Unit 1 Section C 人与社会之社会服务与人际沟通 相关题型训练-训练2-2026届高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习

2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section C 人与社会之社会服务与人际沟通 相关题型训练-训练2」 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 第一次阅读：完成题目，按照考试节奏 2022年新高考Ⅰ卷 英语高考真题 The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.” “It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said:“We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 1. What is the purpose of the project? A．To ensure harmony in care homes. B．To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C．To raise money for medical research. D．To promote the elderly people's welfare. 2. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? A．She has learned new life skills. B．She has gained a sense of achievement. C．She has recovered her memory. D．She has developed a strong personality. 3. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate. 4. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A．It is well received. B．It needs to be more creative. C．It is highly profitable. D．It takes ages to see the results. 第二次阅读：识记单词，掌握英语基础 1. dementia n. 痴呆症 例句：It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia. 翻译：它也被用于帮助患有痴呆症的病人。 2. wellbeing n. 福祉，健康状态 例句：The project aims to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. 翻译：该项目旨在减少孤独感并改善老年人的福祉。 3. reduction n. 减少 例句：Staff reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are present. 翻译：工作人员报告称，有母鸡的地方药物使用量出现减少。 4. participate v. 参与 例句：80-year-old Ruth Xavier is among those participating in the project. 翻译：80 岁的露丝・泽维尔是参与该项目的人员之一。 5. financial adj. 财政的，金融的 例句：The charity received financial support to expand the project. 翻译：该慈善机构获得了财政支持以推广项目。 6. embark v. 开始，着手（项目等） 例句：60 Penfold Street was one of the first to embark on the project. 翻译：彭福尔德街 60 号是首批着手该项目的机构之一。 7. resident n. 居民 例句：Elderly residents in care homes are looking after hens. 翻译：养老院的老年居民正在照料母鸡。 8. charity n. 慈善机构 例句：A local charity dreamed up the project. 翻译：一个当地慈善机构构想了这个项目。 9. wheelchair n. 轮椅 例句：Ruth uses a wheelchair to care for the hens. 翻译：露丝坐着轮椅照料母鸡。 10. focus n. 关注点，焦点 例句：The project provides a different focus for the elderly. 翻译：该项目为老年人提供了不同的关注点。 11. creative adj. 创造性的 例句：Residents enjoy the creative activities with hens. 翻译：居民们喜欢与母鸡相关的创造性活动。 12. benefit n. 益处，好处 例句：Staff look forward to the benefits of the project. 翻译：工作人员期待该项目带来的益处。 13. director n. 负责人，董事 例句：Lynn Lewis is the director of Notting Hill Pathways. 翻译：林恩・刘易斯是诺丁山路径的负责人。 14. connect v. 连接，建立联系 例句：The project helps connect residents through shared interests. 翻译：该项目通过共同兴趣帮助居民建立联系。 15. session n. （某项活动的）一段时间 例句：Residents welcome the creative sessions with hens. 翻译：居民们欢迎与母鸡相关的创造性活动时段。 第三次阅读：精读文章，寻觅佳句好句 1. 目的状语从句+并列谓语结构 The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. 语法分析 （1）主干结构：The project was dreamed up by a charity.（被动语态） （2）修饰成分： “to reduce...and improve...” 为不定式短语作目的状语，两个动词 “reduce” 与 “improve” 形成并列谓语，逻辑上强调项目的双重目标； 被动语态 “was dreamed up” 隐含 “由…… 发起” 的动作，符合英语中 “客观描述项目起源” 的表达习惯。 2. where 引导的地点状语从句 + 现在完成时 Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. 语法分析 （1）主干结构：Staff have reported a reduction.（现在完成时，强调结果） （2）修饰成分： “in care homes” 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 Staff； “where hens are in use”为地点状语从句，相当于“in the places where...”，精准限定药物减少的场景。 3. 读后续写好句积累与背诵（个人价值类） I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful. 我很享受这些创造性活动，做一些有用的事情感觉很棒。 用于主角通过参与活动获得成就感的情节，如：“After weeks of organizing the school charity sale, she smiled: 'I'm enjoying the planning, and it feels great to have helped others.'”（“在组织学校慈善义卖数周后，她微笑着说：‘我很享受策划过程，帮助他人的感觉很棒。’”）； 直接引语 +“enjoying...and it feels great to have done...”