1第一章 阅读理解解题策略与训练-【初高中·衔接直通车】2025年初升高英语衔接直通车

第一章　阅读理解解题策略与训练 阅读理解专练 A 【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可以让失明孩子运用多种感官体验艺术的新形式。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Art is typically focused on visuals, but ‘dreamscapes’ is aimed at more.Sight, touch and smell are a big part of it, as well as emotional feelings.It uses different sounds, smells and substances (物质) in the artwork and allows people to walk through spaces with different themes.(艺术通常专注于视觉效果，但‘dreamscapes’的目标更多。视觉、触觉和嗅觉以及情感体验是其中很大的一部分。它在艺术品中使用不同的声音、气味和物质，允许人们在不同主题的空间中穿行。)”可知， “dreamscapes”注重各种感官，故选B。 2.A　推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘I couldn't hold back my tears，’ said Andrea Silva, ‘dreamscapes’ manager.‘I've never seen a visitor so lost in and curious about the art.We wanted it to be accessible to everyone, including and especially kids.’(‘梦境’公司经理Andrea Silva说‘我忍不住流下了眼泪，我从未见过一位参观者如此沉迷于艺术，对艺术如此好奇。我们希望每个人都能体验它，包括而且尤其是孩子们。’)”可知，Silva看到孩子们感受艺术时如此的投入和好奇，忍不住落泪，说明他是非常的感动，故选A。 3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And just because a child is blind or visually impaired (受损的) doesn't mean that they shouldn't have the same opportunity.They absolutely need to be close to art, and we have to be a little more creative in making sure we provide that.(而仅仅因为孩子是盲人或视力受损，并不意味着他们不应该有同样的机会。他们绝对需要接近艺术，而我们必须更具创造性，以确保我们能提供他们这样的机会。)”可知，这一段重点强调了盲人或视力受损的孩子也需要接触艺术，这也是他们帮助这样失明的孩子体验艺术的原因，故选C。 B 【语篇导读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了作者关于“天赋”的观点，认为天赋并不是天生的，而是可以通过练习与提能、热情与激情、伴随天才左右三个方面来创造出“天赋”。 4.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is, in fact, very likely that if some of us ‘talented ones’ had actually been practicing and improving our skill, we would have achieved a whole different level.(事实上，如果我们中的一些‘有才华的人’实际上一直在练习和提高我们的技能，我们很可能已经达到了一个完全不同的水平。)”可知，练习有助于天赋才能。故选C。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As Remus Badea said, desire for the musician­to­be is significant for them to be successful.(正如Remus Badea所说，对未来音乐家的渴望对他们的成功具有重要意义。)”可知，渴望(即热情)是很重要的。故选A。 6.D　推理判断题。最后一段提到音频制作人和艺术家的关系是为了验证作者关于天赋的第三个观点，即前面提到的“having talent around you”和“The more talented people in the group, the more talented the group is as a whole”，进一步展示了和有才能的人在一起的好处(即自己也会变得更好)。故选D。 7.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Before I start, I'd like to say that one thing everyone agrees on is that the most skilled musicians have worked hard to get there.(在我开始之前，我想说的是每个人都同意的一件事是最熟练的音乐家已经努力工作到达那里。)”可推知，作者赞同音乐家是通过努力创造出来的，而不是天生的，故选D。 C 【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了声音可以对学习、表现力和创造力产生影响，主要讲述噪音和创造力的关系。 8.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low.(他们发现，当背景噪音处于中等水平时，人们比音量较低时更有创造力。)”可知，一定程度的噪音可能对人们的创造力有好处。故选D。 9.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Medium arousal is best for good performance.(中等程度的唤醒是最好的表现。)”及“With that in mind, Perham suggests there may be some benefits to playing music or other sounds in an art class or other situations where creativity is key.(考虑到这一点，佩姆建议，在艺术课或其他创造力是关键的情况下，播放音乐或其他声音可能有一些好处。)”可以推知，在艺术课上老师播放音乐或其他声音可能有一些好处。故选B。 10.D　词义猜测题。根据画线部分的前一句“Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can improve IQ in tasks, the so­called Mozart effect.(许多人的灵感来自这样一种信念：听音乐可以提高任务智商， 即所谓的莫扎特效应。)”，同时结合画线处后“researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well(但研究人员确实认为，在完成任务前发出悦耳的声音有时能提升你的情绪，帮助你表现出色)”可以推知，画线部分所在句子的意思为“尽管这个证据表明怀疑音乐在提高智商方面的力量”，即画线部分意为“怀疑音乐在提高智商方面的力量”。故选D。 11.B　标题归纳题。根据第一段“Was your school noisy or peaceful？It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity.(你的学校是嘈杂的还是平静的 ？这似乎不重要，但越来越多的研究表明，声音可以对学习、表现和创造力产生影响)”；第三段中“Medium arousal is best for good performance.So it might be ...where creativity is key.”(中等唤醒是最好的表现。 因此， 可能是背景中的一般嗡嗡声给出了理想的唤醒水平，考虑到这一点，佩姆建议，在艺术课或其他创造性是关键的情况下，演奏音乐或其他声音可能有—些好处。) 可知，本文讲述的是噪音与音乐创作之间的联系。“音乐碰上噪音，会带来好处吗？”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。 D 【语篇导读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者因为社交媒体中无处不在的成功，而变得容易嫉妒他人。