内容正文:
Unit1 Teenage Life 语法、写作篇
(
语法精讲
)
一.名词短语(Noun Phrase,简称NP)
1.含义:名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于一个名词。
2.组成:名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系:一是放在被修饰名词的前面,叫作前置定语;二是放在被修饰名词的后面,叫作后置定语。具体形式如下:
组成
例句
限定词+名词
The rain didn't make much difference to yesterday's football match.那场雨对昨天的足球赛影响不大。
(限定词+)形容
词(短语)+名词
Mike, the famous singer, will come to our city to perform.著名歌手迈克将来我们的城市演出。
限定词+描述性名词+名词(描述性名词修饰名词)
When we got to the train station, the train had left.当我们到达火车站时,火车已经开走了。
限定词+动名词+名词
Jack loves reading very much. He may be in the reading room now.杰克非常喜欢读书。他现在可能在阅览室。
(限定词+)名词+介词短语
The students in my new school are very friendly to me.我的新学校的学生对我很友好。
名词+动词不定式短语
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天要开的会很重要。
名词+分词短语
We built a highway leading into the mountains.我们修了一条通往山里的公路。
(限定词)+名词+定语从句
The people I met there were from all over the world.我在那里遇到的人来自世界各地。
and连接的两个或两个以上的名词(短语)
Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high will open the door to your potential.最重要的是,你在高中阶段度过的时光、付出的努力将会为你叩开潜能的大门。
注:限定词包括冠词(a、an、the)、指示代词(this、that、these、those等)、物主代词(my、your、his、her、our、their等)和不定代词(some、no、neither、both等)。
3.功能
(1)作主语
Peking Opera is an important part of the Chinese culture. 京剧是中国文化的重要组成部分。
(2)作宾语
There are some red roses on that small table. 在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。
(3)作表语
Lucy is my best friend.露西是我最好的朋友。
(4)作宾补
We made Tom monitor of our class.我们选汤姆当我们班的班长。
(5)作同位语
Mr Wang, our English teacher, gave us a talk yesterday afternoon.我们的英语老师王老师昨天下午给我们作了一个演讲。
二.形容词短语(Adjective Phrase,简称AdjP)
1.含义:形容词短语是指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于一个形容词。
2.组成:形容词短语由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下:
组成
例句
副词+形容词(副词enough通常用
于形容词后)
___She's very young and not very experienced. 她很年轻,还不太老练。
___She's old enough to decide for herself.她已到自己做决定的年龄了。
形容词+介词短语
___The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。
形容词+and/but+形容词
___Linda is a young but wise lady. 琳达是个年轻但有智慧的女士。
3.功能
(1)作表语(与连系动词构成系表结构,说明主语的性质或特征)
The bridge is. .long and wide.这座桥又长又宽。
(2)作定语(修饰名词、代词,说明其性质、特征等)
This pretty little Spanish girl is Linda's cousin.这个漂亮的西班牙小女孩是琳达的表妹。
I think he is the man suitable for the job.我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。
(3)作宾补(说明宾语的性质、状态或特征)
You must keep the room clean and tidy.你必须保持房间干净整洁。
(4)作状语(说明主语的性质、状态或特征)
The lost boy spent three days in the forest cold and hungry. 那个迷路的男孩又冷又饿地在森林中过了三天。
三.副词短语(Adverb Phrase,简称AdvP)
1.含义:副词短语是指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于一个副词。
2.组成:副词短语由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下:
组成
例句
副词+副词(副词enough通常用于副词后)
___Kevin plays the piano quite well. 凯文弹钢琴弹得相当好。
___I know clearly enough about the matter. 我对于那件事知道得一清二楚。
副词+and/but+副词
___I tried again and again. Finally I worked out the problem.我试了一遍又一遍。最后,我解决了这个问题。
3.功能
(1)修饰动词
She's a clever girl, and has learnt the new skill very quickly. 她是个聪明的女孩,很快就学会了新技能。(very quickly修饰动词learnt)
(2)修饰形容词
The dress was rather too small for her.这件衣服对她来说太小了。(rather too 修饰形容词small)
(3)修饰副词
He is running much too fast in the match.他在比赛中跑得太快了。(much too 修饰 fast)
(4)修饰句子
Very luckily, he was not in the house then.非常幸运的是,他那时不在那所房子里。
(Very luckily修饰句子)
(
随堂训练
)
一.写出画线部分属于什么短语及在句中所作的成分
1. The most outgoing boy in our class is Jack. (属于 名词短语 ;在句中作 主语 )
2. She asks some questions very curiously. (属于 副词短语 ;在句中作 状语 )
3. She was so anxious and frightened that she couldn’t fall asleep. (属于 形容词短语 ;在句中作 表语 )
