精品解析：上海市静安区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末英语试题(含听力）

静安区2024学年第二学期期末教学质量调研 高二英语试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分100分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。全卷共11页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 4. 答题纸涂号及答题与试卷题号一致。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. $800. B. $850. C. $900. D. $950. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: I’d like to buy this laptop. What’s the price? M: It’s 800 dollars, but with an extended warranty. It’s 900 dollars, accessories are an extra 50 dollars. Q: How much will it cost the woman to buy the laptop with an extended warranty and accessories? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She doesn’t like the movie. B. She prefers to spend money on coffee. C. She needs to cut down on coffee. D. She has already bought the tickets. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: The movie tickets are quite expensive this weekend. W: I guess I’ll have to skip coffee for a few days. Q: What does the woman imply? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It was stressful but necessary. B. It was too short to be helpful. C. It was difficult to manage. D. It was valuable and enjoyable. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: I had my first practice teaching session today and it was so rewarding. M: That’s great hands on experience makes a big difference. Q: What does the woman think about her teaching experience? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She’s grateful for the extension. B. She’ll stick to the original deadline. C. She will delay her submission D. She is puzzled by the professor’s decision. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: The professor just extended the deadline for our report. W: That’s nice but I still want to finish mine as planned. Q: What does the woman mean? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman thought the man shared her opinion. B. The woman asked the man for advice in advance. C. The woman deliberately ignored the man’s opinion. D. The woman felt sorry for the man. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: You should have asked for my opinion before making a decision. W: Sorry, I thought we were on the same page. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Many students share the woman’s concern. B. The woman’s data is definitely insufficient. C. He will help the woman collect more data. D. The professor requires more data. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m not sure if my research data is enough for the paper. M: You’re not the only one, many students feel the same way. Q: What does the man mean? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He doesn’t understand economics articles. B. He needs help with his research paper. C. He is struggling to find research materials. D. He is behind schedule on his project. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Can I help you? M: I need sources for my economics research, but I can’t find any useful articles. Q: What’s the man’s problem? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Take the train to the terminal station. B. Wait for the train to complete its route. C. Call for help at the next station. D. Get off at the next stop and return by train. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: I missed my stop. Now I have to wait for the next station. W: No worries, you can take the train back from there. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The presentation should be postponed. B. The woman should begin preparing at once. C. The woman has enough time to prepare. D. The presentation is not very important. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: I have a big presentation tomorrow, but I haven’t prepared at all. M: Then you’d better start working on it right away. Q: What does the man mean? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The role of mathematics in music. B. Students’ interest in music classes. C. A teacher’s innovative teaching method. D. Problems with traditional teaching. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Mr Johnson used music to teach math and the students loved it. M: That’s a creative way to make learning fun. Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the longer conversation. The passage and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To replace Google Maps with its own app. B. To reduce reliance on American technology. C. To lower smartphone production costs. D. To compete with other Chinese operating systems. 