专题12 Unit5 Languages Around the World语法、写作篇-【初升高】2025年新高一英语暑期衔接讲义（人教版2019）

Unit5 Languages Around the World语法、写作篇 ( 语法精讲 ) 限制性定语从句（Ⅱ）——关系副词和"介词+关系代词" 一．关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when引导定语从句的用法 when引导定 语从句 常见先行词 关系词when的 作用 替换词语 表示时间的名词（time、day、year、 month、week等） 在从句中作时 间状语 介词 +which Winter is the time of year when（=in which） the day is short while the night is long.冬天是一年中昼短夜长的时候。 She is looking forward to the day when （=on which） her daughter wins a gold medal at the Olympics.她盼望着她的女儿在奥运会上赢得金牌的那一天。 注意 如何选择表示时间的名词后的定语从句的关系词: 先行词 关系词 判断标准 表示时间的名 词 when 关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语 which/that 关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 Do you still remember the days （that/which） we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语） Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作时间状语） Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years our children were little. 【解析】句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在我们的孩子还小的时候。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the early years，且空处在从句中作时间状语，故填when。 2.where引导定语从句的用法 where引导 定语从句 常见先行词 关系词where 的作用 替换词 语 表示具体地点的名词（place、room 等） 在从句中作地点状语 介词+which 表示抽象地点的名词（case、condition、 point、situation、state等） This is the hotel where （=in which） they stayed.这就是他们待过的那个旅馆。 注意 当先行词为表示地点的名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。 His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.他的父亲在一家制造收音机零件的工厂里工作。 where引导的定语从句和状语从句 （1）where引导定语从句时，为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，where可以换成"介词+which"结构。where引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。 Is there a shop around. .where （=in which） we can buy some fruit?附近有我们可以买些水果的商店吗？ （2）where引导状语从句时，为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，where不能换成"介词+which"结构。where引导的地点状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 Where I live there are plenty of sheep.我住的地方绵羊很多。 We should go where we are needed.我们应该到需要我们的地方去。 1.A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks _______ tiny creatures lived. 【解析】句意：例如，一条污浊的小溪流经植物和生活着微小生物的岩石后，往往变得清澈。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导定语从句，修饰rocks，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 2.Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods _______ fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. 【解析】句意：Jaramillo的学生住的社区里不容易找到新鲜食物和绿地，且快餐店的数量比杂货店多。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词neighborhoods，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 3.However, Molai went looking on his own and discovered a nearby island _______ he began to plant trees. 【解析】句意：然而，Molai自己去寻找，发现了附近的一个岛，并开始在那里种树。分析句子结构可知，定语从句" ___ he began to plant trees"修饰a nearby island，且从句中缺少地点状语，因此用where引导。 3.why引导定语从句的用法 （1）当先行词是表示原因的名词reason,且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。 （2）why可以用for which 来代替。 This is the reason why （=for which） he left in a hurry. 这就是他匆匆离去的原因。 注意 reason后的从句 1.定语从句 （1）the reason why...（why引导定语从句，why在从句中作原因状语，why=for which） The reason why Peter failed was his laziness. 彼得失败的原因是他的懒惰。 （2）the reason that/which...（that/which引导定语从句，that/which在定语从句中作主语或宾语） I don't want to hear any reason （that/which） you might give. 我不想听你所给的任何理由。 2.同位语从句 the reason that...（that引导同位语从句，解释reason的内容，在同位语从句中不作成分） The reason that the car broke down doesn't hold water. 车子坏了这一原因是站不住脚的。 1.There are several reasons school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，定语从句 " ___ school uniforms are a good idea" 修饰先行词reasons，且空处在从句中作原因状语，故用关系副词why。 2.However, there are a number of other reasons ___________ might explain why you want to garden. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为other reasons，从句中缺少主语，故填that/which。 二．"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句 1.关系代词的选择 "介词+关系代词"既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that;先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。 This is the student. .for whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。 This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。 The film in which he played the leading role was a great success.（一件非常成功的事）他主演的那部电影非常成功。 2.介词的选择 （1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。 Is this the car. .for which you paid a high price? 这就是你花高价买的那辆车吗?（pay… for sth.） （2）根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。 He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。