebrate Chinese culture 9 promote cross-cultural understanding. Through dance, music, and storytelling, the National Ballet of China has bridged two worlds, offering an insight into the heart of Chinese celebrations and traditions. The success of Guo Nian underlines the increasing international recognition of Chinese cultural traditions, paving (铺) the way for even 10 (great) cultural exchange. Passage 3 （2025·甘肃天水·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Back in 1 late 1700s, long before people understood the reason behind immunity, farmers and doctors in rural areas of Britain noticed that dairymaids (挤奶女工) and other people who got a mild disease called cowpox (牛痘) seldom caught its fearsome cousin, smallpox (天花). Was there a connection? Some decided there was and inserted (嵌入的) material from the cowpox into an incision they cut on the arm of healthy people, thus somehow 2 (protect) them from smallpox. In 1798, a doctor named Edward Jenner published the results of his experiments using this procedure, earning 3 (he) fame as the “Father of Immunology”. Scientists later figured out that cowpox somehow protected one from smallpox. When people caught cowpox, their bodies made special cells 4 (call) antibodies. They fought the disease. That’s not all. They stayed in the blood 5 case the disease ever returned. Because cowpox and smallpox are fairly similar, if a person was later exposed to the more serious disease, antibodies were ready 6 (fight) it too. That knowledge helped scientists develop vaccines. The term vaccination originated from Latin. They contain the viruses, weakened, dead or modified (改良的). Injected into the blood, they trick the immune system into making antibodies. 7 the body ever meets with those same 8 (virus), even at full strength, the antibodies make short work of them. Vaccination prior to 9 (expose) to the virus is ideal. But a vaccination given within three days of exposure will 10 (complete) prevent or significantly modify smallpox in the majority of people and given within the first four to seven days will likely offer some protection or soften the disease. Passage 4 （2025·陕西咸阳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet,” a 58-minute documentary (纪录片) released in international media outlets, has attracted worldwide attention. Praised as “Chinas greatest poet,” Du Fu 1 (introduce) to the Western world in documentary form for the first time in 2020. The documentary uses “the greatest” to describe Du Fu, not only in China, but also in the scope of world literature, 2 (put) him alongside Dante and Shakespeare, and pointing out that there 3 (be) no such figure in the West as Du Fu. It also explores Du Fu 4 visiting modern China, tracing his life and retracing his steps through places like Xi’an, Chengdu, and Changsha. The documentary also gives 5 (high) favorable recognition to the long tradition of Chinese poetry, which is earlier than Homer’s Iliad and the Odyssey, and shows that the era when Emperor Xuanzong ruled China in the Tang Dynasty (618—907) was the 6 (bright) era of culture and the most splendid era. of-poetry. At that time, there was no civilization in the world that possessed such 7 （elegant）and culture as the Chinese civilization. From 8 Englishman’s point of view, historian Michael Wood tries to find traces of Du Fu in a rapidly changing China, where poets have always been seen as the trusted recorders of the people’s hearts 9 the nation’s history. “And for the Chinese, Du Fu is more than a poet,” said Wood. “For 10 (generation), he has been the protector of the moral conscience (道德良知) of the nation.” Passage 5 （2025·江苏·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dujiangyan, 1 (trace) back to the State of Qin as an irrigation (灌溉) and flood control system, is a remarkable example of ancient 2 (engineer) skill and is still in use today. During the Warring States period, the 3 (settle) along the river suffered from constant flood destruction. An irrigation engineer, Li Bing, led a team to construct an embankment (堤坝) to redirect part of the river’s flow upon thorough investigation. They needed to cut a channel through Mount Yulei to let out the extra water. However, cutting the channel 4 (prove) a much more challenging task than anticipated, as the mountain’s rock was so hard that traditional tools was 5 (adequate). Therefore, they used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they broke 6 could be removed. Once completed, the system prevented floods and made Sichuan one of China’s most productive agricultural regions by using the redirected water 7 irrigation. Now if you visit Dujiangyan, you will see an unusual construction 8 looks like a fish’s mouth. This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, 9 (design) originally to control the water flow throughout the year. Recognized as 10 UNESCO heritage site, Dujiangyan has irrigated farms while preventing floods for over 2,000 years. 