专题07 Unit3 Sports and Fitness 课文篇-【初升高】2025年新高一英语暑期衔接讲义（人教版2019）

Unit3 Sports and Fitness 课文篇 Listening and Speaking ( 单词学习1 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.athlete /ˈæθli:t/ n.运动员；擅长运动的人 athletic /æθˈletɪk/ adj.健壮的 2.make predictions/make a prediction作出预言/预测 3.relate vt.使有联系 relate…to… 把……和……联系起来 4.living legends 活着的传奇人物 legend /ˈledʒənd/ n.传奇人物；传说，传奇故事 5.master /ˈmɑ:stə（r）/ n.高手；主人vt. 精通；掌握 6.set an example for/ to sb.为某人树立榜样 拓展 take…for example以……为例 follow one's example以某人为榜样，仿效某人 7.honour /ˈɒnə（r）/ n.荣誉；尊敬；［sing.］荣幸 8.glory /ˈlɔ:ri/ n.荣誉；光荣;赞美 派生词 glorious adj.光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的 9.medal /ˈmedl/ n.奖章，勋章 10.world championships 世界锦标赛 championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/ n.锦标赛，冠军赛 champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n.冠军，优胜者 11.determination /dɪˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn/ n.［U］决心；决定 12.fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 apart /əˈpɑ:t/ adv.分离；分开；成碎片 13.injure /ˈɪndʒə（r）/ vt. 使受伤；损害 14.team captain 队长 captain /ˈkæptɪn/ n.队长；船长；机长 15.lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 详见P137 16.face difficulties/problems/challenges面临困难/问题/挑战 17.stand still 保持静止 18.graceful /ˈreɪsfl/ adj. 优美的；优雅的 19.mental strength精神力量 strength /streŋθ/ n.［U，sing.］ 意志力量,毅力 20.the secret to… ……的秘诀 21.failure /ˈfeɪljə（r）/ n.失败的人（或事物）；失败 ( 课文解析 ) 活传奇 来帮助我们选出"体育界的活传奇"吧。他们必须是所在运动项目上的大师，并且是他人学习的楷模。以下是我们首批遴选出的两位传奇人物。 郎平 作为一名运动员，郎平为她的祖国赢得了诸多荣誉。作为一名教练，她带领中国女子排球队在世界锦标赛和奥运会赛场上屡获殊荣。作为个人，郎平深受国内外球迷的喜爱。当中国队备战2015年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。由郎平一手打造的团队处于崩溃的边缘。最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题离队。损失两大主力队员是个巨大的挑战， 但是郎平没有气馁。她曾面临过各种困难，她知道只要她这些年轻的球员们齐心协力，就能获胜。两周之后，她们真成了世界冠军!紧接着在2016年，郎平又带领她的球队在巴西勇夺奥运金牌。 迈克尔·乔丹 当迈克尔·乔丹双脚离地的那一瞬间，时间似乎都凝固了。这位被称为"飞人乔丹"的球员用他那优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球运动。乔丹的球技令人赞叹，然而他所展示的精神力量使他成为一名独一无二的球星。在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到制胜的方法。乔丹说，他的成功秘诀在于吸取失败的教训。"我可以接受失败，每个人都会遭遇失败;但我决不能接受不去尝试。"赛场上的失利教会他要更加努力地训练和决不放弃。在生活中，乔丹学会了与他人分享自己的成功。他在芝加哥创建的"男孩女孩俱乐部"，从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 请将你推荐的"体育界的活传奇"发送至LLS@sports.net。 ( 知识解析 ) 1 come along 教材语境Would you like to come along?你想一起去吗？ 用法详解 If you like playing football, come along with us and let's start right now.如果你喜欢踢足球，现在就和我们一起去踢球吧。 I am ready to volunteer for the sports meet when the chance comes along. 一旦有机会，我随时准备为运动会做志愿工作。 Thanks again to your advice. My English has come along a lot so far. 再次感谢你的建议，到目前为止我已在英语方面取得了很大进步。（应用文写作之感谢信） come构成的其他短语： 用come的相关短语完成下面内容 1.Yesterday when I was walking in the street,I____________ Tom; he_________ to me and told me that his dream to be a writer would ___________, since his book would __________ the next month. He happily invited me for a drink and asked me if I would like to____________. 2.—Tom and I will go hiking this Sunday. Do you want to ____________________? —Not really. I may stay at home to have a rest. 2 work out 教材语境Gym Class: Come and work out at a gym! 健身课：来健身房锻炼吧！ 用法详解 短语 含义 work out 不及物短语动词 锻炼身体，做运动 ［拓展］workout n.［C］锻炼 成功地发展 及物短语动词 找到……的答案，解决 计算，算出 思考，计划 I go to the gym and work out once a week.我一周去健身房锻炼一次。 Due to careful preparations, things have worked out quite well for us.由于精心的准备，事情对我们来说进展得很顺利。 Though the problem is very difficult, they managed to work it out finally.尽管这个问题很难，他们最终还是设法解决了。 If you work out the cost of the holiday, please tell me.你如果算出假期的费用，请告诉我。 I would appreciate it if（写作常用表达） you would help me work out a plan for my study.如果你能帮我制订一份学习计划，我将不胜感激。 3 make it 教材语境You can make it! 你可以做到！ 用法详解 短语 含义 用法 make it 获得成功 / 能够出席（或到场） 后接宾语（宾语常是表示地点的名词）时需加介词to （尤指在困难情况下）准时到达，赶上 常与"to+地点"连用 幸免于难，渡过难关 后接宾语时需加介词through As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you will make it.你只要有梦想，不断努力，就会成功。 I'm sorry I didn't make it to. .your party last night.我很抱歉昨晚没能参加你的聚会。 The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we will never make it to the airport. 再过二十分钟飞机就起飞了，我们无论如何也不能准时到达机场。 I couldn't have made it through the week without the support of my family. 没有我家人的支持，我是不可能熬过那个星期的。 4 honour（honor） 教材语境 As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. 作为一名运动员，郎平为她的祖 国赢得了诸多荣誉。 用法详解 （1）n.［U］荣誉；尊敬，尊重；［sing.］荣幸，光荣 have the honour of （doing） sth（=have the honour to do sth.）.得到……殊荣,有幸（做）…… It's an honour （for sb.） to do sth（=It's sb.'s honour to do sth.）.（对某人来说）做某事很荣幸。 in honour of sb.（=in sb.'s honour）为向某人表示敬意；为纪念某人 an honour to sb./sth.某人/某物的光荣 May I. .have the honour of dancing. .with you? 我是否有幸与您跳一支舞呢？ It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home. 能够看到大熊猫项目的发展并看着大熊猫在新的住处安顿下来是一种荣幸。 （2）vt.尊敬，尊重；给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）；使感到荣幸 honour sb.with sth.某事使某人感到荣幸；授予某人荣誉 be/feel honoured to do sth.因做某事而感到荣幸 Mr Smith, you honoured us with your presence. 史密斯先生，您的莅临是我们的荣幸。 We're honored to have Emma Wilson here. Emma is a health expert and lecturer from UBC, the University of British Columbia. 我们很荣幸邀请到艾玛·威尔逊。艾玛是英属哥伦比亚大学的健康专家和讲师。 1.The museum hosted an exhibition ___ honour of the artist's contributions to the art world. 2.Tu Youyou was honoured ______ the Nobel Prize on Oct. 5, 2015. 3.The man born with disability became the winner of the competition, which was very ____________（honour）. 5 determination 教材语境... her determination was tested.……她的决心受到了考验。 用法详解 determination n.［U］决心，果断，坚定 with determination顽强地,有决心地 the determination to do sth. 做某事的决心 With strong determination, I can overcome any difficulty in my life. 只要有坚定的决心，我就能克服生活中遇到的任何困难。 A good student always has the determination to solve all questions in his study.一名优秀的学生总是有决心解决他在学习中遇到的所有问题。 相关词语积累： 1.As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong ______________（determine）. 2.____________（determine） to be stronger,I take part in many physical activities. 3.My sister Lily has determined ______（go） to Peking University. She is a ___________ （determine） girl. Once she has determined _________ something， she will make her dream come true with great ______________（determine）． 6 injure 教材语境One of the best players had been injured... 最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了…… 用法详解 injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害（名誉、自尊等） injure sb./oneself使某人/自己受伤 be/get badly/seriously injured 严重受伤 injure one's pride/feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感 Barry was badly injured when he was cycling along the valley. 沿着山谷骑自行车时，巴里受了重伤。 相关词语积累： 语境申记 Jack injured his leg when he was playing basketball yesterday. The doctor said that his injury was very serious. 杰克昨天打篮球时伤了腿。医生说他的伤势很严重。 1.Hearing that you _____________（injure） in the football match, I am worried about you. 2.The injured in the earthquake __________（send） to the nearest hospital yesterday. 3.Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running， research shows， while most likely contributing to（促成，造成） fewer ________（injury）. 7 lose heart 教材语境...but Lang Ping did not lose heart. ……但是郎平没有气馁。 用法详解 lose heart（heart不能加-s，其前也不能加冠词a或the。） 为固定搭配，意为"丧失信心，泄气"。 Even though your research appears to be at a dead end（僵局,死胡同） now, you shouldn't lose heart but keep on trying. 即使你们的研究现在似乎陷入了僵局，你们还是不应该泄气，而要继续尝试下去。 heart构成的其他短语： 语境串记 When he was a child, he lost his heart to writing poems. Though he had put his heart into it for many years, it seemed as if nothing had been achieved. However, he would never lose heart. 他还是个孩子时就爱上了写诗。尽管多年来他全心地投入到诗歌创作中，但看起来似乎一无所成。然而，他永远不会灰心。 用heart的相关短语完成句子 1.Adam __________________ the wildlife research, and finally, his effort earned him international respect. 2.Don't ___________! Keep moving, and you can make it. 3.My sincere appreciation（感谢） is beyond description. _______________________________, I do thank you for helping me with my written English. 8 strength 教材语境...but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.……然而他所展示的精神力量使他成为一名独一无二的球星。 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 strength n.［U, sing.］意志力量，毅力;体力，力气，力量 build up one's strength增强体力 n.［C］优点，优势，长处 strengths and weaknesses强项和弱项/优势和劣势/长处和短处 I think you have to find an inner strength in order to feel good about yourself.我觉得只有找到内心的力量才能有自信。 Practising Chinese kung fu not only builds up one's strength, but also develops one's character. 练中国功夫不但能增强体力，还能培养一个人的性格。 Each player has to play to their strengths and understand what they can do to help the team win.每个队员都必须发挥自己的优势，了解自己能做些什么来帮助队伍获胜。 相关词语积累： 1.语法填空 The exchange student program not only broadens my horizons, but also ____________（strength） my confidence. 2.完成句子 1.鼓励学生参加体育运动以增强体力。 Students are encouraged to take part in sports to _______________________. 2.为了让团队表现得更好，教练要了解团队成员的优势和劣势。 To make a team perform better, the coach has to know the members' _________________________. 9 failure 教材语境Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures. 乔丹说，他的成功秘诀在于吸取失败的教训。 用法详解 （1）n.［C］失败的人或事；［U］失败 The art show was far from being a failure; it was a great success（均为可数名词，指事物。）.这次艺术展览不但没有失败，反而是一个巨大的成功。 The boy's failure in the competition yesterday resulted from his laziness.那个男孩在昨天比赛中的失败是他的懒惰造成的。 （2）n. ［U, C］ 未做，未履行（应做之事） failure to do sth.