12. A. Loss of access to Google’s Android updates. B. Delays in launching new smartphone models. C. Increased dependence on Chinese software. D. A sharp increase in smartphone sales. 13. A. Because Harmony OS lacks technical innovation. B. Because Android already has most developers and users. C. Because Huawei refuses to share it with its competitors. D. Because Harmony OS requires special hardware modifications. 【答案】11. B 12. A 13. B 【解析】 【原文】M: Huawei is launching its own self-developed operating system called Harmony OS today. This move aims to cut down on depending on American tech companies and to compete with Google’s Android. Huawei gadgets have been cut off from updating Google’s Android operating system since August, following a series of US bans on the Shenzhen-based company. The ban also cost Huawei’s access to the US company’s package of smartphone software, known as Google mobile services, used widely across the industry. Huawei’s smartphone sales dropped a lot after being the top seller worldwide for a short time last year. But the company hopes Harmony OS will help it bounce back and challenge Android’s market control. However, getting other companies to use Harmony OS won’t be simple. With an established network of software developers and billions of users familiar with it. Google Android dominates the smartphone market. Currently, more than eight out of 10 smartphones sold run Android. Questions: 11.What is Huawei’s primary purpose in developing Harmony OS? 12. What was the direct impact of the US ban on Huawei? 13. Why don’t more phone makers use Harmony OS? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. For its better taste. B. For its health-beneficial minerals. C. For its longer expiration date. D. For its convenience in transportation. 15. A. Scientific studies on tap water pollution. B. Social media rumors about tap water additives. C. Bottled water companies’ advertising campaigns. D. News reports about aging water pipelines. 16. A. The health benefits of bottled water. B. The environmental impact of plastic bottles. C. The debate between bottled water and tap water. D. The marketing strategies of luxury water brands. 【答案】14. B 15. C 16. C 【解析】 【原文】There’s nothing more refreshing than an Ice cold bottle of water straight out of the vending machine. Can I ask you, though, why didn’t you just get a glass of water from the kitchen tap? That water is cool and refreshing too. And it’s free. Well, I like this brand of bottled water better. It’s enriched with salts and minerals that are very beneficial to your health. Enriched honestly, Jack. Actually, I’m not the only one who thinks so. For the first time in the UK, bottled water is more popular than Cola. Don’t you think it’s a good thing that people are choosing to buy bottled water at the supermarket rather than sugary drinks? As I said to you earlier, why don’t people just drink tap water? Recently, a campaign was launched by green life against plastic pollution. Of course, bottled water causes a huge amount of that. But bottled water was safer to drink than tap water. That’s because bottled water companies have spent millions of pounds on advertisements, scaring us off tap water. Some advertisers may have suggested, for example, that tap water wasn’t healthy. Well, still, bottled water tastes better. You can buy many different brands of bottled water with a range of price tags. At the top end, there’s water from a 4000 year old Norwegian iceberg. How much does that cost? Around 80 Yuan a bottle. I doubt that a bottle of water was worth that much money. Do you know that tap water is more regulated than bottled water? And in taste tests where random people were asked to grade water according to which they liked the best, tap water came up first most times. So the drinks companies manufactured the demand for bottled water. That’s right. It seems I spent money for nothing. Questions: 14. Why does the man prefer to drink that particular brand of bottled water? 15.What makes people think tap water is unsafe? 