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S305 并列句&状语从句 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 一、并列句与状语从句总览 （一）核心定义与区别 1. 并列句：由并列连词连接两个或多个独立分句，分句间地位平等，无主从之分。 o 例：She likes playing the piano, and he enjoys writing poems in his spare time.（她喜欢弹钢琴，而他喜欢在业余时间写诗。） 2. 状语从句：由从属连词引导，在句中作状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词，需依附于主句存在。 o 例：Although the weather was extremely cold, they still went hiking in the mountains.（尽管天气极冷，他们仍去山里徒步了。） （二）分类框架 类型 子分类 核心功能 并列句 转折、并列、选择、因果 连接同等重要的分句 状语从句 时间、地点、原因、条件等 表示时间、地点、条件等逻辑关系 考点一：并列句 （一）并列连词核心用法 1. 转折对比关系 but：表转折，后接转折内容（例：He tried hard to pass the exam, but failed at last due to carelessness. 他努力备考，但最后因粗心失败了。）。 while：表对比，强调两者差异（例：I prefer classical music, while she likes pop music very much. 我喜欢古典音乐，而她非常喜欢流行音乐。）。 yet：语气比 but 弱，表 “然而”（例：He is young, yet he has rich experience in teaching. 他很年轻，却有丰富的教学经验。）。 2. 并列递进关系 and：表顺承或并列（例：She finished her homework and helped her mother cook dinner. 她完成作业后帮妈妈做晚饭。）。 not only...but also...：表递进（例：Not only did he win the competition, but also he broke the world record. 他不仅赢了比赛，还打破了世界纪录。）。 both...and...：表两者都（例：Both the teacher and the students are preparing for the coming sports meeting. 老师和学生都在为即将到来的运动会做准备。）。 3. 选择关系 or：表选择或 “否则”（例：Hurry up, or you'll miss the opening ceremony of the festival. 快点，否则会错过节日的开幕式。）。 either...or...：表二者选一（例：Either you apologize to her, or I will never forgive you for this. 要么你向她道歉，要么我永远不会为此原谅你。）。 4. 因果关系 for：表推测原因（不可置于句首，例：He must be ill, for he didn't attend the important meeting today. 他一定病了，因为今天没参加重要会议。）。 so：表结果（例：It rained heavily last night, so the school sports meeting was postponed. 昨晚雨下得很大，所以学校运动会推迟了。）。 （二）特殊句型与结构 1. 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句： o 例：Work hard every day, and you'll achieve your goal in the end.（每天努力，你最终会实现目标。） o 例：Don't miss the opportunity, or you'll regret it for the rest of your life.（别错过机会，否则会后悔一生。） （三）对点练习 1. She wanted to go to the concert, ______ she had to stay at home to look after her sick mother. 答案：but 解析：句意：她想去听音乐会，但不得不待在家照顾生病的母亲。前后为转折关系，用 but 连接。 2. ______ you improve your study methods, you will hardly make progress in the exams. 答案：Or 解析：句意：要么改进学习方法，否则考试很难进步。表 “否则” 用 or。 3. He is not only a talented artist ______ also a respected teacher in the local community. 答案：but 解析：句意：他不仅是才华横溢的艺术家，还是当地社区受人尊敬的老师。not only...but also... 表递进。 4. I must leave now, ______ I'll be late for the important business meeting. 答案：or 解析：句意：我必须现在走，否则重要的商务会议会迟到。表 “否则” 用 or。 5. The student was tired after the long exam, ______ he continued to review for the next subject. 答案：yet 解析：句意：考完长时间的试后学生很累，但仍继续复习下一科。表转折且语气较弱，用 yet。 考点二：时间、地点、比较状语从句 （一）时间状语从句 1. 核心引导词 when：表时间点或时间段（例：When I arrived at the station, the train had already left. 我到车站时，火车已开走。）。 while：表时间段，从句用延续性动词（例：While she was reading a novel, her brother was playing video games. 她读小说时，弟弟在玩电子游戏。）。 when 表 “这时”，用于 “be doing/was about to do...when...” 结构（例：I was walking in the park, when it suddenly began to snow. 我正在公园散步，这时突然开始下雪。）。 as：表伴随或 “一边… 一边…”（例：As he walked along the street, he listened to his favorite podcast. 他沿街走时，听着喜欢的播客。）。 until/till：表 “直到”（例：I waited until the rain stopped and the sun came out. 我等到雨停日出。）。 2. 特殊结构 no sooner...than.../hardly...when...：表 “一… 就…”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时（例：No sooner had he finished his speech than the audience burst into applause. 他一结束演讲，观众就鼓掌。）。 （二）地点状语从句 1. 引导词用法 where：表 “在… 地方”（例：Stay where you are until I come back from the supermarket. 待在原地，直到我从超市回来。）。 wherever：表 “无论哪里”（例：Wherever he travels, he always sends postcards to his old friends. 他走到哪都给老朋友寄明信片。）。 （三）比较状语从句 1. 核心句型 as...as...：表 “和… 一样”（例：He runs as fast as his coach did when he was young. 他跑得和教练年轻时一样快。）。 than：表比较（例：This new smartphone is much cheaper than the one I bought last year. 这部新手机比我去年买的便宜得多。）。 the more...the more...：表 “越… 越…”（例：The more you practice speaking English, the more confident you will become. 英语说得越多，越自信。）。 （四）对点练习 1. I will call you immediately ______ I arrive at the airport tomorrow morning. 答案：when 解析：句意：明天上午一到机场就给你打电话。表时间点，用 when。 