精品解析：上海市桃浦中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期末英语试题

上海市桃浦中学2024学年第二学期高二年级 英语学科期末试卷 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (30’) Section A (10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. The museum. B. The airport. C. The hotel. D. The campus 2. A. Host and guest. B. Lawyer and client. C. Guide and tourist. D. Doctor and patient. 3. A. $5. B. $10. C. $15. D. $20. 4. A. She feels a little bit disappointed. B. She is thinking of moving to the south. C. She wonders where the Browns are going. D. She has found a new way to contact the Browns. 5. A. Try to get a ride with Pete. B. Take an airplane to Yellowstone. C. Ask Pete about his geology class. D. Drive her car to Yellowstone. 6. A. The man should exercise first after he gets up. B. The man can exercise for many times a day. C. The man should first prepare his breakfast. D. The man can exercise when he has time. 7. A. He may sell it to the owner of a hotel. B. He may rent it out for use as a hotel. C. He may redecorate it and use it as a hotel. D. He may tear it down and build a new hotel. 8. A. There are different kinds of folders. B. This decision requires careful thought. C. It doesn’t matter which folder she uses. D. The color of the folder suggests the content. 9. A. Annie should try to avoid getting sick. B. He has known Annie’s neighbor for many years. C. He has heard of many composers of classical music. D. Annie might spend a lot of money on classical music. 10. A. She also needs a new tennis racket. B. She wants to borrow some money, too. C. She doesn’t think Brian will repay the money. D. She couldn’t get Brian to play tennis. Section B (20’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. People under great pressure. B. People waiting for operations. C. People dealing with cancer. D. People with mental disorder. 12. A. Singing can cure patients with cancer. B. The singers felt less stressful after singing. C. The singers’ psychological activities increased. D. Singing was beneficial to repairing cell genes. 13. A. A newly-established singing group in Wales. B. The connection between cancer and stress relief. C. An alternative to traditional cancer treatments. D. Supportive effects of singing on cancer sufferers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. China. B. Egypt. C. Spain. D. Siberia. 15. A. Avoid the epidemic. B. Make slaves tougher. C. Serve as sacrifices. D. Be the food for lambs. 16. A. The history of garlic cultivation. B. The different ways of cooking garlic. C. The characteristics and uses of garlic. D. Garlic’s extensive impact on our modern life. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The acceptable behaviors at the cinema. B. The difference between cinema and home. C. The remark on the latest films. D. The treatment people get at the cinema. 18. A. Comfortable. B. Unhealthy. C. Annoying. D. Tolerable. 19. A. Sending messages. B. Making phone calls. C. Taking selfies. D. Doing makeup. 20. A. To take a comfortable seat. B. To appreciate the film attentively. C. To behave ourselves at the cinema. D. To bring clear digital projection. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Wildlife in decline The populations of the Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物) have declined by 69% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2022 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching (偷猎) are in large part ___1___ (blame) for the decline. ___2___ the trend continues, the world will lose two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet ___3___ this rate will decrease,” the report says. “Across land, freshwater and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,” says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The study included 3,700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3,000 sources, including government statistics and surveys ___4___ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analysed ___5___ the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done ___6___ (bad) than others. “We do see particularly strong declines in the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water ___7___ (use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation (分裂) of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.” The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, ___8___ have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. ___9___ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven’t yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman, head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, they are not dying out, and that ___10___ (mean) we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.” 【答案】1 to blame 2. If 3. that 4. carried  5. how 6. worse 7. is used 8. which 9. Despite 10. means 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地球野生脊椎动物数量下降及原因。 【1题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：气候变化以及森林砍伐和偷猎等活动在很大程度上是造成这种下降的原因。be to blame for为固定短语，意为“对……应负责任；应该为某事负责任”。故填to blame。 【2题详解】 考查条件状语从句。句意：如果这种趋势继续下去，世界将失去三分之二的脊椎动物生物多样性。句子为条件状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，意为“如果”，应用if引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填If。 【3题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：报告称：“可悲的是，目前还没有迹象表明这一比率会下降。”空格处引导的是同位语从句，解释说明sign的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，应用that引导从句。故填that。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究小组从3000多个来源收集了数据，包括政府统计数据和保护组织进行的调查。句中有谓语动词collected且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，surveys与carry out之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故空格处应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填carried。 【5题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：然后，他们分析了种群数量是如何随时间变化的。空格处引导的是宾语从句，根据句意和句中“changed”可知，句子应用how引导从句，意为“如何，怎样”，在从句中作方式状语。故填how。 【6题详解】 考查比较级。句意：兰贝蒂尼说，有些动物群体的情况比其他群体更糟。根据句意和句中“than”可知，句子应用比较级，bad的比较级为worse“更糟糕的”。故填worse。 【7题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这与水的使用方式和从淡水系统中取水的方式有关，也与通过筑坝等方式使淡水系统破碎化有关。根据句意和句中“is”可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，空格处是that引导的定语从句的谓语动词，water和use之间为被动关系，故从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，water为不可数名词，be动词使用is。故填is used。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：报告还强调了其他物种，如近年来数量大幅下降的非洲象和受到过度捕捞威胁的鲨鱼。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词African elephants指物，故应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而，尽管有这些可怕的事实，一些自然保护主义者表示仍有希望。根据句意可知，前后句为让步关系，空后为名词短语，应用介词despite“尽管”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Despite。 【10题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：总的来说，它们并没有灭绝，这意味着我们仍然有机会对这种下降采取一些措施。根据句意和句中“have”可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，that指代上文提到的事情，为单数，故mean应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 Section B (10’) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. complaints B. techniques C. distinguish D. exhausting E. intelligence F. emotions G. advantage H. leaning I. impacts J. respond K. victim Keeping up with the latest digital cons is ____11____. Fraudsters (犯欺诈罪者) always seem to be one step ahead. In fact, among the various ____12____ used by scammers, creating a sense of urgency or the need to act or ____13____ quickly is probably the most damaging. As with many legitimate sales, acting fast reduces your ability to think carefully, evaluate information and make a careful decision. People are more reliant on online services such as shopping and banking these days. Quick to take ____14____ of this trend, scammers have since increased the rate and spectrum of online fraud. One fraud type many people fall ____15____ to is fake websites. According to a nonprofit that handles consumer ____16____, fake websites are one of the leading reported scams. They caused estimated retail losses of approximately US $380 million in the US in 2022. Actually, losses are probably far higher because many cases go unreported. We developed a series of experiments to evaluate what factors impact people’s ability to ____17____ between real and fake websites. In our studies, participants viewed screenshots of real and fake versions of six websites. The number of participants varied, but we had more than 200 in each experiment. Each study involved asking participants whether they thought the screenshots showed authentic websites or not. Afterwards, they also took tests to evaluate their Internet knowledge and analytical reasoning. Earlier research has shown analytical reasoning ____18____ our ability to tell between real and fake news and phishing emails. People tend to employ two types of information processing. System one is quick, automatic, intuitive and related to our ____19____. System two is slow, conscious and laborious. The ability to perform well on analytical reasoning tasks has been associated with system two but not system one thinking. So we used analytical reasoning tasks as a proxy to help us tell whether people are ____20____ more on system one or two thinking. Our results showed higher analytical reasoning ability was linked to a better ability to tell fake and real websites apart. Other researchers have found time pressure reduces people’s ability to detect phishing emails. Scammers do not want us to carefully evaluate the information but engage emotionally with it. 