16. What is mainly talked about in this dialogue? II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cats have the power to glow in the dark, scientists discover Cats always land on their feet and are seen as a symbol of good luck in some cultures. They enjoy nine lives. But now the cat folk story has received an extra boost as scientists have found they can even glow in the dark. The domestic cat is one of 125 species that ____17____ (find) to have fluorescent (荧光的) properties that make them glow under UV light. This ability has been noted in various animals, including humans, but it was never known ____18____ widespread it was. Scientists in Australia reviewed a museum’s collection of mammals to see how many glowed in the dark ____19____ a UV light was turned on. They found 125 species had the ability. The research found that all 27 orders(目)—the level above genus(属)—____20____ (have) members that possessed fluorescent properties. “Fluorescence was most common and most intense among night-active species, with more of their body ____21____ (be) more fluorescent,” the study authors said. “____22____ remains unclear whether fluorescence has any specific biological role for mammals. It appears to be a common property of colorless fur and skin. But it may function ____23____ (make) these areas appear brighter therefore enhancing visual signaling. This is especially true for night-active species.” There are various forms of fluorescence, but all involve the absorption of light and a low-level emission, ____24____ often resembles a glow. The role of this phenomenon in nature remains unknown but is likely to help animals of the same species communicate. People and rabbits were the first mammals ____25____ (show) to have fluorescent properties when an academic paper in 1911 found human hair could emit light in the UV range. Over the years, a few studies have identified specific individual species ____26____ fluorescent capabilities and provided unproven story-based evidence. 【答案】17. have been found 18. how 19. when 20. had 21. being 22. It 23. to make 24. which 25. shown 26. with 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现家猫等125种哺乳动物具有荧光特性，在紫外线下会发光，该现象在夜间活动物种中更常见，其生物学作用尚不明确，可能与视觉信号交流有关。 【17题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：家猫是被发现具有荧光特性的125个物种之一，这些特性使它们在紫外线下发光。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语that（指代先行词species）与find为被动关系，且动作对现在有影响，用现在完成时的被动语态；that是复数意义，助动词用have。故填 have been found。 【18题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这种能力在包括人类在内的各种动物中都有记载，但从未有人知道它的普及程度如何。空处引导宾语从句，修饰widespread，表程度，用连接代词how引导。故填how。 【19题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：澳大利亚的科学家们查看了一家博物馆的哺乳动物藏品，想看看当紫外线灯打开时，有多少会在黑暗中发光。空处引导从句，表示“当……”，用when引导构成时间状语从句。故填when。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：研究发现，所有27个目（属以上的分类级别）都有具有荧光特性的成员。空处为主句谓语动词，all 27 orders与have为主动关系，主句为一般过去时，从句动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填had。 【21题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究作者说：“荧光在夜间活动的物种中最常见，也最强烈，它们身体的更多部位具有更强的荧光性。”这里考查“with + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，body与be为主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填being。 【22题详解】 考查形式主语。句意：目前尚不清楚荧光对哺乳动物是否有任何特定的生物学作用。真正主语为 whether引导的从句，这里应用it作形式主语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填It。 23题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但它的功能可能是使这些区域显得更亮，从而增强视觉信号。此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 【24题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：荧光有多种形式，但都涉及光的吸收和低水平的发射，这通常类似于发光。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a low-level emission，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【25题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：1911年的一篇学术论文发现人类头发可以在紫外线下发光，人类和兔子是首批被证明具有荧光特性的哺乳动物。此空考查非谓语，the first mammals与show 为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填shown。 【26题详解】 考查介词。句意：多年来，一些研究已经确定了具有荧光能力的特定单个物种，并提供了未经证实的基于故事的证据。此处表示“具有”，用介词with。故填with。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. advanced B. signs C. fantasy D. mysterious E. shave F. track G. feed H. link I. predictions J. updating K. risky When visiting a doctor a few years from now, you can expect to be accompanied by a virtual version of yourself. This so-called digital twin will be a working model of your body that can be called onto a physician’s computer screen. Updated with your latest vital ____27____, it will help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis. It also opens the door for medicines and procedures designed specifically for you, greatly increasing recovery rates. This might seem like ____28____ but the foundations are being laid. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London already use computer simulations (模拟) of the hearts of individual patients to evaluate different treatments for atrial fibrillation, a common disorder. It would be far too ____29____ to experiment this way on someone’s real heart. With other organs also being twinned by scientists, it seems likely they will eventually ____30____ up to form a virtual body. As our Science & Technology section reports, digital twins are starting to pop up everywhere. Among other things, they monitor the health of jet engines on airliners, keep ____31____ of Uber’s network of vehicles and copy Amazon’s extensive supply chain well enough for the online retailer to accurately forecast sales several years ahead. They are helping local authorities respond to the effects of flooding and letting carmakers ____32____ years off the development of new models by simulating test drives and crashes. Twins are also being developed to help manage factories, companies and entire cities. All this is being turbo-charged by recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), which gives digital twins the ability to make ____33____ about their physical equivalents, and fine-tune themselves on new data. Digital twins began as basic computer models of physical objects and systems. As computers have become more powerful, twins have become more ____34____. Complex design and modeling software means many physical objects take shape in the virtual world. Small sensors, capable of measuring all sorts of things, ____35____ twins with real-time data, ensuring that they mirror their physical equivalents. A Formula I racing car, for instance, may have more than 250 sensors ____36____ its digital twin during a grand race. The use of AI takes all this much further, allowing virtual models to become more sophisticated, and to both simulate and optimize activities in the real world. 【答案】27. B 28. C 29. K 30. H 31. F 32. E 33. I 34. A 35. G 36. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了数字孪生技术的快速发展及其跨领域应用，从个性化医疗到工业制造和城市管理，指出人工智能的进步正推动虚拟模型实现对物理世界的精准模拟和优化。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：它会根据你的最新生命体征进行更新，帮助医生做出准确诊断。空处作with的宾语，结合“it will help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis”可推知，B项signs“迹象，征兆”符合题意，固定搭配vital sign意为“生命体征”，表示“根据你的最新生命体征进行更新”。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：这看起来可能像幻想，但基础已经奠定。空处作like的宾语，结合“but the foundations are being laid”可推知，C项fantasy“幻想”符合题意，表示“看起来可能像幻想”。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在真实心脏上这样实验风险太大了。空处作表语，结合“to experiment this way on someone’s real heart”可推知，K项risky“有风险的，危险的”符合题意，表示“风险太大”。故选K。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着其他器官也被科学家“孪生化”，它们最终可能会连接起来形成一个虚拟身体。空处和will构成谓语，结合“up to form a virtual body”可推知，H项link“连接”符合题意，表示“连接起来形成一个虚拟身体”。故选H。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：除此之外，它们监测客机喷气发动机的健康状况，追踪优步的车辆网络，并复制亚马逊庞大的供应链，使在线零售商能够准确预测几年后的销售。空处作keep的宾语，结合“of Uber’s network of vehicles”可推知，F项track“足迹，踪迹”符合题意，固定短语keep track of意为“追踪”，表示“追踪优步的车辆网络”。故选F。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：它们帮助地方政府应对洪水的影响，并让汽车制造商通过模拟试驾和碰撞测试将新车型的开发时间缩短数年。句中用let sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，结合“years off the development of new models”可推知，E项shave“削去”符合题意，固定短语shave… off意为“从……中削减”，表示“将新车型的开发时间缩短数年”。故选E。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：人工智能的最新进展加速了这一切，使数字孪生能够对其物理等效物做出预测，并根据新数据自我微调。空处作make的宾语，结合“fine-tune themselves on new data”可推知，I项predictions“预测”符合题意，固定短语make predictions about意为“对……做预测”，表示“对其物理等效物做出预测”。故选I。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随着计算机变得更强大，孪生体变得更先进。空处和more构成比较级，作表语，结合“As computers have become more powerful”可推知，A项advanced“先进的”符合题意，表示“变得更先进”。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：能够测量各种事物的小型传感器为孪生体提供实时数据，确保它们反映其物理等效物。空处作谓语，结合“twins with real-time data”可推知，G项feed“供给，供应”符合题意，固定短语feed sth. with sth.意为“为……供应……”，表示“为孪生体提供实时数据”。故选G。 【36题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，一辆一级方程式赛车可能拥有250多个传感器在大型比赛期间为其数字孪生体更新数据。空处作宾语补足语，结合“more than 250 sensors”和“its digital twin”可推知，J项updating“更新”符合题意，表示“为其数字孪生体更新数据”。故选J。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Checking packages is unhealthy obsession There’s a child-like joy that comes with ordering something online — whether it be clothes or kitchen gadgets. We sit ____37____ the U.S. Postal Service or FedEx pages to see when our items will arrive, and we become overly excited, hopeful and anxious. But why? According to Owen O’Kane, a psychotherapist, even the smallest positive future events can ____38____ us when we’re feeling down. This is why people look forward to dinner reservations, hair appointments and yes, receiving packages. But it’s not the purchase itself that arouses this happiness. Experts say there’s something about the ____39____ of a package arriving that is exciting for those in need of change in their lives. When our package finally arrives, many of us are satisfied. But that initial excitement has probably ____40____ because our obsession with our parcel represents much more than the item we purchased. For some, the arrival of a package may represent “an imagined positive future, where you can control your needs for a book or blouse,” making life feel more ____41____ and less