结构，适合表达“付出→价值感”的心理转变，如：“Volunteering at the hospital, he wrote in his diary: 'I'm enjoying the small talks with patients, and it feels great to have brought them comfort.'”（“在医院做志愿者时，他在日记中写道：‘我喜欢和病人闲聊，给他们带来安慰的感觉很棒。’”）。 4. 应用文好句积累与背诵（社会意义类） “The project will really help connect residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” “该项目将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动，真正帮助居民建立联系。” 写建议信时可使用：“Organizing a reading club will help connect neighbors through shared love for books, just like the hen-raising project does for care home residents.”（“组织读书俱乐部将通过对书籍的共同热爱帮助邻居建立联系，就像养鸡项目对养老院居民所做的那样。”）； 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 The elderly residents in London's care homes are being given hens 1. ____________ (look) after as part of a project 2. ____________ (design) to combat loneliness. Conceived by a local charity, the initiative seeks to improve wellbeing and assist patients 3. ____________ (suffer) dementia. Staff reports indicate a reduction in medication use in facilities 4. ____________ hens are kept. Among participants is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier, who recalled: "I 5. ____________ (keep) hens in childhood, preparing their breakfast daily before school." She now spends mornings in her wheelchair 6. ____________ (let) the hens out and evenings ensuring they nest. "It offers a refreshing focus," she says. "Families bring children to visit the hens, and residents gather outside to watch. These activities make me feel 7. ____________ (use)." With 700 elderly people now involved across 20 care homes, the charity has secured financial support 8. ____________ (expand) nationwide. Wendy Wilson, manager at Penfold Street, notes: "Residents embrace the project's creative sessions, 9. ________________ (look) forward to its benefits." Lynn Lewis adds: "This initiative 10. ____________ (effective) connects residents through shared tasks and creativity." 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 1. 2025年安徽蚌埠模拟 In the summer of 2015, Brian Peterson and his wife, Vanessa, had just moved to Santa Ana, California. Outside their apartment, an messy homeless man was often yelling on the street corner. Peterson would pass the guy on his way to his job as a car designer at Kia Motors, but they never spoke. What could they possibly have in common? One day, Peterson was reading the book Love Does, about the power of love in action, when his quiet was disturbed by the homeless man. Inspired by the book's kind message, Peterson made an unexpected decision: He was going to go outside and introduce himself. In that first conversation, Peterson learned that the man's name was Matt Faris. He'd moved here to pursue a career in music, but soon fell on hard times and ended up living on the street for more than a decade. Inspired by his story, Peterson, a graduate of the Cleveland Institute of Art, found himself asking if he could paint Faris's portrait (画像). Faris said yes. Peterson's connection with Faris led him to form Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization focused on befriending and painting portraits of members of the community who are unhoused. Peterson sells the paintings for a few thousand dollars, putting into what he calls a “love account” for his model. He then helps people use the money to get back on their feet. Many of Peterson's new friends use the donations to secure immediate necessities — medical care, hotel rooms, food. But Peterson has learned not to make assumptions about what a person needs most. “Why don' t we just ask them? ” says Peterson. Faris used the funds from his portrait to record an album, fulfilling his musical dreams. Peterson has painted 41 of these portraits himself. But there's more to the finished products than the money they bring to someone who's down and out. He's discovered that the buyers tend to connect to the story of the person in the painting, finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have otherwise overlooked or stereotyped (有成见). “People often tell me, ‘I was the one that would cross the street. But I see homeless people differently now.' ” Peterson says. “I didn't know that would happen. ” 1. Why did Peterson start his conversation with Faris? A．