2. She decided to stay ______ her parents had told her to wait in the park. 答案：where 解析：句意：她决定待在父母让她在公园等的地方。表地点，用 where。 3. The harder you work on your project, ______ progress you'll make in your career. 答案：the more 解析：句意：项目越努力，职业进步越大。the more...the more... 结构。 4. He didn't go to bed ______ his mother came back from the night shift. 答案：until 解析：句意：直到妈妈下夜班回来，他才睡觉。not...until 表 “直到… 才”。 5. ______ he grows older, he becomes more interested in traditional Chinese culture. 答案：As 解析：句意：随着年龄增长，他对中国传统文化更感兴趣。表伴随，用 as。 考点三：原因、条件、方式状语从句 （一）原因状语从句 1. 引导词区别 because：表直接原因，语气最强（例：He didn't attend the party because he had an important exam the next day. 他没参加聚会，因为第二天有重要考试。）。 since：表 “既然”，已知原因（例：Since you have finished your homework, you can go out to play with your friends. 既然已完成作业，就可以出去和朋友玩。）。 as：表附带原因（例：As it was getting dark, we decided to find a hotel to stay overnight. 因为天渐黑，我们决定找酒店过夜。）。 （二）条件状语从句 1. 核心引导词 if：表 “如果”（例：If it doesn't rain this weekend, we will go for a picnic in the countryside. 如果周末不下雨，我们就去乡下野餐。）。 unless：表 “除非”（例：You won't understand the poem unless you learn about its historical background. 除非了解历史背景，否则不懂这首诗。）。 as long as：表 “只要”（例：You can borrow the book as long as you promise to return it next week. 只要答应下周还，就可以借这本书。）。 （三）方式状语从句 1. 引导词用法 as：表 “按照”（例：Do as your teacher has instructed in the experiment. 按老师在实验中指导的做。）。 as if/as though：表 “好像”，可接虚拟语气（例：He acts as if he were the owner of the entire company. 他表现得好像是整个公司的主人。）。 （四）对点练习 1. He couldn't attend the online meeting ______ his computer broke down suddenly. 答案：because 解析：句意：他无法参加线上会议，因为电脑突然坏了。表直接原因，用 because。 2. You can't enter the museum ______ you have a valid ticket for the exhibition. 答案：unless 解析：句意：除非有展览的有效门票，否则不能进入博物馆。表 “除非”，用 unless。 3. Please do ______ the manager has told you to in the project plan. 答案：as 解析：句意：请按经理在项目计划中告诉你的做。表 “按照”，用 as。 4. ______ you follow the safety rules, you can enjoy the outdoor activities without worry. 答案：If 解析：句意：如果遵守安全规则，就能无忧享受户外活动。表条件，用 if。 5. She talks to her plants ______ she knew exactly what they needed. 答案：as if 解析：句意：她和植物说话，好像完全知道它们需要什么。表 “好像”，用 as if。 考点四：目的、结果、让步状语从句 （一）目的状语从句 1. 引导词用法 so that/in order that：表 “为了”，从句常用 can/may 等情态动词（例：He studies English every day so that he can study abroad in the future. 他每天学英语，为了将来出国留学。）。 in case：表 “以防”（例：Take an umbrella with you in case it rains during the outdoor concert. 带伞以防户外音乐会下雨。）。 （二）结果状语从句 1. 核心句型 so...that...：so + 形容词 / 副词（例：He was so excited about the good news that he couldn't fall asleep. 他对好消息太兴奋，睡不着。）。 such...that...：such + 名词（例：It was such a moving movie that everyone in the theater cried. 电影太感人，影院里每个人都哭了。）。 （三）让步状语从句 1. 引导词用法 though/although：表 “尽管”（例：Although she was tired after the long journey, she still helped her parents unpack. 尽管长途旅行后很累，她仍帮父母 unpack。）。 even if/though：表 “即使”（例：Even if it snows heavily, we will go skiing as planned. 即使下大雪，我们仍按计划去滑雪。）。 as：表 “尽管”，需倒装（例：Hard as he tried to solve the problem, he failed to find a solution. 尽管努力解决问题，仍未找到办法。）。 （四）对点练习 1. He got up two hours earlier ______ he could catch the first train to the city. 答案：so that 解析：句意：他早起两小时，为了能赶上到城里的首班车。表目的，用 so that。 2. It was ______ an interesting novel that she finished reading it in one day. 答案：such 解析：句意：小说太有趣，她一天就读完了。such+a + 形容词 + 名词 + that... 结构。 3. ______ the task was extremely difficult, they managed to complete it on time. 答案：Though 解析：句意：尽管任务极难，他们仍按时完成了。表让步，用 though。 4. I will attend the meeting ______ it is held online or offline. 答案：even if 解析：句意：即使会议在线上或线下举行，我都会参加。表 “即使”，用 even if。 5. Student ______ he is, he has published several research papers in top journals. 答案：as 解析：句意：尽管是学生，他已在顶级期刊发表数篇研究论文。as 引导让步从句需倒装，表语 student 提前。） 一、并列句的逻辑关系陷阱 难点核心 1. 转折连词的语义混淆： o but 表直接转折（强调结果），while 表对比（强调差异），yet 表委婉转折（语气较弱）。 o 例：× He is rich, but he is kind.（逻辑不当）√ He is rich, yet he is kind.（富但善良，用 yet 更贴切） 2. 选择连词的语境误判： o or 表 “否则” 时需与祈使句搭配，either...or... 表二者选一，不可混用。 o 例：× Either study hard, or you'll fail.（结构错误）√ Study hard, or you'll fail.（or 表 “否则”） 3. 因果连词的位置错误： o for 表推测原因（不可放句首），so 表结果（可放句首）。 o 例：× For he was ill, he didn't come.（错误）√ He didn't come, for he was ill.（正确） 二、时间状语从句的时态冲突 难点核心 1. no sooner...than... 的时态搭配： o 主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，且 no sooner 放句首时需倒装。 o 例：× No sooner he arrived than it rained. √ No sooner had he arrived than it rained. 2. until 的肯定 / 否定用法： o 延续性动词 + until 表 “直到… 为止”，非延续性动词 + not...until 表 “直到… 才”。 o 例：× He left until I came. √ He didn't leave until I came.（leave 为非延续性动词） 3. when/while/as 的功能混误用： o when 表时间点 / 段，while 表时间段（从句用延续性动词），as 表伴随（动作同时发生）。 