dull. Waiting for a parcel can also serve as a temporary ____42____ from the boredom, giving you something new to look forward to. “You’re distracting yourself from other feelings like anxiety, boredom. When you imagine a positive event in the future, you feel only joyful expectation. And tracking it down to the street of the delivery truck makes it even more ____43____” O’Kane says. Nevertheless, anticipation isn’t always a good thing. People became angry recently when the U. S. Postal Service announced its slower delivery. And now, many are worried about items arriving late, appearing broken, or simply not ____44____ expectations. This phenomenon is called pre-parcel anxiety and it’s more common than you would think. “We live in a society where we build expectations and ____45____ perfectionism. We want efficiency and ____46____ with patience,” O’Kane explains. A delayed package may seem ____47____ to some. But for others, feeling hopeful and then being let down is angering and anxiety-provoking. “We feel tricked, sometimes on a personal level. We all want fair transactions, and when we ____48____ and the other party drops the ball, anger is often the result,” O’Kane says, comparing it to “broken, ignored or forgotten” promises. ____49____, O’Kane says these reactions are telling about more deep-rooted issues beyond a delayed package. “Anxiety is ____50____ to uncertainty, and many struggle with not having control. So it’s really ____51____ of something bigger, of the need to control everything and to be perfect.” 37. A. winding B. switching C. refreshing D. registering 38. A. fascinate B. motivate C. innovate D. cultivate 39. A. accommodation B. companion C. transportation D. anticipation 40. A. faded B. surged C. remained D. expanded 41. A. advisable B. manageable C. knowledgeable D. considerable 42. A. voyage B. liberty C. resistance D. distraction 43. A. cultural B. real C. pale D. fictional 44. A. catching up with B. giving rise to C. putting up with D. living up to 45. A. embrace B. reject C. sacrifice D. spot 46. A. interact B. struggle C. identify D. charge 47. A. insignificant B. invaluable C. indifferent D. inevitable 48. A. live in harmony B. do our part C. pave the way D. cheer up 49. A. However B. Generally C. Instead D. Fortunately 50. A. attachment B. dominance C. intolerance D. discrimination 51. A. critical B. suspicious C. fond D. symbolic 【答案】37. C 38. B 39. D 40. A 41. B 42. D 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述人们网购后频繁查看物流的行为背后，是对积极未来的期待及对掌控感的需求，这种“包裹焦虑”反映了更深层的心理问题。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们坐在电脑前刷新美国邮政或联邦快递的页面，查看物品何时到达，我们变得过于兴奋、充满希望和焦虑。但是为什么呢？A. winding缠绕；B. switching切换；C. refreshing刷新；D. registering注册。根据下文“the U.S. Postal Service or FedEx pages to see when our items will arrive”以及常识可知，查看物流信息时需要刷新页面，refreshing符合语义。故选C项。 【38题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理治疗师欧文·奥凯恩表示，即使是最小的积极未来事件，也能在我们情绪低落时激励我们。A. fascinate使着迷；B. motivate激励；C. innovate创新；D. cultivate培养。根据下文“people look forward to dinner reservations, hair appointments and yes, receiving packages”可知，这里指对未来事件的期待能激励人们，motivate正确。故选B项。 【39题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家表示，对于需要生活改变的人来说，包裹到达的期待是令人兴奋的。A. accommodation住宿；B. companion同伴；C. transportation运输；D. anticipation期待。根据下文“anticipation isn’t always a good thing”以及语境可知，这里指对包裹到达的期待，anticipation是原词复现。故选D项。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但最初的兴奋可能已经消退，因为我们对包裹的痴迷远不止我们购买的物品。A. faded消退；B. surged激增；C. remained保留；D. expanded扩大。由“but”表转折可知，这里指收到包裹后兴奋感消退，与前面的“期待”形成对比，faded符合转折逻辑。故选A项。 【41题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一些人来说，一个包裹的到来可能代表着“一个想象中的积极未来，在那里你可以控制自己对一本书或一件衬衫的需求”，让生活感觉更容易管理，也不那么乏味。A. advisable明智的；B. manageable可控制的；C. knowledgeable博学的；D. considerable相当大的。根据下文“less dull”以及语境可知，这里与“不那么乏味”并列，“可控制的”体现对生活的积极感受，与上文“control your needs”对应，符合语境。故选B项。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：等待包裹也可以作为一种暂时的分心，让你有新的期待。A. voyage航行；B. liberty自由；C. resistance抵抗；D. distraction分心。根据下文“distracting yourself from other feelings”可知，这里指等待包裹可让你暂时分心，distraction是原词复现。故选D项。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：追踪到送货卡车的街道，会让它感觉更真实。A. cultural文化的；B. real真实的；C. pale苍白的；D. fictional虚构的。根据上文“tracking it down to the street of the delivery truck”以及语境可知，这里指追踪物流信息使期待的事件更真实，real符合语义。故选B项。 【44题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，许多人担心物品迟到、破损，或者仅仅是不符合预期。A. catching up with赶上；B. giving rise to引起；C. putting up with忍受；D. living up to符合。根据下文“expectations”以及语境可知，这里指收到的物品不符合预期，not living up to expectations，表示“不符合预期”，符合语境。故选D项。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个建立期望并拥抱完美主义的社会。