专题03 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(北京专用)-【好题汇编】5年（2021-2025）高考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编

专题03 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(北京专用) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 时态、语态和主谓一致的 用法 （5年14考） 2025： 15 (make) ：have made 16 (achieve)：are achieved 18 (leave) : left 2024：___13___ (give)：gives; ___15___ (name)：was named; ___20___ (jog):jogged 2023： 11 (throw): threw; 13 (arrive):had arrived; 16 (establish): has established 2022：____13____ (catch):caught; ___16____ (have):has; ___20____ (increase):has increased 2021：___13____ (connect):connects; ____17____(be):has been 时态： 1．一般现在时的意义和构成； 2．现在完成时的意义和构成； 3．一般过去时的意义和构成； 4．过去进行时的意义和构成； 5. 过去完成时的意义和构成； 6. 将来进行时的意义和构成。 被动语态： 1.一般现在时的被动语态； 2.一般过去时的被动语态； 3. 现在完成时的被动语态。 1.(2025·北京·高考) By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. 【解析】考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 2.(2025·北京·高考) Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 3.(2025·北京·高考) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【解析】 18.考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 19.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 4. (2024·北京·高考) When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。 5.(2024·北京·高考) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 6.(2024·北京·高考) My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 【解析】考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 7.(2023·北京·高考) Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. 【解析】 11.考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 12.考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time，应用副词exactly，作状语。故填exactly。 8.(2023·北京·高考)I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 13 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 9.(2023·北京·高考)Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 10.(2022·北京·高考)Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。 11.(2022·北京·高考)Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 12.(2022·北京·高考)The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 13.(2021·北京·高考)As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream． 【解析】考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词tums可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。 14.(2021·北京·高考)There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 【解析】 17.考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 18.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。 1 （2025届北京市第十一中学高三下学期三模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My wallet tells the whole story of China’s payment revolution. When I left the U. S. for Beijing in late 2008, my wallet 1 (pack) with cash and credit cards. Back then, hailing a taxi or buying groceries meant counting bills or swiping cards. Today, my smartphone 2 (handle) everything — from scanning QR codes at street markets to sharing restaurant bills, even 3 (pay) rent. China’s transformation into a cashless society hasn’t just altered daily life here; it’s redefining global standards for digital payments. 【答案】1．was packed 2．handles 3．paying 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要结合作者个人经历说明了钱包见证中国支付变革，智能手机如今处理一切支付。 1．考查时态语态。句意：2008 年末，当我离开美国前往北京时，我的钱包里装满了现金和信用卡。主语wallet与谓语动词pack构成被动关系，且根据上文in late 2008可知为一般过去时的被动语态，故填was packed。 2．考查时态。句意：如今，我的智能手机无所不能——无论是扫描街边市场的二维码，还是分享餐厅账单，甚至支付房租，它都能搞定。根据上文Today可知，谓语动词handle为一般现在时，主语为smartphone，谓语用三单形式。故填handles。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，我的智能手机无所不能——无论是扫描街边市场的二维码，还是分享餐厅账单，甚至支付房租，它都能搞定。even连接并列结构，与动名词scanning、sharing并列，pay用动名词形式。故填paying。 2 （2025届北京市中国人民大学附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only 1 (discover) a stranger in her house. Waving a pole that she 2 (place) inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole dancing show. Soon, she found the stranger was an adorable koala. She quickly contacted the Conservation Park, who sent out rescuers to release it to safety. Although the problem 3 (resolve) by now, it does highlight the fact that the natural habitat of wildlife is being decreased as the construction of homes for humans is increased. 【答案】1．to discover 2．had placed 3．has been resolved 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位澳大利亚女士下班后回家发现家中有一只考拉，最终联系保护公园将其安全放生的故事。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，一位澳大利亚女士下班后回到家，却发现家里有个陌生人。此处为固定结构only to do sth.，意为“结果却……”，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to discover。 2．考查动词时态。句意：陌生人挥舞着她之前放在家里的杆子，就像在表演钢管舞。此处为谓语动词，根据语境和时间状语before可知，place的动作发生在谓语动词was之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had +过去分词”。