He was motivated by a book he read. B．He was supported by his wife Vanessa. C．He was annoyed at Faris's disturbance. D．He was determined to paint Faris's portrait. 2. What did Peterson learn from his first conversation with Faris? A．Faris was a brilliant musician in the past. B．Faris had something in common with him. C．Faris had been homeless for over ten years. D．Faris was willing to paint portraits for a living. 3. What is the money Peterson earned from his paintings used for? A．Running a nonprofit organization. B．Contributing to his personal account. C．Helping the homeless get out of trouble. D．Buying some expensive painting materials. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Peterson hopes to be more productive in painting. B．Peterson helped more needy people than expected. C．Peterson regrets having ignored those homeless people. D．Peterson didn't expect the difference made to the buyers. 2. 2025年山西太原模拟 As a writer specializing in psychology and human cognition (认知) ,I've explored countless tricks to boost brainpower. Yet, few have proven as surprisingly effective as the ancient practice of illeism. Politicians often use this device to sound more objective, as Julius Caesar did in his account of the Gallic War, writing “Caesar avenged (为……报仇) the public” instead of “I avenged the public.” Simply put, illeism is the act of referring to oneself in the third person instead of the first person. Talking about yourself this way might sound overly formal or unusual to modern ears, but science says it works wonders. When tough decisions come knocking, speaking in the third person can help you stay calm, cutting through those messy emotions that often cloud our judgment. It's like giving your brain a little space to see the big picture. Research by Igor Grossmann at the University of Waterloo shows that we're naturally better at being “wise” when dealing with other people's problems than our own. This is known as Solomon's Paradox (悖论), which explains why giving your best friend advice is a breeze (微风), but solving your own is a drama. Can illeism help solve this paradox? Grossmann's research suggests it can. By shifting to the third person, we step back from our negative emotions and gain another perspective. Studies show that people who tried this displayed more modesty — basically, they made clearer decisions and leveled up their wisdom game. One study even found that participants who journaled in the third person for a month started seeing everyday situations in a whole new light. They also reported feeling less stressed and more positive. I've tried it myself, and honestly, it works! Whether it's challenging work decisions, family dilemmas, or handling friendships, this little mental shift has helped me see things more clearly and act more thoughtfully. Sure, it might sound a little odd at first, but it's incredibly effective. If you' re looking for a fun, easy way to clear your head, why not give it a shot? Who knows— you might just discover your inner Caesar. 1. Why is Julius Caesar's example cited in the first paragraph? A．To reveal the source of illeism. B．To prove the effectiveness of illeism. C．