A. embrace拥抱；B. reject拒绝；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. spot发现。根据上文“build expectations”以及语境可知，这里与“建立期望”并列，“拥抱”完美主义符合语境。故选A项。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们想要效率，却很难有耐心。A. interact互动；B. struggle挣扎；C. identify识别；D. charge充电。根据上文“We want efficiency”以及语境可知，这里与 “想要效率”形成对比，表“我们很难有耐心”，struggle with patience，表示“缺乏耐心”，符合语境。故选B项。 【47题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：延迟的包裹对某些人来说可能微不足道。A. insignificant微不足道的；B. invaluable无价的；C. indifferent冷漠的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据下文“for others, feeling hopeful and then being let down is angering and anxiety-provoking”以及But表转折可知，此处指包裹延迟对一些人来说微不足道，与后文“激怒和焦虑”形成对比。故选A项。 【48题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：奥凯恩说：“我们都希望交易公平，当我们尽到了自己的责任，而另一方却搞砸了，愤怒往往就会随之而来。” 他将这种情况比作那些“被违背、被忽视或被遗忘” 的承诺。A. live in harmony和谐共处；B. do our part尽自己的本分；C. pave the way铺路；D. cheer up振作起来。根据下文“other party drops the ball”以及语境可知，这里“另一方失误”与“我们尽了自己的本分”形成对比，所以do our part正确。故选B项。 【49题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，O’Kane 表示，这些反应揭示了比包裹延迟更根深蒂固的问题。A. However然而；B. Generally通常；C. Instead相反；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据下文“these reactions are telling about more deep-rooted issues beyond a delayed package”以及语境可知，前句讲具体反应，此句转向深层原因，应用However表转折。故选A项。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：焦虑是对不确定性的不容忍，许多人难以控制。A. attachment依恋；B. dominance支配；C. intolerance无法容忍；D. discrimination歧视。根据上文“Anxiety” 和下文“uncertainty”以及上文对延迟包裹的焦虑情况可知，这里指焦虑是对不确定性的不容忍，intolerance正确。故选C项。 【51题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以它实际上象征着更重大的意义，象征着一种掌控一切、追求完美的需求。A. critical批判的；B. suspicious怀疑的；C. fond喜爱的；D. symbolic象征的。根据上文“these reactions are telling about more deep-rooted issues beyond a delayed package”可知，这里指象征更重大的意义，符合对深层心理的描述。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) After a few hours the road began to be rough, and the walking grew so difficult that the Scarecrow often fell over the yellow bricks, which were here very uneven. Sometimes, indeed, they were broken or missing altogether, leaving holes that Dorothy walked around. As for the Scarecrow, having no brains, he walked straight ahead, and so stepped into the holes and fell at full length on the hard bricks. It never hurt him, however, and Dorothy would pick him up and set him upon his feet again, while he joined her in laughing merrily at his own disaster. The farms were not nearly so well cared for here as they were farther back. There were fewer houses and fewer fruit trees, and the farther they went, the more disappointing and lonesome the country became. At noon they sat down by the roadside, near a little brook, and Dorothy opened her basket and got out some bread. She offered a piece to the Scarecrow, but he refused. “I am never hungry,” he said, “and it is a lucky thing I am not, for my mouth is only painted, and if I should cut a hole in it so I could eat, the straw I am stuffed with would come out, and that would spoil the shape of my head.” Dorothy saw at once that this was true, so she only nodded and went on eating her bread. “Tell me something about yourself and the country you came from,” said the Scarecrow, when Dorothy had finished her dinner. So she told him all about Kansas, and how gray everything was there, and how the tornado had carried her to this strange Land of Oz. The Scarecrow listened carefully, and said, “I cannot understand why you should wish to leave this beautiful country and go back to the dry, gray place you call Kansas.” “That is because you have no brains” answered the girl. “No matter how dull and gray our homes are, we people of flesh and blood would rather live there than in any other country, be it ever so beautiful. There is no place like home.” 52. The Scarecrow often fell while walking on the road because ________. A. he was too tired and hungry to walk steadily B. he lacked the brains to avoid the holes C. the road was narrow and slippery D. he was distracted by talking too much with Dorothy 53. What does Dorothy mean when she says, “There is no place like home”? A. She believes Kansas is the most beautiful place. B. She values home for its emotional significance. C. She prefers the simplicity and stability of her old life. D. She misses her family and friends in Kansas. 54. Which of the following best describes the Scarecrow’s personality? A. Cheerful and eager to learn. B. Innocent and self-doubting. C. Humble but not practical. D. Observant but emotionally distant. 【答案】52. B 53. B 54. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。多萝西与稻草人赶路时道路崎岖，农场荒凉。途中休息时，稻草人因无大脑不懂多萝西为何想回堪萨斯，她称“没有地方像家一样”。