4. I'm looking forward to a trip to Europe. (属于 名词短语 ;在句中作 宾语 )
5. Working out makes you energetic and healthy. (属于 形容词短语 ;在句中作 宾语补足语 )
6. Surprisingly enough,he disliked our writing style. (属于 副词短语 ;在句中作 状语 )
7. It's the best lecture that I have ever attended this week. (属于 名词短语 ;在句中作 表语 )
8. The designer is faced with a challenging but rewarding task. (属于 形容词短语 ;在句中作 定语 )
二.写出画线部分属于什么短语及在句中所作的成分
1.My dad, George, only had an eighth grade education.属于 ;在句中作
2.What's more, doing housework can be a form of mental relaxation from study.属于 ;在句中作
3.He built a hugely successful career.属于 ;在句中作
4.As the other students reached the finish line one after another, my heart was in my mouth.属于 ;在句中作
5.We consider the Internet an endless ocean of knowledge.属于 ;在句中作
6.Much interested, he agreed to give it a try.属于 ;在句中作
7.The boy likes the little puppy very much because it makes him very happy.属于 ;在句中作
8.Then, when I was in the fifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.属于 ;在句中作
9.We live in a town with three beaches.属于 ;在句中作
10.If they are willing to help us, we'll be very thankful.属于 ;在句中作
1.名词短语;宾语 2.名词短语;表语 3.形容词短语;定语 4.名词短语;主语 5.名词短语;宾语补足语6.形容词短语;状语 7.形容词短语;宾语补足语 8.副词短语;状语 9.名词短语;宾语 10.形容词短语;表语
(
写作精讲
)
如何写建议信
一般来讲,建议信属于半开放性作文,要求考生根据所给材料提出针对性的解决问题的办法或者合理的建议,材料多为征求建议的信件。
在高考中建议信的内容一般作为考查考生写作能力的重点,信件本身的格式要求和常规信件基本没有差别,不是考查的重点。
写好建议信要从下面几个方面着手:
1.合理安排建议信的内容结构
2.掌握建议信的写作特点
语气要诚恳,有礼貌,顾及对方感受;建议内容要详尽具体,不能含糊其词;提供的建议要合理,易于对方接受。建议通常有多条,因此要注意各条建议之间的衔接。
3.写建议信的注意事项
(1)时态:文章通常以一般现在时和一般将来时为主,也可以根据需要适当使用其他时态。
(2)人称:由于是给对方提建议,所以人称主要为第一人称和第二人称。
建议信常用句式
1.写信背景(写信的缘由)
I'm sorry/glad to hear that...
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on...
You said in your last letter that...
I'm sorry that you are having trouble/difficulty/problems...
I have received your letter saying that...
2.写信目的
I am writing to express my views about/on...
I am writing to give you some advice on the problem you are faced with.
I'm writing to you to present what I think on...
3.具体建议
There are several simple suggestions for you. To begin with,...Moreover/What's more,...Finally,...
Why not do...?/Why don't you do...?/What about doing...?/How about doing...?
I advise/suggest/recommend that you (should) do...
I strongly advise/recommend you to do...
I'd like to suggest/advise that...
If I were you, I would...
4.结尾
I hope you will find these ideas useful/helpful.
I hope my advice is of some help to you.
I hope these suggestions will be of use to you.
I hope that you can take my suggestions.
写作模板
Dear __________,
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to __________(引出对方需要建议的主题). Here are a few suggestions.
In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following __________(引出作者的建议). First, it's important to __________. Then, it also helps to __________. Besides, it should be a good idea to __________. You can also
__________. As to __________, I suggest you should __________. In addition, __________ (其他的建议). I'm sure you will__________ if you can follow my advice.
I'm looking forward to __________(表达愿望)./ I hope you will find the suggestions useful.
Yours sincerely/truly,
________(落款)
假如你是李华,最近收到了你的美国朋友Jane的来信。她在信中说,她刚进高中,不能适应新的环境,不知如何去结交新朋友,因而情绪低落。请你给她写一封建议信。
注意: 1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jane,
Yours truly,
Li Hua
审题
本文是一封写给朋友Jane有关适应新环境、结交新朋友的建议信。正文写作内容可从以下几方面展开:
写作时人称以第一人称和第二人称为主,时态以一般现在时为主。
选词
1.处于困境in trouble
2.参加take part in
3.在我看来in my opinion
4.与……沟通communicate with
造句
1.首先,要帮助你的同班同学。Firstly, help your classmates.