o 例：× While he arrived, I was cooking. √ When he arrived, I was cooking.（arrive 为时间点） 三、条件状语从句的虚拟语气盲区 难点核心 1. unless 与 if...not 的隐性转换： o unless=if...not，但 unless 不可直接接否定词。 o 例：× You won't pass unless you don't study. √ You won't pass unless you study.（unless 已含否定） 2. as long as 的语境误判： o 表 “只要” 时需与具体条件搭配，不可与假设条件混用。 o 例：× As long as he were here, we could solve it. √ If he were here, we could solve it.（虚拟条件用 if） 3. 主将从现的例外情况： o 从句表客观真理时用一般现在时，不受主句时态限制。 o 例：× The teacher said if it will rain, the earth is wet. √ The teacher said if it rains, the earth is wet. 四、让步状语从句的倒装规则 难点核心 1. as 引导倒装句的成分位置： o 表语 / 状语 / 动词原形需提前，名词提前时不加冠词。 o 例：× Child as a he is, he knows a lot. √ Child as he is, he knows a lot.（名词提前无冠词） 2. though/although 与 but 的禁用原则： o 二者不可与 but 连用，但可与 yet/still 连用。 o 例：× Although he is poor, but he is happy. √ Although he is poor, he is happy. √ Although he is poor, yet he is happy. 3. even if/though 的虚实区分： o even if 表假设（可接虚拟），even though 表事实（接陈述语气）。 o 例：× Even though he were here, we can't solve it. √ Even if he were here, we can't solve it.（虚拟用 even if） 五、结果状语从句的 so/such 误用 难点核心 1. so + 形容词 + a/an + 名词的词序： o 需注意名词单复数与冠词位置，不可与 such 混淆。 o 例：× such a good a book √ such a good book √ so good a book 2. so...that... 与 too...to... 的转换限制： o 后者需主语一致，且 to 后为动词原形。 o 例：× He is so old that he can't work. √ He is too old to work.（主语一致可转换） 3. such...that... 中名词前的修饰词： o 名词前有 many/much/few/little 时，需用 so 而非 such。 o 例：× such many books √ so many books × so little money（money 不可数，so little 正确） 真题速递 1. [2025・新课标 Ⅰ 卷] Tu says it was the balance between the black and white pieces, beauty in the 63 (strategic) placement of the pieces, 64.___________ the energy flow following each move that inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 65 (digitally) generated graphics and silk - screen prints for the showcase. 答案：and 解析：分析句子结构可知，“it was...that...” 是一个强调句型，被强调的部分是 “the balance between the black and white pieces, beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move”，这三个部分是并列关系，共同作被强调的内容，所以用 and 连接。意思是 “涂宁宁说，正是黑白棋子之间的平衡、棋子战略性布局中的美感以及每一步棋之后的能量流动，激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成图形和丝网印刷品的灵感”。 2. [2024 年全国 II 卷] Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 45.___________ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 答案：and 解析： 句意：埃德蒙森说：“听到中文并看到汤显祖的戏剧如何被表演，这非常令人兴奋。” 考查连词。“hear the Chinese language”（听到中文）和 “see how Tang’s play was being performed”（看到戏剧表演）是并列的动词短语，共同作不定式结构 “to hear... and see...”，用 and 连接表示并列关系。 3. [2024 年浙江卷 1 月] Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 2.___________ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. 答案：or 解析： 句意：要么你买的东西太重而无法带回家，要么你无法在买的东西还新鲜时使用它们。 考查固定搭配。“either...or...” 为固定结构，意为 “要么…… 要么……”，用于连接两种并列的选择情况，符合句子中 “购物太重” 和 “无法及时使用” 的并列逻辑。 4. [2024 年北京卷 (改编)] And 7.____________ asked about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 答案：when 解析： 句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。 考查时间状语从句。“when asked” 是 “when he was asked” 的省略形式，当从句主语与主句主语（he）一致且含 be 动词时，可省略主语和 be 动词。when 引导时间状语从句，表示 “当…… 时”，说明分享秘诀的时间背景。 5. [2023 年北京卷 (改编)] 4.___________ seen from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 答案：When 解析： 句意：当从远处看时，红树林显得更加壮观。 考查时间状语从句。完整结构为 “When the mangrove forests are seen from afar”，When 引导时间状语从句，省略了与主句一致的主语（the mangrove forests）和 be 动词（are），句首首字母大写，表时间条件。 6. [2023・新课标 Ⅰ 卷] To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill, ____________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 答案：or 解析： 句意：要吃一个（饺子），你得决定是先咬个小洞，放出蒸汽并冒着溢出的风险，还是把整个饺子放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆开。 考查固定搭配。“whether...or...” 为固定用法，意为 “是…… 还是……”，连接 “先咬洞” 和 “整个放进嘴里” 两种选择，符合句子的抉择逻辑。 7. [2023 年全国乙卷] It is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn’t work, 5.___ _______ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 答案：but 解析： 句意：这是一种明显的视觉反差，本不该协调，但不知为何这两个截然不同的世界却形成了良好的组合。 考查连词。前半句 “视觉反差不该起作用” 与后半句 “实际组合良好” 存在转折关系，用 but 连接表示 “但是”，体现逻辑转折。 8. [2023 年新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷] So, what are they learning? It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9.____________ to see the pandas settle into their new home. 答案：and 解析： 句意：那么，它们在学什么呢？能见证熊猫项目发展并看到熊猫适应新家，是一种荣幸。 考查连词。“watch the panda programme develop”（见证项目发展）和 “see the pandas settle into their new home”（看到熊猫安家）是并列的荣幸之事，用 and 连接表示并列顺承。 9. [2023 年浙江省 1 月] During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 1.___________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. 答案：and 解析： 句意：在中国王朝时期，皇帝规划北京城，并根据社会阶层安排居住区。 