（be satisfied with） （3）根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。 Can you tell me the way in which the machine works?你能告诉我这台机器的工作原理吗？（in...way） I can't remember the age at which he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。（at...age） （4）根据句子的意思来确定介词。当定语从句中的谓语动词或主要形容词与介词不能构成固定搭配时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思来选择介词。 This kind of colorless gas without which we can't live is called oxygen.这种无色气体被称作氧气,没有它我们就不能生存。 3.介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）。 这是你要的那本书。 This is the book for which you asked. This is the book （which/that） you asked for. 注意 有些固定的短语动词一般不能拆开，介词一般只能放在动词的后面。常用的不可拆开的动词短语有care for（喜欢，关心）；deal with（处理，对付，处置）；get through（渡过难关）；hear from（收到……的来信）；look after（照顾）；send for（派人去请）；see to（办理，料理）等。 4.在"介词+关系代词"结构中，介词也可以是短语介词，如by means of、because of、at the foot of、at the back of、in front of、on the top of等。若短语介词表示位置，则定语从句往往用倒装语序。 Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other. 声音是人们互相交流的工具。 They stayed in a big hotel in front of which was a garden.他们住在一家大旅馆里，旅馆前面是一个花园。 I am talking to a teacher in the classroom at the back of which stands a book shelf with all kinds of books.我正和一位老师在教室里谈话，教室的后面放着一个书架，书架上有各种类型的书。 1.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ______ which we can learn without repeating them. 【解析】句意：William Hastie曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习，不必重蹈覆辙。 分析句子结构可知，" __ which...them"为定语从句，which指代先行词past mistakes，故结合句意可知，空处缺少介词。learn from... "从……中学习"是固定搭配，故应用介词from。 2.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere which they are dining. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，定语从句" ___ which they are dining"修饰the atmosphere，" ___ which"在从句中作地点状语，因此用in which引导。 ( 综合训练 ) 一． 语法填空 1.Living abroad may often make us feel lonely as our native land is the place _______ our heart should be. 2.The Spring Festival is a special time ______ the whole family are supposed to get together. 3.These new neighbors, to _______ I was introduced yesterday, have come here from Singapore. 4.This special building is a place___ which theatre is made and _______ children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity（机会） to do creative things. 5.As for the reason _____ I like Chengdu best, it must be the slow pace of life. 6.Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces（梯田） still mean a lot to the local people whom traditions are of great value（of value=valuable）. 7.The chair which you spent 500 yuan is made of stone. 8.He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident. 9.The professor always spends the whole day in the bookshop which he found a new dictionary. 10.Is this the reason ___________ he gave at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 1.where 2.when 3.whom 4.where 5.why 6.to 7.on 8.where 9.in/at 10.which/that 二.单元语法专练 用关系副词或“介词+关系代词”填空 1.I still remember the day　　　　/　　　　 　　　　I first met Jennifer.  2.I'd like to join the music club　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 I can sing in a band and play the guitar.  3.They consider the summer vacation as a time　　　　/　　　　　　　 relaxing and having fun are a necessary part.  4.We have come to a point　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 it is difficult to reach an agreement.  5.One of the reasons　　　　/　　　　 　　　　he was refused in the interview was that he spoke broken English.  6.He gets into a situation　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 it is hard to decide what is right.  7.The firefighter 　　　　 　　　　you just shook hands had rescued many people.   8.He bought a telescope　　　　 　　　　he could study the sky.  9.The woman　　　　 　　　　I turned for help just now is my English teacher.  10.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes　　　　 　　　　we can learn without repeating them. 1.when;on which　将先行词代入从句后为I first met Jennifer on the day。 2.where;in which　将先行词代入从句后为I can sing in a band and play the guitar in the music club。 3.when;in/during which　将先行词代入从句后为relaxing and having fun are a necessary part in/during the time。 4.where/when;at which　将先行词代入从句后为it is difficult to reach an agreement at the point。 5.why;for which　将先行词代入从句后为he was refused in the interview for one of the reasons。 6.where;in which　将先行词代入从句后为it is hard to decide what is right in the situation。 7.with whom　将先行词代入从句后为you just shook hands with the firefighter。 8.with/through which　将先行词代入从句后为he could study the sky with/through the telescope。 