故填had placed。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管这个问题现在已经解决了，但它确实凸显了一个事实：随着人类住宅建设的增加，野生动物的自然栖息地正在减少。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语by now可知，此处应用现在完成时；problem与resolve为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数。故填has been resolved。 3 （2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模英语试题) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On April 8, China launched a high-speed rail pet consignment (托运) service on selected Beijing-Shanghai routes. A cat was the first pet to “travel” on the train. After professional testing, the service 1 (operate) on ten routes between five stations, mainly in East China. Pet owners can book the service online in advance. Each person can transport one healthy domesticated cat or dog, provided it 2 (weigh) under 15kg and stands no taller than 40cm at the shoulder. 3 (ensure) safety during the journey, specially 4 (design) equipment will be used for separate pet transport. 【答案】1．will operate/is going to operate 2．weighs 3．To ensure 4．designed 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国于4月8日在部分京沪线路上推出高铁宠物托运服务，说明了服务运营路线、托运宠物的要求及保障安全的措施。 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：经过专业测试，这项服务将在华东地区五个车站之间的十条线路上运营。operate(运营，运行)是谓语动词，根据时间状语“After professional testing”可推知，此处描述将来会发生的事情，用一般将来时态，可用will operate或is going to operate。故填will operate/is going to operate。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每人可以运输一只健康的家养猫或狗，前提是其体重不超过15公斤，肩高不超过40厘米。不及物动词weigh(重，有……重)是从句中谓语动词，句子描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时态，主语it是第三人称单数代词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填weighs。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保旅途中的安全，将使用专门设计的设备进行宠物单独运输。“(ensure) safety during the journey”在句中作目的状语，要用动词不定式形式；句首单词首字母大写。故填To ensure。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保旅途中的安全，将使用专门设计的设备进行宠物单独运输。提示词design(设计)作定语，用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语equipment之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填designed。 4 （2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模英语试题) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Medium friends are genuine; they share your history, circumstances or interests. They make you laugh, bring news, and offer insights. But, 1 your closest friends, they test the limits of your time, love and energy. There are only so many dinners in a week, and so many people with 2 you can be continuously texting. Medium friends prove the lie in any attempt to be all things to all people. And the efforts that 3 (make) to maintain these relationships sometimes seem overwhelming. 【答案】1．unlike 2．whom 3．are made 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中等朋友真诚且能带来欢乐等，但与亲密朋友不同，维持和他们的关系会考验时间、精力，且有时会让人感到力不从心。 1．考查介词。句意：但和你最亲密的朋友不同，他们会考验你时间、爱和精力的限度。根据语境，这里是将中等朋友和最亲密的朋友作对比，说明两者情况不同；用介词unlike (不像，和……不同) 构成介词短语作状语，符合语境。故填unlike。 2．考查定语从句。句意：一周只有那么多晚餐可吃，也只有那么多人能让你持续和他们发短信。“with ____ you can be continuously texting”是定语从句，修饰先行词people，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作介词with的宾语，用关系代词whom引导从句。故填whom。 3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：而且为维持这些关系所做的努力有时似乎让人难以承受。make(做)是定语从句的谓语动词，与主语(即先行词the efforts)之间是被动关系，且描述一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are made。 5 （2025届北京市海淀区高三下学期期末练习（二模）英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 A foreign tourist shared his travel experience with visa-free entry in China on social media. “Before my trip 1 China in April, I was quite nervous because I had no idea 2 difficulties I would encounter at the border control department. However, after explaining to airport staff that I intended to enter China with the 240-hour visa-free transit policy, everything went quite smoothly afterward,” he said. During his trip, he 3 (visit) major southeastern coastal cities of China, among which Shanghai and Hangzhou left a deep impression on him. 【答案】1．to 2．what 3．visited 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位外国游客在社交媒体上分享了他在中国免签入境的旅行经历。 1．考查介词。句意：在我四月份去中国旅行之前，我相当紧张，因为我不知道在边境管控部门我会遇到什么样的困难。trip to...是固定搭配，意为“去……的旅行”。故填to。 2．考查同位语从句。句意：在我四月份去中国旅行之前，我相当紧张，因为我不知道在边境管控部门我会遇到什么样的困难。空处引导同位语从句，空处作定语，修饰名词difficulties，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 3．考查时态。句意：在他的旅行期间，他参观了中国东南部的一些主要沿海城市，其中上海和杭州给他留下了深刻的印象。根据During his trip可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词visit应用过去式形式。故填visited。 