因为他在日常生活中并不会这样，所以对此感到非常苦恼。最终在朋友的指导下，学会了庆祝自己的成功，破除心魔。 12.B　推理判断题。通过文章第一段“With the social media freely available, I've realized how easy it is to become a jealous cow.The truth is that however much I remind myself of the many wonderful things I have in my life, there are still moments when I look at those around me and feel bitterly upset by their success.(随着社交媒体的免费使用，我意识到成为嫉妒的牛是多么容易。事实是，尽管我经常提醒自己生命中有许多美好的事情，但仍有一些时刻，当我看着周围的人，为他们的成功感到痛苦不安。)”可推知，因为社交媒体的随处可及，导致别人的成功频繁出现在自己眼前，因此容易引起嫉妒。故选B。 13.A　推理判断题。通过文章第三段“It's easier to celebrate other people's wins if you celebrate your own.(如果你庆祝自己的胜利，那就更容易庆祝别人的胜利。)”以及文章第四段“When I told a friend how I was feeling, she reminded me how much easier it is to clap for someone else when we also clap for ourselves.(当我告诉一个朋友我的感受时，她提醒我，当我们也为自己鼓掌时，为别人鼓掌是多么容易。)”可推知，想要为他人的成功感到高兴，得先学会为自己的成果庆祝，感谢我们自己所做的一切。故选A。 14.D　推理判断题。通过文章第五段“The other trick for celebrating other people's success is to realize that there is no limit on success.We can make more, which means that while it might seem as if others have everything and we have nothing, the reality is that life turns quickly and our luck could change at any time.(庆祝别人成功的另一个技巧是要意识到成功是无限的。我们可以制造更多，这意味着，虽然看起来好像别人拥有一切，而我们什么都没有，但现实是，生活瞬变万化，我们的运气随时可能改变。)”可推知，消除嫉妒的方法之一是要意识到成功是没有限制的，之前会感到嫉妒的原因，是因为作者看到了别人成功，并且认为自己不会成功，实际上，我们的运气随时可能改变，要相信自己也可以成功，所以消除嫉妒的关键之一在于对成功态度的转变。故选D。 15.A　标题归纳题。通过文章主旨大意以及文章第五段“When we celebrate others, we're acknowledging their achievements but also cheering for ourselves as well as for our hopes and dreams and our belief that we can make them happen.And hopefully, when we do, those people will cheer for us too.(当我们为他人庆祝时，我们是在承认他们的成就，同时也是在为自己喝彩，也为自己的希望、梦想和我们相信自己能实现它们而喝彩。希望到时候，那些人也会为我们欢呼。)”可知，最后作者认为，当我们为别人喝彩时，也是在为自己喝彩。A项“为我们感到高兴！”符合文意，最适合作为文章的标题。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第一章　阅读理解解题策略与训练 阅读理解是中学阶段考查学生英语综合能力的一个重要题型。在初中阶段这一题型所设问题比较直接，基本上读懂了阅读材料就能做对题目，通常以选择、判断正误和任务型阅读三种方式呈现。 高中阶段词汇量明显增加，所设题答案有的需要跨段搜集信息，题目设置可能会有顺序与全文行文顺序不一致，题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致等诸多变化，这就要求学生学会快速捕捉文章信息，具备一定的阅读技巧。新高考阅读理解题共两节，加上七选五，文章共5篇，以选择题形式呈现，满分50分，题型主要包括主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题和上下文衔接题等类型。 一、初中阅读理解试题特点 1.就题材而言，阅读理解短文内容广泛，有哲理故事、科普环保、广告新闻、常识介绍等。这些短文都贴近考生的生活，具有较强的时代性、思想性和教育性。 2.从考查的具体内容来看，有细节理解题、推理判断题、简单计算题、词义猜测题、归纳概括题以及主旨大意题等。 二、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解是中考必考题型，也是提分的关键题型，因此我们要掌握一定的技巧才能取得更好的成绩。 (一)通读全文，掌握大意 一般来说，当我们看到阅读题的时候，一定要先粗略看一下，大体明白文章大意。争取用很少的时间，运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。 (二)明确问题，高效阅读 对于看不懂的文章，最好先看题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后带着这些问题去原文中找到相关的考点，从而可以高效率地阅读文章，获取有效信息，找出正确的答案。 (三)加强训练，积累提升 平时要加大阅读量的训练，多接触各种体裁的阅读资料，特别要注意社会热点以及近期发生的重大新闻等，这样经过强化训练和日常的积累必将达到阅读能力的飞跃提升。 (四)注意阅读速度的提高 一般来说，中考时考试时间是有限的，这就要求考生尽量用最短的时间完成阅读理解题，以便留出足够的时间仔细检查和甄别答案，因此在平时一定要注意阅读速度的训练。在做题之前，先给自己规定好时间，在规定的时间内完成任务。只有这样，才能逐渐提高阅读速度。 (五)树立信心 大部分考生对阅读理解题感到头痛，做题时总会产生畏惧的心理。所以在平时一定要扩大词汇和词组的积累，加大阅读量的训练，提高阅读速度，树立信心。 (六)分析所设问题的种类，按类别做处理 1.细节理解题 考查把握文章事实和细节的能力。此类题型的问题以what，who，which，when，where，how或者why等疑问词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求学生回答。 这类题常见的命题方式有： Which of the following is RIGHT? Which of the following is NOT mentioned? Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? 2.主旨归纳题 考查读者对文章中心思想的理解能力。 这类题常见的命题方式有： What's the main idea/subject of this passage? Which is the best title for the passage? The main point of the passage is... This passage tells us that... This passage mainly talks about... 3.词义猜测题 考查根据上下文猜测生词和短语含义的能力。 这类题常见的命题方式有： The word/phrase “________” in the passage probably means ________. The underlined word/phrase “______” in the passage refers to ________. Here “________” means________. 4.推理判断题 这类题要求学生能够根据文章提供的具体事实，经过思考分析，概括出文章的中心思想，或推断出文章中没有加以阐述的观点或结论。 这类题常见的命题方式有： We can guess the writer of the letter may be a________. We can infer from the text that________. From the story we can guess________. What would happen if...? From the passage we've learned that it's very to know something about... 