2专题二 英语基本句式-【初高中·衔接直通车】2025年初升高英语衔接直通车

专题二　英语基本句式 一、句子种类 1.按句子的用途可分四种 (1)陈述句(肯定、否定) She is six years old. He didn't hear of you before. (2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意) Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim，can't she? (3)祈使句 Be careful，boys. Don't talk in class. (4)感叹句 How clever the boy is! 2.按句子的结构可分三种 (1)简单句：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. (2)并列句：由并列连词(and，but，or等)或分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 You help him and he helps you. 你帮他，他也帮你。 The future is bright；the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 (3)复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 外国游客在长城时拍了很多照片。 二、简单句的五种句型 1.主语＋不及物动词(S＋Vi)(主＋谓) Birds fly in the sky. 鸟儿在天空飞翔。 There stands a tower on the hill. 山上有一座塔。 They were sleeping at that time. 他们那时正在睡觉。 只能当不及物动词的词： walk步行，swim游泳，sleep睡觉，laugh笑，happen/take place发生，go去，come来，work工作，stay待在……，arrive到达 2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S＋Vt＋O)(主＋谓＋宾) He has bought a house. 他买了一所新房子。 He can drive a car.他会驾驶汽车。 I'll be seeing you. (与朋友等分手时说的)再见。 You may have heard the news. 你也许已经听到这个消息。 They have put men on the moon. 他们已把人们送上月球。 I am going to take him home. 我打算带他回家。 3.主语＋系动词＋表(S＋LV＋P)(主＋系＋表) My son became a college student. 我儿子成了大学生。 The car is expensive.这辆车价钱贵。 His books are on that shelf. 他的书在那个书架上。 She looks fine.她穿着漂亮好看。 I shall be away three weeks. 我将外出3周。 常用系动词：feel，taste，sound，look，seem，appear，prove，smell，become，get，turn，go，come，grow，remain，stay，keep，continue。 4.主语＋双宾动词＋间宾＋直宾 (S＋Vt＋IO＋DO) (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾) I have sent him some money. 我已寄给他一些钱。 She told me the news about Paul. 他告诉我有关保罗的消息。 They brought me a lot of books. 他们带给我许多书。 He must get her something to eat. 他必须弄点东西给她吃。 You have done me a favour. 你帮了我一个忙。 Susan taught us English. 苏珊教我们英语。 【注意】　辨别正误： (×)I sent him it. (√)I sent it to him.我把它送给他。 常用双宾动词： bring，give，lend，hand，offer，pass，pay，promise，return，send，show，teach，tell，write；buy，cook，choose，draw，find，get，make，order，sing，save，spare，explain，express，introduce，suggest等。 5.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语(S＋Vt＋O＋C)(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补) People called him a wise. 人们称他为智者。 The directors elected John manager of the bank.董事们选举约翰为银行经理。 The jury found him guilty. 陪审团裁定他有罪。 We considered him very capable. 我们认为他能干。 He pronounced himself in favour of the plan. 他表示赞成这个计划。 I saw him lying on the ground. 我看见他正躺在地上。 第4种句型和第5种句型(双宾语和复合宾语)的比较： (1)He gave me a book.(双宾语) 他给我一本书。 (2)He calls me Tom.(复合宾语) 他叫我汤姆。 例(2)中的宾语me(我)，和宾语补足语Tom(汤姆)，可以成为逻辑上的主谓关系，即“我是汤姆”。但例(1)则不可以，不能想象为“我是一本书”，所以双宾语没有逻辑上的主谓关系。凭这一点，我们就可以很容易地区分开它们了。 常考宾补动词： see，watch，look at，notice，observe，listen to，hear，feel，find，make，have，get，let，leave，keep... There＋be/stand(s)/lie(s)/live(s)/seem(s)/remain(s)... Ⅰ.根据句子成分和基本句型知识，选择正确答案 1.She never lies.(　　) A.宾语　 B.谓语 C.状语 D.定语 2.It is a good job for me.(　　) A.表语 B.状语 C.定语 D.主语 3.He sat there quietly.(　　) A.表语 B.状语 C.定语 D.主语 4.In the sentence “Every morning，I hear the birds sing in the park”，the underlined part is ________.(　　) A.表语 B.宾语补足语 C.间接宾语 D.直接宾语 5.“They painted the walls white.”The underlined (画线的) part is ________.(　　) A.表语 B.直接宾语　　 C.间接宾语 D.宾语补足语 6.Tell him to get on the bus at once.(　　) A.状语 B.宾语 C.定语 D.表语 7.You should_take an umbrella with you when you go out.(　　) A.谓语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.定语 8.The food tastes delicious.(　　) A.主语 B.表语　 C.宾语 D.