未做某事 His failure to return her phone call made her realize that something was wrong. 他没给她回电话，这使她觉得有什么事情不对头。 （3）n.［U, C］ 故障；失灵 heart/liver failure 心脏/肝衰竭 the power/engine failure 停电/发动机故障 failure in...在……方面出故障 相关知识积累： 英语中有一类名词表示抽象意义时一般为不可数名词，但被赋予具体含义后，可看作可数名词，表示"……的人或事"。常见的这类名词还有： 抽象名词（不可数） 具体化后（可数） comfort 安慰；舒适 a comfort 令人感到安慰的人（或事物） surprise 惊奇 a surprise 意想不到（或突然）的事 success 成功，胜利 a success 成功的人或成功的事 pleasure 愉快，快乐 a pleasure 一件乐事 experience 经验 an experience 一次经历/体验 difficulty 困难 a difficulty 一件难事 1.—I never expected the experiment would be ________ failure. —Nor did I. The result came as________complete surprise. A.a; a B.不填；a C.a; the D.不填；the 2.语法填空 A quick review of successes and________（fail） at the end of year will help shape your year ahead. 10 give up 教材语境 Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up. 赛场上的失利教会他要更加努力地训练和决不放弃。 用法详解 Failure doesn't mean you should give up; it does mean you must try harder.失败并不意味着你应该认输，它只是意味着你必须加倍努力。 Jean realized she was wrong and gave up the argument.琼意识到她错了，便停止了争论。 I would always give up my seat to an elderly person on the bus.我在公共汽车上总是给老人让座。 give构成的其他短语： 用give的相关短语完成句子 1.You will never realize your dream if you just choose to ________ every time you meet difficulty. 2.Sara wouldn't ___________ any details of the plan, for she promised to keep it secret. 3.At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he ________ as she was so confident about her skills. 4.The wood _________ a sweet smell as it burns. 5.The eggs _________, and we had to eat cereal（麦片） for breakfast for the rest of the camping trip. 11 现在完成进行时 教材语境The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. 他在芝加哥创建的"男孩女孩俱乐部"，从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： The Boys and Girls Club . .which he started in Chicago 定语从句 has been helping young people since 1996. 现在完成进行时 用法详解 现在完成 进行时 构成 have/has+been+动词-ing 用法 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去。此时，谓语动词为延续性动词。 表示重复（指断断续续，而非一直不停）。 带有一定的感情色彩。 Where have you been? I've been looking for you everywhere. 你去哪儿了？我一直在到处找你。 We've been discussing the matter several times this year.我们今年已数次讨论过那件事。 My mom has been saying that twenty times. 那话我妈已经说了20遍了。（不耐烦） 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别： 现在完成时 表示动作已完成，强调对现在的影响或产生的结果。 现在完成进行时 表示动作一直在进行，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去，强调动作的持续性。 1.—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks. It's because I ____________________（practise） a lot these days. 2.China's high-speed railways ____________（grow） from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.Kobe Bryant was one of the most popular NBA 　　　　(冠军)in history.  2.The 　　　　(运动员) of the China women's volleyball team are excellent —they are famous around the world.  3.“Merci” was the only French word that I 　　　　(掌握)when travelling in Paris.   4.China won both the gold and the silver　　　　(奖牌)of women's gymnastics all⁃around at the 18th Asian Games.  二.一词多义 1.My father works out in the gym two or three times a week.词义:　　　　   2.It took her several days to work out what caused the fire.词义:　　　  3.To my surprise, Lily worked out the answer to the math problem.词义:　　　  三.单句语法填空 1.From my point of view, 　　　　　(fail)is the mother of success.   2.The soccer player suffered terrible injuries 　　　　　his leg.  3.Steve kept track 　　　　　his business by telephone when he was in hospital.   4.When faced with choosing subjects, my deskmate chose physics with great　　　　　(determine).  5.It took Susan several weeks to regain her　　　　　(strong) after a long hike.  6.Please wear your helmet when you ride an e⁃bike. 　　　　　(sweat) is better than bleeding.  7.I wonder if John has forgotten my number. I 　　　　　(expect) him to call me for an hour.  四.选词填空 set an example; give up; make it; come along 　　My deskmate's English has 1.　　　　　　 a lot recently. That's because he studies very hard. He once told me that success belongs to the person who never 2.　　　　　　. He 3.　　　　　　 for me. I determine to try my best to improve my English, and I believe I can 4.　　　　　　.  五.完成句子 1.一些人在遇到失败时就丧失信心,而另一些人则迎接挑战。 Some people 　　　　 　　　　when they 　　　　 　　　 　　　  while others rise to the challenge.  2.莉莉没有和我们一起来,因为她说她以前看过这部影片。 Lily didn't come with us, because she said she 　　　　 　　 　  　　 　  　　　　before.  3.发表题为“做聪明的在线学习者”的演讲,我深感荣幸。(一句多译) ①I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　a speech titled “Be smart online learners”.(honour v.)  ②It　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for me 　　　　 　　　　a speech titled “Be smart online learners”.(honour n.)(2021全国乙写作)  六.课文语法填空 “Living Legends of Sports” must be athletes who are masters of their sports and also set good examples 　1　 others. Here are two of them. One is Lang Ping, a coach who led the China women's volleyball team to medals at world championships and 　2　 Olympics. Before the 2015 World Cup, she showed her strong 　3　(determine). 　4　(face)the challenge that her team was falling apart, she didn't give 　5　. And her young players worked together as a team and finally made it to the championship. She is loved by fans at home and abroad. Another living legend is Michael Jordan, 　6　 (know) as “Air Jordan”, who changed basketball with his 　7　 (grace) moves and jumps. His skills were impressive, but 　8　 made him unique was the mental strength that he showed. He always seemed to find a way to win in the final seconds of a game, and he says the secret to his success is learning from his many 　9　(fail). Jordan also started the Boys and Girls Club, which 　10　 (help) young people since 1996.  七.语法填空 Before the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, visually impaired(视力受损的) Chinese runner Liu Cuiqing put a lot of stress on 　1　(she) to do well. Finally, she made it. She won two gold medals with the help of her sighted guide Xu Donglin and brought honour and glory for China.  In 2010, she joined the national athletics team 　2　 was made up of disabled people. She had to experience countless challenges. “As 　3　 blind person, I learn things 　4　(slowly) than other people do,” she said. Sports competitions for disabled 　5　(athlete) require blind runners to be assisted by a guide. Liu met Xu in 2013 and since then, the two 　6　(train) hard together, linked by a thin rope. “To other people, this may just be an ordinary rope, but to us, it is the eye, the direction and trust. We depend 　7　 the rope to feel the turns and the distance between us. Only when she trusts me 　8　(complete) is she able to run boldly(大胆地),” Xu told CCTV.  At the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Paralympic Games, after　9　(cross) the finish line, Xu fell heavily because of a pain in his right knee.“In fact, when I was running, my leg was already so　10　(pain) that I could not feel anything. I only had one thought, which was to accompany her (Liu) to the end,” he told CCTV after the race.  ( 单词学习2 ) 1.a wellness book健康簿 wellness /ˈwelnəs/ n.［U］ 健康（=fitness） 构词法 wellness是well（adj.健康,身体好）+-ness构成的名词。 -ness为名词后缀，表示"……的性质（或状态、特点）"。由它构成的词还有sadness（悲伤）、 kindness（善良）等。 2.go positive 变得积极。go在此处为系动词，意为"变得，变成"，下文"went bananas"中的went也是此用法。positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的；有助益的 搭配 be positive about... 对……积极乐观 词链 positively（adv.积极地，肯定地）←positive（adj.）→（反义）negative（adj.消极的；有害的） 3.slim /slɪm/ adj.苗条的；单薄的（其比较级是slimmer） 4.5∶2 读作five to two，指the 5∶2 diet， 即"一周有五天正常饮食，两天（不连续）以减肥为目的控制饮食"。 5.go bananas疯狂；发疯 拓展 与水果有关的其他表达： top banana 老大，老板 the apple of sb.'s eye 掌上明珠 apples and oranges 截然不同 sour grapes 酸葡萄（表示某人表面贬低某事物，实则是嫉妒） 6.have no idea+从句 不知道…… 7.make a difference 有作用或影响 8.rather than 而不是 9.push-up /ˈpʊʃʌp/ n.［C］俯卧撑 构词法 push-up是由短语动词push up转化而来的名词。这是一种构词方式，用连字符或者连写的方式将短语动词转化为名词。类似的名词还有sit-up（仰卧起坐），clean-up（扫除）,check-up（体检，亦作checkup）等。 10.cut out停止做（或使用、食用） 11.now and then 有时；偶尔 同义 from time to time；at times；（every） once in a while 12.compare…with…把……与……比较 compare vt.比较，对比 13.be wrong with有问题，有毛病。文中指"不美"。 14.make a list of… 列一张……清单 ( 课文解析 ) 积极向上 我总是努力想让自己看起来像电视上的那些苗条女孩，尽管我明知这不可能。我十分担心我的体重，也尝试了在网上看到的每一种新的减肥饮食方案。我尝试了无脂肪、低脂肪、5∶2（轻断食法）、只吃香蕉、不吃香蕉——我也几近疯狂。 后来，我看到一篇文章，说不要问自己"我胖吗?"而应该问"我健康吗?"我没有料到一词之差会产生这么大的影响!一旦我开始考虑健康而非体重，情况就开始改变了。我不会说"我想减掉三千克"，我会说"我想在八分钟内跑完两千米"或"我希望能做30个俯卧撑"。我不再拒绝我喜爱的食物，而是在自己的三餐中增加健康的食物。我仍然能偶尔吃个汉堡，但我会加上一份沙拉或一个苹果。 最后，我不再拿自己跟女演员和模特相比，不再寻找自己的脸蛋或身材不美的地方。相反，我把对自己满意的地方罗列出来。通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更加快乐，也更加健康了。 ( 知识解析 ) 1 compete 教材语境An athlete...if he/she is competing for his/her country. 运动员如果是为他/她的国家参赛…… 用法详解 compete vi.竞争，对抗;参加比赛（或竞赛） compete with/against sb.（for…） （为……）同某人竞争 compete in…（for…） （为……）参加……比赛（或竞赛） compete to do sth.竞相做某事 Women were first allowed to compete in shooting at the Olympics in 1968. 1968年女性首次被允许参加奥运射击比赛。 相关词语积累： 语境串记 More than 10,000competitors from different countries came to Beijing to compete with each other in the competitive games for medals. 来自不同国家的一万多名参赛选手来到北京为了奖牌而在竞争激烈的比赛中相互竞争。 As the youngest ___________（compete），John will compete the writing contest____________ 30 other top students the yearly award of writing. So he must be very____________ （compete） so that he can win the ____________（compete）. 