6 （2025届北京市昌平区高三下学期二模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Olivia Vibbert, 14-year-old, tried to establish her own nonprofit. In 2016, 1 (help) the homeless in winter, she requested sock donations when knowing socks are among the most needed items. The campaign started out with the big goal of 1,000 sock donations — a milestone that 2 (achieve) in mere days. Then she went on to collect more socks. So far, Olivia 3 (receive) over 8,000 pairs of donated socks. 【答案】1．to help 2．was achieved 3．has received 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是14岁的Olivia Vibbert努力建立自己的非营利组织，以帮助冬季无家可归者的事迹。 1．考查不定式。句意：2016年，为了在冬天帮助无家可归的人，她在知道袜子是最需要的物品之一的情况下，请求捐赠袜子。根据句意可知，帮助无家可归的人是她请求捐赠袜子的目的，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to help。 2．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：活动开始时的大目标是捐赠1000只袜子，这个里程碑在短短几天内就实现了。里程碑是被实现，句子描述过去的事情，因此句子用一般过去时的被动语态，that指代的先行词milestone是单数，因此空格处是was achieved，故填was achieved。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，奥利维亚已经收到了8000多双捐赠的袜子。由So far可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语Olivia是单数，因此空格处是has received。故填has received。 7 （2025届北京市朝阳区高三下学期二模考试英语试题) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough 1 (apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory. Real change never comes overnight unless you accept the long and slow process, 2 (set) aside impatience and anxiety. Extreme repetition is also a continuous exploration of improvement. Each attempt brings small improvements and each failure 3 (teach) you different strategies. With effort, you can become a better self, which is the true meaning of learning. 【答案】1．to apply 2．setting 3．teaches 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学习的本质是反复练习、坚持不懈并最终形成肌肉记忆。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：学习的本质是反复练习和坚持，直到你通过实践变得有经验，足够熟练地运用你所获得的东西，并最终形成肌肉记忆。此处是“adj.+enough+to do sth.”结构，意为“足够……做某事”，为固定搭配，用不定式作结果状语。故填to apply。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：真正的改变从来不会在一夜之间发生，除非你接受漫长而缓慢的过程，抛开急躁和焦虑。unless引导的条件状语从句已有谓语动词accept ，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，动词短语set aside与其逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作状语。故填setting。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每一次尝试都会带来微小的进步，每一次失败都会教会你不同的策略。根据空前brings可知，空处为and之后的并列分句的谓语动词，需用一般现在时态，描述客观事实，主语是each failure，第三人称单数，所以空处谓语动词需用第三人称单数teaches。故填teaches。 8 （2025届北京通州区高三一模英语试题)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 As the world is becoming more digital, the importance of information security cannot be ignored. Currently, many countries 1 (take) measures to protect their online systems. For example, governments are investing heavily in advanced technologies 2 (prevent) cyberattacks. At the same time, individuals 3 (encourage) to improve their awareness of online safety. The 4 (grow) number of cyber threats has made it essential for everyone to stay alert. By working together, we can create a safer digital environment for all. 【答案】1．are taking 2．to prevent 3．are encouraged 4．growing 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了网络安全问题需要被重视。 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：目前，许多国家正在采取措施保护他们的在线系统。根据Currently可知，句子用现在进行时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are taking。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，各国政府正在大力投资先进技术以防止网络攻击。此处表示目的，用不定式形式作目的状语。故填to prevent。 3．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：与此同时，鼓励个人提高网络安全意识。句子描述现在的客观事实，应用一般现在时，individuals和encourage之间是被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are encouraged。 4．考查形容词。句意：网络威胁的数量不断增加，这使得每个人都必须保持警惕。此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词number，growing意为“增长的”。故填growing。 9 （2025届北京市东城区高三下学期一模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Researchers have discovered that dogs can identify the voices of different members of their human family. The research team tested 31 pet dogs. Three human caretakers of each dog 1 (ask) to record their voices. Then they sat quietly in front of the dog while the recording played. The dogs usually approached — or at least spent more time looking at — the person 2 voice they heard. Experts hope to study whether other mammals have this skill, so they can better understand 3 different species learn to communicate with each other. 【答案】1．were asked 2．whose 3．how 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现狗能识别主人声音及后续研究期望。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：每只狗的三位人类照顾者被要求录制他们的声音。结合前文的tested可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，且动词ask与主语Three human caretakers之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were asked。 2．考查定语从句。句意：这些狗通常会靠近——或者至少花更多时间看着——它们听到声音的那个人。