考查连词。“planned the city of Beijing”（规划北京城）和 “arranged the residential areas”（安排居住区）是皇帝执行的两个并列动作，用 and 连接表示动作的连贯性。 10. [2022 年新高考全国 Ⅱ 卷] He hung on for a few minutes 6.___________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. 答案：and 解析： 句意：他坚持了几分钟，并尖叫着喊父亲，但父亲没听到他。 考查连词。“hung on for a few minutes”（坚持几分钟）和 “screamed for his father”（呼喊父亲）是先后发生的并列动作，用 and 连接表示动作的顺承关系。 11. [2022 年全国乙卷] The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” called for people to promote international cooperation 7.___________ cultural exchanges. 答案：and 解析： 句意：“第一届国际茶日茶路合作倡议” 呼吁人们促进国际合作与文化交流。 考查连词。“international cooperation”（国际合作）和 “cultural exchanges”（文化交流）是并列的倡议内容，用 and 连接表示 “和” 的并列关系。 12. [2022 年浙江卷 6 月] "The feeling of being able to see it 10.___________ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” 答案：and 解析： 句意：“能够看到它并形成自己的观点，这种感觉就像盲人打破了另一堵墙。” 考查连词。“being able to see it”（看到事物）和 “to form my opinion”（形成观点）是并列的感官体验，用 and 连接表示动作的并列关系。 名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·广东广州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the dining hall of Shenzhen University, students eagerly line up for a unique delicacy: rich bowls of black-bone chicken soup. This flavorful dish traces its roots to an 1 (innovation) AI farming project in Chishui, Guizhou, a region where black-bone chicken farming 2 (be) a valued tradition for over 300 years. Despite its long history, the practice has faced 3 (challenge), including disease, predator attacks, and high labor demands. 4 (address) these issues, Shenzhen University students partnered with the local government to develop an Al-based system. 5 (adopt) cameras and micro-devices, this smart technology tracks each chicken’s movements. When a chicken’s steps fall below 1,000, the system warns farmers to check 6 signs of illness. It also detects wild animals, helping to reduce losses from predator attacks. After just six months, production 7 (boost) by 30%, with over 60,000 chickens added. In appreciation, Chishui farmers gifted hundreds of chickens to the university, 8 students turned into “Al chicken soup” for the university community, allowing everyone to enjoy the fruits of this technological achievement. Reflecting on the project, Shenzhen University Vice President Zhang Xiaohong highlighted the 9 (integrate) of academia, industry, research, and innovation. “Through this partnership, our students have developed practical skills, gained hands-on experience, 10 grown into AI professionals ready to make a meaningful impact.” 【答案】 1．innovative 2．has been 3．challenges 4．To address 5．Adopting 6．for 7．was boosted 8．which 9．integration 10．and 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了深圳大学学生与当地政府合作开发AI系统助力贵州乌骨鸡养殖并制成鸡汤回馈学校。 1．考查形容词。句意：这道风味独特的菜肴源自贵州赤水一个创新的AI养殖项目，在那里，乌骨鸡养殖已有300多年的宝贵传统。空处修饰后面的名词短语AI farming project，应用形容词，作定语，innovation的形容词形式为innovative意为“创新的”。故填innovative。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上。空处为where引导的定语从句的谓语，根据时间状语for over 300 years可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，主语black-bone chicken farming为第三人称单数，主动动词用has。故填has been。 3．考查名词的数。句意：尽管历史悠久，但这一做法也面临着挑战，包括疾病、捕食者袭击和高劳动力需求。空处作has faced的宾语，应用名词challenge“挑战”，此处表示不止一个挑战，应用复数形式。故填challenges。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了解决这些问题，深圳大学的学生与当地政府合作开发了一个基于人工智能的系统。本句谓语为partnered，此处为非谓语动词，此处表示目的，应用动词address“解决”的不定式，作目的状语，句首单词，首字母应大写。故填To address。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这项智能技术采用摄像头和微型设备来追踪每只鸡的活动。本句谓语为tracks，此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语this smart technology和adopt“采用”之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语，句首单词，首字母应大写。故填Adopting。 6．考查介词。句意：当一只鸡的步数低于1000步时，系统会提醒农民检查是否有生病的迹象。此处为固定短语check for“检查，查看”。故填for。 7．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：仅仅6个月后，产量就提高了30%，新增了6万多只鸡。空处为句子谓语，根据时间状语After just six months可知，句子描述过去的动作，时态应用一般过去时，且主语production和boost“提高”之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用was。故填was boosted。 8．考查定语从句。句意：为了表示感谢，赤水农民向大学赠送了数百只鸡，学生们将这些鸡做成了“AI鸡汤”供大学社区享用，让每个人都能享受到这项技术成果带来的好处。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为hundreds of chickens，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作turned的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．考查名词。句意：深圳大学副校长张晓红在回顾该项目时强调了学术界、产业界、研究和创新的融合。空处作highlighted的宾语，应用名词形式integration“融合，结合”。故填integration。 10．考查连词。句意：通过这种合作，我们的学生培养了实践技能，获得了实践经验，并成长为人工智能专业人士，准备产生有意义的影响。