2 make sense 教材语境That doesn't make any sense! 那说不通！ 用法详解 短语 含义 常见搭配 make sense 讲得通，有道理 / 易于理解，表述清楚 sth.makes sense to sb.某事为某人所理解 是明智的，合乎情理 It makes sense to do sth.做某事是明智的。 No matter how I read it, this sentence doesn't make any sense to me.我无论怎么读，都不理解这个句子。 Before doing your homework, it makes sense to go over what you've learned. 在做作业之前，复习一下你所学的知识是明智的。 归纳拓展 make sense of的用法： make sense of意为"理解，弄懂（复杂或不寻常的事物）"，主语通常是人。 I can't make sense of this poem, but perhaps I will if I read it for several times.我弄不懂这首诗，但我再读几遍或许就会懂了。 1.语法填空 See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't make sense ________（buy） the cheapest brand（品牌） of computer just to save a few dollars. 2.选择填空：make sense/make sense of 1.I couldn't _______________ the passage. You must have left out some important information while copying it. 2.What the writer wants to express in his book doesn't ____________ to the readers. 3 pretend 教材语境A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 即使假装跌倒有利于他/她的球队，足球运动员也不应该这样做。 用法详解 pretend vt. & vi.假装，佯装 pretend （not） to do sth.假装（不）做某事 pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth.假装已经做了某事 pretend to be+n./adj. 假装…… Don't pretend to know when you don't.不要不懂装懂。 Mr White pretended to be reading an important document when the boss entered. 老板进来时怀特先生假装正在看一份重要的文件。 When his mother entered his room， he pretended to have fallen asleep. 当妈妈走进他的房间时，他假装已经睡着了。 Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying nothing about the argument. 萨拉假装高兴，没有提争吵的事。 1.The salesgirl pretended not ________（hear） me and went on talking with a lady in blue. 2.The police are setting a trap（圈套） for the thieves. One pretends______（be） an ice cream seller standing at the corner. One pretends ________________ （finish） shopping and___________（wait） for the bus. One pretends______________（read） a newspaper. 4 millions of 教材语境It is wrong to pay people millions of yuan to play sports. 付给人们数百万元来从事体育运动是不对的。 用法详解 millions of意为"大量的;数百万的"。类似的短语有：thousands of（大量的；成千上万的）,hundreds of（大量的； 数以百计的）。 Football is fun enough to attract millions of people all over the world. 足球很有趣，吸引了全世界数百万人。 归纳拓展 "数目"表达法集锦： （1）表示一定数目时，形式为： 具体数字/several+hundred/thousand/million/…+可数名词复数 of+the/those/these/名词所有格+可数名词复数 five/several million dollars五百万/数百万美元 two/several thousand of these people这些人中的2 000人/几千人 （2）表示概数时，形式为： hundreds/thousands/millions/…+of+可数名词复数 hundreds of students数以百计的/大量的学生 thousands of workers成千上万的/大量的工人 1.要到达广场，他们必须穿过一条几百米长的街道。 To get to the square, they must go through a street that is ___________________________ long. 2.洛阳作为旅游城市而出名，春节期间吸引了数百万名游客。 Luoyang is known as a tourist city, which attracted ___________________ during the Spring Festival. 5 audience 教材语境...but the audience wants fair play. ……但观众希望有公平的比赛。 用法详解 单词 用法 集合名词 audience （观众，听 众） 作主语时，谓语动词的形式 若强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式 若作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式 形容观（听）众人数多或少时使用的形容词 通常用large、huge、small等，不用many、few。a large/small audience "观众多/少"。 The audience are（强调个体） cheering for their favorite athletes.观众们正在为他们最喜欢的运动员加油。 A large audience was（强调整体） waiting outside the concert hall.一大批观众正在音乐厅外等候。 There was a large audience of young people at the pop concert.流行音乐会上有大量年轻的听众。 相关知识积累： 1.在主谓一致方面，与audience用法类似的集合名词还有class、family、team、public（民众）、group等。 2.有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。常见的这类名词有people、police、cattle等。 The police are searching the house.警察正在搜查这所房子。 Cattle feed on grass.牛以草为食。 1.语法填空 ①All the audience______（be） moved by his performance last night. ②The family ____ all music lovers and the family ___ going to a concert this evening.（be） 2.完成句子 ①警察正在协助农场主寻找昨晚被偷的牛。 The police ____________ the farmer in search of the cattle that ____________ last night. ②在一大批观众面前表演是一种很棒的体验。 It is a great experience to perform in front of_____________________. 6 diet 教材语境I...tried every new diet I read about online.我……尝试了在网上看到的每一种新的减肥饮食方案。 用法详解 （1）n.［C］规定饮食（为健康或减肥等目的）;［C,U］日常饮食 be on a diet节食（表状态） go on a diet节食（表动作） a balanced/healthy/varied diet 均衡/健康/多样化的饮食 Many people have come to realize that they should go on a diet and spare some time for exercise in their daily life. 很多人都已经开始意识到在日常生活中他们应该节食并抽出一些时间锻炼。 To keep healthy, we must have a varied diet. 为了保持健康，我们必须有多样化的饮食。 （2）vi. 节食，进行规定饮食 My sister is always dieting but she never seems to lose any weight.我妹妹总是在节食，但体重好像从未减少。 完成句子 1.Aaron must _____________（节食）. He looks much thinner than he used to be. 2.Plants need water and sunlight to grow well. Similarly, a healthy body requires ________________（均衡的饮食）. 3.As a matter of fact, you can't expect to lose weight simply by ________________________（节食）. 7 make a difference 教材语境I had no idea a letter could make such a difference! 我没有料到一词之差会产生这么大的影响！ 用法详解 make a difference意为"有影响，有作用，有关系"。可单独使用，也可用于以下结构： make a （big/great） difference to sb./sth.对某人/某物有（很大）影响 It makes a difference （to sb.）+wh-从句.……（对某人）有影响。 One false step will. .make a great difference. ［谚］失之毫厘，谬以千里。 Taking exercise regularly will make a great difference to your health. 定期锻炼会对你的健康产生很大的影响。 It makes a big difference where you put the plants—they only grow in this soil.你把这些植物放在哪里影响很大——它们只能在这种土壤里生长。 difference 构成的其他短语： 结合difference的用法完成句子 1.Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are ____________________（产生影响）in the world. You can, too! 2.____________________________（对我没有影响） whether he will go to the city or not. 3.Before birth, babies can __________________（辨别差异） between loud sounds and voices. 8 rather than 教材语境Once I started thinking about fitnessrather than weight, things began to change. 一旦我开始考虑健康而非体重，情况就开始改变了。 用法详解 （1）rather than意为"而不是"，常用于连接两个并列结构（［注意］它们在句中所作的成分是一致的），可以连接名词、代词、形容词、介词（短语）、动词（短语）、动词-ing、动词不定式（短语）或句子。 It was. .the culture, rather than the language（连接两个名词短语）, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.是文化，而不是语言，让他难以适应国外的新环境。 Molly enjoys singing rather than dancing（连接两个动词-ing）. 莫莉喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 My friend asked me how I found the problem rather than how I worked it out（连接两个句子）. 我朋友问我是怎样发现这个问题的，而不是问我是怎样解决它的。 （2）rather than 连接两个并列结构作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的结构在人称和数上保持一致。具有相同用法的词语还有as well as、with、besides等。 You rather than I are（与You保持一致） going to go camping. 要去野营的是你，而不是我。 The father rather than the sons is（与The father保持一致） responsible for the accident. 应为这起事故负责的是那个父亲，而不是儿子们。 特别提醒 rather than连接两个并列的动词不定式时，后一个动词不定式常省略to。 Austin wanted to swim rather than play（省略to） volleyball.奥斯汀想去游泳，不想去打排球。 1.Facing up to your problems rather than_________（run） away from them is the best approach to（"（做某事）的方法"，to为介词。） working things out. 2.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than _______（divide） us. 3.It is better to express your anger,rather than （hide） it in your heart. 4.You rather than your sister （be） to run the shop after your parents retire. 9 cut out 教材语境Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. 我不再拒绝我喜爱的食物，而是在自己的三餐中增加健康的食物。 用法详解 My doctor advised me to cut out fatty, sugary and other unhealthy foods for the sake of （为了……）my health. 为了我的健康，医生建议我不吃高脂、含糖和其他 不健康的食物。 You'd better cut out the last two paragraphs of your article. They have no connection with your topic.你最好把你这篇文章中的最后两段删去。它们和你的话题不沾边。 He cut out a picture from the newspaper he had just read.他从刚才读过的报纸上剪下一张图。 与cut相关的其他短语： 用cut的相关短语完成句子 1.When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt they were ________ from the world. 2.It's rather impolite to _______ when other people are talking. 3.Experts think the amount of homework for the students should be __________. 10 compare 教材语境Finally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models...最后，我不再拿自己跟女演员和模特相比…… 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 compare vt.& n.比较，对比 compare…and/with/to… 比较……和…… be compared with/to… 与……相比（动词-ed短语 compared with/to...常在句中作状语） beyond/without compare无与伦比，举世无双 vt.将……比作 compare A to B 将A比作B vi.与……相比；比得上，匹敌（通常用于否定句） compare with... 与……相比 compare with/to…比得上…… Compare your latest works with your previous ones and you'll see how much you've improved.把你最近的作品与以前的对照一下，你就会知道你的进步有多大。 Michael's new house is like a huge palace,compared to/with his old one.与旧房子比起来，迈克尔的新房子像个大宫殿。 The loveliness of the scene was beyond compare.景色之美无与伦比。 Young people are often compared to the rising sun.年轻人常被比作冉冉升起的太阳。 Nothing can compare with a mother's love.没有什么能与母爱相提并论。 相关词语积累： comparison n.［U］比较；［C］对比 by/in comparison with… 与……相比较 by comparison（尤用于句首）比较起来,较之 1.It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, __________（compare） with 16% in 1991. 2.____________（compare） teachers___candles, Mr Smith helped the students to understand the role of teachers. 3.Comparing yourself____________those homeless children, you'll find you are lucky and happy. 11 stress 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 stress n.［U，C］精神压力（=pressure）；（物理）压力 （be） under stress 在压力下 under the stress of… 在……的压力下 vt.强调，着重;重读 n. ［U］强调；［C,U］重音 stress the importance of… 强调……的重要性 lay/place/put stress on… 强调/重视…… When I feel under stress, I would do some running in the playground. 当我感到有压力时，我就会在操场上跑步。 The roof couldn't bear the stress of the snow.