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“As for the Scarecrow, having no brains, he walked straight ahead, and so stepped into the holes and fell at full length on the hard bricks. (至于稻草人，由于没有头脑，他一直径直向前走，结果掉进了这些洞里，全身趴在坚硬的砖块上。)”可知，稻草人走在路上时经常会摔倒，因为他缺乏判断力，无法避开那些坑洞。故选B。 【53题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“No matter how dull and gray our homes are, we people of flesh and blood would rather live there than in any other country, be it ever so beautiful. There is no place like home. (无论我们的家有多么沉闷灰暗，我们这些有血有肉的人宁愿住在那里，也不愿去其他任何地方，哪怕那里再美丽也罢。没有什么地方能比得上家。)”可知，当多萝西说“没有什么地方能比得上家”时，她这话的意思是她看重家是因为它具有情感上的意义。故选B。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“As for the Scarecrow, having no brains, he walked straight ahead, and so stepped into the holes and fell at full length on the hard bricks. It never hurt him, however, and Dorothy would pick him up and set him upon his feet again, while he joined her in laughing merrily at his own disaster. (至于稻草人，由于没有头脑，他一直径直向前走，结果掉进了这些缺口里，整个人趴在坚硬的砖块上。不过，这并没有伤到他，多萝西会把他捡起来，让他重新站直身子，而他则和多萝西一起开心地大笑，为自己的这场灾难感到庆幸。)”以及倒数第三段““Tell me something about yourself and the country you came from,” said the Scarecrow, when Dorothy had finished her dinner. So she told him all about Kansas, and how gray everything was there, and how the tornado had carried her to this strange Land of Oz. (“跟我讲讲你自己以及你来自的那个国家吧。”稻草人在多萝西吃完饭后说道。于是她向他讲述了整个堪萨斯的情况，以及那里的一切是多么的灰暗，还有那场龙卷风是如何把她带到了这个奇异的奥兹国。)”可知，稻草人性格开朗，乐于学习。故选A。 (B) A new book by British photographer Jimmy Nelson tells the story of traditional Dutch communities through striking portraits featuring national costume and dramatic landscapes including the following places. Marken, Noord-Holland Marken, a former island just 20 km north-east of Amsterdam, was once separated from the mainland by water and has been connected since 1957. This historical isolation and its coastal location have significantly influenced its culture and traditions. The peninsula has more than 30 different traditional costumes — all handmade — including five stages of mourning dress, from darkest black through to purple. “The clothing of Marken is very subtle,” Nelson said. “For every festival and important life moment, they have a different style.” Zeeland Zeeland has barely changed in the last 100 years. Everything which makes the province what it is today, has to do with water. The sea is part of residents’ life and every day it is different. When the wind is from the southwest, the dunes (沙丘) cast dust over the village and the sand lies in the streets and in their gardens — a bit like snow. Sometimes the salty air from the sea, it’s on their windows and people can’t see outside because there’s a thick layer of salt on the glass. Friesland For this province of ice-skating fanatics, the colder the better. As the ice thickens, excitement mounts at the prospect of the legendary Elfstedentocht, a 200km ice skating race through 11 Frisian towns. Cold is the distinct feature of Friesland. There are numerous words for ice, explained Anke Bijlsma, whose northeast Friesland farm was photographed by Nelson. “There’s rough ice, dark ice — that’s the most beautiful one — snow ice, bubble ice…” The region’s extraordinary star-filled skies make it equally impressive at night. “There’s not a lot of light pollution and it’s amazingly dark,” said Bijlsma, who regularly takes a moment to absorb the incredible views. “When you see the horizon on the sea, every little or big problem in your head blows away. You can stare into nothing: only sea and sky.” 55 What is unique about the traditional costumes in Marken? A. They are all made of silk and come in bright colors. B They are bold or attention-grabbing in their design. C. They are all made of wool and represent different seasons. D. They are carefully designed for different life events. 56. What is the main feature of Friesland, according to the passage? A. It is a hot and sunny region, perfect for outdoor activities. B. The cold and ice play a major role in its ice-skating culture. C. It is known for its incredible views of amazing light. D. People there always feel lost due to sea and sky. 57. Which of the following is true about all three places mentioned in the passage? A. They all have unique traditional clothing styles tied to important life events. B. They are known for their warm and sunny climates year-round. C. They are all greatly influenced by their relationship with the sea. D. They each have a large population of ice-skating enthusiasts. 【答案】55. D 56. B 57. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国摄影师吉米·尼尔森新书里关于荷兰传统社区的故事，讲述了马尔肯、泽兰和弗里斯兰三个地方受海洋影响的特色。