4专题四 动词的语态-【初高中·衔接直通车】2025年初升高英语衔接直通车

专题四　动词的语态 　 语态是动词的一种形式。英语中的语态分主动语态和被动语态，它们是由主语与谓语动词之间的关系来区分的。当动作的执行者作主语时，用主动语态；当动作的承受者作主语时，用被动语态。 初中 考点 ·常用时态的被动语态的构成及用法 ·主动语态转换成被动语态的方法 高中 考点 ·被动语态的使用场合 ·区别被动语态与系表结构 一、常用时态的被动语态构成(以ask为例) 时态 被动语态构成 一般现在时 am(is，are)asked 一般过去时 was(were)asked 一般将来时 shall(will)be asked 现在进行时 am(is，are)being asked 现在完成时 have(has)been asked 过去完成时 had been asked 过去将来时 should(would)be asked 二、带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如： She gave me a book.(变为被动语态) →I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me改为了主语) A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book改为了主语) 三、动词短语变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如： We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态) →Old men should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略) 四、带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。如： I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态) →Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 五、变被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。如： He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态) →The girl is made to stay at home by him. 高中阶段对于语态的考查主要集中在：主动形式表被动含义；被动语态与系表结构的区分以及结合时态进行综合考查等。 1.主动结构表被动意义 (1)open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，burn，drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。如： This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 This kind of shirt sells well here. 这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。 (2)look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如： School uniforms look pretty on us. 我们穿着校服很好看。 (3)be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。如：This book is worth reading. 这本书值得读一读。 (4)“want/need/require＋doing”相当于“want/need/require＋to be done”。to be done表示不定式的被动结构。如： My bike needs repairing.＝My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。 2.被动语态与系表结构 (1)被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态 The composition is well written. 这篇作文写得很好。(系表结构) The composition is being written. 这篇作文正在写。(被动语态) (2)系表结构中的过去分词可被very，too，so修饰，被动语态中的过去分词须用much修饰。 He was very excited. 他很激动。(系表结构) He was much excited by the news. 他听到消息后很激动。(被动结构) (3)系表结构有时带有主动的意义，而被动语态通常只有被动的含义。 I am determined to do better in English this term. 我决心这学期把英语学得更好。(系表结构) The part of speech to which a word belongs is determined only by its function in the sentence. 一个词属于什么词性只能由它在句中所起的作用来决定。(被动结构) (4)be＋不及物动词的过去分词通常是系表结构。 Her money is all gone.她的钱都花光了。 The honoured guests are arrived. 贵宾们到了。 Ⅰ.将下面主动语态的句子转变成被动语态 1.We can see trees and flowers everywhere in our hometown. ________________________________________________________________________ 2.We should plant more trees on Tree Planting Day. ________________________________________________________________________ 3.In 2012，we choose Li Hua，a college student to work for the Olympic Games. ________________________________________________________________________ 4.They have already sold out the good dictionaries. ________________________________________________________________________ 5.He has told me that the teachers are marking the papers. ________________________________________________________________________ 6.When I got to the office，the manager was questioning Sandy. ________________________________________________________________________ 7.By the end of next year，they will have completed the work. ________________________________________________________________________ 8.People expect the painting to go for at least a million dollars. ________________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ.根据括号中的提示完成句子 1.Cotton __________(plant)here. 2.He __________ (interview)now. 3.Has the doctor __________ (send)for? 4.The meeting __________ (put off) tomorrow. 5.The door won't __________ (lock). Ⅲ.语篇填空(根据提示或句意填空) I felt butterflies in my stomach when I started calligraphy class ten years ago.I wondered what I was doing there.At that moment, I couldn't have known that I'd just made one of the best 1.________(choose) of my life. I sat down and listened to the teacher introducing the tools of the craft.Then 2.________ was the first time for me that I had tried my hand.I took up the brush, using the correct gesture，3.________(dip) it in the ink, and carefully wrote “one” 4.________ Chinese. Over 5.________ past five years, I have learned to make versions of well­known poems.Calligraphy seemed like a bridge，6.________ connected me to authors from centuries past.Stroke(笔画) by stroke, word by word, I could feel their emotions, cherished my own peace and learned 7.________ (appreciate) my daily life. Now, calligraphy is not just a hobby，8.________ a way to remove myself from the worries of life.Rolling out the paper, I can write for a whole day.Calligraphy 9.________ (able) me to balance my busy schedule and live 10.________ (peace). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题四　动词的语态 语法要点专练 Ⅰ. 1.Trees and flowers can be seen everywhere in our hometown. 2.More trees should be planted on Tree Planting Day. 3.In 2012，Li Hua，a college student，was chosen to work for the Olympic Games. 4.The good dictionaries have been sold out already. 5.I have been told that the papers are being marked. 6.When I got to the office，Sandy was being questioned. 7.By the end of next year，the work will have been completed. 8.The painting is expected to go for at least a million dollars. Ⅱ. 1.is planted　2.is being interviewed　3.been sent 4.will be put off　5.lock Ⅲ. 【语篇导读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者从初上书法课的迷茫，到书法课成为自己身边必不可少的一部分的心理历程。 1.choices　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，one of the best后加名词复数，表示“最好的……之一”，故填choices。 2.it　考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，it is/was the＋序数词＋time that是固定句型，意为“这是第几次……”，故填it。 3.dipped　考查时态。句意：我拿起画笔，用正确的手势蘸了蘸墨水，小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。结合句意可知，句中的三个动作take up, dip, write是连贯的、并列的，故时态一致，故填dipped。 4.in　考查介词。句意：小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，表示“用……门语言”用介词in，故填in。 5.the　考查冠词。句意：在过去的五年里，我学会了翻译一些著名的诗歌。over the past five years意为“在过去的五年里”，表示特指，故填the。 6.which　考查定语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词，在从句中作主语，先行词是a bridge，故填which。 7.to appreciate　考查动词的固定结构。句意：我可以感受到他们的情绪，珍惜自己的平静，学会欣赏我的日常生活。learn to do sth意为“学做……”，故填to appreciate。 8.but　考查并列连词。句意：现在，书法不仅仅是一种爱好，而是一种让自己摆脱生活烦恼的方式。根据句意可知，not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，故填but。 9.enables　考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空处填谓语动词，结合语境，此处用一般现在时，且主语是calligraphy，故填enables。 10.peacefully　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰动词live，故填peacefully。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$