屋顶承受不了积雪的压力。 Confucius stressed the importance of kindness,duty and order in society.孔子强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。 In the word "engine" you should stress the first syllable. 在 engine 这个词中，你应该重读第一个音节。 The teacher laid/placed/put stress on the need for good study habits.老师强调了养成良好学习习惯的重要性。 相关词语积累： 语境串记 Jerry has been under stress for one month. He has so much stressful work to do that he feels stressed.杰里这一个月来都处于压力之下。他有这么多压力大的工作要做，因此他感到心力交瘁。 用stress的适当形式填空 1.If you get enough sleep and eat properly, and if you exercise and set aside some time for fun, you'll probably feel less ________.（建议信类写作之解决办法） 2.It is important to keep yourself physically and mentally healthy, especially in such a _________ society. 结合stress的用法完成句子 1.People _____________________________________（压力大的） may experience headaches and sleeping difficulties. 2.When I made the team（入选球队）, my coach __________________________（强调……的重要性） good teamwork. 12 even if引导的让步状语从句 教材语境A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.即使假装跌倒有利于他或她的球队，足球运动员也决不应该这样做。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： A soccer player…down even if it helps his/her team. 主句 even if引导的让步状语从句 用法详解 even if意为"即使，纵然，虽然"，引导让步状语从句，相当于even though，从句常用一般现在时代替将来时。 Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a victory for us even if we lost the game. 最后，我们面对的是全州排名第一的球队。我觉得即使我们输了比赛，这对我们来说也是一场胜利。 They won't go to the party even if/even though they are invited.即使受到邀请，他们也不会去参加那个聚会。 归纳拓展 even if的易混短语为as if。as if （=as though）意为"好像"。 It seems as if the noise comes from downstairs.噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。 选择填空：even if/as if 1.When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes ______ it is missing something. 2.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he's in his nineties. ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.Every year, 　　　　(百万)of people die from illnesses caused by smoking.  2.The 　　　　(/ˈɔːdiəns/) cheered and clapped for 3 minutes at the end of the show.  3.There are many spelling e　　　　 in his homework.  4.If you succeed in giving up taking much sugar and fat, you may find yourself much 　　　　(苗条的).  二.一词多义 1.The manager stressed the importance of good teamwork. 词性:　　　　词义:　　　　  2.The final exam is coming;all of us are under stress. 词性:　　　　词义:　　　　  3.Good speakers know which words they should stress to attract people. 词性:　　　　词义:　　　　  三.单句语法填空 1.She is positive 　　　　　what the future might bring.  2.Following the doctor's advice, he cut 　　　　　drinking and smoking.  3.They competed　　　　　such events as boxing, running and the long jump.   4.We Chinese people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival 　　　　　honour of Qu Yuan.  5.Compared 　　　　　adults, children are more eager to explore the world around them.  6.Bob called his mother to tell her that he couldn't enter the house, for he 　　　　　(leave) his key at school.  7.Rock music consists of many different styles. Even 　　　　　there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.  四.完成句子 1.事实上,国内外关于我国的纪录片非常多。 In fact, documentaries about our country are plentiful both 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. 2.偶尔我会听一会儿音乐,这是一种放松的好方式。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 I listen to music for a while, which is a good way to relax.  3.说实话,他的帮助对我产生了影响。(difference) To be honest, his help has 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　me.  4.孩子们通常被比作快乐的小鸟。(compare) Children　　　　often 　　　　 　　　　happy little birds.  5.生活充满了快乐,但也充满了挑战。所以始终持一个乐观的态度很重要。(positive) Life is full of joys, but it is also full of challenges. So 　　　  　　　　 　　　　 　　　　all the time is very important. 6.我去健身房,通过流汗来保持健康,而不是追随那些更喜欢节食减肥的女孩。 　　　　 　　　　 following those girls who prefer 　　　　 　　　  　　　　 　　　　to lose weight, I go to the gym and keep fit 　　　　 　　　　.  7.——你没有个人成长计划,对吧?——是的,我没有。 —You don't have a personal plan for growth, do you?—　　　　, I　　　　.  五.课文语法填空 Kayla was a girl 　1　 always wanted to be like those slim girls on TV, even though she knew it was just a dream. She worried about her weight and tried every diet she read about online, such as no⁃fat, low⁃fat, 5∶2, only bananas, no bananas, and she almost 　2　(go)crazy.  Then one day in an article, she saw the words “Instead of asking ‘Am I fat?’, I should be asking ‘Am I fit?’”, which made much difference to her. Once she started thinking about 　3　(fit) rather than weight, the changes 　4　(actual)began. Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”, she would say “I want to run two kilometers in eight minutes”　5　 “I want to be able to do 30 push⁃ups”. Rather than cutting out her favorite foods, she added healthy foods 　6　 her meals. For example, she could still have a burger sometimes, but she added a salad or an apple. Finally, Kayla stopped 　7　(compare) herself with those actresses and models. Instead, she became positive about 　8　(she) and her body through making 　9　 list of the things she liked about herself. She also became both happier and 　10　(healthy).  六.书面表达 　　假定你是李华,你校英文报正在征集题目为“My favourite sport”的文章。请你用英语写一篇短文并投稿,要点包括: 1.你最喜欢的运动是什么; 2.你是如何喜欢上该运动的; 3.你现在参加该运动的情况。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 My favourite sport $$ Unit3 Sports and Fitness 课文篇 Listening and Speaking ( 单词学习1 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.athlete /ˈæθli:t/ n.运动员；擅长运动的人 athletic /æθˈletɪk/ adj.健壮的 2.make predictions/make a prediction作出预言/预测 3.relate vt.使有联系 relate…to… 把……和……联系起来 4.living legends 活着的传奇人物 legend /ˈledʒənd/ n.传奇人物；传说，传奇故事 5.master /ˈmɑ:stə（r）/ n.高手；主人vt. 精通；掌握 6.set an example for/ to sb.为某人树立榜样 拓展 take…for example以……为例 follow one's example以某人为榜样，仿效某人 7.honour /ˈɒnə（r）/ n.荣誉；尊敬；［sing.］荣幸 8.glory /ˈlɔ:ri/ n.荣誉；光荣;赞美 派生词 glorious adj.光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的 9.medal /ˈmedl/ n.奖章，勋章 10.world championships 世界锦标赛 championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/ n.锦标赛，冠军赛 champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n.冠军，优胜者 11.determination /dɪˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn/ n.［U］决心；决定 12.fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 apart /əˈpɑ:t/ adv.分离；分开；成碎片 13.injure /ˈɪndʒə（r）/ vt. 使受伤；损害 14.team captain 队长 captain /ˈkæptɪn/ n.队长；船长；机长 15.lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 详见P137 16.face difficulties/problems/challenges面临困难/问题/挑战 17.stand still 保持静止 18.graceful /ˈreɪsfl/ adj. 优美的；优雅的 19.mental strength精神力量 strength /streŋθ/ n.［U，sing.］ 意志力量,毅力 20.the secret to… ……的秘诀 21.failure /ˈfeɪljə（r）/ n.失败的人（或事物）；失败 ( 课文解析 ) 活传奇 来帮助我们选出"体育界的活传奇"吧。他们必须是所在运动项目上的大师，并且是他人学习的楷模。以下是我们首批遴选出的两位传奇人物。 郎平 作为一名运动员，郎平为她的祖国赢得了诸多荣誉。作为一名教练，她带领中国女子排球队在世界锦标赛和奥运会赛场上屡获殊荣。作为个人，郎平深受国内外球迷的喜爱。当中国队备战2015年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。由郎平一手打造的团队处于崩溃的边缘。最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题离队。损失两大主力队员是个巨大的挑战， 但是郎平没有气馁。她曾面临过各种困难，她知道只要她这些年轻的球员们齐心协力，就能获胜。两周之后，她们真成了世界冠军!紧接着在2016年，郎平又带领她的球队在巴西勇夺奥运金牌。 迈克尔·乔丹 当迈克尔·乔丹双脚离地的那一瞬间，时间似乎都凝固了。这位被称为"飞人乔丹"的球员用他那优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球运动。乔丹的球技令人赞叹，然而他所展示的精神力量使他成为一名独一无二的球星。在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到制胜的方法。乔丹说，他的成功秘诀在于吸取失败的教训。"我可以接受失败，每个人都会遭遇失败;但我决不能接受不去尝试。"赛场上的失利教会他要更加努力地训练和决不放弃。在生活中，乔丹学会了与他人分享自己的成功。他在芝加哥创建的"男孩女孩俱乐部"，从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 请将你推荐的"体育界的活传奇"发送至LLS@sports.net。 1.the standards of "Living Legends of Sports"2.player3.coach4.falling apart5.mental strength ( 知识解析 ) 1 come along 教材语境Would you like to come along?你想一起去吗？ 用法详解 If you like playing football, come along with us and let's start right now.如果你喜欢踢足球，现在就和我们一起去踢球吧。 I am ready to volunteer for the sports meet when the chance comes along. 一旦有机会，我随时准备为运动会做志愿工作。 Thanks again to your advice. My English has come along a lot so far. 再次感谢你的建议，到目前为止我已在英语方面取得了很大进步。（应用文写作之感谢信） come构成的其他短语： 用come的相关短语完成下面内容 1.Yesterday when I was walking in the street,I____________ Tom; he_________ to me and told me that his dream to be a writer would ___________, since his book would __________ the next month. He happily invited me for a drink and asked me if I would like to____________. 2.—Tom and I will go hiking this Sunday. Do you want to ____________________? —Not really. I may stay at home to have a rest. 1.came across，came up，come true，come out，come along 2.come along work out 2 work out 教材语境Gym Class: Come and work out at a gym! 健身课：来健身房锻炼吧！ 用法详解 短语 含义 work out 不及物短语动词 锻炼身体，做运动 ［拓展］workout n.［C］锻炼 成功地发展 及物短语动词 找到……的答案，解决 计算，算出 思考，计划 I go to the gym and work out once a week.我一周去健身房锻炼一次。 Due to careful preparations, things have worked out quite well for us.由于精心的准备，事情对我们来说进展得很顺利。 Though the problem is very difficult, they managed to work it out finally.尽管这个问题很难，他们最终还是设法解决了。 If you work out the cost of the holiday, please tell me.你如果算出假期的费用，请告诉我。 I would appreciate it if（写作常用表达） you would help me work out a plan for my study.如果你能帮我制订一份学习计划，我将不胜感激。 3 make it 教材语境You can make it! 你可以做到！ 用法详解 短语 含义 用法 make it 获得成功 / 能够出席（或到场） 后接宾语（宾语常是表示地点的名词）时需加介词to （尤指在困难情况下）准时到达，赶上 常与"to+地点"连用 幸免于难，渡过难关 后接宾语时需加介词through As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you will make it.