【答案】11. D 12. B 13. J 14. G 15. K 16. A 17. C 18. I 19. F 20. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕网络诈骗展开，介绍了诈骗手段如制造紧迫感等，还阐述了通过实验研究影响人们辨别真假网站能力的因素，指出分析推理能力越高辨别能力越强。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：跟上最新的数字诈骗手段令人精疲力竭。从后文“Fraudsters (犯欺诈罪者) always seem to be one step ahead.”可知，诈骗分子总是领先一步，意味着要跟上他们的诈骗手段是一件很困难的事，会让人感觉疲惫不堪。“exhausting”意思是“使人筋疲力尽的”，能很好地体现出跟上诈骗手段的艰难和疲惫感。故选项D。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：事实上，在诈骗者使用的各种技巧中，制造一种紧迫感或需要迅速行动或回应的感觉可能是最具破坏性的。后文“used by scammers”明确表明这里说的是诈骗者所采用的东西，结合后文提到的制造紧迫感这种具体手段，“techniques”表示“技巧，手段”，正好符合诈骗者使用各种诈骗手段的描述。故选项B。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：事实上，在诈骗者使用的各种技巧中，制造一种紧迫感或需要迅速行动或回应的感觉可能是最具破坏性的。前文“act”表示行动，在诈骗者制造的紧迫感下，除了让人快速行动，还会促使人们快速做出回应，“respond”意为“回应”，与“act”并列，共同体现出诈骗者让人们在紧迫情况下的反应。故选项J。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：诈骗者迅速利用了这一趋势，此后增加了网络诈骗的频率和范围。前文“People are more reliant on online services such as shopping and banking these days.”说明人们现在更多依赖在线服务这一趋势，而诈骗者会利用这种趋势来增加诈骗机会，“take advantage of”是固定短语，意思是“利用”，符合诈骗者的行为逻辑。故选项G。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：很多人都上当受骗的一种诈骗类型是虚假网站。从后文对虚假网站造成损失的描述可知，很多人在虚假网站诈骗中受到伤害，“fall victim to”是固定表达，意为“成为……的受害者”，能准确描述人们在虚假网站诈骗中的处境。故选项K。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：根据一家处理消费者投诉的非营利组织的说法，虚假网站是报告最多的诈骗类型之一。根据后文“fake websites are one of the leading reported scams”可知，处理消费者投诉的非营利组织会知道诈骗类型相关情况，“complaints”意为“投诉”，符合语境。故选项A。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们开展了一系列实验，以评估哪些因素会影响人们辨别真假网站的能力。实验的目的就是研究影响人们区分真假网站的因素，“distinguish between...and...”表示“区分……和……”，与实验目的相契合。故选项C。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：早期的研究表明，分析推理能力会影响我们辨别真假新闻和网络钓鱼邮件的能力。前文提到开展实验评估影响人们辨别真假网站能力的因素，这里说分析推理能力和辨别真假新闻、邮件能力的关系，说明分析推理能力对辨别能力是有作用的，“impacts”意为“影响”，符合文意。故选项I。 19题详解】 考查名词。句意：系统一是快速、自动、直观的，与我们的情绪有关。系统一具有快速、自动、直观的特点，这种特点和人的情绪反应有相似之处，情绪往往是快速且直观产生的，“emotions”意为“情绪”，符合系统一的特点描述。故选项F。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：所以我们用分析推理任务作为代理，来帮助我们判断人们更多地依赖系统一还是系统二的思维。“lean on”有“依赖，依靠”的意思，这里通过分析推理任务来判断人们依靠哪种思维方式，符合语境。故选项H。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In a recent meeting we attended, the word “culture” came up 27 times in 90 minutes. Business leaders all believe a strong organizational culture is ____21____ to success, yet culture tends to feel like some magic force that few know how to control. In our study, we find that answering the following three questions can help transform culture from a mystery to a(n) ____22____: How does culture drive performance? After analyzing 50 major companies, we came to one conclusion: ____23____ we work determines how well we work. The companies most famous for their cultures maximize the positive motives (动机), while minimizing the negative ones. The six main reasons for which people work are “play, purpose, potential, emotional pressure, economic pressure, and inertia (惯性)”. The latter three motives tend to ____24____ performance. That is because those people are no longer thinking about work. They’re thinking about the disappointment, or the ____25____, or why they’re bothering to do it at all. They don’t ____26____ the quality of the work itself. By contrast, a high-performing ____27____ always maximizes the play, purpose, and potential, which is known as creating total motivation. What is culture worth? While it is ____28____ to measure whether someone is being creative, it’s relatively easy to calculate total motivation of an organization. Take for example the airline industry. All airline companies share the same terminals and use the same planes, but customer satisfaction ____29____ widely across airlines. When we measured the total motivation of employees of four major airlines, and compared the result with customer satisfaction, we saw that an airline’s culture closely ____30____ customer satisfaction. ____31____, cultures that inspired more play, purpose, and potential produced better customer outcomes, and in turn generated more profits. What elements in an organization ____32____ motivation? By surveying thousands of workers, we found the most sensitive element is whether an organization can allow an employee to ____33____ with its mission and behavioral code. For example, Medtronic enables its engineers to see how the medical devices they’ve designed are used in hospitals, so that they can see the purpose of their work. An executive of Walmart, the well-known supermarket, told us that in monthly meetings he always emphasized how much Walmart had saved for the ____34____—rather than how much money Walmart had made. A great culture is not easy to build. Leaders have to treat culture building as an engineering project, not a ____35____ one. 21. A. resistant B. critical C. inferior D. subject 22. A. science B. restriction C. tradition D. instinct 23. A. how B. when C. why D. whether 24. A. encourage B. assess C. distinguish D. hurt 25. A. display B. reward C. mystery D. wit 26. A. care about B. make out C. set aside D. put up 27. A. potential B. technique C. culture D. reform 28. A. essential B. difficult C. bold D. valid 29. A. functions B. differs C. revolves D. pioneers 30. A. resembled B. justified C. predicted D. exploited 31. A. By contrast B. In the end C. As usual D. In other words 32. A. protest B. affect C. lose D. substitute 33. A. identify B. coincide C. tremble D. interact 34. A. customers B. employers C. engineers D. spectators 35. A. mutual B. delicate C. magical D. precise 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。商业领袖都相信强大的组织文化是成功的关键，但文化往往感觉像某种魔力，很少有人知道如何控制。文章主要从文化如何推动公司员工表现、文化的价值以及组织中会影响动机的因素三个方面对企业文化建设进行了说明。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：商业领袖都相信强大的组织文化是成功的关键，但文化往往感觉像某种魔力，很少有人知道如何控制。A. resistant抵抗的；B. critical关键的，批评的；C. inferior差的；D. subject受……支配的。结合上文“In a recent meeting we attended, the word “culture” came up 27 times in 90 minutes.”可推知会议中反复提到“文化”这个词，说明“文化”很重要，商业领袖都相信强大的组织文化是成功的关键。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们的研究中，我们发现回答以下三个问题可以帮助文化从一种神秘变成一种科学。A. science科学；B. restriction限制；C. tradition传统；D. instinct本能。根据上文“culture tends to feel like some magic force that few know how to control. In our study, we find that answering the following three questions can help transform culture from a mystery to”可知上文提到文化往往感觉像某种魔力，很少有人知道如何控制，所以这项研究是为了帮助把文化从一种神秘变成一种大家都能理解的科学。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：在分析了50家大公司之后，我们得出了一个结论：我们为何工作决定了我们工作的好坏。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，表示“为何，为什么”应用why。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后三个动机往往会损害工作表现。A. encourage鼓励；B. assess评定；C. distinguish区别；D. hurt损害。根据后文“That is because those people are no longer thinking about work.”可知后三个动机往往会损害人们的工作表现，因为它们会让人不再想着工作。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们想的是失望，或者好处，或者他们为什么要这么做。A. display展示；B. reward奖励；C. mystery神秘；D. wit智慧。根据前后文语境“They’re thinking about the disappointment, or the…, or why they’re bothering to do it at all.”可知，本句主要是在描述人们不再考虑工作，对工作的一些消极想法，如想到的是失望、得到好处或者他们为什么要这么做。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们不关心工作本身的质量。A. care about关心；B. make out理解；C. set aside留出；D. put up提供。