5.意图、态度题 这类题要求学生不仅要看懂文章，还要从字里行间体会作者的意图和情绪。 这类题常见的命题方式有： How did the writer feel at...? The writer writes this text to ________. The writer believes that ________. The writer suggests that ________. 高中阅读理解部分要求考生读懂书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般性话题的短文以及公告、说明、广告(生词量不超过3%)等，并能从中获取相关信息。 我们应做到： (1)理解主旨和要义； (2)理解文中具体信息； (3)根据上下文推断生词的词义； (4)做出判断和推理； (5)理解文章的基本结构； (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 一、测试特点 既考查阅读速度，又考查多种语言运用能力，要求我们在限定的时间内阅读文章，领悟文章意图，捕捉文中信息并找出题目答案。题目设置易、中、难题，以中等难度试题居多。阅读理解不仅检测我们理解、概括、推理等逻辑思维的精确性、深刻性和敏捷性，而且检验我们的心理素质。 二、题型设计 高中阅读理解题在设计上从题干到选项都具有灵活巧妙、含蓄隐蔽等特点，我们必须在明确题意、排除干扰、找出依据的前提下，经过深刻思考才能定夺答案。题型主要有六类： 1.主旨大意题 就段落或短文的主题(theme or topic)、主旨要义(main idea)、标题(title)等拟题。 2.细节理解题 一般只针对某个特定的细节，有时也可能涉及若干个细节，或针对文章的主要事实，或利用图片等来设置选项。 3.猜测词义题 推测词义的方法主要有以下几种： (1)根据定义或解释推测； (2)根据同义、反义、同位关系推测； (3)根据因果关系推测。因此，设置推测词义题目也通常从这几个方面入手。 4.推理判断题 推理和判断是很重要的阅读技能，要求学生能够理解文章中某些语句的言外之意。常见的推断方式有五种： (1)依据数据推断； (2)依据事实推断； (3)依据语气推断； (4)依据细节推断； (5)依据全文内容推断。 5.文章结构题 就文章结构、文脉，句与句，段与段之间的逻辑关系拟题。 6.作者意图题 (1)根据文章整体内容拟题(如写作意图)； (2)根据文章细节内容拟题(如作者的观点、态度)。 A Emory Jensen, a 10­year­old fourth­grader, ran her fingers across a wall covered in artwork as she walked through an art exhibit.“It's something that would get me in trouble or kicked out elsewhere，” she said unbelievably. But Emory, who is unable to see, wasn't kicked out, because it wasn't at a typical art museum, but at the fully immersive (沉浸式的) art experience called “dreamscapes” as part of a field trip designed to help expose blind students to art.“We can all just feel it and it's not what we can only look at，” she continued.“It's awesome.The experience is like that in Alice in Wonderland.” The student also said she wanted to visit again with her cousin who suffers the same inborn eyesight problem. “Most of these students probably have never been able to go to an art museum or really get to experience what art is，” said Kate Borg, director of blind campus programs.Art is typically focused on visuals, but “dreamscapes” is aimed at more.Sight, touch and smell are a big part of it, as well as emotional feelings.It uses different sounds, smells and substances (物质) in the artwork and allows people to walk through spaces with different themes. Some staff were blown away to watch the children experience the art.“I couldn't hold back my tears，” said Andrea Silva, “dreamscapes” manager.“I've never seen a visitor so lost in and curious about the art.We wanted it to be accessible to everyone, including and especially kids.” Accessibility for art is vital, Borg said.“We read research after research that talks about creativity and art being so important for children in their development and growth，” she said.“And just because a child is blind or visually impaired (受损的) doesn't mean that they shouldn't have the same opportunity.They absolutely need to be close to art, and we have to be a little more creative in making sure we provide that.” 1.What can be learned about “dreamscapes”？ A.It is open to the students only. B.It is focused on various senses. C.It is built with special materials. D.It is decorated to look like a fantasy world. 2.How did Silva feel when seeing kids experience the art? A.Touched.　　　　 B.Curious. C.Proud. D.Puzzled. 3.What does Borg stress in the last paragraph? A.The necessity for children to research art. B.The way to get children to think creatively. C.The reason to help blind kids get access to art. D.The importance for blind kids to develop overall. B What is talent? Are you born with it? Or does it seem to develop over time? Before I start, I'd like to say that one thing everyone agrees on is that the most skilled musicians have worked hard to get there. While it's true that a few of us had enough “talent” to avoid extra practice to do just as well as those who did, those who worked hard easily beat us.It is, in fact, very likely that if some of us “talented ones” had actually