你只要有梦想，不断努力，就会成功。 I'm sorry I didn't make it to. .your party last night.我很抱歉昨晚没能参加你的聚会。 The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we will never make it to the airport. 再过二十分钟飞机就起飞了，我们无论如何也不能准时到达机场。 I couldn't have made it through the week without the support of my family. 没有我家人的支持，我是不可能熬过那个星期的。 4 honour（honor） 教材语境 As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. 作为一名运动员，郎平为她的祖 国赢得了诸多荣誉。 用法详解 （1）n.［U］荣誉；尊敬，尊重；［sing.］荣幸，光荣 have the honour of （doing） sth（=have the honour to do sth.）.得到……殊荣,有幸（做）…… It's an honour （for sb.） to do sth（=It's sb.'s honour to do sth.）.（对某人来说）做某事很荣幸。 in honour of sb.（=in sb.'s honour）为向某人表示敬意；为纪念某人 an honour to sb./sth.某人/某物的光荣 May I. .have the honour of dancing. .with you? 我是否有幸与您跳一支舞呢？ It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home. 能够看到大熊猫项目的发展并看着大熊猫在新的住处安顿下来是一种荣幸。 （2）vt.尊敬，尊重；给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）；使感到荣幸 honour sb.with sth.某事使某人感到荣幸；授予某人荣誉 be/feel honoured to do sth.因做某事而感到荣幸 Mr Smith, you honoured us with your presence. 史密斯先生，您的莅临是我们的荣幸。 We're honored to have Emma Wilson here. Emma is a health expert and lecturer from UBC, the University of British Columbia. 我们很荣幸邀请到艾玛·威尔逊。艾玛是英属哥伦比亚大学的健康专家和讲师。 1.The museum hosted an exhibition ___ honour of the artist's contributions to the art world. 2.Tu Youyou was honoured ______ the Nobel Prize on Oct. 5, 2015. 3.The man born with disability became the winner of the competition, which was very ____________（honour）. 1.in 2.with 3.honourable 5 determination 教材语境... her determination was tested.……她的决心受到了考验。 用法详解 determination n.［U］决心，果断，坚定 with determination顽强地,有决心地 the determination to do sth. 做某事的决心 With strong determination, I can overcome any difficulty in my life. 只要有坚定的决心，我就能克服生活中遇到的任何困难。 A good student always has the determination to solve all questions in his study.一名优秀的学生总是有决心解决他在学习中遇到的所有问题。 相关词语积累： 1.As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong ______________（determine）. 2.____________（determine） to be stronger,I take part in many physical activities. 3.My sister Lily has determined ______（go） to Peking University. She is a ___________ （determine） girl. Once she has determined _________ something， she will make her dream come true with great ______________（determine）． 1.determination 2.Determined 3.to go ，determined，on/upon，determination 6 injure 教材语境One of the best players had been injured... 最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了…… 用法详解 injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害（名誉、自尊等） injure sb./oneself使某人/自己受伤 be/get badly/seriously injured 严重受伤 injure one's pride/feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感 Barry was badly injured when he was cycling along the valley. 沿着山谷骑自行车时，巴里受了重伤。 相关词语积累： 语境申记 Jack injured his leg when he was playing basketball yesterday. The doctor said that his injury was very serious. 杰克昨天打篮球时伤了腿。医生说他的伤势很严重。 1.Hearing that you _____________（injure） in the football match, I am worried about you. 2.The injured in the earthquake __________（send） to the nearest hospital yesterday. 3.Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running， research shows， while most likely contributing to（促成，造成） fewer ________（injury）. 1.were injured 2.were sent 3.injuries 7 lose heart 教材语境...but Lang Ping did not lose heart. ……但是郎平没有气馁。 用法详解 lose heart（heart不能加-s，其前也不能加冠词a或the。） 为固定搭配，意为"丧失信心，泄气"。 Even though your research appears to be at a dead end（僵局,死胡同） now, you shouldn't lose heart but keep on trying. 即使你们的研究现在似乎陷入了僵局，你们还是不应该泄气，而要继续尝试下去。 heart构成的其他短语： 语境串记 When he was a child, he lost his heart to writing poems. Though he had put his heart into it for many years, it seemed as if nothing had been achieved. However, he would never lose heart. 他还是个孩子时就爱上了写诗。尽管多年来他全心地投入到诗歌创作中，但看起来似乎一无所成。然而，他永远不会灰心。 用heart的相关短语完成句子 1.Adam __________________ the wildlife research, and finally, his effort earned him international respect. 2.Don't ___________! Keep moving, and you can make it. 3.My sincere appreciation（感谢） is beyond description. _______________________________, I do thank you for helping me with my written English. 1.put his heart into 2.lose heart3.From the bottom of my heart 8 strength 教材语境...but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.……然而他所展示的精神力量使他成为一名独一无二的球星。 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 strength n.［U, sing.］意志力量，毅力;体力，力气，力量 build up one's strength增强体力 n.［C］优点，优势，长处 strengths and weaknesses强项和弱项/优势和劣势/长处和短处 I think you have to find an inner strength in order to feel good about yourself.我觉得只有找到内心的力量才能有自信。 Practising Chinese kung fu not only builds up one's strength, but also develops one's character. 练中国功夫不但能增强体力，还能培养一个人的性格。 Each player has to play to their strengths and understand what they can do to help the team win.每个队员都必须发挥自己的优势，了解自己能做些什么来帮助队伍获胜。 相关词语积累： 1.语法填空 The exchange student program not only broadens my horizons, but also ____________（strength） my confidence. strengthens 2.完成句子 1.鼓励学生参加体育运动以增强体力。 Students are encouraged to take part in sports to _______________________. 2.为了让团队表现得更好，教练要了解团队成员的优势和劣势。 To make a team perform better, the coach has to know the members' _________________________. 1.build up their strength 2.strengths and weaknesses 9 failure 教材语境Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures. 乔丹说，他的成功秘诀在于吸取失败的教训。 用法详解 （1）n.［C］失败的人或事；［U］失败 The art show was far from being a failure; it was a great success（均为可数名词，指事物。）.这次艺术展览不但没有失败，反而是一个巨大的成功。 The boy's failure in the competition yesterday resulted from his laziness.那个男孩在昨天比赛中的失败是他的懒惰造成的。 （2）n. ［U, C］ 未做，未履行（应做之事） failure to do sth.未做某事 His failure to return her phone call made her realize that something was wrong. 他没给她回电话，这使她觉得有什么事情不对头。 （3）n.［U, C］ 故障；失灵 heart/liver failure 心脏/肝衰竭 the power/engine failure 停电/发动机故障 failure in...在……方面出故障 相关知识积累： 英语中有一类名词表示抽象意义时一般为不可数名词，但被赋予具体含义后，可看作可数名词，表示"……的人或事"。常见的这类名词还有： 抽象名词（不可数） 具体化后（可数） comfort 安慰；舒适 a comfort 令人感到安慰的人（或事物） surprise 惊奇 a surprise 意想不到（或突然）的事 success 成功，胜利 a success 成功的人或成功的事 pleasure 愉快，快乐 a pleasure 一件乐事 experience 经验 an experience 一次经历/体验 difficulty 困难 a difficulty 一件难事 1.—I never expected the experiment would be ________ failure. —Nor did I. The result came as________complete surprise. A.a; a B.不填；a C.a; the D.不填；the A【解析】句意：——我从没想到这个实验会失败。——我也没想到。这个结果完全出乎意料。抽象名词被赋予具体含义时，常看作可数名词。此处failure和surprise分别指"一次失败的实验"和"一件意想不到的事"，故其前应用冠词。 2.语法填空 A quick review of successes and________（fail） at the end of year will help shape your year ahead. 【解析】句意：到了年底，快速回顾一下自己成功的事和失败的事，这会有助于你决定来年的发展。根据and前的successes可知，空处也应为可数名词，故填failures。 10 give up 教材语境 Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up. 赛场上的失利教会他要更加努力地训练和决不放弃。 用法详解 Failure doesn't mean you should give up; it does mean you must try harder.失败并不意味着你应该认输，它只是意味着你必须加倍努力。 Jean realized she was wrong and gave up the argument.琼意识到她错了，便停止了争论。 I would always give up my seat to an elderly person on the bus.我在公共汽车上总是给老人让座。 give构成的其他短语： 用give的相关短语完成句子 1.You will never realize your dream if you just choose to ________ every time you meet difficulty. 2.Sara wouldn't ___________ any details of the plan, for she promised to keep it secret. 3.At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he ________ as she was so confident about her skills. 4.The wood _________ a sweet smell as it burns. 5.The eggs _________, and we had to eat cereal（麦片） for breakfast for the rest of the camping trip. 1.give up 2.give away 3.gave in 4.gives off 5.gave out 11 现在完成进行时 教材语境The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. 他在芝加哥创建的"男孩女孩俱乐部"，从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： The Boys and Girls Club . .which he started in Chicago 定语从句 has been helping young people since 1996. 现在完成进行时 用法详解 现在完成 进行时 构成 have/has+been+动词-ing 用法 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去。此时，谓语动词为延续性动词。 表示重复（指断断续续，而非一直不停）。 带有一定的感情色彩。 Where have you been? I've been looking for you everywhere. 你去哪儿了？我一直在到处找你。 We've been discussing the matter several times this year.我们今年已数次讨论过那件事。 My mom has been saying that twenty times. 那话我妈已经说了20遍了。（不耐烦） 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别： 现在完成时 表示动作已完成，强调对现在的影响或产生的结果。 现在完成进行时 表示动作一直在进行，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去，强调动作的持续性。 1.—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks. It's because I ____________________（practise） a lot these days. have been practising【解析】根据时间状语these days可知，"练习游泳"从数天前开始，一直持续到现在， 因此此处应用现在完成进行时态。 2.China's high-speed railways ____________（grow） from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. have grown【解析】句意：在过去几年中，中国的高速铁路已从9 000千米增加到25 000千米。根据句意可知，该句强调"增加"的结果，且由时间状语in the past few years可知，此处应用现在完成时。 ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.Kobe Bryant was one of the most popular NBA 　　　　(冠军)in history.  2.The 　　　　(运动员) of the China women's volleyball team are excellent —they are famous around the world.  3.“Merci” was the only French word that I 　　　　(掌握)when travelling in Paris.   4.China won both the gold and the silver　　　　(奖牌)of women's gymnastics all⁃around at the 18th Asian Games.  1.champions　2.athletes　3.mastered　4.medals 二.