根据后文“the quality of the work itself”可知指关心工作本身的质量。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，高绩效的文化总是最大限度地发挥作用、目的和潜力，这就是所谓的创造整体动机。A. potential潜能；B. technique技术；C. culture文化；D. reform改革。结合上文“The companies most famous for their cultures maximize the positive motives, while minimizing the negative ones.”可知，此处是在讨论高绩效的组织文化。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然很难衡量一个人是否有创造力，但计算一个组织的整体动机却相对容易。A. essential基本的；B. difficult困难的；C. bold大胆的；D. valid有效的。根据后文“it’s relatively easy to calculate total motivation of an organization.”可知与后文计算一个组织的整体动机相对容易相对应的，衡量一个人是否有创造力很困难。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的航空公司都共用相同的终点站，使用相同的飞机，但不同航空公司的客户满意度差别很大。A. functions运行；B. differs不同；C. revolves旋转；D. pioneers开拓。根据上文“All airline companies share the same terminals and use the same planes, but customer satisfaction”可知but表示转折，说明虽然所有的航空公司都共用相同的终点站，使用相同的飞机，但不同航空公司的客户满意度差别很大。故选B。 30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们衡量四大航空公司员工的总动机，并将结果与客户满意度进行比较时，我们发现航空公司的文化密切预测客户满意度。A. resembled类似；B. justified调整；C. predicted预测；D. exploited利用。结合后文“cultures that inspired more play, purpose, and potential produced better customer outcomes, and in turn generated more profits.”可知，好的企业文化能够产生更好的客户结果，进而产生更多利润，反推航空公司的文化可以预测客户满意度。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：换句话说，能够激发更多表现、目标和潜力的文化能够产生更好的客户结果，进而产生更多利润。A. By contrast相比之下；B. In the end最后；C. As usual照例；D. In other words换句话说。后文“cultures that inspired more play, purpose, and potential produced better customer outcomes, and in turn generated more profits.”是对上文航空公司的文化密切预测客户满意度进一步解释说明，即在“换句话说”。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：组织中的哪些因素会影响动机？A. protest抗议；B. affect影响；C. lose失去；D. substitute替代。根据后文“we found the most sensitive element is whether an organization can allow an employee to … with its mission and behavioral code”可知，本部分内容主要是在说明公司中的哪些因素可以影响员工的动机。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过对数千名员工的调查，我们发现最敏感的因素是组织是否能让员工认同其使命和行为准则。A. identify识别，认同；B. coincide一致；C. tremble颤抖；D. interact互相作用。结合后文“with its mission and behavioral code”指员工认同公司给予的使命和行为准则，identify with“认同”。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：著名超市沃尔玛的一位高管告诉我们，在每月的会议上，他总是强调沃尔玛为顾客节省了多少钱——而不是沃尔玛赚了多少钱。A. customers顾客；B. employers雇主；C. engineers工程师；D. spectators观众。根据后文“rather than how much money Walmart had made”可知强调的是沃尔玛为顾客节省了多少钱——而不是沃尔玛赚了多少钱。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：领导者必须将文化建设视为一项管理项目，而不是一项神奇的工程。A. mutual共同的；B. delicate精美的；C. magical神奇的；D. precise精确的。对应第一段中“culture tends to feel like some magic force”指认为文化建设是一项神奇的工程。故选C。 Section B (30’) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger? Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. That’s because tigers are the largest of all cat species. Tigers are not only large, they are also fast. They can sprint as fast as 40 miles per hour for short distances and leap as far as 30 feet horizontally. You might not think that such large, fast, and fierce creatures need help to survive, but they do. It is estimated that at the start of the 20th century, there were over 100,000 tigers living in the wild. By the turn of the century, the number of tigers outside of captivity dwindled to just over 3,000. Interestingly, the most serious threats that tigers face come from a much smaller species, one with an average weight of around 140 lbs. That species is Homo sapiens, better known as humans. Humans threaten tigers in primarily two ways: hunting and destroying habitat. Tigers are hunted for many reasons. People have long valued the famous striped skins. Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, tiger pelts are worth around $10,000 on the black market. Though the fur would be incentive enough for most poachers, other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny. Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties. Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones, amongst other parts, in some prescriptions. Tigers have also been hunted as game. In other words, people hunted tigers solely for the thrill and achievement of killing them. Such killings took place in large scale during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when an English hunter might claim to kill over a hundred tigers in their hunting career. Though this practice is much less popular today than it was in the past, it has not ceased entirely. Humans have done considerable damage to the world’s tiger population through hunting, but perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, all the way from Turkey to the eastern coast of Russia. But over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range. Instead of spanning all the way across Asia, the tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia. This is because humans have drastically changed the environments. Humans have built towns and cities. Road and transit systems were created to connect these towns and cities. To feed the people living in these areas, forests and fields have been cleared to create farmland. A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tiger requires. Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles. Tigers are also both territorial and solitary animals. This means that they are protective of the areas that they claim and they generally do not share with other tigers. Because tigers need so much territory, it is really difficult for conservationists to acquire enough land to support a large population of tigers. 36 Which of the following is NOT a reason in the article explaining why tigers are hunted? A. Because tiger skins are worth a lot of money. B. Because tiger parts are used as medicines in some cultures. C. Because some tigers attack local villages. D. Because tigers are hunted for enjoyment by some people. 37. The underlined word “incentive” in the third paragraph probably means ________. A. attractive B. innovative C. alternative D. respective 38. Which best explains why tigers have lost so much of their habitat according to the text? A. Because tigers are under threat from other animals. B. Because tiger skins are extremely valuable. C. Because the environment has been changed. D. Because tigers need so much space to survive. 39. Which of the following best describes the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A. To provide readers with interesting information about the lifestyles of tigers. B. To persuade readers to help the world’s tiger population and to offer ways to help. C. To entertain readers with stories about how tigers hunt and are hunted. D. To explain to readers why the world’s tiger population is endangered. 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了体型大速度快的老虎由于人类对虎皮，虎骨的贪婪及娱乐遭到人类的捕杀。更为重要的是人类为了养活自己，改变了环境，使老虎的栖息地急剧减少，老虎的数量也在减少，由此造成老虎种群濒临灭绝。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Tigers are hunted for many reasons. People have long valued the famous striped skins. …Though the fur would be incentive enough for most poachers, other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny…. Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones, amongst other parts, in some prescriptions.”可知老虎被猎杀有很多原因。人们长期以来都很重视著名虎皮。在某些文化如中国文化中，老虎的身体部位被用作药物。可知A和B是被猎杀的原因。第四段“Tigers have also been hunted as game. In other words, people hunted tigers solely for the thrill and achievement of killing them.”可知，人们捕猎老虎为了刺激和娱乐，故D也是原因，但没有说因为考虑攻击当地村民被杀，故C符合题意。 【37题详解】 猜测词义题。根据划线词的上一句“tiger pelts are worth around $10,000 on the black market.” 可知“黑市上的虎皮价值约10000美元”，可推断出“皮毛对大多数偷猎者来说有吸引力的，”，分析选项：A. attractive诱人的，吸引人的；B. innovative创新的；C. alternative 可供选择的；D. respective各自的，分别的。可知A项，attractive“诱人的”，就是“吸引人的”,故选A。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。第五段的内容可知，“人类通过狩猎对世界老虎种群造成了相当大的破坏，但可能更多的破坏是由于栖息地的破坏。但是在过去的100年里，老虎已经失去了93%的历史领地。现在，老虎的数量已经被孤立在亚洲南部和东南部的小地方，这是因为人类已经彻底改变了环境”，可知C项（环境的变化是老虎失去栖息地的主要原因）。故选C. 【39题详解】 推理判断题。文章的第二段最后一句“Humans threaten tigers in primarily two ways: hunting and destroying habitat.”第三段第一句“Tigers are hunted for many reasons”第四段第一句“Tigers are hunted for many reasons”第五段第一句“A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tiger requires”可知。文章主要叙述了体型大速度快的老虎由于人类对虎皮，虎骨的贪婪及娱乐遭到人类的捕杀。更为重要的是人类为了养活自己，改变了环境，使老虎的栖息地急剧减少，老虎的数量也在减少，由此造成老虎种群濒临灭绝。分析选项可知D项（向读者解释世界老虎种群为何濒临灭绝）符合题意，故选D . 