9.to whom　将先行词代入从句后为I turned to the woman for help just now。 10.from which　将先行词代入从句后为we can learn from past mistakes without repeating them。 三．用关系副词或"介词+关系代词"将下列每对句子合并成一个句子 1.I joined the organization on that day. I will never forget the day. _________________________________________________________________ 2.Great changes have taken place（"发生"，不用于被动语态） in the factory. We are working in the factory. 3.They went to a mountain. At the foot of the mountain was a beautiful village. ___________________________________________________________________ 4.She refused the offer. I'd like to know the reason. _____________________________________________________________ 5.Later, I wrote a letter of thanks to the gentleman. I got lots of help from him. _________________________________________________________________________ 1.I will never forget the day when/on which I joined the organization. 2.Great changes have taken place in the factory where/in which we are working. 3.They went to a mountain at the foot of which was a beautiful village. 4.I'd like to know the reason why/for which she refused the offer. 5.Later, I wrote a letter of thanks to the gentleman from whom I got lots of help. ( 写作精讲 ) "问题—建议"类博客的写作 博客以与读者互动为特色，是人们交流学习的一种重要工具。"问题—建议"类博客的写作主要包括两部分内容，即提出问题和解决问题。 提出问题前的问候语很常见，如Hi/Hello，everybody/everyone。阐述问题要简洁清晰、直截了当，不要拐弯抹角。 回复他人的博客帮助他人解决问题时，分析问题要有条理，逻辑清晰。提出建议时可以从自身经历出发，也可以从客观的角度给出解决方法。注意语气要委婉、中肯，这样易于得到对方的认可。 在实际应用中，"问题—建议"类博客的写作也以求助信和建议信的形式出现。 常用表达 一、提出问题 1.My biggest problem is ... 2.I have trouble/difficulty in ... and I couldn't simply ... 3.... is a big difficulty for me, which makes me unable to ... 4.I have no idea how to ..., which is a big headache when ... 5.I have great trouble in ..., which has bothered me a lot for a long time. 二、解决问题 1.It's important to ... 2.A good way to... is ... 3.I have been... and this indeed works for me when... 4.You might try to..., which helps you improve your... 5.You can enjoy ... so that you can improve... 6.By ..., I have my horizons broadened and get my ... improved. 7.When it comes to..., my suggestion is that you should... 8.You should..., which is of vital importance to English learning. 9.My hard work pays off, and I am quite proud of what I have achieved/the progress I have made. 典例详析 书面表达 假设你是李华，你看到英国网友Jack在他的博客中询问如何提高中文写作技能， 请你用英语给他回帖。内容要点如下： 1.多读别人的文章； 2.多写多练； 3.不要害怕出错。 注意：1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 审题 选词 1.做……有困难have trouble doing… 2.写作技能writing skills 3.表达自己的意思express oneself 4.记日记keep a diary 5.但愿hopefully 造句 1.我听说你在提高中文写作技能方面遇到了困难。I've heard that you're having trouble improving your Chinese writing skills 2.我非常高兴能给你提一些建议。I'm more than glad to offer you some suggestions 3.提高写作技能的一个好方法是阅读别人的文章。A good way to improve the writing skills is to read other people's articles 4.这样你将了解到经验丰富的作家是如何使用汉语清楚地表达自己的意思的。By doing this, you will learn how experienced writers use Chinese to express themselves clearly 参考答案 Hi, Jack！ Hearing that you're having trouble improving your Chinese writing skills, I'm more than glad to offer you some suggestions. A good way to improve the writing skills【1】 is to read other people's articles【2】, by which you will learn how experienced writers use Chinese to express themselves clearly. Besides, it's important to improve your writing skills by practicing. Keeping a diary is a good idea. It is natural that beginners make mistakes while writing.【3】 But don't worry. You can learn more from the mistakes. Hopefully, my advice would be helpful to you. ［名师点评］本文结构严谨、清晰,要点齐全，符合题目要求。 【1】动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰way。 【2】动词不定式短语作表语。 【3】此处是"It is+adj.+that..."句式，其中It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主 语。while writing是"连词+现在分词"结构，是while they are writing的省略形式。 ( 随堂精练 ) 一 假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，你在英语角认识的泰国朋友Tim羡慕你口语流利，发邮件向你请教如何提升英语口语。请你根据以下要点给他一些建议。 1.增加词汇量； 2.寻找练口语的学习伙伴； 3.用英语思考。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Hi, Tim! I'm glad to recommend several means of improving spoken English to you. First of all, vocabulary plays a major part in learning English. In order to enrich your vocabulary, I suggest you read more English books and news that you are interested in. Secondly, a study partner will help you speak out and correct your pronunciation. Finally, it's also useful to think in English in daily life. For example, you can think of the English words of what you see. Hope these suggestions can help you! 