一词多义 1.My father works out in the gym two or three times a week.词义:　　　　   2.It took her several days to work out what caused the fire.词义:　　　  3.To my surprise, Lily worked out the answer to the math problem.词义:　　　  1.锻炼　句意:我爸爸每周去健身房锻炼两到三次。 2.弄清楚　句意:她花了几天的时间才弄清楚是什么引起了这场火灾。 3.计算出　句意:让我吃惊的是,莉莉算出了那道数学题的答案。 三.单句语法填空 1.From my point of view, 　　　　　(fail)is the mother of success.   2.The soccer player suffered terrible injuries 　　　　　his leg.  3.Steve kept track 　　　　　his business by telephone when he was in hospital.   4.When faced with choosing subjects, my deskmate chose physics with great　　　　　(determine).  5.It took Susan several weeks to regain her　　　　　(strong) after a long hike.  6.Please wear your helmet when you ride an e⁃bike. 　　　　　(sweat) is better than bleeding.  7.I wonder if John has forgotten my number. I 　　　　　(expect) him to call me for an hour.  1.failure　考查名词。设空处后面为系动词is,故设空处作主语。此处表示“失败乃成功之母”,用名词failure。故填failure。 2.to　考查介词。表示身体某部位受伤用“injury/injuries to+身体部位”。故填to。 3.of　考查介词。句意:史蒂夫住院期间通过电话了解他生意的情况。keep track of意为“了解……的情况/动态”。故填of。 4.determination　考查名词。设空处作介词with的宾语且由形容词great修饰,故填名词determination。with great determination表示“非常坚定地”,在句中作状语。 5.strength　考查名词。设空处作动词regain的宾语,且由形容词性物主代词her限定,故填名词strength。regain her strength表示“恢复她的体力”。 6.Sweating　考查动名词。句意:当你骑电动自行车的时候请戴上头盔。流汗总比流血强。根据空后的is判断设空处作主语,结合句中的bleeding和语境判断此处应用动名词作主语,表示抽象的概念,注意首字母大写,故填Sweating。 7.have been expecting　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:我想知道约翰是否忘记了我的电话号码。我等他的电话已经等了一个小时了。结合语境可知此处表示动作从过去的某一时间开始一直持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去,强调动作的连续性,应用现在完成进行时,主语为I,故填have been expecting。 四.选词填空 set an example; give up; make it; come along 　　My deskmate's English has 1.　　　　　　 a lot recently. That's because he studies very hard. He once told me that success belongs to the person who never 2.　　　　　　. He 3.　　　　　　 for me. I determine to try my best to improve my English, and I believe I can 4.　　　　　　.  1.come along　2.gives up　3.sets an example4.make it 五.完成句子 1.一些人在遇到失败时就丧失信心,而另一些人则迎接挑战。 Some people 　　　　 　　　　when they 　　　　 　　　 　　　  while others rise to the challenge.  2.莉莉没有和我们一起来,因为她说她以前看过这部影片。 Lily didn't come with us, because she said she 　　　　 　　 　  　　 　  　　　　before.  3.发表题为“做聪明的在线学习者”的演讲,我深感荣幸。(一句多译) ①I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　a speech titled “Be smart online learners”.(honour v.)  ②It　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for me 　　　　 　　　　a speech titled “Be smart online learners”.(honour n.)(2021全国乙写作)  1.lose heart;come across/meet with failure　2.had seen the film　3.①am/feel honoured to make/give　②is an honour;to make/give 六.课文语法填空 “Living Legends of Sports” must be athletes who are masters of their sports and also set good examples 　1　 others. Here are two of them. One is Lang Ping, a coach who led the China women's volleyball team to medals at world championships and 　2　 Olympics. Before the 2015 World Cup, she showed her strong 　3　(determine). 　4　(face)the challenge that her team was falling apart, she didn't give 　5　. And her young players worked together as a team and finally made it to the championship. She is loved by fans at home and abroad. Another living legend is Michael Jordan, 　6　 (know) as “Air Jordan”, who changed basketball with his 　7　 (grace) moves and jumps. His skills were impressive, but 　8　 made him unique was the mental strength that he showed. He always seemed to find a way to win in the final seconds of a game, and he says the secret to his success is learning from his many 　9　(fail). Jordan also started the Boys and Girls Club, which 　10　 (help) young people since 1996.  1.to/for　考查介词。set good examples to/for...表示“为……树立好的榜样”。 2.the　考查冠词。the Olympics指“奥运会”,故用定冠词the。 3.determination　考查名词。 设空处前有形容词性物主代词her和形容词strong修饰,故填名词determination。 4.Facing　考查现在分词。　4　(face) the challenge that her team was falling apart(面对她的团队要瓦解的挑战)与she didn't give 　5　(她没有……)之间无连词,故设空处应用非谓语动词作状语。提示词face与句子主语she之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。注意句首的单词首字母大写。故填Facing。  5.up　考查固定短语。句意:面对她的团队要瓦解的挑战,她没有放弃。give up为固定短语,意为“放弃”,故填up。 6.known　考查过去分词。第一个逗号前句子成分完整,且空格前只有逗号,没有连词,故设空处应填非谓语动词。提示词know与Michael Jordan之间为被动关系,故填过去分词known。 7.graceful　考查形容词。设空处前有形容词性物主代词his,空后为名词短语moves and jumps,故应填形容词graceful,构成“限定词+形容词+中心名词”的名词短语,表示“他优雅的移动和跳跃”。 8.what　考查连接代词。句意:他的技能令人赞叹,但是使他独一无二的是他所展现的精神力量。该句为由but连接的并列复合句,后一个分句中的谓语动词为was,故“　8　 made him unique”为主语从句且从句中缺主语,由后面的表语the mental strength可知这里指代事物,故填what。  9.failures　考查名词复数。设空处由many修饰,故填复数名词failures。这里表示从很多失败的经历中学习,failure 表示具体的失败的人或事物时,为可数名词。 10.has been helping　考查时态和主谓一致。设空处位于关系代词which后,提示词为动词,故应为定语从句中的谓语。根据语境和时间状语since 1996可知,该俱乐部自1996年开始就一直在帮助年轻人。help表示的动作从1996年一直延续到现在,并且有可能还会继续下去,应用现在完成进行时。which引导定语从句,代替the Boys and Girls Club(单数意义)在从句中作主语,故从句谓语动词用单数形式,故填has been helping。 七.语法填空 Before the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, visually impaired(视力受损的) Chinese runner Liu Cuiqing put a lot of stress on 　1　(she) to do well. Finally, she made it. She won two gold medals with the help of her sighted guide Xu Donglin and brought honour and glory for China.  In 2010, she joined the national athletics team 　2　 was made up of disabled people. She had to experience countless challenges. “As 　3　 blind person, I learn things 　4　(slowly) than other people do,” she said. Sports competitions for disabled 　5　(athlete) require blind runners to be assisted by a guide. Liu met Xu in 2013 and since then, the two 　6　(train) hard together, linked by a thin rope. “To other people, this may just be an ordinary rope, but to us, it is the eye, the direction and trust. We depend 　7　 the rope to feel the turns and the distance between us. Only when she trusts me 　8　(complete) is she able to run boldly(大胆地),” Xu told CCTV.  At the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Paralympic Games, after　9　(cross) the finish line, Xu fell heavily because of a pain in his right knee.“In fact, when I was running, my leg was already so　10　(pain) that I could not feel anything. I only had one thought, which was to accompany her (Liu) to the end,” he told CCTV after the race.  语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。有视力障碍的跑步运动员刘翠青克服身体缺陷,在领跑员徐冬林的帮助下,在残奥会上获得了金牌。 1.herself　考查反身代词。这里指视力受损的中国赛跑运动员刘翠青为了表现好给自己施加了很多压力。设空处位于介词on之后,提示词she指代的就是该句主语Liu Cuiqing,表示她给她自己施加压力,故使用反身代词herself。 2.that/which　考查定语从句。设空处前面句子成分完整,表示“2010年她加入了国家运动队”,后面为谓语和宾语,表示“由残疾人组成”,故判断设空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,指代先行词 the national athletics team(国家运动队),故填that或which。 3.a　考查冠词。as a blind person表示“作为一个盲人”,blind的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。 4.more slowly　考查副词的比较级。根据设空处后的than可判断此处应填比较级more slowly。 5.athletes　考查名词复数。设空处由形容词disabled修饰,故应填名词,且athlete为可数名词,空前无冠词或其他限定词,故此处填复数名词athletes。 6.have been training　考查时态和主谓一致。这里表示“两人相识于2013年,从那以后,他们两个就一直在一起刻苦训练”,表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在,并且有可能还要继续下去,用现在完成进行时,主语为复数意义,故填have been training。 7.on/upon　考查介词。depend on/upon sth. to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“依靠某物做某事”,故填介词on或upon。 8.completely　考查副词。设空处修饰动词trusts,故填副词completely,表示“完全地”。 9.crossing　考查动名词。设空处作介词after的宾语,故填动名词crossing。 10.painful　考查形容词。句意:实际上,在我跑的过程中,我的腿已经疼得没有知觉了。根据设空处前面的so和后面的that可知,此处为so...that...结构,结合设空处前面的was可知,这里应填形容词,构成“so+形容词+that...”结构,且根据语境可知设空处表示“疼痛的”,故填painful。 ( 单词学习2 ) 1.a wellness book健康簿 wellness /ˈwelnəs/ n.［U］ 健康（=fitness） 构词法 wellness是well（adj.健康,身体好）+-ness构成的名词。 -ness为名词后缀，表示"……的性质（或状态、特点）"。由它构成的词还有sadness（悲伤）、 kindness（善良）等。 2.go positive 变得积极。go在此处为系动词，意为"变得，变成"，下文"went bananas"中的went也是此用法。positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的；有助益的 搭配 be positive about... 对……积极乐观 词链 positively（adv.积极地，肯定地）←positive（adj.）→（反义）negative（adj.消极的；有害的） 3.slim /slɪm/ adj.苗条的；单薄的（其比较级是slimmer） 4.5∶2 读作five to two，指the 5∶2 diet， 即"一周有五天正常饮食，两天（不连续）以减肥为目的控制饮食"。 5.go bananas疯狂；发疯 拓展 与水果有关的其他表达： top banana 老大，老板 the apple of sb.'s eye 掌上明珠 apples and oranges 截然不同 sour grapes 酸葡萄（表示某人表面贬低某事物，实则是嫉妒） 6.have no idea+从句 不知道…… 7.make a difference 有作用或影响 8.rather than 而不是 9.push-up /ˈpʊʃʌp/ n.［C］俯卧撑 构词法 push-up是由短语动词push up转化而来的名词。这是一种构词方式，用连字符或者连写的方式将短语动词转化为名词。类似的名词还有sit-up（仰卧起坐），clean-up（扫除）,check-up（体检，亦作checkup）等。 10.cut out停止做（或使用、食用） 11.now and then 有时；偶尔 同义 from time to time；at times；（every） once in a while 12.compare…with…把……与……比较 compare vt.比较，对比 13.be wrong with有问题，有毛病。文中指"不美"。 14.make a list of… 列一张……清单 ( 课文解析 ) 积极向上 我总是努力想让自己看起来像电视上的那些苗条女孩，尽管我明知这不可能。我十分担心我的体重，也尝试了在网上看到的每一种新的减肥饮食方案。我尝试了无脂肪、低脂肪、5∶2（轻断食法）、只吃香蕉、不吃香蕉——我也几近疯狂。 后来，我看到一篇文章，说不要问自己"我胖吗?"而应该问"我健康吗?"我没有料到一词之差会产生这么大的影响!一旦我开始考虑健康而非体重，情况就开始改变了。我不会说"我想减掉三千克"，我会说"我想在八分钟内跑完两千米"或"我希望能做30个俯卧撑"。我不再拒绝我喜爱的食物，而是在自己的三餐中增加健康的食物。我仍然能偶尔吃个汉堡，但我会加上一份沙拉或一个苹果。 最后，我不再拿自己跟女演员和模特相比，不再寻找自己的脸蛋或身材不美的地方。相反，我把对自己满意的地方罗列出来。通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更加快乐，也更加健康了。 ( 知识解析 ) 1 compete 教材语境An athlete...if he/she is competing for his/her country. 运动员如果是为他/她的国家参赛…… 用法详解 compete vi.竞争，对抗;参加比赛（或竞赛） compete with/against sb.（for…） （为……）同某人竞争 compete in…（for…） （为……）参加……比赛（或竞赛） compete to do sth.竞相做某事 Women were first allowed to compete in shooting at the Olympics in 1968. 1968年女性首次被允许参加奥运射击比赛。 