【点睛】高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。如第2小题就属于猜测词义题。根据划线词的上一句“tiger pelts are worth around $10,000 on the black market.” 可知“黑市上的虎皮价值约10000美元”，可推断出“皮毛对大多数偷猎者来说有吸引力的，”，分析选项：A. attractive诱人的，吸引人的；B. innovative创新的；C. alternative 可供选择的；D. respective各自的，分别的。可知A项，attractive“诱人的”,就是“ 吸引人的”,故选A。 运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。 (B) Learning English Video Project 1. Encounters in the UK (17 minutes) Watch Comments Encounters in the UK is the first film in this documentary mini-series. It tells the story of four girls from different countries who travel to Cambridge in England to study English and stay with local families in what is called a “homestay” arrangement. For the four girls the homestay arrangement is a positive experience. As one of the homestay hosts explains: “It’s going to be a great experience, not only in terms of learning English, but in learning about life.” Watch with Subtitles Watch without Subtitles Comments 2. Insights from China (18 minutes) Watch Comments Never say die Based in the busy, cosmopolitan city of Shanghai, Daniel Emmerson’s latest film Insights from China takes us inside the worlds of English language learning and teaching and the airline industry in China. “Insights from China” focuses largely on the staff and management of a Chinese airline company that has recently committed to learning English. Spring Airlines is the first low-cost airline in China. Watch with Subtitles Watch without Subtitles Comments 3. Stories from Morocco (16 minutes) Watch Comments Set in Casablanca, Morocco, this film features footage and interviews focusing on key questions such as “Why are people learning English?” and “What tips and advice can learners offer?” Staff and learners discuss the advantages and challenges of English language learning in Morocco. Interviewees touch on a variety of topics including British vs. American accents, multi-level classrooms, and the similarities of English to French and Spanish. Watch with Subtitles Watch without Subtitles Comments 4. Thoughts from Brazil (17 minutes) Watch Comments Like Insights from China, Thoughts from Brazil also looks at modern trends in learning English, especially for children and teens. It will be of particular interest to all those who long for a learning experience that is more interactive and communicative. Teens and young adults will find new ideas for combining personal interests such as music, gaming and social media with self-study. As Daniel Emmerson talks to learners and teachers of English in Sao Paulo, Brazil, he discovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning by doing and have readily adapted it to the Internet era. Watch with Subtitles Watch without Subtitles Comments 40. From the passage we can conclude that “Learning English Video Project” is most probably______. A. an online course focusing on language and culture B. audio documents on language learning C. a series of English learning video programs D. a set of films on English-speaking countries 41. If someone is interested in the comparison between English and other languages, he might be interested to watch __________. A. Encounters in the UK B. Stories from Morocco C. Thoughts from Brazil D. Insights from China 42. What can we know about English learning in Sao Paulo, Brazil? A. Classroom teaching is more interactive and communicative. B. Homestay arrangement provides positive experience for learners. C. The Internet and games plays a major role in language learning. D. The principle of learning by doing is widely accepted by learners. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，主要向我们介绍了几个英语短视频，它们是学习英语的视频项目，向不同需求的读者提供了不同的学习视频。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Encounters in the UK （17 minutes）中的最后一句“It’s going to be a great experience, not only in terms of learning English, but in learning about life.”、Insights from China中的“Insights from China” …committed to learning English”； Stories from Morocco 中的“Staff and learners discuss the advantages and challenges of English language learning in Morocco. …the similarities of English to French and Spanish.”和Thoughts from Brazil （17 minutes）中的“Thoughts from Brazil also looks at modern trends in learning English”可知学习英语视频节目是一系列短的视频节目，故选C。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Stories from Morocco (16 minutes )中的最后“Interviewees touch on a variety of topics including British vs. American accents, multi-level classrooms, and the similarities of English to French and Spanish.”可知“被采访者涉及各种话题，包括英国口音与美国口音、多层次教室以及英语与法语和西班牙语的相似之处。”，由此可知，可知Stories from Morocco中介绍了英国和美国口音和英语，法语和西班牙语的相似性，故选B。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Thoughts from Brazil 中的“As Daniel Emmerson talks to learners and teachers of English in Sao Paulo，Brazil，he discovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning by doing and have readily adapted it to the Internet era”．可知在圣保罗通过做来学习的原则被学习者广泛接受，分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。 【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节理解是指原文提到了某事，某种现象或理论，题干一般针对原文具体叙述的事情本身提问。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。如第3小题。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容或“三误一正”。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。如第1小题，根据Encounters in the UK （17 minutes）中的最后一句“It’s going to be a great experience, not only in terms of learning English, but in learning about life.”；Insights from China中的“Insights from China” …committed to learning English”； Stories from Morocco 中的“Staff and learners discuss the advantages and challenges of English language learning in Morocco. …the similarities of English to French and Spanish.”和Thoughts from Brazil （17 minutes）中的“Thoughts from Brazil also looks at modern trends in learning English”可知学习英语视频节目是一系列短的视频节目，故选C。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。 (C) The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year indicated a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃. This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs. Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while paying few of the costs such as climate changes impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change. On the other hand, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health. The Paris agreement has been widely considered as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as incomplete. The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below” 2℃ deserves to be praised but the emissions reduction promises submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this. More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries. The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change. And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants (暴君) or pioneers. 43. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because ________. A. it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations B. it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ only C. it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries D. it burdens developed countries with the full responsibility 44. Why does the author call some developed countries climate “free-riders”? A. They needn’t worry about the food and water they consume. B. They are better able to cope with the global climate change. C. They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused. D. They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting “forced riders”. 45. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding? A It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions. B. There is no final agreement on where it will come from. C. There is no clarification of how the money will be spent. D. It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide. 46. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement? A. Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative. B. Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts. C. Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus. D. Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once. 【答案】43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D 【解析】 【分析】本文为说明文。去年12月敲定的《巴黎气候协定》标志着气候行动进入了一个新时代，世界各国首次同意将全球变暖保持在2℃以下，在解决气候变化问题上向前迈出了积极的一步。