二 　　假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Mike来信说中国书法很难学。就此请你用英语给他写一封回信,主要内容包括: 1.学习书法的意义; 2.练习书法的技巧; 3.给他鼓励和信心。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。 参考词汇:writing brush毛笔 Dear Mike, 　　Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua Dear Mike,  I'm sorry to know that you are having trouble with the study of Chinese calligraphy. I'm writing to tell you something about it. In fact, you are not alone. As it is demanding, even many Chinese feel it hard to write with a writing brush. Despite this, it is very important to learn the artistic handwriting of Chinese characters. Learning Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in learning about Chinese culture and history. No matter who you are, if you want to be a master, first you have to be patient. And second, stick to practice. The more you practice,the greater progress you will make. Believe in yourself and you can make it. Best wishes!  Yours, Li Hua  三 假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Tom将在寒假期间来中国交流学习。他学了两年中文,但仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难,写信向你求助。请你用英语给Tom回信,内容包括: 1.宽慰对方;2.提出建议;3.期待收获。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, I feel sorry to learn that you are concerned about communicating in Chinese, so I'm writing to offer you some suggestions. Knowing that speaking a foreign language requires courage, you're supposed to take it easy and never shy away from your confusion. Besides, proper gestures allow smoother communication, which can generally show your ideas together with what you say. I do hope my proposal could be practical and I believe you'll gain a lot from your exchange study in China. Wish you good luck. Yours, Li Hua 1.重点词汇 ①be concerned about...对……担忧　②be supposed to do sth.应该做某事　③proposal n.建议 2.亮点句型 ①Besides, proper gestures allow smoother communication, which can generally show your ideas together with what you say.(which引导非限制性定语从句;what引导together with后的宾语从句)此外,适当的手势可以让沟通更顺畅,它们通常可以和你所说的话一起表明你的想法。  ②I do hope my proposal could be practical and I believe you'll gain a lot from your exchange study in China.(对谓语动词进行强调)我真的希望我的建议是切实可行的,我相信你会从在中国的交流学习中收获良多。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit5 Languages Around the World语法、写作篇 ( 语法精讲 ) 限制性定语从句（Ⅱ）——关系副词和"介词+关系代词" 一．关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when引导定语从句的用法 when引导定 语从句 常见先行词 关系词when的 作用 替换词语 表示时间的名词（time、day、year、 month、week等） 在从句中作时 间状语 介词 +which Winter is the time of year when（=in which） the day is short while the night is long.冬天是一年中昼短夜长的时候。 She is looking forward to the day when （=on which） her daughter wins a gold medal at the Olympics.她盼望着她的女儿在奥运会上赢得金牌的那一天。 注意 如何选择表示时间的名词后的定语从句的关系词: 先行词 关系词 判断标准 表示时间的名 词 when 关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语 which/that 关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 Do you still remember the days （that/which） we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语） Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作时间状语） Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years our children were little. 【解析】句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在我们的孩子还小的时候。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the early years，且空处在从句中作时间状语，故填when。 2.where引导定语从句的用法 where引导 定语从句 常见先行词 关系词where 的作用 替换词 语 表示具体地点的名词（place、room 等） 在从句中作地点状语 介词+which 表示抽象地点的名词（case、condition、 point、situation、state等） This is the hotel where （=in which） they stayed.这就是他们待过的那个旅馆。 注意 当先行词为表示地点的名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。 His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.他的父亲在一家制造收音机零件的工厂里工作。 where引导的定语从句和状语从句 （1）where引导定语从句时，为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，where可以换成"介词+which"结构。where引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。 Is there a shop around. .where （=in which） we can buy some fruit?附近有我们可以买些水果的商店吗？ （2）where引导状语从句时，为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，where不能换成"介词+which"结构。where引导的地点状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 Where I live there are plenty of sheep.我住的地方绵羊很多。 We should go where we are needed.我们应该到需要我们的地方去。 1.A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks _______ tiny creatures lived. 2.Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods _______ fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. 3.However, Molai went looking on his own and discovered a nearby island _______ he began to plant trees. 