相关词语积累： 语境串记 More than 10,000competitors from different countries came to Beijing to compete with each other in the competitive games for medals. 来自不同国家的一万多名参赛选手来到北京为了奖牌而在竞争激烈的比赛中相互竞争。 As the youngest ___________（compete），John will compete the writing contest____________ 30 other top students the yearly award of writing. So he must be very____________ （compete） so that he can win the ____________（compete）. Competitor，in，with/against，for，competitive，competition 2 make sense 教材语境That doesn't make any sense! 那说不通！ 用法详解 短语 含义 常见搭配 make sense 讲得通，有道理 / 易于理解，表述清楚 sth.makes sense to sb.某事为某人所理解 是明智的，合乎情理 It makes sense to do sth.做某事是明智的。 No matter how I read it, this sentence doesn't make any sense to me.我无论怎么读，都不理解这个句子。 Before doing your homework, it makes sense to go over what you've learned. 在做作业之前，复习一下你所学的知识是明智的。 归纳拓展 make sense of的用法： make sense of意为"理解，弄懂（复杂或不寻常的事物）"，主语通常是人。 I can't make sense of this poem, but perhaps I will if I read it for several times.我弄不懂这首诗，但我再读几遍或许就会懂了。 1.语法填空 See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't make sense ________（buy） the cheapest brand（品牌） of computer just to save a few dollars. to buy 2.选择填空：make sense/make sense of 1.I couldn't _______________ the passage. You must have left out some important information while copying it. 2.What the writer wants to express in his book doesn't ____________ to the readers. 1.make sense of 2.make sense 3 pretend 教材语境A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 即使假装跌倒有利于他/她的球队，足球运动员也不应该这样做。 用法详解 pretend vt. & vi.假装，佯装 pretend （not） to do sth.假装（不）做某事 pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth.假装已经做了某事 pretend to be+n./adj. 假装…… Don't pretend to know when you don't.不要不懂装懂。 Mr White pretended to be reading an important document when the boss entered. 老板进来时怀特先生假装正在看一份重要的文件。 When his mother entered his room， he pretended to have fallen asleep. 当妈妈走进他的房间时，他假装已经睡着了。 Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying nothing about the argument. 萨拉假装高兴，没有提争吵的事。 1.The salesgirl pretended not ________（hear） me and went on talking with a lady in blue. 2.The police are setting a trap（圈套） for the thieves. One pretends______（be） an ice cream seller standing at the corner. One pretends ________________ （finish） shopping and___________（wait） for the bus. One pretends______________（read） a newspaper. 1.to hear 2.to be，to have finished，be waiting，to be reading 4 millions of 教材语境It is wrong to pay people millions of yuan to play sports. 付给人们数百万元来从事体育运动是不对的。 用法详解 millions of意为"大量的;数百万的"。类似的短语有：thousands of（大量的；成千上万的）,hundreds of（大量的； 数以百计的）。 Football is fun enough to attract millions of people all over the world. 足球很有趣，吸引了全世界数百万人。 归纳拓展 "数目"表达法集锦： （1）表示一定数目时，形式为： 具体数字/several+hundred/thousand/million/…+可数名词复数 of+the/those/these/名词所有格+可数名词复数 five/several million dollars五百万/数百万美元 two/several thousand of these people这些人中的2 000人/几千人 （2）表示概数时，形式为： hundreds/thousands/millions/…+of+可数名词复数 hundreds of students数以百计的/大量的学生 thousands of workers成千上万的/大量的工人 1.要到达广场，他们必须穿过一条几百米长的街道。 To get to the square, they must go through a street that is ___________________________ long. 2.洛阳作为旅游城市而出名，春节期间吸引了数百万名游客。 Luoyang is known as a tourist city, which attracted ___________________ during the Spring Festival. 1.several hundred 2.millions of tourists 5 audience 教材语境...but the audience wants fair play. ……但观众希望有公平的比赛。 用法详解 单词 用法 集合名词 audience （观众，听 众） 作主语时，谓语动词的形式 若强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式 若作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式 形容观（听）众人数多或少时使用的形容词 通常用large、huge、small等，不用many、few。a large/small audience "观众多/少"。 The audience are（强调个体） cheering for their favorite athletes.观众们正在为他们最喜欢的运动员加油。 A large audience was（强调整体） waiting outside the concert hall.一大批观众正在音乐厅外等候。 There was a large audience of young people at the pop concert.流行音乐会上有大量年轻的听众。 相关知识积累： 1.在主谓一致方面，与audience用法类似的集合名词还有class、family、team、public（民众）、group等。 2.有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。常见的这类名词有people、police、cattle等。 The police are searching the house.警察正在搜查这所房子。 Cattle feed on grass.牛以草为食。 1.语法填空 ①All the audience______（be） moved by his performance last night. ②The family ____ all music lovers and the family ___ going to a concert this evening.（be） 1.were2.are，is 2.完成句子 ①警察正在协助农场主寻找昨晚被偷的牛。 The police ____________ the farmer in search of the cattle that ____________ last night. ②在一大批观众面前表演是一种很棒的体验。 It is a great experience to perform in front of_____________________. 1.are helping，were stolen 2.a large/huge audience 6 diet 教材语境I...tried every new diet I read about online.我……尝试了在网上看到的每一种新的减肥饮食方案。 用法详解 （1）n.［C］规定饮食（为健康或减肥等目的）;［C,U］日常饮食 be on a diet节食（表状态） go on a diet节食（表动作） a balanced/healthy/varied diet 均衡/健康/多样化的饮食 Many people have come to realize that they should go on a diet and spare some time for exercise in their daily life. 很多人都已经开始意识到在日常生活中他们应该节食并抽出一些时间锻炼。 To keep healthy, we must have a varied diet. 为了保持健康，我们必须有多样化的饮食。 （2）vi. 节食，进行规定饮食 My sister is always dieting but she never seems to lose any weight.我妹妹总是在节食，但体重好像从未减少。 完成句子 1.Aaron must _____________（节食）. He looks much thinner than he used to be. 2.Plants need water and sunlight to grow well. Similarly, a healthy body requires ________________（均衡的饮食）. 3.As a matter of fact, you can't expect to lose weight simply by ________________________（节食）. 1.be on a diet 2.a balanced diet 3.going on a diet或dieting 7 make a difference 教材语境I had no idea a letter could make such a difference! 我没有料到一词之差会产生这么大的影响！ 用法详解 make a difference意为"有影响，有作用，有关系"。可单独使用，也可用于以下结构： make a （big/great） difference to sb./sth.对某人/某物有（很大）影响 It makes a difference （to sb.）+wh-从句.……（对某人）有影响。 One false step will. .make a great difference. ［谚］失之毫厘，谬以千里。 Taking exercise regularly will make a great difference to your health. 定期锻炼会对你的健康产生很大的影响。 It makes a big difference where you put the plants—they only grow in this soil.你把这些植物放在哪里影响很大——它们只能在这种土壤里生长。 difference 构成的其他短语： 结合difference的用法完成句子 1.Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are ____________________（产生影响）in the world. You can, too! 2.____________________________（对我没有影响） whether he will go to the city or not. 3.Before birth, babies can __________________（辨别差异） between loud sounds and voices. 1.making a difference 2.It makes no difference to me 3.tell the difference 8 rather than 教材语境Once I started thinking about fitnessrather than weight, things began to change. 一旦我开始考虑健康而非体重，情况就开始改变了。 用法详解 （1）rather than意为"而不是"，常用于连接两个并列结构（［注意］它们在句中所作的成分是一致的），可以连接名词、代词、形容词、介词（短语）、动词（短语）、动词-ing、动词不定式（短语）或句子。 It was. .the culture, rather than the language（连接两个名词短语）, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.是文化，而不是语言，让他难以适应国外的新环境。 Molly enjoys singing rather than dancing（连接两个动词-ing）. 莫莉喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 My friend asked me how I found the problem rather than how I worked it out（连接两个句子）. 我朋友问我是怎样发现这个问题的，而不是问我是怎样解决它的。 （2）rather than 连接两个并列结构作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的结构在人称和数上保持一致。具有相同用法的词语还有as well as、with、besides等。 You rather than I are（与You保持一致） going to go camping. 要去野营的是你，而不是我。 The father rather than the sons is（与The father保持一致） responsible for the accident. 应为这起事故负责的是那个父亲，而不是儿子们。 特别提醒 rather than连接两个并列的动词不定式时，后一个动词不定式常省略to。 Austin wanted to swim rather than play（省略to） volleyball.奥斯汀想去游泳，不想去打排球。 1.Facing up to your problems rather than_________（run） away from them is the best approach to（"（做某事）的方法"，to为介词。） working things out. 2.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than _______（divide） us. 3.It is better to express your anger,rather than （hide） it in your heart. 4.You rather than your sister （be） to run the shop after your parents retire. 1.running 2.divide 3.hide 4.are 9 cut out 教材语境Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. 我不再拒绝我喜爱的食物，而是在自己的三餐中增加健康的食物。 用法详解 My doctor advised me to cut out fatty, sugary and other unhealthy foods for the sake of （为了……）my health. 为了我的健康，医生建议我不吃高脂、含糖和其他 不健康的食物。 You'd better cut out the last two paragraphs of your article. They have no connection with your topic.你最好把你这篇文章中的最后两段删去。它们和你的话题不沾边。 He cut out a picture from the newspaper he had just read.他从刚才读过的报纸上剪下一张图。 与cut相关的其他短语： 用cut的相关短语完成句子 1.When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt they were ________ from the world. 2.It's rather impolite to _______ when other people are talking. 3.Experts think the amount of homework for the students should be __________. 1.cut off 2.cut in 3.cut down 10 compare 教材语境Finally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models...最后，我不再拿自己跟女演员和模特相比…… 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 compare vt.& n.比较，对比 compare…and/with/to… 比较……和…… be compared with/to… 与……相比（动词-ed短语 compared with/to...常在句中作状语） beyond/without compare无与伦比，举世无双 vt.将……比作 compare A to B 将A比作B vi.与……相比；比得上，匹敌（通常用于否定句） compare with... 与……相比 compare with/to…比得上…… Compare your latest works with your previous ones and you'll see how much you've improved.把你最近的作品与以前的对照一下，你就会知道你的进步有多大。 Michael's new house is like a huge palace,compared to/with his old one.与旧房子比起来，迈克尔的新房子像个大宫殿。 The loveliness of the scene was beyond compare.景色之美无与伦比。 Young people are often compared to the rising sun.年轻人常被比作冉冉升起的太阳。 