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the person，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰voice，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：专家们希望研究其他哺乳动物是否也有这种技能，以便他们能更好地理解不同物种是如何学会相互交流的。空格处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how。故填how。 10 （2025届北京市房山区高三下学期一模英语试题) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Ne Zha 2, 1 (base) on a Chinese folk character, earned more than 8 billion yuan during the week-long Chinese New Year holiday. It broke the record set by 2021’s The Battle of Lake Changjin. Hot off its domestic success, it 2 (show) overseas next week, including in the US, Canada and Australia. “It not only shows the strong power of Chinese animation, but also 3 (demonstrate) the endless possibilities of traditional Chinese stories in the modern context,” reads one review. 【答案】1．based 2．will be shown/will be showed/is going to be shown/is going to be showed 3．demonstrates 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了电影《哪吒2》在国内大获成功后，将在海外上映。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据中国民间人物改编的电影《哪吒2》在为期一周的春节假期中票房超过80亿元。此处非谓语动词base与Ne Zha 2构成逻辑被动关系，base用过去分词形式作定语。故填based。 2．考查时态语态。句意：在国内大获成功后，该片将于下周在海外上映，包括美国、加拿大和澳大利亚。主语it与谓语动词show构成被动关系，根据后文next week可知为一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be shown/will be showed/is going to be shown/is going to be showed。 3．考查时态。句意：“它不仅展示了中国动画的强大力量，也展示了中国传统故事在现代背景下的无限可能性，”一篇评论写道。句子主语it是单数，且not only…but also连接并列谓语，前半句谓语shows用单数形式，后半句并列谓语动词demonstrate也为一般现在时，谓语用三单形式。故填demonstrates。 11 （北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When her 1 (edit), Dave Ellis, saw the photo of the couple, he suggested they go back and restore damaged photos for even more people. So in January 2006, with 2 (pay) time off from the paper, the two set up shop in Pass Christian. After posting a notice in the community newsletter, Rebecca and Dave received 500 photos in four days. For each, the pair 3 (take) a new digital picture, then used high-tech software to erase water spots and restore colors. It just so happened that a popular website linked to Dave’s blog about the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue, 4 we all know, had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help. 【答案】1．editor 2．paid 3．took 4．as 【解析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了Rebecca和Dave修复受损照片，发起“照片救援行动”，吸引众多志愿者参与的事迹。 1．考查名词。句意：当她的编辑戴夫·埃利斯看到这对夫妇的照片时，他建议他们回去为更多的人修复损坏的照片。形容词性物主代词her后接名词，Dave Ellis是编辑名称，用edit对应的名词editor“编辑”，此处指戴夫，应用单数形式。故填editor。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，2006年1月，在带薪休假期间，两人在帕斯克里斯蒂安（Pass Christian）开了一家店。空处修饰time作定语，表示“带薪的”，即“被支付的”，用pay的过去分词。故填paid。 3．考查动词时态。句意：两人分别拍了一张新的数码照片，然后用高科技软件擦掉水渍，恢复颜色。空处作谓语，根据used可知，句子描述过去，用一般过去时。故填took。 4．考查定语从句。句意：碰巧有一个很受欢迎的网站链接到戴夫关于这次经历的博客，很快，我们都知道，“照片救援行动”收到了数百名志愿者的电子邮件，其中包括摄影师和修复专家，他们渴望提供帮助。空处表示“正如”，指代and后面的句子内容，用as引导非限制性定语从句。故填as。 12 （2025届北京市海淀区高三下学期一模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 To drive real change, climate education must shift focus from global risks to personal and local impacts. People will act if the challenge 1 (feel) personal — not just about the planet, polar bears, or humanity 2 a whole. Sharing scientific facts isn’t enough; self-interest should figure in climate-education packages.Therefore, climate education should be tailored to each community. Messages are more effective when they 3 (deliver) in engaging ways to truly resonate with everyone. 【答案】1．feels 2．as 3．are delivered 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文简单概括了气候教育需要转变的重点：从关注全球风险转向关注个人和当地的影响，以促使人们真正行动起来应对气候变化。 1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如果挑战让人感觉与自己息息相关，人们就会采取行动——而不仅仅是关乎地球、北极熊或整个人类。设空处使用动词作 if引导条件状语从句中的谓语动词，符合“主将从现”原则即用一般现在时表将来，主语为the challenge，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填feels。 2．考查介词。句意：如果挑战让人感觉与自己息息相关，人们就会采取行动——而不仅仅是关乎地球、北极熊或整个人类。设空处使用介词与后文构成介词短语作状语，结合句意，表示“作为整体”用短语为as a whole。故填as。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：当信息以吸引人的方式传递，真正引起每个人的共鸣时，信息会更有效。设空处使用动词作when引导时间状语从句的谓语动词，从句陈述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且主语为they，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are delivered。 13 （2025届北京市西城区高三下学期一模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 At a 200-megawatt (兆瓦) wind farm in Hengshui, Hebei, the world’s largest tonnage wheeled crane (起重机), the XCA4000, completed its first lift in March 2024. It 1 (lift) a 130-metric-ton nacelle, a 40-ton hub and three 95-meter-long blades weighing 28 tons each, to a height of 162 meters for assembly (组装) on the tower. The XCA4000 has a self-developed control system and technologies 2 (ensure) safety during operation. With more than a dozen sensors 3 (distribute) in the facility, it can detect and address potential safety dangers in real time. 