To show the intelligence of politicians. D．To explain the development of a language. 2. Which of the following sayings best reflects Solomon's Paradox? A．Out of sight, out of mind. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．A problem shared is a problem halved. D．You can't read the label from inside the jar. 3. How does illeism aid decision-making? A．People can accept others' advice with modesty. B．People can adjust personal habits to handle issues. C．People can perfect their judgment by increasing wisdom. D．People can gain a fresh perspective with positive emotions. 4. Where is this text probably taken from? A．A psychology blog. B．A historical biography. C．A self-help guide. D．A scientific journal. 3. 2025年云南曲靖模拟 Russell Cassevah has been obsessed with Legos since he was 4, when his mom let him pick out his first set after a trip to the doctor's office. As an adult, he took his love of Legos to another level: he broke Guinness world records for walking barefoot more than half a mile up and down a path covered with sharp Lego bricks. After his first world record, Cassevah decided he could use Legos for good: he quit his day job and began traveling the country to deliver free Legos to children's hospitals through the nonprofit he created, LittleBricks Charity. Each year, he uses donations to buy and give away more than $120,000 worth of Lego sets to 29 children's hospitals nationwide. Cassevah recently completed a road trip to the Arkansas Children's Northwest Hospital in Springdale, where he donated $9,000 worth of new Lego sets to young patients. One of them, Hewitt Kahana, was staying in the hospital for his third chemotherapy (化疗) treatment when he spotted Cassevah sitting at a table covered with new Lego sets. Hewitt has always been a Lego fan, and he had recently finished building a mini Egyptian pyramid at home in between treatments for a brain tumor. When Cassevah noticed Hewitt's excitement, he handed him a Lego Galaxy Explorer set and asked if he could help him to build it. Hewitt enthusiastically said yes. “Cassevah was really cool, and building Legos with him made me feel happy,” Hewitt said. “You could tell that Cassevah really cared about the kids and was there to bring smiles and encouragement. It was wonderful to watch him and Hewitt building and laughing,” added Hewitt's mom, Christen Sluyter. “When I build with kids, my goal is to create fun memories and give them a voice and let them talk. Hewitt knew so much about what he was going through. You could also tell that Legos were his escape and joy. More than anything, we laughed and had fun. Hewitt knew a lot about the bricks and even taught me a few things. My time with him reinforced my feeling that I'm on the right path,”Cassevah said. 1. What is the mission of Little Bricks Charity? A．To raise money for children with cancer. B．To gift legos to hospitalized children. C．To encourage kids to walk on Legos barefoot. D．To create world records related to legos. 2. What kind of person is Cassevah according to Christen Sluyter? A．Persistent. B．Caring. C．Humorous. D．Courageous. 3. What does the underlined word “reinforced” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Hid. B．Hurt. C．Strengthened. D．Reduced. 4. What is the best title for the text? A．Legos: Young Patients' Escape B．Sick Kids' Joy in Children' s Hospitals C．A Lego Fan's Great World Records D．From Walking on Legos to Donating Them 4. 