have developed practical skills，gained hands-on experience，grown into AI professionals为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 Passage 2 （2025·广东·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The National Ballet of China staged a production of Guo Nian, the Chinese version of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington between January 29th and February 2nd, with seven shows 1 (celebrate) Chinese New Year. This adaptation moves the story from its traditional Christmas setting to the Spring Festival, 2 time of family reunions, integrating elements like the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac. The ballet keeps Tchaikovsky’s 3 (origin) score while weaving in typically Chinese cultural symbols such as paper fans, porcelain, and firecrackers, 4 (complete) absorbing the audience in the atmosphere of the Spring Festival. Star dancers Fang Mengying, Zhou Yue and Chang Sinuo 5 (take) on leading roles, attracting both locals and visitors alike. Under conductor Zhang Yi, the symphony orchestra provided an attractive musical backdrop, 6 strengthened the narrative (叙述) of love, magic and tradition. Artistic director Feng Ying emphasized the 7 (significant) of these performances as UNESCO put the Spring Festival on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity last year, in recognition of 8 (it) growing global appeal. These shows not only celebrate Chinese culture 9 promote cross-cultural understanding. Through dance, music, and storytelling, the National Ballet of China has bridged two worlds, offering an insight into the heart of Chinese celebrations and traditions. The success of Guo Nian underlines the increasing international recognition of Chinese cultural traditions, paving (铺) the way for even 10 (great) cultural exchange. 【答案】 1. celebrating 2. a 3. original 4. completely 5. took 6. which 7. significance 8. its 9. but 10. greater 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国国家芭蕾舞团在美演出《过年》的情况及意义。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1月29日至2月2日，中国国家芭蕾舞团在华盛顿肯尼迪艺术中心上演了改编自柴可夫斯基《胡桃夹子》的中国版《过年》，共有七场演出庆祝中国新年。此处是with的复合结构，shows和celebrate之间是逻辑主动关系，celebrate用现在分词形式作宾补。故填celebrating。 2. 考查冠词。句意：这一改编将故事从传统的圣诞节背景移至春节，一个家庭团聚的时刻，并融入了中国十二生肖等元素。“time of family reunions”是对“Spring Festival”的解释，泛指“一个……的时刻”，time以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。故填a。 3. 考查形容词。句意：芭蕾舞剧保留了柴可夫斯基的原版配乐，同时融入了纸扇、瓷器和鞭炮等典型的中国文化符号，让观众完全沉浸在春节的氛围中。此处修饰名词score，用形容词original作定语，表示“原版的”。故填original。 4. 考查副词。句意：芭蕾舞剧保留了柴可夫斯基的原版配乐，同时融入了纸扇、瓷器和鞭炮等典型的中国文化符号，让观众完全沉浸在春节的氛围中。此处修饰动词absorbing，用副词completely作状语，表示“完全地”。故填completely。 5. 考查时态。句意：明星舞者方梦颖、周月和常斯诺担任主演，吸引了当地人和游客。空处为句子的谓语动词。此处描述过去发生的事情，谓语动词短语take on用一般过去时。故填took。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在指挥张毅的带领下，交响乐团提供了迷人的音乐背景，强化了爱、魔法和传统的叙事。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为主句“交响乐团提供音乐背景”这一整件事，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 7. 考查名词。句意：艺术总监冯英强调了这些演出的重要性，因为联合国教科文组织去年将春节列入了人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，以表彰其日益增长的全球吸引力。此处作emphasized的宾语，用名词significance，表示“重要性”。故填significance。 8. 考查代词。句意：艺术总监冯英强调了这些演出的重要性，因为联合国教科文组织去年将春节列入了人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，以表彰其日益增长的全球吸引力。此处修饰名词appeal，用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”。故填its。 9. 考查连词。句意：这些演出不仅庆祝中国文化，还促进了跨文化理解。not only...but (also)...为固定搭配，表示“不仅……还……”。故填but。 10. 考查比较级。句意：《过年》的成功凸显了中国文化传统在国际上日益增长的认可度，为更广泛的文化交流铺平了道路。even修饰比较级，结合语境 “更广泛的文化交流”，所以空处用形容词的比较级greater作定语修饰名词短语cultural exchange。故填greater。 Passage 3 （2025·甘肃天水·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Back in 1 late 1700s, long before people understood the reason behind immunity, farmers and doctors in rural areas of Britain noticed that dairymaids (挤奶女工) and other people who got a mild disease called cowpox (牛痘) seldom caught its fearsome cousin, smallpox (天花). Was there a connection? Some decided there was and inserted (嵌入的) material from the cowpox into an incision they cut on the arm of healthy people, thus somehow 2 (protect) them from smallpox. In 1798, a doctor named Edward Jenner published the results of his experiments using this procedure, earning 3 (he) fame as the “Father of Immunology”. Scientists later figured out that cowpox somehow protected one from smallpox. When people caught cowpox, their bodies made special cells 4 (call) antibodies. They fought the disease. That’s not all. They stayed in the blood 5 case the disease ever returned. Because cowpox and smallpox are fairly similar, if a person was later exposed to the more serious disease, antibodies were ready 6 (fight) it too. That knowledge helped scientists develop vaccines. The term vaccination originated from Latin. They contain the viruses, weakened, dead or modified (改良的). Injected into the blood, they trick the immune system into making antibodies. 