【答案】1．lifted 2．to ensure 3．distributed 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最大的吨位轮式起重机XCA4000的情况。 1．考查时态。句意：它将一个130吨的机舱，一个1吨的轮毂和三个95米长的叶片（每个重28吨）提升到162米的高度，以便在塔上组装。发生在过去用一般过去时。故填lifted。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：XCA4000具有自主开发的控制系统和技术，确保运行安全。此处ensure作目的状语，用不定式。故填to ensure。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在设施中分布了十多个传感器，可以实时检测和解决潜在的安全隐患。此处distribute与sensors构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填distributed。 14 （2025届北京市东城区高三下学期一模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 After a weekend trip, my friend and I 1 (drive) home when a blue car suddenly pulled up beside us at a stoplight. A woman and her little daughter excitedly told us shoes had flown 2 our car! We realized our other friend must have left them on the roof. We thanked them and went back to search, 3 we couldn’t find the shoes until the same car reappeared! These kind strangers had circled back, 4 (spot) shoes and even picking them up for us. Their unexpected effort to help us out made our day. 【答案】1．were driving 2．off 3．but 4．spotting 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友在回家路上得到陌生人帮助找回鞋子的故事。 1．考查动词时态。句意：周末旅行后，我和朋友正开车回家，这时一辆蓝色轿车突然在红绿灯旁停在我们旁边。这里是“be doing...when...”结构，意为“正在做……这时……”，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，所以用过去进行时，表示 “我和朋友当时正在开车”，主语my friend and I为复数，be动词用were。故填were driving。 2．考查副词。句意：一位女士和她的小女儿兴奋地告诉我们，鞋子从我们的车上飞出去了！fly off是固定短语，意为“飞落；掉落”，这里表示鞋子从车上掉落下来，符合语境。故填off。 3．考查连词。句意：我们谢过他们，然后回去找，但是直到那辆车再次出现我们才找到鞋子！“We thanked them and went back to search”和“we couldn’t find the shoes until the same car reappeared”之间是转折关系，前面说去寻找，后面说没找到，直到那辆车再次出现，所以用连词but连接。故填but。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些善良的陌生人又绕了回来，发现了鞋子，甚至帮我们捡了起来。句子谓语动词是circled back，空格处填入非谓语动词和picking up并列，作状语，动词spot与其逻辑主语These kind strangers之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填spotting。 15 （2025届北京市房山区高三下学期一模英语试题) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Li Yikun started as a kitchen assistant and later 1 (become) a food deliveryman. While 2 (work), he pursued a college degree. Curious about mechanical devices, he hoped to find a job related to mechanical operation. When an e-commerce platform hired drone pilots, Li decided to give it a shot. He landed his dream job, 3 has increased his income and interest in drones. By now, he 4 (obtain) a drone instructor certificate. 【答案】1．became 2．working 3．which 4．has obtained 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了李毅坤对机械装置很好奇，最后成为无人机教练的经历。 1．考查时态。句意：李毅坤最初是一名厨房助理，后来成为一名送餐员。根据上文谓语started可知，并列谓语动词become为一般过去时。故填became。 2．考查状语从句省略句。句意：在工作期间，他攻读了大学学位。此处是while引导时间状语从句省略句，从句主语he和从句谓语动词work是主动关系，正在进行的动作，谓语动词work用be doing形式，状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中包含be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，用现在分词working。故填working。 3．考查定语从句。句意：他找到了自己梦寐以求的工作，这份工作增加了他的收入，也增加了他对无人机的兴趣。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词job，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 4．考查时态。句意：到目前为止，他已经获得了无人机教练证书。根据上文By now可知，谓语动词obtain为现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has obtained。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(北京专用) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 时态、语态和主谓一致的 用法 （5年14考） 2025： 15 (make) ：have made 16 (achieve)：are achieved 18 (leave) : left 2024：___13___ (give)：gives; ___15___ (name)：was named; ___20___ (jog):jogged 2023： 11 (throw): threw; 13 (arrive):had arrived; 16 (establish): has established 2022：____13____ (catch):caught; ___16____ (have):has; ___20____ (increase):has increased 2021：___13____ (connect):connects; ____17____(be):has been 时态： 1．一般现在时的意义和构成； 2．现在完成时的意义和构成； 3．一般过去时的意义和构成； 4．过去进行时的意义和构成； 5. 过去完成时的意义和构成； 6. 将来进行时的意义和构成。 被动语态： 1.一般现在时的被动语态； 2.一般过去时的被动语态； 3. 现在完成时的被动语态。 1.(2025·北京·高考) By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. 2.(2025·北京·高考) Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 3.(2025·北京·高考) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 4. (2024·北京·高考) When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 5.(2024·北京·高考) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 6.(2024·北京·高考) My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”7.(2023·北京·高考) Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. 8.(2023·北京·高考)I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 13 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 9.(2023·北京·高考)Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 10.