2025年山东青岛模拟 It was a Tuesday night. In my apartment, I was doing three things at once – packing for a trip, trying to get dinner on the table and taking turns with my husband to calm a crying baby. Behind me, one work message after another popped up on my computer screen. I ignored them all. During dinner, a text appeared on my phone: “Where are u???”asked my colleague. I didn't reply to the text. This wasn't the first time I'd ignored a digital summons (召唤). I didn't mean to be disrespectful, but I was also aware of what I wanted my silence to communicate: This is not a priority for me now. For those who want to be polite, text-based digital communications can be extremely demanding. Ignoring a text message or an email feels rude, but should it? Cal Newport, the author of A World Without Email: Reimagining Work in an Age of Communication Overload, has argued in his book that the etiquette (礼节) of digital communications is and should be different from that of in-person or phone conversation, especially when it comes to the back and forth of hellos, goodbyes and other pleasantries (打趣话). “In an in-person conversation it can feel rude not to finalize an exchange,” he explained. “But in the context of digital communication, the sender often prefers avoiding the receipt of additional messages when possible.” Besides, in an era when we understand more and more the importance of rest and time away from screens, it is essential to prioritize our peace of mind and relationships with the people in our lives: when we're on vacation; when it's after 7 pm; when we're at the dinner table. It's also worth asking yourself who pressures you for immediate replies. Perhaps it's not the message sender, but you. A recent study found that we tend to overestimate our colleagues' expectations for non-urgent work emails outside of work hours. So instead of criticizing yourself for not responding right away, consider slowing down and giving yourself a break. 1. How does the author feel about ignoring the work message during family time? A．Guilty. B．Justified. C．Indifferent. D．Disrespectful. 2. How does Cal Newport view the etiquette of digital communication compared to that of in-person conversation? A．It should be the same. B．It should be abandoned. C．It should be more formal. D．It should be less demanding. 3. What should we do according to the last paragraph? A．Remember to put our family in the first place. B．Find a good way to balance our work and life. C．Realize the urgency and importance of our work. D．Avoid pushing ourselves to respond to messages. 4. Which of the following questions can be answered in the text? A．Is it always rude to ignore digital communications? B．Does politeness matter a lot in digital communications? C．Why should we depend less on digital communications? D．How can we express ourselves in digital communications? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年度高三英语总复习系列题型专项复习 「Unit 1 阅读理解题型训练」 「Section C 人与社会之社会服务与人际沟通 相关题型训练-训练2」 答 案 经典题目精读 把握最佳练习 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。 1. C 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段"The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织)to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s well being (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况。)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了减少孤独和提高老年人的幸福感。故选D项。 2. B 题型：推理判断题 根据第五段““It's good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.I'm enjoying the creative activities,and it feels great to have done something useful.”(有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好。)”可知，Ruth Xavier很享受做这些事，她觉得自己在做有用的事，这能够给她来良好的感觉，因此可知通过该项目她获得了一种成就感。故选B项。 3. C 题型：词句猜测题 根据倒数第二段"Wendy Wilson,extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street,one of the first to embark on the project,said:"Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefit sand fun the project can bring to people here.”(彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy Wilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embark on意为“开始着手做某事”,与C项“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选C项。 4. A 题型：推理判断题 根据倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.(居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。)”以及最后一段"Lynn Lewis,director of Notting Hill Pathways,said:"We are happy to be taking part in the project.It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities."(“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说：“我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来。”)”可知，该项目得到了居民们的认可，大家很欢迎这个项目，而且这个项目将会带来一些好处，因此可知这个项目的反响很好，很受欢迎。故选A项。 全文翻译： 伦敦养老院正让老年居民照料母鸡，以缓解他们的孤独感。 该项目由当地一家慈善组织构想发起，旨在减少孤独感、改善老年人福祉，同时也用于帮助痴呆症患者。多家养老院工作人员反馈，引入母鸡后，药物使用量有所减少。 80岁的露丝・泽维尔是项目参与者之一。她说：“我年轻时养过母鸡，每天上学前都得给它们准备早餐。” “我非常喜欢这个项目。早上我坐着轮椅去放母鸡出笼，晚上再去看它们是否归巢。” “这让生活有了不同的重心。人们带着孩子来看母鸡，老人们也会坐在外面观察它们。我享受这些富有创意的活动，做有用的事让我感觉很棒。” 目前，东北部20家养老院已有700位老人参与照料母鸡，该慈善组织已获得资金支持，计划将项目推广至全国。 彭福尔德街60号养老院是首批启动该项目的机构之一，其特护经理温迪・威尔逊表示：“居民们非常欢迎这个项目和创意活动，我们期待它能为这里的人们带来益处与乐趣。” 诺丁山路径（Notting Hill Pathways）机构负责人林恩・刘易斯称：“我们很高兴参与该项目。它能通过共同兴趣和创意活动，真正帮助居民建立联结。” 第四次阅读：短文填词，检验语法情况 1. to look 考查非谓语动词。不定式作目的状语，表 "给母鸡来照顾"，符合 give sth. to do 结构，故填 to look。 2. designed 考查非谓语动词。project 与 design 为被动关系，过去分词作后置定语，相当于 that is designed，故填 designed。 3. suffering 考查非谓语动词。patients 与 suffer 为主动关系，现在分词作后置定语，相当于 who suffer，故填 suffering。 4. where 考查定语从句。先行词 facilities 表地点，在从句中作状语，用关系副词 where 引导，故填 where。 5. kept 考查动词时态。childhood 为过去时间，用一般过去时，故填 kept。 6. letting 考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth. 固定搭配，in 可省略，故填 letting。 7. useful 考查词性转换。feel 为系动词，后接形容词作表语，use→useful，故填 useful。 8. to expand 考查非谓语动词。不定式作目的状语，表 "获得资金以扩展全国"，故填 to expand。 9. looking 考查非谓语动词。residents 与 look 为主动关系，现在分词作伴随状语，故填 looking。 10. effectively 考查词性转换。修饰动词 connects 用副词，effective→effectively，故填 effectively。 相同主题重现 体会主题奥秘 第1篇 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Peterson通过给流浪汉画画像而筹集资金帮助流浪汉的故事。 1. A 题型：细节理解题 根据第二段中"Inspired by the book’s kind message,Peterson made an unexpected decision:He was going to go outside and introduce himself.(受到书中善意信息的启发，彼得森做出了一个出人意料的决定：他要出去自我介绍一下。)”可知，Peterson受到一本书的启发，于是开始与Faris说话，故选A。 2. C 题型：细节理解题 根据第三段中"He’d moved here to pursue a career in music,but soon fell on hard times and ended up living on the street for more than a decade.(他来这里追求音乐事业，但很快就陷入困境，于是开始了长达十多年的街头生活。)”可知，Faris已经无家可归长达十多年了。故选C。 3. C 题型：细节理解题 根据最后一段中“But there's more to the finished products than the money they bring to someone who's down and out.(但成品的意义不仅仅在于它们为无家可归者带来的金钱。)”可知，Peterson用从画作中赚来的钱帮助无可归者摆脱困境。故选C。 4. D 题型：推理判断题 根据最后一段中““People often tell me,'I was the one that would cross the street.But I see homeless people differently now.”Peterson says."I didn’t know that would happen."(“人们经常告诉我，‘我以前是会过马路的人。但现在我看无家可归者的方式不同了。'”彼得森。“我没想到会这样。”)”可推知，Peterson没有预料到这些买家会对无家可归的人有了不同的看法，这是他对买家产生的影响，由此可推知，他没有料想到对买家产生影响。故选D。 全文翻译： 2015年夏天，布莱恩・彼得森和妻子凡妮莎刚搬到加州圣安娜。公寓外的街角，常坐着一个衣衫凌乱的流浪汉，对着街道大喊。彼得森在起亚汽车公司担任汽车设计师，每天路过时都会看到这个人，但两人从未交谈——他们能有什么共同之处呢？ 一天，彼得森正在读《爱即行动》，书中讲述爱的力量如何改变现实。就在这时，窗外流浪汉的声音打断了他的阅读。受书中善意理念的启发，他做出了一个意外的决定：走出去，做自我介绍。 第一次交谈中，彼得森得知这个人名叫马特・法里斯。他曾为追求音乐梦想搬到这里，却很快陷入困境，最终在街头流浪了十多年。作为克利夫兰艺术学院的毕业生，彼得森被他的故事触动，忍不住问能否为他画一幅肖像。法里斯答应了。 与法里斯的相遇，促使彼得森创立了“圣安娜面孔”非营利组织，专注于与无家可归者建立友谊，并为他们绘制肖像。他将画作以数千美元售出，把收入存入为模特设立的“爱心账户”，再帮助他们用这笔钱重新立足。 许多新结识的朋友用捐款解决了燃眉之急——支付医疗费、住酒店、购买食物。但彼得森学会了不主观臆断他人的需求。“为什么不直接问他们呢？”他说。法里斯就用肖像画的收入录制了专辑，实现了音乐梦想。 彼得森已亲自绘制了41幅这样的肖像。但这些作品的意义远不止于为落魄者带来金钱：他发现，买画的人往往会被画中人物的故事吸引，在他们身上找到共鸣，甚至与原本可能忽视或带有偏见的人建立友谊。“常有人告诉我，‘以前我会刻意绕开他们，但现在看待流浪汉的眼光完全不同了。’”彼得森说，“我从没想过会有这样的影响。” 第2篇 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了心理学和认知领域的专家通过研究发现，使用第三人称代替第一人称(即使用代词“他/她”代替“我”来指代自己)这一古老的修辞手法(illeism)可以让人在面临艰难抉择时保持冷静，避开杂乱情绪对判断的干扰，有助于更清楚地看待事情，做出更有智慧的选择，并能减轻压力和增加积极情绪。 