been practicing and improving our skill, we would have achieved a whole different level. Another aspect of talent seems to be heart and passion (酷爱).The people I see who are the most talented musicians are crazy about music.They eat, breathe, and live music and they make an extraordinary effort to make it part of their lives.As Remus Badea said, desire for the musician­to­be is significant for them to be successful.This desire is easily found in those considered to be talented.When you want and love something so bad, it drives you and your entire character can be shaped around it.Such determined passion seems to produce incredible skill and talent. The third aspect (方面) of talent is having talent around you.When surrounded by talented musicians, it only seems natural that you start to catch up to their level.Take a look at almost any group of musicians in history.The more talented people in the group the more talented the group is as a whole.A great example of this is the relationship between audio producer and artist.The artist turns up to the studio with their song, and as they work through recording it, the audio producer will often suggest various changes to the song to make it better. 4.What can we learn from paragraph 2? A.Pride goes before a fall. B.It's never too old to learn. C.Practice contributes to talent. D.Talent determines achievements. 5.What is the key to success according to Remus Badea? A.Passion. B.Character. C.Skill. D.Talent. 6.Why is the example mentioned in the last paragraph? A.To introduce what real talents are. B.To explain how a song is composed. C.To prove talents need team spirit. D.To show the benefits of being with talents. 7.What might the author probably agree with? A.Music has no limits. B.Musicians are born with talent. C.Music favors the talented. D.Musicians are created, not born. C Was your school noisy or peaceful? It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity. Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is—and the volume.In a series of studies published last year, Ravi Mehta from the College of Business at Illinois and his colleagues tested people's creativity while exposed to a soundtrack made up of background noises—such as coffee­shop chatter and construction­site drilling—at different volumes.They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low.Loud background noise, however, damaged their creativity. This makes sense for a couple of reasons, says psychologist Dr Nick Perham, at Cardiff Metropolitan University in the UK, who studies the effect of sounds on learning but was not involved in the study.Firstly, he says, sounds that are most disturbing tend to be very variable.A general hum(嗡嗡声)in the background suggests a steady­state sound with not much variation.“So there's not much there to capture your attention—nothing disturbing the subjects，”he says.At the same time, the background noise might cause the subjects to be in a slightly heightened state of arousal(觉醒), says Perham.“Medium arousal is best for good performance.So it might be that a general hum in the background gives an ideal level of arousal.” With that in mind, Perham suggests there may be some benefits to playing music or other sounds in an art class or other situations where creativity is key. Many teachers all over the world already play music to students in class.Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can improve IQ in tasks, the so­called Mozart effect.While the evidence actually suggests it's_a_stretch to say classical music improves brainpower, researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well, says Perham, who has done his own studies on the phenomenon.The key appears to be that you enjoy what you're hearing.