Nothing can compare with a mother's love.没有什么能与母爱相提并论。 相关词语积累： comparison n.［U］比较；［C］对比 by/in comparison with… 与……相比较 by comparison（尤用于句首）比较起来,较之 1.It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, __________（compare） with 16% in 1991. 2.____________（compare） teachers___candles, Mr Smith helped the students to understand the role of teachers. 3.Comparing yourself____________those homeless children, you'll find you are lucky and happy. 1.compared 2.Comparing ，to3.with/to/and 11 stress 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 stress n.［U，C］精神压力（=pressure）；（物理）压力 （be） under stress 在压力下 under the stress of… 在……的压力下 vt.强调，着重;重读 n. ［U］强调；［C,U］重音 stress the importance of… 强调……的重要性 lay/place/put stress on… 强调/重视…… When I feel under stress, I would do some running in the playground. 当我感到有压力时，我就会在操场上跑步。 The roof couldn't bear the stress of the snow.屋顶承受不了积雪的压力。 Confucius stressed the importance of kindness,duty and order in society.孔子强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。 In the word "engine" you should stress the first syllable. 在 engine 这个词中，你应该重读第一个音节。 The teacher laid/placed/put stress on the need for good study habits.老师强调了养成良好学习习惯的重要性。 相关词语积累： 语境串记 Jerry has been under stress for one month. He has so much stressful work to do that he feels stressed.杰里这一个月来都处于压力之下。他有这么多压力大的工作要做，因此他感到心力交瘁。 用stress的适当形式填空 1.If you get enough sleep and eat properly, and if you exercise and set aside some time for fun, you'll probably feel less ________.（建议信类写作之解决办法） 2.It is important to keep yourself physically and mentally healthy, especially in such a _________ society. 1.stressed 2.stressful 结合stress的用法完成句子 1.People _____________________________________（压力大的） may experience headaches and sleeping difficulties. 2.When I made the team（入选球队）, my coach __________________________（强调……的重要性） good teamwork. 1.（who/that are） under a lot of stress 2.stressed the importance of 12 even if引导的让步状语从句 教材语境A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.即使假装跌倒有利于他或她的球队，足球运动员也决不应该这样做。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： A soccer player…down even if it helps his/her team. 主句 even if引导的让步状语从句 用法详解 even if意为"即使，纵然，虽然"，引导让步状语从句，相当于even though，从句常用一般现在时代替将来时。 Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a victory for us even if we lost the game. 最后，我们面对的是全州排名第一的球队。我觉得即使我们输了比赛，这对我们来说也是一场胜利。 They won't go to the party even if/even though they are invited.即使受到邀请，他们也不会去参加那个聚会。 归纳拓展 even if的易混短语为as if。as if （=as though）意为"好像"。 It seems as if the noise comes from downstairs.噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。 选择填空：even if/as if 1.When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes ______ it is missing something. 2.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he's in his nineties. 1.as if 2.even if ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.Every year, 　　　　(百万)of people die from illnesses caused by smoking.  2.The 　　　　(/ˈɔːdiəns/) cheered and clapped for 3 minutes at the end of the show.  3.There are many spelling e　　　　 in his homework.  4.If you succeed in giving up taking much sugar and fat, you may find yourself much 　　　　(苗条的).  1.millions　2.audience　3.errors　4.slimmer 二.一词多义 1.The manager stressed the importance of good teamwork. 词性:　　　　词义:　　　　  2.The final exam is coming;all of us are under stress. 词性:　　　　词义:　　　　  3.Good speakers know which words they should stress to attract people. 词性:　　　　词义:　　　　  1.动词;强调　句意:经理强调了良好的团队合作的重要性。 2.名词;压力　句意:期末考试就要到了,我们都处在压力之下。 3.动词;重读　句意:好的演讲者知道哪些词应该重读以吸引人。 三.单句语法填空 1.She is positive 　　　　　what the future might bring.  2.Following the doctor's advice, he cut 　　　　　drinking and smoking.  3.They competed　　　　　such events as boxing, running and the long jump.   4.We Chinese people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival 　　　　　honour of Qu Yuan.  5.Compared 　　　　　adults, children are more eager to explore the world around them.  6.Bob called his mother to tell her that he couldn't enter the house, for he 　　　　　(leave) his key at school.  7.Rock music consists of many different styles. Even 　　　　　there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.  1.about　考查介词。句意:她对未来可能发生的事很乐观。be positive about...意为“对……积极乐观”。 2.out　考查动词短语。句意:他听从了医生的建议,戒掉了烟和酒。cut out意为“停止做(或使用、食用)”。故填out。 3.in　考查介词。句意:他们参加了诸如拳击、跑步和跳远这样的项目的比赛。compete in...意为“参加……比赛”。故填in。 4.in　考查介词。句意:我们中国人庆祝端午节以纪念屈原。in honour of...意为“为了纪念……”。故填in。 5.with/to　考查介词。句意:与成年人相比,孩子们更渴望探索周围的世界。compared with/to...意为“与……相比”,通常置于句首作状语。故填with或to。 6.had left　考查动词时态。句意:鲍勃打电话给他妈妈告诉她他进不去家了,因为他把钥匙落在了学校。结合语境判断,鲍勃把钥匙落在学校在前,给妈妈打电话在后,“打电话”使用的是一般过去时,所以此处应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,故填had left。 7.if/though　考查让步状语从句。句意:摇滚乐由许多不同的风格组成。即使在所有的音乐团体中有一种共同的精神,他们制作的音乐也非常不同。even if/though意为“即使;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。故填if或though。 四.完成句子 1.事实上,国内外关于我国的纪录片非常多。 In fact, documentaries about our country are plentiful both 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. 2.偶尔我会听一会儿音乐,这是一种放松的好方式。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 I listen to music for a while, which is a good way to relax.  3.说实话,他的帮助对我产生了影响。(difference) To be honest, his help has 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　me.  4.孩子们通常被比作快乐的小鸟。(compare) Children　　　　often 　　　　 　　　　happy little birds.  5.生活充满了快乐,但也充满了挑战。所以始终持一个乐观的态度很重要。(positive) Life is full of joys, but it is also full of challenges. So 　　　  　　　　 　　　　 　　　　all the time is very important. 6.我去健身房,通过流汗来保持健康,而不是追随那些更喜欢节食减肥的女孩。 　　　　 　　　　 following those girls who prefer 　　　　 　　　  　　　　 　　　　to lose weight, I go to the gym and keep fit 　　　　 　　　　.  7.——你没有个人成长计划,对吧?——是的,我没有。 —You don't have a personal plan for growth, do you?—　　　　, I　　　　.  1.at home and abroad　2.Now and then　3.made a difference to/in　4.are;compared to　5.having a positive attitude　6.Rather than/Instead of;going on a diet;by/through sweating　7.No;don't 五.课文语法填空 Kayla was a girl 　1　 always wanted to be like those slim girls on TV, even though she knew it was just a dream. She worried about her weight and tried every diet she read about online, such as no⁃fat, low⁃fat, 5∶2, only bananas, no bananas, and she almost 　2　(go)crazy.  Then one day in an article, she saw the words “Instead of asking ‘Am I fat?’, I should be asking ‘Am I fit?’”, which made much difference to her. Once she started thinking about 　3　(fit) rather than weight, the changes 　4　(actual)began. Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”, she would say “I want to run two kilometers in eight minutes”　5　 “I want to be able to do 30 push⁃ups”. Rather than cutting out her favorite foods, she added healthy foods 　6　 her meals. For example, she could still have a burger sometimes, but she added a salad or an apple. Finally, Kayla stopped 　7　(compare) herself with those actresses and models. Instead, she became positive about 　8　(she) and her body through making 　9　 list of the things she liked about herself. She also became both happier and 　10　(healthy).  1.who/that　考查定语从句。设空处前面句子内容完整(Kayla是一个女孩),后面内容缺主语(总想像电视上那些苗条的女孩一样),由此推测设空处引导定语从句,代替先行词girl在从句中作主语,先行词指人,故用who或that。 2.went　考查时态。由and前面的分句中的“worried about her weight and tried every diet”可知这里应用一般过去时,故填went。 3.fitness　考查名词。设空处前有介词,故此处填名词fitness。think about fitness表示“考虑健康”。 4.actually　考查副词。设空处前后内容意思完整(the changes began),提示词为形容词,故填它的副词形式actually作状语,意为“事实上”。 5.or　考查连词。设空处前文“我想在8分钟内跑两公里”和后文“我希望能做30个俯卧撑”为选择关系,即“她会说……或……”,故填or。 6.to　考查介词。add sth. to sth.为固定搭配,意为“把某物加到某物里”,故填介词to。 7.comparing　考查动名词。stop doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“停止做某事”,故填动名词comparing。句意:最终,Kayla不再拿自己与那些女演员和模特儿进行比较。 8.herself　考查反身代词。设空处前有介词about,故此处作宾语,又因主句主语是she,提示词也是she,主语和宾语为同一个人,故填反身代词herself,表示“她变得积极地看待自己”。 9.a　考查冠词。make a list of...表示“做一个……的清单”,故填a。 10.healthier　考查形容词比较级。此处and连接两个并列成分,因为happier为形容词的比较级,故此处也应填形容词比较级healthier。 六.书面表达 　　假定你是李华,你校英文报正在征集题目为“My favourite sport”的文章。请你用英语写一篇短文并投稿,要点包括: 1.你最喜欢的运动是什么; 2.你是如何喜欢上该运动的; 3.你现在参加该运动的情况。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 My favourite sport My favourite sport When it comes to my favourite sport, I'd say it's table tennis. When I was eight, I seldom did sports and spent most of my spare time on screens, which made my parents worried. Then they decided to do something. My father, who had played table tennis for more than twenty years, taught me how to play it. Gradually I developed great interest in it. Now I often play table tennis with my friends after school. Last week I took part in the table tennis competition held in my school and took second place. I will keep on playing table tennis not only for my fitness but also for the confidence it brings me. 1.重点词汇 ①seldom adv.很少　②worried adj.担忧的 ③gradually adv.渐渐地　④take part in参加 ⑤not only...but also...不但……而且…… 2.亮点句型 ①When I was eight, I seldom did sports and spent most of my spare time on screens, which made my parents worried.(When引导时间状语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句的内容)当我八岁的时候,我很少运动,大部分空闲时间花在了屏幕上,这让我的父母很担心。  ②My father, who had played table tennis for more than twenty years, taught me how to play it.(who引导非限制性定语从句,说明先行词My father; “疑问词+不定式”作宾语)我的父亲已经打了二十多年的乒乓球,他教我如何打乒乓球。  $$