1. B 题型：推理判断题 第一段中“Yet,few have proven as surprisingly effective as the ancient practice of illeism.(然而，很少有像illeism这种古老的做法被证明如此惊人地有效。)”以及“Politicians often use this device to sound more objective,as Julius Caesar did in his account of the Galic War,writing "Caesar avenged(……投仇)the public"instead of"I avenged the public."Simply put,illesmis the act of referring to oneself in the third person instead of the first person.(政治家们经常使用这种手法来使自己听起来更客观，就像朱利叶斯凯撒在他的《高卢战记》中所做的那样，他写道“凯撒为公众复仇了”,而不是“我为公众复仇了”。简而言之，illeism就是用第三人称指代自己，而不是用第一人称。)”可知，第一段中提到Julius Caesar的例子是为了证明像illeism这种古老的做法被证明如此惊人地有效，即为了证明illeism的有效性。故选B。 2. D 题型：推理判断题 根据第三段中“Research by lgor Grossmann at the University of Waterloo shows that we're naturally better at being"wise”when dealing with other people’s problems than our own.This is known as Solomon’s Paradox(悖论),which explains why giving your best friend advice is a breeze(微风),but solving your own is a drama.(滑铁卢大学伊戈尔格罗斯曼的研究表明，在处理别人的问题时，我们天生就比处理自己的问题时更“明智”。这被称为所罗门悖论，它解释了为什么给最好的朋友提建议轻而易举，但解决自己的问题却充满曲折。)”可知，所罗门悖论指的是人们在处理别人的问题时往往比处理自己的问题时更明智。选项D"You can'tread the label from inside the jar.(你往往难以看清自己的问题)”恰好反映了这一悖论，意味着人们往往难以看清自己的问题，就像无法从罐子内部看清标签一样。故选D。 3. D 题型：细节理解题 根据文章第四段中的“By shifting to the third person,we step back from our negative emotions and gain another perspective.(通过切换到第三人称，我们从负面情绪中抽身出来，获得了另一个视角)”以及"Studies show that people who tried this displayed more modesty—basically,they made clearer decisions and leveled up their wisdom game.(研究表明，尝试过这种方法的人表现得更谦虚——基本上，他们做出了更清晰的决定，提升了他们的智慧水平。)”可知，illeism(用第三人称指代自己)有助于决策，因为它使人们能够从负面情绪中抽离出来，从而获得一个新的视角来看待问题，由此做出更清晰的决定。因此，D选项“People can gain a fresh perspective with positive emotions.(人们可以用积极的情绪获得一个新的视角)”符合题意。故选D。 4. A 题型：推理判断题 通读全文，文章主要介绍了illeism(用第三人称指代自己)这一做法在心理学和认知领域的应用和效果，说明其有助于人们在面临决策时保持冷静，避开杂乱情绪对判断的干扰。由此推断出这篇文章很可能来自一个心理学博客。故选A。 全文翻译： 作为一名专注于心理学与人类认知的作家，我探索过无数提升脑力的技巧，但很少有比“第三人称自我指涉”（illeism）这一古老做法更令人惊讶的有效手段。政治家常借此营造客观形象——正如尤利乌斯・凯撒在《高卢战记》中写道“凯撒为公众复仇”，而非“我为公众复仇”。简言之，illeism指用第三人称而非第一人称称呼自己的行为。 对现代人而言，这种自我表述方式或许显得过于正式或怪异，但科学证明其效果惊人。当面临艰难抉择时，用第三人称说话能帮助保持冷静，摆脱干扰判断的混乱情绪——仿佛给大脑留出空间以纵观全局。 滑铁卢大学伊戈尔・格罗斯曼的研究表明：处理他人问题时，我们天生更易展现“智慧”，这被称为“所罗门悖论”——解释了为何给好友提建议易如反掌，解决自身难题却举步维艰。 第三人称自我指涉能否破解这一悖论？格罗斯曼的研究给出肯定答案。通过切换至第三人称视角，我们能从负面情绪中抽离，获得新视角。多项研究显示，尝试此方法者表现出更强的谦逊态度——具体而言，他们决策更清晰，智慧水平显著提升。一项实验甚至发现，用第三人称写日记一个月的参与者，开始以全新视角看待日常情境，且报告称压力更小、心态更积极。 我自己也试过，说实话，真的有用！无论是棘手的工作决策、家庭矛盾还是友情维系，这种思维转换都让我看得更透、行动更周全。起初或许有些奇怪，但效果惊人。如果你想找一种有趣又简单的方式理清思路，何不一试？说不定会发现自己内心的“凯撒”呢。 第3篇 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了罗素卡塞瓦(Rusell Cassevah)从小热爱乐高，成年后甚至创造了赤脚在乐高积木上行走的世界纪录。之后，他决定用乐高做更有意义的事情，创建了非营利组织“小砖块慈善机构”(LittleBricks Charity),致力于向全国的儿童医院捐赠乐高积木，给住院儿童带去快乐。 1. B 题型：细节理解题 根据文章第二段中的“he quit his day job and began traveling the country to deliver free Legos to children's hospitals through the nonprofit he created,LittleBricks Charity(他辞去了日常工作，并开始通过他创立的非营利组织LittleBricks Charity,在全国各地向儿童医院免费赠送乐高积木)”可知，Cassevah辞去了日常工作，开始通过他创建的非营利组织LitleBricks Charity向儿童医院免费赠送乐高积木。因此，Little Bricks Charity的使命是给住院儿童赠送乐高积木。 2. B 题型：推理判断题 根据文章第四段中Hewitt的妈妈Christen Sluyter所说的话“You could tell that Cassevah really cared about the kids and was there to bring smiles and encouragement.It was wonderful to watch him and Hewitt building and laughing,"added Hewitt's mom,Christen Sluyter.(“你可以看出，Cassevah非常关心这些孩子，他想给他们带来笑容和鼓励。看着他和Hewitt一起搭建乐高、开怀大笑，真是太好了，”Hewitt的妈妈Christen Sluyter补充道”可知，Cassevah非常关心孩子们，并给他们带去微笑和鼓励。因此，可以推断出Cassevah是一个有爱心的人。故选B。 3. C 题型：词义猜测题 根据文章最后一段中划线词前面的内容"More than anything,we laughed and had fun.Hewitt knew a lot about the bricks and even taught me a few things.(最重要的是，我们笑了，玩得很开心。