2.有时你的同班同学会处于困境中。Sometimes your classmates are in trouble.
3.You can invite some of your classmates to take part in(你可以邀请一些同班同学参加) some extra-curricular activities together to relax.
4.In my opinion,you should often communicate with your classmates(在我看来,你应该经常与你的同班同学交流)about your life and study.
5.交流可以帮助你们更好地了解彼此。Communicating could help you understand each other better.
参考范文
Dear Jane,
I am really sorry to hear that you feel bad after entering high school. Actually, there is something that you can do to change this situation. I'd like to give you some suggestions.
Firstly, help your classmates when they are in trouble. Then, you can invite some of your classmates to take part in some extra-curricular activities together to relax. Finally, in my opinion, you should often communicate with your classmates about your life and study so that you can understand each other better.
I believe you will make many new friends and live a happy school life there.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
[名师点评]本篇范文审题到位,要点齐全,符合题目要求,句子之间衔接流畅,逻辑性较强,并且使用了一些复杂句式,把文章要点表达出来的同时也使文章具有可读性。
(
随堂训练
)
一
假设你是李华,你的英国笔友Jack刚刚升入高中,他一时无法适应新的校园生活,写信向你征求建议。请你就此问题给他回一封信,主要内容包括:
1.实际上很多新生都对高中生活感到困惑,因此不必过于担心;
2.建议:(1)报名参加课外活动,结交新朋友;(2)做好日程安排,关注学习。
3.希望建议能适合他。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble adjusting to your high school life.
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble adjusting to your high school life. Actually, many freshmen are confused about high school life, so don't worry about it too much. I'm writing to offer you some useful advice.
To begin with, I recommend that you sign up for extra⁃curricular activities that/which can help you make more new friends. What's more, you should make a good schedule and focus on your studies so that you can keep up with other classmates in the class. Last but not least, you'd better prepare for the new lessons in advance. As a teenager, studying hard is our responsibility.
I hope my suggestions will be suitable for you and that you will enjoy your high school life.
Yours,
Li Hua
二
假定你是李华,你的美国笔友Ann发来邮件说她在新学校与朋友相处时遇到了一些问题。请你根据以下提示给她回一封邮件:
1.表示理解;
2.提出建议;
3.表达祝愿。
注意:1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Ann,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble getting along with your friends in your new school.
Dear Ann,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble getting along with your friends in your new school. Many students have the same problem when entering a new school, so don't worry about it too much. I'm writing to offer you some useful advice.
First, you should listen to others patiently when they are talking to you. Second, communicate with your classmates more often and help others when they are in trouble, because it is a good way for you to get on well with your friends. Third, it is a good idea to take an active part in activities held in your class in order to spend more time with your friends.
I hope you'll find my suggestions helpful.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
1.重点词汇
①worry about...担忧…… ②in trouble处于困境中
③get on well with...与……和睦相处 ④take an active part in...积极参与……
2.亮点句型
Third, it is a good idea to take an active part in activities held in your class in order to spend more time with your friends.(it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语;过去分词作后置定语)第三,积极参加班级组织的活动以便花更多的时间和朋友在一起是个好主意。
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1
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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Unit1 Teenage Life 语法、写作篇
(
语法精讲
)
一.名词短语(Noun Phrase,简称NP)
1.含义:名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于一个名词。
2.组成:名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系:一是放在被修饰名词的前面,叫作前置定语;二是放在被修饰名词的后面,叫作后置定语。具体形式如下:
组成
例句
限定词+名词
The rain didn't make much difference to yesterday's football match.那场雨对昨天的足球赛影响不大。
(限定词+)形容
词(短语)+名词
Mike, the famous singer, will come to our city to perform.著名歌手迈克将来我们的城市演出。
限定词+描述性名词+名词(描述性名词修饰名词)
When we got to the train station, the train had left.当我们到达火车站时,火车已经开走了。
限定词+动名词+名词
Jack loves reading very much. He may be in the reading room now.杰克非常喜欢读书。他现在可能在阅览室。
(限定词+)名词+介词短语
The students in my new school are very friendly to me.我的新学校的学生对我很友好。