状语 9.I saw her chatting_with_Nancy.(　　) A.表语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.宾补 10.There is a girl waiting_for_you_downstairs.(　　) A.定语 B.主语　 C.状语 D.谓语 Ⅱ.判断以下句子的主干部分属于哪一种结构 A.主＋谓　 B.主＋系＋表　 C.主＋谓＋宾　 D.主＋谓＋宾＋宾补　 E.主＋谓＋双宾语 1.After about a month, I noticed some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches which eventually turned into full­on bright green leaves.________ 2.According to a recent study led by Daniel Arely, a professor of psychology at Harvard University, Braden has ADHD, a type of attention disorder, which, she says, makes her “likely to put things in certain places and not remember where I put them.”________ 3.For Professor Li, the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over 1，000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today's reference.________ 4.Its crystal­clear night skies and high altitude make it a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth.________ 5.The sun was shining in Utrecht, the Netherlands, when my friend Rini and I set off for England by car.________ 6.After we went into a different organization, which had been introduced by our teacher, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me.________ 7.The moment we felt ready to die, the man, Clifford Harker, coming with his dog, told us he owned the farm we had passed and he would leave the way to his farmhouse.________ 8.In general，they advise parents and other adults to try to be aware of their hands when questioning a child about an event.________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题二　英语基本句式 语法要点专练 Ⅰ. 1.B　本题考查句子成分。句意：她从不撒谎。画线词位于主语后，为动词，表示主语发出的动作，在句中作谓语，故选B项。 2.D　本题考查句子成分。句意：对我来说这是一份好工作。画线词位于句首，且为人称代词，在句中作主语，故选D项。 3.B　本题考查句子成分。句意：他安静地坐在那里。画线词为副词，修饰动词sat在句中作状语，故选B项。 4.B　本题考查句子成分。句意：每天早上，我都听到鸟儿在公园里唱歌。分析句子可知，画线词sing是宾语补足语，解释说明宾语the birds，故选B项。 5.D　本题考查句子成分。句意：他们把墙涂成了白色。分析句子结构可知，此处white用作宾语补足语，故选D项。 6.B　本题考查句子成分。句意：告诉他马上上公交车。tell告诉，及物动词，所以him作tell的宾语。故选B项。 7.A　本题考查句子成分。句意：当你出去时，你应该带一把伞。should take在句子中作谓语，故选A项。 8.B　考查句子成分。句意：这种食物尝着很美味。taste为系动词，后通常跟形容词作表语。delicious美味的，形容词，故选B项。 9.D　本题考查句子成分。当宾语意思表达不完整时，需要用补足语补充说明宾语的状态、性质等；这里画线部分是补充说明宾语her在干什么，故选D项。 10.A　考查句子成分。句意：有个女孩在楼下等你。画线waiting for you downstairs，作定语修饰限定名词girl，故选A项。 Ⅱ. 1.D　考查句子结构。句意：大约一个月后，我注意到一些绿色的小芽从剪下来的树枝上长出来，最终变成了明亮的绿色叶子。分析可知，句子主干主语为I，noticed为谓语，some tiny green shoots为宾语，coming out of the cut branches为宾补。故选D。 2.C　考查句子结构。句意：根据哈佛大学心理学教授丹尼尔·阿雷里最近领导的一项研究，布雷登患有注意力缺陷多动症(ADHD)，这是一种注意力障碍，她说，这让她“有可能把东西放在某些地方，却不记得把它们放在哪里了。”分析可知，句子主干主语为Braden；has为谓语，ADHD为宾语，故选C。 3.B　考查句子结构。句意：对于李教授来说，这本书不仅记录了一千多年前的自然景观，而且详细描述了人文和文化，是今天参考的宝藏。分析可知，句子主干主语为the book，is为系动词，后文not only a record of the natural landscape over 1,000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today's reference为表语。故选B。 4.D　考查句子结构。句意：清澈的夜空和高海拔使它成为地球南半部的自然、教育和天文遗产。分析可知，句子主干主语为Its crystal­clear night skies and high altitude；make为谓语，it为宾语，a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth为宾补，故选D。 5.A　考查句子结构。句意：当我和朋友里尼开车去英国的时候，荷兰的乌得勒支阳光灿烂。分析可知，句子主干主语为The sun；was shining为谓语，故选A。 6.E　考查句子结构。句意：在我们进入一个由老师介绍的不同的组织后，一位OIC代表给了我们一些细节，这让我有点感兴趣。分析可知，句子主干主语为an OIC representative；gave为谓语，us为间接宾语，some details为直接宾语，故选E。 7.E　考查句子结构。句意：就在我们觉得快要死了的那一刻，克利福德·哈克带着他的狗走过来，告诉我们经过的那个农场是他的，他会离开去他的农舍的路。分析可知，句子主干主语为the man，told为谓语，us为间接宾语，he owned the farm为直接宾语，故选E。 8.D　考查句子结构。句意：总的来说，他们建议父母和其他成年人在询问孩子关于某件事的问题时，尽量注意自己的手。分析可知，句子主干主语为they，advise为谓语；parents and other adults为宾语，to try to be aware of their hands为宾补。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$