(2022·北京·高考)Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 11.(2022·北京·高考)Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 12.(2022·北京·高考)The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 13.(2021·北京·高考)As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream． 14.(2021·北京·高考)There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 1 （2025届北京市第十一中学高三下学期三模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My wallet tells the whole story of China’s payment revolution. When I left the U. S. for Beijing in late 2008, my wallet 1 (pack) with cash and credit cards. Back then, hailing a taxi or buying groceries meant counting bills or swiping cards. Today, my smartphone 2 (handle) everything — from scanning QR codes at street markets to sharing restaurant bills, even 3 (pay) rent. China’s transformation into a cashless society hasn’t just altered daily life here; it’s redefining global standards for digital payments. 2 （2025届北京市中国人民大学附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only 1 (discover) a stranger in her house. Waving a pole that she 2 (place) inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole dancing show. Soon, she found the stranger was an adorable koala. She quickly contacted the Conservation Park, who sent out rescuers to release it to safety. Although the problem 3 (resolve) by now, it does highlight the fact that the natural habitat of wildlife is being decreased as the construction of homes for humans is increased. 3 （2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模英语试题) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On April 8, China launched a high-speed rail pet consignment (托运) service on selected Beijing-Shanghai routes. A cat was the first pet to “travel” on the train. After professional testing, the service 1 (operate) on ten routes between five stations, mainly in East China. Pet owners can book the service online in advance. Each person can transport one healthy domesticated cat or dog, provided it 2 (weigh) under 15kg and stands no taller than 40cm at the shoulder. 3 (ensure) safety during the journey, specially 4 (design) equipment will be used for separate pet transport. 4 （2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模英语试题) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Medium friends are genuine; they share your history, circumstances or interests. They make you laugh, bring news, and offer insights. But, 1 your closest friends, they test the limits of your time, love and energy. There are only so many dinners in a week, and so many people with 2 you can be continuously texting. Medium friends prove the lie in any attempt to be all things to all people. And the efforts that 3 (make) to maintain these relationships sometimes seem overwhelming. 5 （2025届北京市海淀区高三下学期期末练习（二模）英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 A foreign tourist shared his travel experience with visa-free entry in China on social media. “Before my trip 1 China in April, I was quite nervous because I had no idea 2 difficulties I would encounter at the border control department. However, after explaining to airport staff that I intended to enter China with the 240-hour visa-free transit policy, everything went quite smoothly afterward,” he said. During his trip, he 3 (visit) major southeastern coastal cities of China, among which Shanghai and Hangzhou left a deep impression on him. 6 （2025届北京市昌平区高三下学期二模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Olivia Vibbert, 14-year-old, tried to establish her own nonprofit. In 2016, 1 (help) the homeless in winter, she requested sock donations when knowing socks are among the most needed items. The campaign started out with the big goal of 1,000 sock donations — a milestone that 2 (achieve) in mere days. Then she went on to collect more socks. So far, Olivia 3 (receive) over 8,000 pairs of donated socks. 7 （2025届北京市朝阳区高三下学期二模考试英语试题) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough 1 (apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory. Real change never comes overnight unless you accept the long and slow process, 2 (set) aside impatience and anxiety. Extreme repetition is also a continuous exploration of improvement. Each attempt brings small improvements and each failure 3 (teach) you different strategies. With effort, you can become a better self, which is the true meaning of learning. 