但全球温室气体排放量的一半以上是由不到4%的国家造成的，可他们对引发的问题付出极小的代价。而世界上最易受气候影响的国家对造成全球疾病的贡献微乎其微，而这些疾病正是他们现在所遭受的最大痛苦。没有考虑历史问题来处理这件事是不公正的。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据题目可以定位到原文第五段The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy. 转折连词Although之前的意思是对巴黎协定的肯定，认为巴黎协定被称赞为应对气候改变的积极的一步，although之后是对巴黎协定的否定，认为巴黎协定只是粗略地谈到了所谓的“气候平等”，意即是不平等的。原因在第八段的第一句“The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most.”中说“这些国家在世界上最易受气候影响的但对造成全球疾病的贡献微乎其微，而它们现在却是这些疾病所遭受的最大的受害者。” 因此A 选项是正确选项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据题目和关键词free-riders可以在原文第三段对“free-riders”的解释：causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. 即（发达国家）通过大量地排放温室气体，引起了大部分的问题，然而几乎没有付出的代价。可见，作者的意思是指他们几乎不需要为他们所引发的问题负责。C选项中cause 和原句causing对应，hardly pay anything 和incurring few of the costs 对应。因此选C。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第七段“There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision.”意为“关于谁将提供资金，或者更重要的是，谁负责提供资金，也没有太多细节” ，可推断出对于资金问题没有最终达成协议。其中B选项中no final agreement 和very little detail 对应，Where it will come from 和who will provide the funds对应。因此选B。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据关键词urgent可以定位到原文第八段，There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions, “如果我们要实现国家减排，必须对于协议中概述的政策进行紧急动员。”可知，动员立即实施协议中的政策。其中D选项中put into effect the polices 与mobilisation of the polices对应。因此选D。 【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。如第2小题属于事实细节题。定位句指出，少数发达国家在碳排放方面责任最大，但是因气候变化而付出的代价却较小，作者在随后一句中解释说，他们因消费矿物燃料而受益，却对气候变化带来的问题没有负相应的责任，这与搭便车者相似，受益而不付出什么代价。可见，作者的意思是指他们几乎不需要为他们所引发的问题负责，故答案为C。 A.“他们不需要为自己所消耗的食物和水担忧”，根据定位句，食物和水只是气候变化可能引发的部分问题，作者是用于举例，不可以偏概全，故排除；B.“他们能够更好地应对全球气候变化”，作者在定位句及随后的句子中明确指出，他们是不为自己引发的问题负责，而没有提到应对能力的问题，可以排除；D.“他们不受影响‘被迫上车的乘客’的温室效应的干扰”，“被迫上车的乘客”只是一个比喻，该项将温室效应和“被迫上车的乘客”联系在一起，是对文章的曲解，可以排除。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The art of academic writing is not easy to master. ___47___ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time. ___48___ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctly composed piece of argument, is incomparable. Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? ___49___ Because academic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing. The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). ___50___ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece. A. These questions may well get clearer and clearer during the process of academic writing. B. The introduction should function as the hook which draws the reader in and holds his attention. C. It is a formal skill, which requires precision and accuracy, and is perfected by continuous and dedicated practice. D. If one is hesitant to answer even one of the aforementioned questions, one had better not write at all! E. It may take one a considerable period of time to know the skills of academic writing, even long after his/her college graduation. F. It is a time-consuming activity and demands patience and perseverance. 【答案】47. C 48. F 49. D 50. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何掌握论文写作艺术的几点建议。 【47题详解】 根据本空前的“The art of academic writing is not easy to master.”可知，论文写作的艺术很难掌握，此处应该介绍论文写作难以掌握的原因，C项中的It指代的就是academic writing，故C项（它是一种正式的技能，需要精确和准确，并通过持续和专门的时间来完善）符合语境。 【48题详解】 根据本空前的“which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time.”可知，论文写作需要作者进行长期的认真研究，此处说的应该还是和花费时间有关的内容，的故F项（这是一项耗时的活动，需要耐心和毅力）符合语境。 【49题详解】 本空前提到了一系列的问题，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于那些问题的内容，D项中的the aforementioned questions正好与前面提到的问题相对应，故D项（如果一个人对回答上述任何一个问题都犹豫不决，他最好不要写）符合语境。 【50题详解】 根据本空前的“The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay).”可知，论文由引言和正文两部分组成，下文介绍了关于正文的内容，此处讲的应该是关于引言的内容，故B项（引言应该起到吸引读者注意力的作用）符合语境。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10’) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s. The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular. Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes. Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay. The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Global warming is another cause. Finally intensive farming is also to blame for oxygen loss, because its wastes feeds algae, which consumes lots of oxygen. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat. Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Besides, global warming is responsible as it leads to lower oxygen storage and stratification. Finally, intensive farming also results in the oxygen loss. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat. 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括海洋中的含氧量正在迅速下降，危及海洋生物。工业污染物，尤其是塑料废物和二氧化碳的增加，是最致命的原因，全球变暖是另一个原因，最后，精耕细作也是氧气流失的罪魁祸首，因为它的废物喂养藻类，藻类消耗大量氧气，我们应采取措施应对这一被忽视的威胁。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。 【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。 2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。 3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。 4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 Ⅴ. Translation (3’+3’+4+5+5’=20） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 如今越来越多的学生主动参与到社会实践中去。(volunteer) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Nowadays, an increasing number of students volunteer to participate in social practice activities. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词（短语）、动词短语和副词。句子描述当前的普遍现象，时态宜用一般现在时；状语“如今”可用副词nowadays，主语“越来越多的学生”可用名词短语an increasing number of students，谓语“主动做某事”可用动词短语volunteer to do，“参与到……中”可用动词短语participate in，“社会实践”可用名词短语social practice activities。故可译为：Nowadays, an increasing number of students volunteer to participate in social practice activities. 53. 那栋刚落成的大楼是为了纪念一位毕生致力于医学事业的科学家。(dedicate) (汉译英) 【答案】The newly-built building is in memory of a scientist who (has) dedicated his life to medicine. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和动词时态。分析所给中文提示词，本句翻译应该用定语从句修饰科学家，主句是“那栋刚落成的大楼是为了纪念一位科学家”，其中主语是“那栋刚落成的大楼”应译为“the newly-built building”，谓语是“是”，主语是第三人称单数，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故译为“is”，“为了纪念一位科学家”做表语，用固定搭配：in memory of意为“为了纪念...”，故译为“in memory of a scientist”，“毕生致力于医学事业”做定语修饰科学家，所以scientist是先行词，在从句中做主语，应该用who引导，谓语动词是“致力于”，根据题干要求需用dedicate，所以此处应该用固定短语：dedicate to意为“献身于…”，时态根据句意，可以理解为描述的是过去的事，用一般过去时，也可以理解为一直持续的动作，用现在完成时，故译为“(has) dedicated his life to”，“医学事业”做宾语译为“medicine”。故译为：The newly-built building is in memory of a scientist who (has) dedicated his life to medicine. 54. 过去的10年来，生物学家对濒临灭绝的海洋物种表示同情。(threaten) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Over the past decade, biologists have shown sympathy for marine species threatened with extinction. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词（短语）、动词短语和非谓语动词。时间状语“过去的10年来”可用介词over和名词短语the past decade搭配，句子时态应用现在完成时；主语“生物学家”应用名词biologists，为复数；“对……表示同情”可用动词短语show sympathy for，且show需变为have shown的形式；“海洋物种”可用名词短语marine species；“濒临灭绝的”是修饰species的成分，动词短语be threatened with extinction表示“受到灭绝的威胁，濒临灭绝”，因此用过去分词短语作species的后置定语。故可译为：Over the past decade, biologists have shown sympathy for marine species threatened with extinction. 55. 自从2021年被引进中国以来，这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务，到现在为止，已经开了60家分店。(launch) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Since it was launched in China in 2021, this fast-food chain has been expanding its business and so far it has opened 60 branches. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、短语和句子结构。“这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务，到现在为止，已经开了60家分店”是主句，可处理为两个分句，用并列连词and连接，第一分句“这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务”的主语“这家快餐连锁店”用this fast-food chain，“不断拓展业务”用动词短语expand its business表示，结合时间状语“自从2021年被引进中国以来”可知，描述从过去持续到现在的行为，谓语动词expand用现在完成进行时态has been expanding its business，第二分句“到现在为止，已经开了60家分店”补充主语it，时间状语“到现在为止”用固定短语so far表示，“开了60家分店”译为open 60 branches，结合时间状语，描述过去持续到现在的行为，谓语动词open用现在完成时态has opened；“自从2021年被引进中国以来”作全句的时间状语，可处理为since引导的时间状语从句，补充主语it，时间状语“2021年”用介词短语in 2021表示，“被引进中国”用被动语态be launched in China，描述过去发生的事情，谓语用一般过去时的被动语态was launched in China。综上，全句译为：Since it was launched in China in 2021, this fast-food chain has been expanding its business and so far it has opened 60 branches. 56. 然而，令人印象深刻的不是它的冗长，恰恰相反——是它简洁紧凑的结构。(construction) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】However, what is impressive is not its length; on the contrary, it is its concise and compact construction. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、形容词、主语从句和介词短语。本句可拆分为两个分句，用分号连接；第一分句中“然而”用连接副词however，与句子主干用逗号隔开，主语“令人印象深刻的”可译为主语从句what is impressive，谓语部分“不是”用is not表示，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，“它的冗长”作表语，用its length表示；第二分句“恰恰相反——是它简洁紧凑的结构”用中“恰恰相反”用介词短语on the contrary，补充主语it，谓语“是”用系动词is，表语“它简洁紧凑的结构”译为its concise and compact construction。综上，全句译为：However, what is impressive is not its length. On the contrary, it is its concise and compact construction. Ⅵ. Guided Writing (25’) 57. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 77. 假定你是明自中学学生会主席，你校即将举行主题为“No Plastic Water Bottles”的一项环保活动。请你用英语写一封倡议书，要点包括： 1. 倡导No Plastic Water Bottles的原因； 2. 你的建议(至少三点)。80个单词左右 No Plastic Water Bottles Dear fellow students, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】 No Plastic Water Bottles Dear fellow students, Our school is launching an activity “No Plastic Water Bottles”. Plastic water bottles cause pollution as they’re made from non-renewable resources and take ages to decompose. In addition, they often end up in the ocean, posing a serious threat to marine life. Here are some suggestions. Bring reusable bottles and refill them at school. At school events, use other containers for water. Also, spread the message about the harm of plastic bottles via posters and class discussions. Let’s act now for a greener school! The Students’ Union 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于倡议书。要求考生以明自中学学生会主席的身份，就学校即将举行的“No Plastic Water Bottles”环保活动写一封倡议书，需阐述倡导该活动的原因并给出至少三点建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 发起：launch → initiate 造成：cause → lead to 分解：decompose → break down 建议：suggestion → proposal 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Our school is launching an activity “No Plastic Water Bottles”. 拓展句：Our school is launching an activity which is titled “No Plastic Water Bottles”. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Plastic water bottles cause pollution as they’re made from non-renewable resources and take ages to decompose. (运用了as引导原因状语从句) [高分句型2] In addition, they often end up in the ocean, posing a serious threat to marine life. (运用了现在分词作结果状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海市桃浦中学2024学年第二学期高二年级 英语学科期末试卷 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (30’) Section A (10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. The museum. B. The airport. C. The hotel. D. The campus 2. A. Host and guest. B. Lawyer and client. C. Guide and tourist. D. Doctor and patient. 3. A. $5. B. $10. C. $15. D. $20. 4. A. She feels a little bit disappointed. B. She is thinking of moving to the south. C. She wonders where the Browns are going. D. She has found a new way to contact the Browns. 5. A. Try to get a ride with Pete. B. Take an airplane to Yellowstone. C. Ask Pete about his geology class. D. Drive her car to Yellowstone. 6. A. The man should exercise first after he gets up. B. The man can exercise for many times a day. C. The man should first prepare his breakfast. D. The man can exercise when he has time. 7 A. He may sell it to the owner of a hotel. B. He may rent it out for use as a hotel. C. He may redecorate it and use it as a hotel. D. He may tear it down and build a new hotel. 8. A. There are different kinds of folders. B. This decision requires careful thought. C. It doesn’t matter which folder she uses. D. The color of the folder suggests the content. 9. A. Annie should try to avoid getting sick. B. He has known Annie’s neighbor for many years. C. He has heard of many composers of classical music. D Annie might spend a lot of money on classical music. 10. A. She also needs a new tennis racket. B. She wants to borrow some money, too. C. She doesn’t think Brian will repay the money. D. She couldn’t get Brian to play tennis. Section B (20’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. People under great pressure. B. People waiting for operations. C. People dealing with cancer. D. People with mental disorder. 12. A. Singing can cure patients with cancer. B. The singers felt less stressful after singing. C. The singers’ psychological activities increased. D. Singing was beneficial to repairing cell genes. 13. A. A newly-established singing group in Wales. B. The connection between cancer and stress relief. C. An alternative to traditional cancer treatments. D. Supportive effects of singing on cancer sufferers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. China. B. Egypt. C. Spain. D. Siberia. 15. A. Avoid the epidemic. B. Make slaves tougher. C. Serve as sacrifices. D. Be the food for lambs. 16. A. The history of garlic cultivation. B. The different ways of cooking garlic. C. The characteristics and uses of garlic. D. Garlic’s extensive impact on our modern life. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The acceptable behaviors at the cinema. B. The difference between cinema and home. C. The remark on the latest films. D. The treatment people get at the cinema. 18. A. Comfortable. B. Unhealthy. C. Annoying. D. Tolerable. 19. A. Sending messages. B. Making phone calls. C. Taking selfies. D. Doing makeup. 20. A. To take a comfortable seat. B. To appreciate the film attentively. C. To behave ourselves at the cinema. D. To bring clear digital projection. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Wildlife in decline The populations of the Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物) have declined by 69% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2022 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching (偷猎) are in large part ___1___ (blame) for the decline. ___2___ the trend continues, the world will lose two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet ___3___ this rate will decrease,” the report says. “Across land, freshwater and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,” says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The study included 3,700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3,000 sources, including government statistics and surveys ___4___ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analysed ___5___ the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done ___6___ (bad) than others. “We do see particularly strong declines in the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water ___7___ (use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation (分裂) of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.” The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, ___8___ have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. ___9___ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven’t yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman, head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, they are not dying out, and that ___10___ (mean) we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.” Section B (10’) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. complaints B. techniques C. distinguish D. exhausting E. intelligence F. emotions G. advantage H. leaning I. impacts J. respond K. victim Keeping up with the latest digital cons is ____11____. Fraudsters (犯欺诈罪者) always seem to be one step ahead. In fact, among the various ____12____ used by scammers, creating a sense of urgency or the need to act or ____13____ quickly is probably the most damaging. As with many legitimate sales, acting fast reduces your ability to think carefully, evaluate information and make a careful decision. People are more reliant on online services such as shopping and banking these days. Quick to take ____14____ of this trend, scammers have since increased the rate and spectrum of online fraud. One fraud type many people fall ____15____ to is fake websites. According to a nonprofit that handles consumer ____16____, fake websites are one of the leading reported scams. They caused estimated retail losses of approximately US $380 million in the US in 2022. Actually, losses are probably far higher because many cases go unreported. We developed a series of experiments to evaluate what factors impact people’s ability to ____17____ between real and fake websites. In our studies, participants viewed screenshots of real and fake versions of six websites. The number of participants varied, but we had more than 200 in each experiment. Each study involved asking participants whether they thought the screenshots showed authentic websites or not. Afterwards, they also took tests to evaluate their Internet knowledge and analytical reasoning. Earlier research has shown analytical reasoning ____18____ our ability to tell between real and fake news and phishing emails. People tend to employ two types of information processing. System one is quick, automatic, intuitive and related to our ____19____. System two is slow, conscious and laborious. The ability to perform well on analytical reasoning tasks has been associated with system two but not system one thinking. So we used analytical reasoning tasks as a proxy to help us tell whether people are ____20____ more on system one or two thinking. Our results showed higher analytical reasoning ability was linked to a better ability to tell fake and real websites apart. Other researchers have found time pressure reduces people’s ability to detect phishing emails. Scammers do not want us to carefully evaluate the information but engage emotionally with it. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In a recent meeting we attended, the word “culture” came up 27 times in 90 minutes. Business leaders all believe a strong organizational culture is ____21____ to success, yet culture tends to feel like some magic force that few know how to control. In our study, we find that answering the following three questions can help transform culture from a mystery to a(n) ____22____: How does culture drive performance? After analyzing 50 major companies, we came to one conclusion: ____23____ we work determines how well we work. The companies most famous for their cultures maximize the positive motives (动机), while minimizing the negative ones. The six main reasons for which people work are “play, purpose, potential, emotional pressure, economic pressure, and inertia (惯性)”. The latter three motives tend to ____24____ performance. That is because those people are no longer thinking about work. They’re thinking about the disappointment, or the ____25____, or why they’re bothering to do it at all. They don’t ____26____ the quality of the work itself. By contrast, a high-performing ____27____ always maximizes the play, purpose, and potential, which is known as creating total motivation. What is culture worth? While it is ____28____ to measure whether someone is being creative, it’s relatively easy to calculate total motivation of an organization. Take for example the airline industry. All airline companies share the same terminals and use the same planes, but customer satisfaction ____29____ widely across airlines. When we measured the total motivation of employees of four major airlines, and compared the result with customer satisfaction, we saw that an airline’s culture closely ____30____ customer satisfaction. ____31____, cultures that inspired more play, purpose, and potential produced better customer outcomes, and in turn generated more profits. What elements in an organization ____32____ motivation? By surveying thousands of workers, we found the most sensitive element is whether an organization can allow an employee to ____33____ with its mission and behavioral code. For example, Medtronic enables its engineers to see how the medical devices they’ve designed are used in hospitals, so that they can see the purpose of their work. An executive of Walmart, the well-known supermarket, told us that in monthly meetings he always emphasized how much Walmart had saved for the ____34____—rather than how much money Walmart had made. A great culture is not easy to build. Leaders have to treat culture building as an engineering project, not a ____35____ one. 21. A. resistant B. critical C. inferior D. subject 22. A. science B. restriction C. tradition D. instinct 23. A. how B. when C. why D. whether 24. A. encourage B. assess C. distinguish D. hurt 25. A. display B. reward C. mystery D. wit 26. A. care about B. make out C. set aside D. put up 27. A. potential B. technique C. culture D. reform 28. A. essential B. difficult C. bold D. valid 29. A. functions B. differs C. revolves D. pioneers 30. A. resembled B. justified C. predicted D. exploited 31. A. By contrast B. In the end C. As usual D. In other words 32. A. protest B. affect C. lose D. substitute 33. A. identify B. coincide C. tremble D. interact 34. A. customers B. employers C. engineers D. spectators 35. A. mutual B. delicate C. magical D. precise Section B (30’) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger? Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. That’s because tigers are the largest of all cat species. Tigers are not only large, they are also fast. They can sprint as fast as 40 miles per hour for short distances and leap as far as 30 feet horizontally. You might not think that such large, fast, and fierce creatures need help to survive, but they do. It is estimated that at the start of the 20th century, there were over 100,000 tigers living in the wild. By the turn of the century, the number of tigers outside of captivity dwindled to just over 3,000. Interestingly, the most serious threats that tigers face come from a much smaller species, one with an average weight of around 140 lbs. That species is Homo sapiens, better known as humans. Humans threaten tigers in primarily two ways: hunting and destroying habitat. Tigers are hunted for many reasons. People have long valued the famous striped skins. Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, tiger pelts are worth around $10,000 on the black market. Though the fur would be incentive enough for most poachers, other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny. Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties. Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones, amongst other parts, in some prescriptions. Tigers have also been hunted as game. In other words, people hunted tigers solely for the thrill and achievement of killing them. Such killings took place in large scale during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when an English hunter might claim to kill over a hundred tigers in their hunting career. Though this practice is much less popular today than it was in the past, it has not ceased entirely. Humans have done considerable damage to the world’s tiger population through hunting, but perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, all the way from Turkey to the eastern coast of Russia. But over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range. Instead of spanning all the way across Asia, the tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia. This is because humans have drastically changed the environments. Humans have built towns and cities. Road and transit systems were created to connect these towns and cities. To feed the people living in these areas, forests and fields have been cleared to create farmland. A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tiger requires. Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles. Tigers are also both territorial and solitary animals. This means that they are protective of the areas that they claim and they generally do not share with other tigers. Because tigers need so much territory, it is really difficult for conservationists to acquire enough land to support a large population of tigers. 36 Which of the following is NOT a reason in the article explaining why tigers are hunted? A. Because tiger skins are worth a lot of money. B. Because tiger parts are used as medicines in some cultures. C Because some tigers attack local villages. D. Because tigers are hunted for enjoyment by some people. 37. The underlined word “incentive” in the third paragraph probably means ________. A. attractive B. innovative C. alternative D. respective 38. Which best explains why tigers have lost so much of their habitat according to the text? A. Because tigers are under threat from other animals. B. Because tiger skins are extremely valuable. C. Because the environment has been changed. D. Because tigers need so much space to survive. 