名词+动词不定式短语
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天要开的会很重要。
名词+分词短语
We built a highway leading into the mountains.我们修了一条通往山里的公路。
(限定词)+名词+定语从句
The people I met there were from all over the world.我在那里遇到的人来自世界各地。
and连接的两个或两个以上的名词(短语)
Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high will open the door to your potential.最重要的是,你在高中阶段度过的时光、付出的努力将会为你叩开潜能的大门。
注:限定词包括冠词(a、an、the)、指示代词(this、that、these、those等)、物主代词(my、your、his、her、our、their等)和不定代词(some、no、neither、both等)。
3.功能
(1)作主语
Peking Opera is an important part of the Chinese culture. 京剧是中国文化的重要组成部分。
(2)作宾语
There are some red roses on that small table. 在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。
(3)作表语
Lucy is my best friend.露西是我最好的朋友。
(4)作宾补
We made Tom monitor of our class.我们选汤姆当我们班的班长。
(5)作同位语
Mr Wang, our English teacher, gave us a talk yesterday afternoon.我们的英语老师王老师昨天下午给我们作了一个演讲。
二.形容词短语(Adjective Phrase,简称AdjP)
1.含义:形容词短语是指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于一个形容词。
2.组成:形容词短语由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下:
组成
例句
副词+形容词(副词enough通常用
于形容词后)
___She's very young and not very experienced. 她很年轻,还不太老练。
___She's old enough to decide for herself.她已到自己做决定的年龄了。
形容词+介词短语
___The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。
形容词+and/but+形容词
___Linda is a young but wise lady. 琳达是个年轻但有智慧的女士。
3.功能
(1)作表语(与连系动词构成系表结构,说明主语的性质或特征)
The bridge is. .long and wide.这座桥又长又宽。
(2)作定语(修饰名词、代词,说明其性质、特征等)
This pretty little Spanish girl is Linda's cousin.这个漂亮的西班牙小女孩是琳达的表妹。
I think he is the man suitable for the job.我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。
(3)作宾补(说明宾语的性质、状态或特征)
You must keep the room clean and tidy.你必须保持房间干净整洁。
(4)作状语(说明主语的性质、状态或特征)
The lost boy spent three days in the forest cold and hungry. 那个迷路的男孩又冷又饿地在森林中过了三天。
三.副词短语(Adverb Phrase,简称AdvP)
1.含义:副词短语是指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于一个副词。
2.组成:副词短语由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下:
组成
例句
副词+副词(副词enough通常用于副词后)
___Kevin plays the piano quite well. 凯文弹钢琴弹得相当好。
___I know clearly enough about the matter. 我对于那件事知道得一清二楚。
副词+and/but+副词
___I tried again and again. Finally I worked out the problem.我试了一遍又一遍。最后,我解决了这个问题。
3.功能
(1)修饰动词
She's a clever girl, and has learnt the new skill very quickly. 她是个聪明的女孩,很快就学会了新技能。(very quickly修饰动词learnt)
(2)修饰形容词
The dress was rather too small for her.这件衣服对她来说太小了。(rather too 修饰形容词small)
(3)修饰副词
He is running much too fast in the match.他在比赛中跑得太快了。(much too 修饰 fast)
(4)修饰句子
Very luckily, he was not in the house then.非常幸运的是,他那时不在那所房子里。
(Very luckily修饰句子)
(
随堂训练
)
一.写出画线部分属于什么短语及在句中所作的成分
1. The most outgoing boy in our class is Jack. (属于 ;在句中作 )
2. She asks some questions very curiously. (属于 ;在句中作 )
3. She was so anxious and frightened that she couldn’t fall asleep. (属于 ;在句中作 )
4. I'm looking forward to a trip to Europe. (属于 ;在句中作 )
5. Working out makes you energetic and healthy. (属于 ;在句中作 )
6. Surprisingly enough,he disliked our writing style. (属于 ;在句中作 )
7. It's the best lecture that I have ever attended this week. (属于 ;在句中作 )
8. The designer is faced with a challenging but rewarding task. (属于 ;在句中作 )
二.写出画线部分属于什么短语及在句中所作的成分
1.My dad, George, only had an eighth grade education.属于 ;在句中作
2.What's more, doing housework can be a form of mental relaxation from study.属于 ;在句中作
3.He built a hugely successful career.属于 ;在句中作
4.As the other students reached the finish line one after another, my heart was in my mouth.属于 ;在句中作
5.We consider the Internet an endless ocean of knowledge.属于 ;在句中作
6.Much interested, he agreed to give it a try.属于 ;在句中作
7.The boy likes the little puppy very much because it makes him very happy.属于 ;在句中作
8.Then, when I was in the fifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.属于 ;在句中作
9.We live in a town with three beaches.属于 ;在句中作
10.If they are willing to help us, we'll be very thankful.属于 ;在句中作
(
写作精讲
)
如何写建议信
一般来讲,建议信属于半开放性作文,要求考生根据所给材料提出针对性的解决问题的办法或者合理的建议,材料多为征求建议的信件。
在高考中建议信的内容一般作为考查考生写作能力的重点,信件本身的格式要求和常规信件基本没有差别,不是考查的重点。
写好建议信要从下面几个方面着手:
1.合理安排建议信的内容结构
2.掌握建议信的写作特点
语气要诚恳,有礼貌,顾及对方感受;建议内容要详尽具体,不能含糊其词;提供的建议要合理,易于对方接受。建议通常有多条,因此要注意各条建议之间的衔接。
3.写建议信的注意事项
(1)时态:文章通常以一般现在时和一般将来时为主,也可以根据需要适当使用其他时态。
(2)人称:由于是给对方提建议,所以人称主要为第一人称和第二人称。
建议信常用句式
1.写信背景(写信的缘由)
I'm sorry/glad to hear that...