Hewitt知道很多关于乐高的知识，甚至还教了我一些东西”以及划线词所在的句子“My time with him reinforced my feeling that I'm on the right path(和他在一起的时光让我更加reinforced自己走在了正确的道路上)”可知，Hewitt知道很多关于乐高的知识，甚至还教了Cassevah一些东西，因此与Hewitt在一起的时间加强了Cassevah觉得自己走在正确道路上的感觉。因此，可以推断出"reinforced”在此处的意思是“加强、巩固”,选项C"Strengthened.(增强，加强)”与其意思相近。故选C。 4. D 题型：主旨大意题 通读全文文章主要讲述了Cassevah从小热爱乐高，成年后创造了赤脚在乐高积木上行走的世界纪录，之后他决定用乐高做更有意义的事情，于是辞去了工作，开始通过他创建的非营利组织向儿童医院捐赠乐高积木。因此，D选项"From Walking on Legos to Donating Them(从在乐高上行走到捐赠它们”符合文章标题。故选D。 全文翻译： 拉塞尔・卡塞瓦从4岁起就对乐高痴迷不已——那年看完医生后，母亲让他挑选了人生第一套乐高积木。成年后，他将这份热爱推向极致：赤脚在铺满尖锐乐高积木的小径上行走半英里，打破了吉尼斯世界纪录。 创下首个世界纪录后，卡塞瓦决定让乐高发挥更大价值：他辞去日常工作，通过创立的非营利组织“小积木慈善机构”周游全国，为儿童医院免费捐赠乐高。每年，他用捐款购买价值超过12万美元的乐高套装，分送给全美29家儿童医院。 最近，卡塞瓦完成了一次前往斯普林代尔市阿肯色西北儿童医院的公路之旅，向小患者们捐赠了价值9000美元的全新乐高套装。其中一位名叫休伊特・卡哈纳的男孩正在接受第三次化疗，当他看到卡塞瓦坐在摆满新乐高的桌旁时，眼中立刻燃起光芒。休伊特一直是乐高迷，此前在脑瘤治疗间隙，他刚在家完成了一座迷你埃及金字塔的搭建。 卡塞瓦注意到休伊特的兴奋，递给他一套“银河探险家”乐高套装，并问能否一起拼搭。休伊特立刻雀跃应允。“卡塞瓦真的很酷，和他一起玩乐高让我很开心，”休伊特说，“你能感觉到他真心关心孩子们，来这里就是为了带来笑容和鼓励。”休伊特的母亲克里斯滕・斯卢伊特补充道：“看着他们一边搭建一边笑，太美好了。” “和孩子们一起拼乐高时，我的目标是创造有趣的回忆，让他们敞开心扉说话，”卡塞瓦说，“休伊特对自己的治疗过程非常了解，也能看出乐高是他的精神寄托和快乐源泉。最重要的是，我们一起欢笑、享受乐趣。他对乐高砖块的了解比我还多，甚至教会了我一些技巧。和他相处的时光让我更加确信，自己走在正确的道路上。” 第4篇 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文讲述了作者在一个忙碌的夜晚选择忽略工作消息，以及对此行为的看法，同时提到了数字通信礼仪与面对面交流礼仪的差异，并强调了休息和远离屏幕的重要性。 1. B 题型：推理判断题 根据第二段“I didn't reply to the text.This wasn't the first time I'd ignored a digital summons(召唤).I didn't mean to be disrespectful,but I was also aware of what I wanted my silence to communicate:This is not a priority for me now.(我没有回复短信。这不是我第一次无视电子召唤。我并不是有意失礼，但我也意识到我想用我的沉默传达什么:这不是我现在的首要任务)”可知，作者认为在家庭时间忽略工作信息是合理的。故选B。 2. D 题型：推理判断题 根据第四段“Cal Newport,the author of A World Without Email:Reimagining Work in an Age of Communication Overload,has argued in his book that the etiquette (礼节)of digital communications is and should be different from that of in-person or phone conversation,especially when it comes to the back and forth of hellos,goodbyes and other pleasantries(打趣话)."In an in-person conversation it can feel rude not to finalize an exchange,"he explained."But in the context of digital communication,the sender often prefers avoiding the receipt of additional messages when possible."(《没有电子邮件的世界：在沟通超载的时代重塑工作》一书的作者卡尔纽波特在他的书中指出，数字通信的礼仪是，也应该不同于面对面或电话交谈，尤其是在来回打招呼、道别和其他寒暄时。他解释说：“在面对面的交谈中，不完成交流会让人觉得不礼貌。但在数字通信的背景下，发送者往往希望尽可能避免收到额外的信息。”)”可知，与面对面的交谈相比，卡尔·纽波特认为数字通信的礼仪不应该那么苛刻。故选D。 3. D 题型：细节理解题 根据最后一段"It's also worth asking yourself who pressures you for immediate replies.Perhaps it's not the message sender,but you.A recent study found that we tend to overestimate our colleagues expectations for non-urgent work emails outside of work hours.So instead of criticizing yourself for not responding right away,consider slowing down and giving yourself a break.(你也应该问问自己，是谁迫使你立即回复。也许不是信息发送者的问题，而是你的问题。最近的一项研究发现，我们往往高估了同事在工作时间之外收到非紧急工作邮件的期望。所以，与其批评自己没有立即做出反应，不如考虑慢下来，让自己休息一下)”可知，我们应该避免强迫自己回复信息。故选D。 4. A 题型：推理判断题 根据第三段“For those who want to be polite,text-based digital communications can be extremely demanding.Ignoring a text message or an email feels rude,but should it?(对于那些想要礼貌的人来说，基于文本的数字通信可能是非常苛刻的。忽略短信或电子邮件会让人觉得很粗鲁，但真是这样吗?)”结合本文讲述了作者在一个忙碌的夜晚选择忽略工作消息，以及对此行为的看法，同时提到了数字通信礼仪与面对面交流礼仪的差异，并强调了休息和远离屏幕的重要性。可知，A选项“忽视数字通信总是不礼貌的吗?”的问题可以在文中找到答案。故选A。 全文翻译： 那是一个周二晚上，我在公寓里同时做着三件事——收拾旅行行李、准备晚餐，还要和丈夫轮流哄哭闹的婴儿。身后的电脑屏幕上，工作消息弹窗此起彼伏，我全都视而不见。晚餐时，手机弹出一条短信：“你在哪？”同事问道。 我没有回复。这不是我第一次忽略数字召唤。我并非有意失礼，但也清楚这份沉默想传达的信息：此刻这并非我的优先事项。 对注重礼节的人而言，基于文本的数字沟通往往令人应接不暇。忽略短信或邮件看似无礼，但真的该如此吗？ 《无邮件世界：在沟通过载时代重构工作》一书作者卡尔・纽波特在书中提出，数字通信的礼仪应当有别于面对面或电话交流，尤其是在来回寒暄、道别等客套环节。“面对面交谈时，不完成对话收尾会显得失礼，”他解释道，“但在数字沟通中，发送者往往更希望尽可能避免收到额外回复。” 此外，在我们愈发重视休息和屏幕外时间的时代，守护内心平静、优先经营现实人际关系至关重要——无论是在度假时、晚上7点后，还是在餐桌旁。 不妨问问自己：究竟是谁在逼迫你即时回复？或许压力并非来自发信人，而是你自己。近期研究发现，我们往往会高估同事对非紧急工作邮件的下班回复期待。因此，与其因未立即回应而自责，不如试着放慢节奏，给自己喘口气的空间。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$