7 the body ever meets with those same 8 (virus), even at full strength, the antibodies make short work of them. Vaccination prior to 9 (expose) to the virus is ideal. But a vaccination given within three days of exposure will 10 (complete) prevent or significantly modify smallpox in the majority of people and given within the first four to seven days will likely offer some protection or soften the disease. 【答案】 1. the 2. protecting 3. himself/his 4. called 5. in 6. to fight 7. If/When 8. viruses 9. exposure 10. completely 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了18世纪末Edward Jenner发现接种牛痘提取物能预防天花，从而开创疫苗接种的历史，并解释了抗体如何通过识别相似病毒提供免疫力。 1. 考查冠词。句意：早在18世纪末，远在人们理解免疫原理之前，英国乡村的农民和医生注意到，挤奶女工和其他感染过一种名为牛痘的轻微疾病的人，很少染上其可怕的近亲——天花。空后为late 1700s，“某世纪某年代”前需加定冠词the。故填the。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人认为有，于是将牛痘的提取物注入健康人手臂上的切口，从而以某种方式保护他们免受天花侵害。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用protect“保护”的现在分词形式。故填protecting。 3. 考查代词。句意：1798年，一位名叫Edward Jenner的医生发表了使用此方法的实验结果，并因此赢得了“免疫学之父”的声誉。earn sb. sth.意为“为某人赢得某物”，空处作earning的宾语，此处earn这一动作的实施者和承受者为同一人，空处应用he的反身代词形式，或用earn sth.表示“赢得某物，挣得某物”，把空处看作修饰名词fame的定语，用形容词性物主代词his。故填himself/his。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当人感染牛痘时，身体会产生一种特殊的细胞，称为抗体。空处是非谓语，作special cells的后置定语，call“称作”和special cells逻辑上是被动关系，因此用call的过去分词形式。故填called。 5. 考查介词。句意：它们还会留在血液中，以防疾病再次来袭。结合“the disease ever returned”可知，此处应用固定搭配in case表示“以防”，引导目的状语从句。故填in。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于牛痘和天花非常相似，如果一个人后来接触更严重的天花病毒，抗体也能迅速投入战斗。be ready to do sth.是固定短语，意为“准备好做某事”，空处应用fight“与……作斗争”的不定式形式。故填to fight。 7. 考查状语从句。句意：如果身体日后遇到同样的病毒/当身体日后遇到同样的病毒时，哪怕病毒来势汹汹，抗体也能轻松消灭它们。前半句也可理解为是后半句发生的条件，空处可用从属连词if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”；前半句可理解为和后半句同时发生，空处可用从属连词when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，且空处位于句首，if或when的首字母均需大写。故填If/When。 8. 考查名词的数。句意：如果身体日后遇到同样的病毒/当身体日后遇到同样的病毒时，哪怕病毒来势汹汹，抗体也能轻松消灭它们。空处作with的宾语，those后应用可数名词virus“病毒”的复数形式。故填viruses。 9. 考查名词。句意：理想情况下，应在接触病毒前接种疫苗。空处作介词to的宾语，名词exposure符合题意，意为“接触”，是不可数名词。故填exposure。 10. 考查副词。句意：但若在接触后3天内接种，仍能完全预防或大幅减轻天花症状；而在接触后4至7天内接种，也可能提供部分保护或减轻病情。空处修饰动词prevent，副词completely符合题意，意为“完全地”。故填completely。 Passage 4 （2025·陕西咸阳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet,” a 58-minute documentary (纪录片) released in international media outlets, has attracted worldwide attention. Praised as “Chinas greatest poet,” Du Fu 1 (introduce) to the Western world in documentary form for the first time in 2020. The documentary uses “the greatest” to describe Du Fu, not only in China, but also in the scope of world literature, 2 (put) him alongside Dante and Shakespeare, and pointing out that there 3 (be) no such figure in the West as Du Fu. It also explores Du Fu 4 visiting modern China, tracing his life and retracing his steps through places like Xi’an, Chengdu, and Changsha. The documentary also gives 5 (high) favorable recognition to the long tradition of Chinese poetry, which is earlier than Homer’s Iliad and the Odyssey, and shows that the era when Emperor Xuanzong ruled China in the Tang Dynasty (618—907) was the 6 (bright) era of culture and the most splendid era. of-poetry. At that time, there was no civilization in the world that possessed such 7 （elegant）and culture as the Chinese civilization. From 8 Englishman’s point of view, historian Michael Wood tries to find traces of Du Fu in a rapidly changing China, where poets have always been seen as the trusted recorders of the people’s hearts 9 the nation’s history. “And for the Chinese, Du Fu is more than a poet,” said Wood. “For 10 (generation), he has been the protector of the moral conscience (道德良知) of the nation.” 【答案】 1. was introduced 2. putting 3. is 4. by/through 5. highly 6. brightest 7. elegance 8. an 9. and 10. generations 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了纪录片《杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人》内容及其对杜甫和中国诗歌的评价。 1. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：被誉为“中国最伟大的诗人”的杜甫于2020年首次以纪录片的形式被介绍给西方世界。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语in 2020可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语Du Fu和动词introduce之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Du Fu是单数，be动词用was。故填was introduced。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这部纪录片用“最伟大的”来形容杜甫，不仅在中国，在世界文学范围内也是如此，将他与但丁和莎士比亚相提并论，并指出西方没有像杜甫这样的人物。空处应用非谓语动词作状语。