“If you like the music or you like the sound—even listening to a Stephen King novel—then you did better.It didn't matter about the music，” he says. 8.Which of the following is true according to the studies by Ravi Mehta and Nick Perham? A.It's better not to expose people to any background noise while at work. B.Construction­site drilling should be forbidden where there is a school. C.Noises will harm people's health however low their volumes are. D.A certain level of noise may do good to people's creativity. 9.According to Dr Nick Perham, it can be inferred that in an art class, teachers had better ________. A.keep the classroom quiet B.play music at a steady and medium volume C.broadcast classical music D.vary the volume of the music constantly 10.In the last paragraph, the underlined part “it's a stretch” is used to ________. A.prove the usefulness of pleasing sounds B.confirm the belief of Mozart effect C.challenge the importance of soft music D.cast doubt on the power of music in raising IQ 11.Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A.Learning Power: Noise and Music Work B.Noise Meeting Music: A Blessing? C.Noise or Music: Creativity in Danger D.Brainpower: More Music and Less Noise D With the social media freely available, I've realized how easy it is to become a jealous cow.The truth is that however much I remind myself of the many wonderful things I have in my life，there are still moments when I look at those around me and feel bitterly upset by their success. It's a horrible thing to admit! In an ideal world, I'd never want to be jealous of another person's achievements and I'd want to celebrate the successes of my friends.But sometimes it's hard, even when we want to.But I don't want to live my life as a jealous cow, and I assume you don't either. It's easier to celebrate other people's wins if you celebrate your own.How often do we take the time to enjoy our success rather than instantly move onto the next thing we want to achieve? Last year, I decided to write a book.It was the only professional goal I set for myself and, while it tired me out, I got there.But as soon as it was done, I started planning my next goal—making the book a success.As I saw other people publishing books, I stopped celebrating and instead began to fear that mine wouldn't compete. When I told a friend how I was feeling, she reminded me how much easier it is to clap for someone else when we also clap for ourselves.So, I took myself out for lunch, ordered a glass of wine and wrote myself a congratulations card.When I saw all those other books being written on my social media, I felt proud of each and every one of us who had battled to the end of the word count. The other trick for celebrating other people's success is to realize that there is no limit on success.We can make more, which means that while it might seem as if others have everything and we have nothing, the reality is that life turns quickly and our luck could change at any time.If others have achieved those things, we can too.When we celebrate others, we're acknowledging their achievements but also cheering for ourselves as well as for our hopes and dreams and our belief that we can make them happen.And hopefully, when we do, those people will cheer for us too. 12.What can we infer from paragraph 1? A.Social media is the source of the author's jealousy. B.Frequent successes on social media encourage envy. C.It is a pleasure to face others' successes on social media. D.People tend to be crazy about immediate success online. 13.As far as the author is concerned，what should we do after achieving success? A.Appreciate what's been done. B.Show it off on social media. C.Reflect on gains and losses. D.Wait for others' congratulations. 14.One of the keys to removing jealousy lies in ________. A.pursuing those achievable goals B.devoting yourself to the next goal C.admitting personal incompetence D.changing your attitude to success 15.What is the best title for the passage? A.I'm so happy for us! B.What a considerate friend! C.I don't care about it! D.How selfless you can be！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$