8 （2025届北京通州区高三一模英语试题)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 As the world is becoming more digital, the importance of information security cannot be ignored. Currently, many countries 1 (take) measures to protect their online systems. For example, governments are investing heavily in advanced technologies 2 (prevent) cyberattacks. At the same time, individuals 3 (encourage) to improve their awareness of online safety. The 4 (grow) number of cyber threats has made it essential for everyone to stay alert. By working together, we can create a safer digital environment for all. 9 （2025届北京市东城区高三下学期一模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Researchers have discovered that dogs can identify the voices of different members of their human family. The research team tested 31 pet dogs. Three human caretakers of each dog 1 (ask) to record their voices. Then they sat quietly in front of the dog while the recording played. The dogs usually approached — or at least spent more time looking at — the person 2 voice they heard. Experts hope to study whether other mammals have this skill, so they can better understand 3 different species learn to communicate with each other. 10 （2025届北京市房山区高三下学期一模英语试题) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Ne Zha 2, 1 (base) on a Chinese folk character, earned more than 8 billion yuan during the week-long Chinese New Year holiday. It broke the record set by 2021’s The Battle of Lake Changjin. Hot off its domestic success, it 2 (show) overseas next week, including in the US, Canada and Australia. “It not only shows the strong power of Chinese animation, but also 3 (demonstrate) the endless possibilities of traditional Chinese stories in the modern context,” reads one review. 11 （北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When her 1 (edit), Dave Ellis, saw the photo of the couple, he suggested they go back and restore damaged photos for even more people. So in January 2006, with 2 (pay) time off from the paper, the two set up shop in Pass Christian. After posting a notice in the community newsletter, Rebecca and Dave received 500 photos in four days. For each, the pair 3 (take) a new digital picture, then used high-tech software to erase water spots and restore colors. It just so happened that a popular website linked to Dave’s blog about the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue, 4 we all know, had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help. 12 （2025届北京市海淀区高三下学期一模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 To drive real change, climate education must shift focus from global risks to personal and local impacts. People will act if the challenge 1 (feel) personal — not just about the planet, polar bears, or humanity 2 a whole. Sharing scientific facts isn’t enough; self-interest should figure in climate-education packages.Therefore, climate education should be tailored to each community. Messages are more effective when they 3 (deliver) in engaging ways to truly resonate with everyone. 13 （2025届北京市西城区高三下学期一模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 At a 200-megawatt (兆瓦) wind farm in Hengshui, Hebei, the world’s largest tonnage wheeled crane (起重机), the XCA4000, completed its first lift in March 2024. It 1 (lift) a 130-metric-ton nacelle, a 40-ton hub and three 95-meter-long blades weighing 28 tons each, to a height of 162 meters for assembly (组装) on the tower. The XCA4000 has a self-developed control system and technologies 2 (ensure) safety during operation. With more than a dozen sensors 3 (distribute) in the facility, it can detect and address potential safety dangers in real time. 14 （2025届北京市东城区高三下学期一模英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 After a weekend trip, my friend and I 1 (drive) home when a blue car suddenly pulled up beside us at a stoplight. A woman and her little daughter excitedly told us shoes had flown 2 our car! We realized our other friend must have left them on the roof. We thanked them and went back to search, 3 we couldn’t find the shoes until the same car reappeared! These kind strangers had circled back, 4 (spot) shoes and even picking them up for us. Their unexpected effort to help us out made our day. 15 （2025届北京市房山区高三下学期一模英语试题) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Li Yikun started as a kitchen assistant and later 1 (become) a food deliveryman. While 2 (work), he pursued a college degree. Curious about mechanical devices, he hoped to find a job related to mechanical operation. When an e-commerce platform hired drone pilots, Li decided to give it a shot. He landed his dream job, 3 has increased his income and interest in drones. By now, he 4 (obtain) a drone instructor certificate. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$