39. Which of the following best describes the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A. To provide readers with interesting information about the lifestyles of tigers. B. To persuade readers to help the world’s tiger population and to offer ways to help. C. To entertain readers with stories about how tigers hunt and are hunted. D. To explain to readers why the world’s tiger population is endangered. (B) Learning English Video Project 1. Encounters in the UK (17 minutes) Watch Comments Encounters in the UK is the first film in this documentary mini-series. It tells the story of four girls from different countries who travel to Cambridge in England to study English and stay with local families in what is called a “homestay” arrangement. For the four girls the homestay arrangement is a positive experience. As one of the homestay hosts explains: “It’s going to be a great experience, not only in terms of learning English, but in learning about life.” Watch with Subtitles Watch without Subtitles Comments 2. Insights from China (18 minutes) Watch Comments Never say die Based in the busy, cosmopolitan city of Shanghai, Daniel Emmerson’s latest film Insights from China takes us inside the worlds of English language learning and teaching and the airline industry in China. “Insights from China” focuses largely on the staff and management of a Chinese airline company that has recently committed to learning English. Spring Airlines is the first low-cost airline in China. Watch with Subtitles Watch without Subtitles Comments 3. Stories from Morocco (16 minutes) Watch Comments Set in Casablanca, Morocco, this film features footage and interviews focusing on key questions such as “Why are people learning English?” and “What tips and advice can learners offer?” Staff and learners discuss the advantages and challenges of English language learning in Morocco. Interviewees touch on a variety of topics including British vs. American accents, multi-level classrooms, and the similarities of English to French and Spanish. Watch with Subtitles Watch without Subtitles Comments 4. Thoughts from Brazil (17 minutes) Watch Comments Like Insights from China, Thoughts from Brazil also looks at modern trends in learning English, especially for children and teens. It will be of particular interest to all those who long for a learning experience that is more interactive and communicative. Teens and young adults will find new ideas for combining personal interests such as music, gaming and social media with self-study. As Daniel Emmerson talks to learners and teachers of English in Sao Paulo, Brazil, he discovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning by doing and have readily adapted it to the Internet era. Watch with Subtitles Watch without Subtitles Comments 40. From the passage we can conclude that “Learning English Video Project” is most probably______. A. an online course focusing on language and culture B. audio documents on language learning C. a series of English learning video programs D. a set of films on English-speaking countries 41. If someone is interested in the comparison between English and other languages, he might be interested to watch __________. A. Encounters in the UK B. Stories from Morocco C. Thoughts from Brazil D. Insights from China 42. What can we know about English learning in Sao Paulo, Brazil? A. Classroom teaching is more interactive and communicative. B. Homestay arrangement provides positive experience for learners. C. The Internet and games plays a major role in language learning. D. The principle of learning by doing is widely accepted by learners. (C) The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year indicated a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃. This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs. Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while paying few of the costs such as climate changes impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change. On the other hand, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health. The Paris agreement has been widely considered as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as incomplete. The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below” 2℃ deserves to be praised but the emissions reduction promises submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this. More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries. The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change. And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants (暴君) or pioneers. 43. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because ________. A. it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations B. it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ only C. it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries D. it burdens developed countries with the full responsibility 44. Why does the author call some developed countries climate “free-riders”? A. They needn’t worry about the food and water they consume. B. They are better able to cope with the global climate change. C. They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused. D. They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting “forced riders”. 45. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding? A. It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions. B. There is no final agreement on where it will come from. C There is no clarification of how the money will be spent. D. It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide. 46. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement? A. Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative. B. Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts. C. Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus. D. Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The art of academic writing is not easy to master. ___47___ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time. ___48___ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctly composed piece of argument, is incomparable. Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? ___49___ Because academic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing. The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). ___50___ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece. A. These questions may well get clearer and clearer during the process of academic writing. B. The introduction should function as the hook which draws the reader in and holds his attention. C. It is a formal skill, which requires precision and accuracy, and is perfected by continuous and dedicated practice. D. If one is hesitant to answer even one of the aforementioned questions, one had better not write at all! E. It may take one a considerable period of time to know the skills of academic writing, even long after his/her college graduation. F. It is a time-consuming activity and demands patience and perseverance. Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10’) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s. The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular. Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes. Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay. The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Translation (3’+3’+4+5+5’=20） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 如今越来越多的学生主动参与到社会实践中去。(volunteer) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 那栋刚落成的大楼是为了纪念一位毕生致力于医学事业的科学家。(dedicate) (汉译英) 54. 过去的10年来，生物学家对濒临灭绝的海洋物种表示同情。(threaten) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 自从2021年被引进中国以来，这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务，到现在为止，已经开了60家分店。(launch) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 56. 然而，令人印象深刻的不是它的冗长，恰恰相反——是它简洁紧凑的结构。(construction) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing (25’) 57. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 77. 假定你是明自中学学生会主席，你校即将举行主题为“No Plastic Water Bottles”的一项环保活动。请你用英语写一封倡议书，要点包括： 1. 倡导No Plastic Water Bottles的原因； 2. 你的建议(至少三点)。80个单词左右 No Plastic Water Bottles Dear fellow students, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$