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on...
You said in your last letter that...
I'm sorry that you are having trouble/difficulty/problems...
I have received your letter saying that...
2.写信目的
I am writing to express my views about/on...
I am writing to give you some advice on the problem you are faced with.
I'm writing to you to present what I think on...
3.具体建议
There are several simple suggestions for you. To begin with,...Moreover/What's more,...Finally,...
Why not do...?/Why don't you do...?/What about doing...?/How about doing...?
I advise/suggest/recommend that you (should) do...
I strongly advise/recommend you to do...
I'd like to suggest/advise that...
If I were you, I would...
4.结尾
I hope you will find these ideas useful/helpful.
I hope my advice is of some help to you.
I hope these suggestions will be of use to you.
I hope that you can take my suggestions.
写作模板
Dear __________,
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to __________(引出对方需要建议的主题). Here are a few suggestions.
In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following __________(引出作者的建议). First, it's important to __________. Then, it also helps to __________. Besides, it should be a good idea to __________. You can also
__________. As to __________, I suggest you should __________. In addition, __________ (其他的建议). I'm sure you will__________ if you can follow my advice.
I'm looking forward to __________(表达愿望)./ I hope you will find the suggestions useful.
Yours sincerely/truly,
________(落款)
假如你是李华,最近收到了你的美国朋友Jane的来信。她在信中说,她刚进高中,不能适应新的环境,不知如何去结交新朋友,因而情绪低落。请你给她写一封建议信。
注意: 1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jane,
Yours truly,
Li Hua
审题
本文是一封写给朋友Jane有关适应新环境、结交新朋友的建议信。正文写作内容可从以下几方面展开:
写作时人称以第一人称和第二人称为主,时态以一般现在时为主。
选词
1.处于困境in trouble
2.参加take part in
3.在我看来in my opinion
4.与……沟通communicate with
造句
1.首先,要帮助你的同班同学。Firstly, help your classmates.
2.有时你的同班同学会处于困境中。Sometimes your classmates are in trouble.
3.You can invite some of your classmates to take part in(你可以邀请一些同班同学参加) some extra-curricular activities together to relax.
4.In my opinion,you should often communicate with your classmates(在我看来,你应该经常与你的同班同学交流)about your life and study.
5.交流可以帮助你们更好地了解彼此。Communicating could help you understand each other better.
参考范文
Dear Jane,
I am really sorry to hear that you feel bad after entering high school. Actually, there is something that you can do to change this situation. I'd like to give you some suggestions.
Firstly, help your classmates when they are in trouble. Then, you can invite some of your classmates to take part in some extra-curricular activities together to relax. Finally, in my opinion, you should often communicate with your classmates about your life and study so that you can understand each other better.
I believe you will make many new friends and live a happy school life there.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
[名师点评]本篇范文审题到位,要点齐全,符合题目要求,句子之间衔接流畅,逻辑性较强,并且使用了一些复杂句式,把文章要点表达出来的同时也使文章具有可读性。
(
随堂训练
)
一
假设你是李华,你的英国笔友Jack刚刚升入高中,他一时无法适应新的校园生活,写信向你征求建议。请你就此问题给他回一封信,主要内容包括:
1.实际上很多新生都对高中生活感到困惑,因此不必过于担心;
2.建议:(1)报名参加课外活动,结交新朋友;(2)做好日程安排,关注学习。
3.希望建议能适合他。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble adjusting to your high school life.
二
假定你是李华,你的美国笔友Ann发来邮件说她在新学校与朋友相处时遇到了一些问题。请你根据以下提示给她回一封邮件:
1.表示理解;
2.提出建议;
3.表达祝愿。
注意:1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Ann,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble getting along with your friends in your new school.
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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