The documentary和put之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填putting。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这部纪录片用“最伟大的”来形容杜甫，不仅在中国，在世界文学范围内也是如此，将他与但丁和莎士比亚相提并论，并指出西方没有像杜甫这样的人物。此处是there be句型，根据句意可知，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“no such figure”是单数，be动词用is。故填is。 4. 考查介词。句意：这部纪录片还通过参观现代中国来探索杜甫，追溯他的生活，重走他在西安、成都和长沙等地的足迹。根据句意可知，此处表示“通过”参观现代中国来探索杜甫，应用介词by或through。故填by/through。 5. 考查副词最高级。句意：这部纪录片还对中国诗歌的悠久传统给予了高度评价，中国诗歌比荷马的《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》还要早，并表明唐玄宗统治中国时期（618—907）是文化最辉煌、诗歌最灿烂的时代。空处需用副词highly修饰形容词favorable作状语。故填highly。 6. 考查形容词最高级。句意：这部纪录片还对中国诗歌的悠久传统给予了高度评价，中国诗歌比荷马的《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》还要早，并表明唐玄宗统治中国时期（618—907）是文化最辉煌、诗歌最灿烂的时代。根据空前“the”和空后“of culture and the most splendid era of poetry”可知，此处应用形容词bright的最高级brightest修饰名词era，表示“最辉煌的时代”。故填brightest。 7. 考查名词。句意：当时，世界上没有任何文明像中华文明那样拥有如此高雅的文化。根据空前such和空后“and culture”可知，此处应用名词elegance，与culture并列作宾语，elegance是不可数名词“高雅”。故填elegance。 8. 考查冠词。句意：从英国人的角度来看，历史学家迈克尔·伍德试图在快速变化的中国寻找杜甫的踪迹，在中国，诗人一直被视为人民心灵和国家历史的忠实记录者。根据空后“Englishman’s point of view”可知，此处表示泛指“一个英国的角度”，应用不定冠词，Englishman是以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。 9. 考查连词。句意：从英国人的角度来看，历史学家迈克尔·伍德试图在快速变化的中国寻找杜甫的踪迹，在中国，诗人一直被视为人民心灵和国家历史的忠实记录者。根据句意可知，“the people’s hearts”和“the nation’s history”是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 10. 考查名词复数。句意：“几代人以来，他一直是这个国家道德良知的守护者。”伍德说。根据空前For和句意可知，此处表示“几代人”，应用名词generation的复数形式generations，作宾语。故填generations。 Passage 5 （2025·江苏·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dujiangyan, 1 (trace) back to the State of Qin as an irrigation (灌溉) and flood control system, is a remarkable example of ancient 2 (engineer) skill and is still in use today. During the Warring States period, the 3 (settle) along the river suffered from constant flood destruction. An irrigation engineer, Li Bing, led a team to construct an embankment (堤坝) to redirect part of the river’s flow upon thorough investigation. They needed to cut a channel through Mount Yulei to let out the extra water. However, cutting the channel 4 (prove) a much more challenging task than anticipated, as the mountain’s rock was so hard that traditional tools was 5 (adequate). Therefore, they used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they broke 6 could be removed. Once completed, the system prevented floods and made Sichuan one of China’s most productive agricultural regions by using the redirected water 7 irrigation. Now if you visit Dujiangyan, you will see an unusual construction 8 looks like a fish’s mouth. This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, 9 (design) originally to control the water flow throughout the year. Recognized as 10 UNESCO heritage site, Dujiangyan has irrigated farms while preventing floods for over 2,000 years. 【答案】 1. tracing 2. engineering 3. settlements 4. proved 5. inadequate 6. and 7. for 8. that/which 9. was designed 10. a 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了都江堰的历史与成就。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：都江堰始建于秦朝，是一个灌溉和防洪系统，是古代工程技术的杰出典范，至今仍在使用。空处为非谓语动词作定语，Dujiangyan与trace back to之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填tracing。 2. 考查名词。句意同上。空处为名词作定语修饰名词skill，表示“工程”应用engineering。故填engineering。 3. 考查名词。句意：战国时期，沿河的定居点经常遭受洪水破坏。空处为名词作主语，settle的名词形式settlement“定居点”符合题意，为可数名词，根据“along the river”及“suffered from constant flood destruction”可知，此处指河流沿岸的多个定居点，故用复数settlements。故填settlements。 4. 考查时态。句意：然而，事实证明，开凿这条水道比预期的要困难得多，因为山上的岩石太硬，传统工具不够用。空处为谓语动词，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时，prove的过去式为proved。故填proved。 5. 考查形容词。句意同上。空处为形容词作表语，根据“the mountain’s rock was so hard” 可知，岩石坚硬导致传统工具“不够用”，表示“不足的”应用inadequate。故填inadequate。 6. 考查连词。句意：因此，他们用火和水结合的方法来加热和冷却岩石，直到岩石破裂并被移走。broke和could be removed为两个并列的动作，用and连接，表示“岩石破裂并被移走”，体现动作的顺承关系。故填and。 7. 考查介词。句意：一建成，该系统就通过使用重新定向的水进行灌溉，防止了洪水，并使四川成为中国生产力最高的农业地区之一。use sth. for sth.为固定结构，意为“将某物用于……”。故填for。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：现在，如果你参观都江堰，你会看到一个看起来像鱼嘴的不寻常的建筑。空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词construction指物，使用that或者which。故填that/which。 9. 考查时态和语态。句意：这个著名的景点鱼嘴，连同另外两个重要的部分，即飞沙堰和宝瓶口，最初是为了控制全年的水流而设计的。空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语originally可知，此处使用一般过去时，design与主语This famous attraction之间为被动关系，且主语为单数名词，所以be动词使用was。故填was designed。 10. 考查冠词。句意：都江堰被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，2000多年来一直在灌溉农田，同时防止洪水泛滥。此处泛指“一个联合国教科文组织遗产地”，所以使用不定冠词，UNESCO为辅音音素开头的单词，所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$