3.why引导定语从句的用法 （1）当先行词是表示原因的名词reason,且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。 （2）why可以用for which 来代替。 This is the reason why （=for which） he left in a hurry. 这就是他匆匆离去的原因。 注意 reason后的从句 1.定语从句 （1）the reason why...（why引导定语从句，why在从句中作原因状语，why=for which） The reason why Peter failed was his laziness. 彼得失败的原因是他的懒惰。 （2）the reason that/which...（that/which引导定语从句，that/which在定语从句中作主语或宾语） I don't want to hear any reason （that/which） you might give. 我不想听你所给的任何理由。 2.同位语从句 the reason that...（that引导同位语从句，解释reason的内容，在同位语从句中不作成分） The reason that the car broke down doesn't hold water. 车子坏了这一原因是站不住脚的。 1.There are several reasons school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. 2.However, there are a number of other reasons ___________ might explain why you want to garden. 二．"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句 1.关系代词的选择 "介词+关系代词"既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that;先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。 This is the student. .for whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。 This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。 The film in which he played the leading role was a great success.（一件非常成功的事）他主演的那部电影非常成功。 2.介词的选择 （1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。 Is this the car. .for which you paid a high price? 这就是你花高价买的那辆车吗?（pay… for sth.） （2）根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。 He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。（be satisfied with） （3）根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。 Can you tell me the way in which the machine works?你能告诉我这台机器的工作原理吗？（in...way） I can't remember the age at which he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。（at...age） （4）根据句子的意思来确定介词。当定语从句中的谓语动词或主要形容词与介词不能构成固定搭配时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思来选择介词。 This kind of colorless gas without which we can't live is called oxygen.这种无色气体被称作氧气,没有它我们就不能生存。 3.介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）。 这是你要的那本书。 This is the book for which you asked. This is the book （which/that） you asked for. 注意 有些固定的短语动词一般不能拆开，介词一般只能放在动词的后面。常用的不可拆开的动词短语有care for（喜欢，关心）；deal with（处理，对付，处置）；get through（渡过难关）；hear from（收到……的来信）；look after（照顾）；send for（派人去请）；see to（办理，料理）等。 4.在"介词+关系代词"结构中，介词也可以是短语介词，如by means of、because of、at the foot of、at the back of、in front of、on the top of等。若短语介词表示位置，则定语从句往往用倒装语序。 Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other. 声音是人们互相交流的工具。 They stayed in a big hotel in front of which was a garden.他们住在一家大旅馆里，旅馆前面是一个花园。 I am talking to a teacher in the classroom at the back of which stands a book shelf with all kinds of books.我正和一位老师在教室里谈话，教室的后面放着一个书架，书架上有各种类型的书。 1.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ______ which we can learn without repeating them. 2.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere which they are dining. ( 综合训练 ) 一． 语法填空 1.Living abroad may often make us feel lonely as our native land is the place _______ our heart should be. 2.The Spring Festival is a special time ______ the whole family are supposed to get together. 3.These new neighbors, to _______ I was introduced yesterday, have come here from Singapore. 4.This special building is a place___ which theatre is made and _______ children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity（机会） to do creative things. 5.As for the reason _____ I like Chengdu best, it must be the slow pace of life. 6.Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces（梯田） still mean a lot to the local people whom traditions are of great value（of value=valuable）. 7.The chair which you spent 500 yuan is made of stone. 8.He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident. 9.The professor always spends the whole day in the bookshop which he found a new dictionary. 10.Is this the reason ___________ he gave at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 二.单元语法专练 用关系副词或“介词+关系代词”填空 1.I still remember the day　　　　/　　　　 　　　　I first met Jennifer.  2.I'd like to join the music club　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 I can sing in a band and play the guitar.  3.They consider the summer vacation as a time　　　　/　　　　　　　 relaxing and having fun are a necessary part.  4.We have come to a point　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 it is difficult to reach an agreement.  5.One of the reasons　　　　/　　　　 　　　　he was refused in the interview was that he spoke broken English.  6.He gets into a situation　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 it is hard to decide what is right.  7.The firefighter 　　　　 　　　　you just shook hands had rescued many people.   8.He bought a telescope　　　　 　　　　he could study the sky.  9.The woman　　　　 　　　　I turned for help just now is my English teacher.  10.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes　　　　 　　　　we can learn without repeating them. 三．用关系副词或"介词+关系代词"将下列每对句子合并成一个句子 1.I joined the organization on that day. I will never forget the day. _________________________________________________________________ 2.Great changes have taken place（"发生"，不用于被动语态） in the factory. We are working in the factory. 3.They went to a mountain. At the foot of the mountain was a beautiful village. ___________________________________________________________________ 4.She refused the offer. I'd like to know the reason. _____________________________________________________________ 5.Later, I wrote a letter of thanks to the gentleman. I got lots of help from him. _________________________________________________________________________ ( 写作精讲 ) "问题—建议"类博客的写作 博客以与读者互动为特色，是人们交流学习的一种重要工具。"问题—建议"类博客的写作主要包括两部分内容，即提出问题和解决问题。 提出问题前的问候语很常见，如Hi/Hello，everybody/everyone。阐述问题要简洁清晰、直截了当，不要拐弯抹角。 回复他人的博客帮助他人解决问题时，分析问题要有条理，逻辑清晰。提出建议时可以从自身经历出发，也可以从客观的角度给出解决方法。注意语气要委婉、中肯，这样易于得到对方的认可。 在实际应用中，"问题—建议"类博客的写作也以求助信和建议信的形式出现。 常用表达 一、提出问题 1.My biggest problem is ... 2.I have trouble/difficulty in ... and I couldn't simply ... 3.... is a big difficulty for me, which makes me unable to ... 4.I have no idea how to ..., which is a big headache when ... 5.I have great trouble in ..., which has bothered me a lot for a long time. 二、解决问题 1.It's important to ... 2.A good way to... is ... 3.I have been... and this indeed works for me when... 4.You might try to..., which helps you improve your... 5.You can enjoy ... so that you can improve... 6.By ..., I have my horizons broadened and get my ... improved. 7.When it comes to..., my suggestion is that you should... 8.You should..., which is of vital importance to English learning. 9.My hard work pays off, and I am quite proud of what I have achieved/the progress I have made. 典例详析 书面表达 假设你是李华，你看到英国网友Jack在他的博客中询问如何提高中文写作技能， 请你用英语给他回帖。内容要点如下： 1.多读别人的文章； 2.多写多练； 3.不要害怕出错。 注意：1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 审题 选词 1.做……有困难have trouble doing… 2.写作技能writing skills 3.表达自己的意思express oneself 4.记日记keep a diary 5.但愿hopefully 造句 1.我听说你在提高中文写作技能方面遇到了困难。I've heard that you're having trouble improving your Chinese writing skills 2.我非常高兴能给你提一些建议。I'm more than glad to offer you some suggestions 3.提高写作技能的一个好方法是阅读别人的文章。A good way to improve the writing skills is to read other people's articles 4.这样你将了解到经验丰富的作家是如何使用汉语清楚地表达自己的意思的。By doing this, you will learn how experienced writers use Chinese to express themselves clearly 参考答案 Hi, Jack！ Hearing that you're having trouble improving your Chinese writing skills, I'm more than glad to offer you some suggestions. A good way to improve the writing skills【1】 is to read other people's articles【2】, by which you will learn how experienced writers use Chinese to express themselves clearly. Besides, it's important to improve your writing skills by practicing. Keeping a diary is a good idea. It is natural that beginners make mistakes while writing.【3】 But don't worry. You can learn more from the mistakes. Hopefully, my advice would be helpful to you. ［名师点评］本文结构严谨、清晰,要点齐全，符合题目要求。 【1】动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰way。 【2】动词不定式短语作表语。 【3】此处是"It is+adj.+that..."句式，其中It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主 语。while writing是"连词+现在分词"结构，是while they are writing的省略形式。 ( 随堂精练 ) 一 假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，你在英语角认识的泰国朋友Tim羡慕你口语流利，发邮件向你请教如何提升英语口语。请你根据以下要点给他一些建议。 1.增加词汇量； 2.寻找练口语的学习伙伴； 3.用英语思考。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 二 　　假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Mike来信说中国书法很难学。就此请你用英语给他写一封回信,主要内容包括: 1.学习书法的意义; 2.练习书法的技巧; 3.给他鼓励和信心。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。 参考词汇:writing brush毛笔 Dear Mike, 　　Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 三 假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Tom将在寒假期间来中国交流学习。他学了两年中文,但仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难,写信向你求助。请你用英语给Tom回信,内容包括: 1.宽慰对方;2.提出建议;3.期待收获。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$