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据Marken, Noord Holland部分中“The peninsula has more than 30 different traditional costumes — all handmade — including five stages of mourning dress, from darkest black through to purple. ‘The clothing of Marken is very subtle,’ Nelson said. ‘For every festival and important life moment, they have a different style.’(这个半岛有30多种不同的传统服装——全是手工制作的——包括五个阶段的丧服，从最深的黑色到紫色。尼尔森说：“马尔肯的服装非常精致。对于每一个节日和重要的人生时刻，他们都有不同的款式。”)”可知，马尔肯的传统服装是为不同的生活事件精心设计的。故选D项。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据Friesland部分中“For this province of ice skating fanatics, the colder the better. As the ice thickens, excitement mounts at the prospect of the legendary Elfstedentocht, a 200km ice skating race through 11 Frisian towns.(对于这个滑冰狂热者的省份来说，越冷越好。随着冰层变厚，人们对传奇的埃尔夫斯特登巡回赛的期待也越来越高，这是一场穿越弗里斯兰11个城镇的200公里滑冰比赛)”和“Cold is the distinct feature of Friesland. (寒冷是弗里斯兰的显著特征)”可知，寒冷和冰在其滑冰文化中起着重要作用。故选B项。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据Marken, Noord Holland部分中“This historical isolation and its coastal location have significantly influenced its culture and traditions.(这种历史上的孤立和它的沿海位置显著影响了它的文化和传统)”，Zeeland部分中“Everything which makes the province what it is today, has to do with water. The sea is part of residents’ life and every day it is different. (造就这个省份如今面貌的一切都与水有关。大海是居民生活的一部分，而且每天都不一样)”和Friesland部分中“‘There’s not a lot of light pollution and it’s amazingly dark,’ said Bijlsma, who regularly takes a moment to absorb the incredible views. ‘When you see the horizon on the sea, every little or big problem in your head blows away. You can stare into nothing: only sea and sky.’(“这里几乎没有光污染，暗得出奇，”比尔斯玛说道。他常常会驻足片刻，沉浸在这令人惊叹的景色中。“当你凝望海天交界处时，脑海中所有大大小小的烦恼都会烟消云散。你可以放空自己，眼前唯有海天一色。”)”可知，这三个地方都靠近海洋，深受与海洋关系的影响，所以C项“They are all greatly influenced by their relationship with the sea.”是正确表述。故选C项。 (C) On 21 December 1872, HMS Challenger set off from England on the first global scientific survey of the seas. The four-year, 130,000-kilometre voyage revealed the ocean’s vast scale and its living inhabitants. Now, 150 years later, the Challenger expedition remains a milestone in oceanography (海洋学). Scientists still use its enormous collections to study how the ocean is changing. While much has changed since the Challenger era — from piano wire to sound beams for seabed mapping—some outdated ideas still persist and they urgently need to be left behind. Back then, science was driven not just by curiosity but also by an imperialistic desire to find and secure access to resources. This mindset of exploration going hand in hand with exploitation persists today. We know far more now than we did 150 years ago about the critical role the ocean plays as a support system for all life on Earth. It regulates the climate, generates oxygen, absorbs carbon and contains masses of biodiversity. Meanwhile, industries are seeking to extract more than ever from the ocean, from seabed minerals to the fish that inhabit deep waters. Working closely with scientists not only shows industrialists what is there to exploit, and where, but it can also help justify their activities. With the ocean facing so many threats, this is a critical time for marine science to move beyond the old narrative of exploitation. In its place, we need a new model for seeking to better understand the ocean, to properly protect it and to find fair, right and truly sustainable ways to use the vast blue parts of our planet. Unlike the exploitative mindset of the past, this new model prioritizes understanding and protection over resource extraction. This global scientific cooperative isn’t a single expedition, but combines the efforts of scientists worldwide on numerous research trips over the current decade. A major aim is to go to places scientists haven’t been before, and to use that knowledge to better appreciate how all of society benefits from the ocean. Earth has one ocean, and we all depend on it—not just those who will gain the most commercially. 58. Why is the Challenger expedition mentioned in the passage? A. To compare with deep-sea exploration tools. B. To point out its imperialistic goals. C. To highlight its lasting impact on marine science. D. To criticize its outdated exploration methods. 59. According to the passage, what is a major concern in today’s ocean development? A. The persistence of exploitative mindsets. B. The decline in global scientific cooperation. C. The lack of advanced technology for seabed mapping. D. The overemphasis on protecting biodiversity. 60. What does the underlined phrase “an imperialistic desire” (in paragraph 3) most likely refer to? A. A scientific curiosity about unknown marine life. B. A political strategy to claim oceanic territories. C. A cultural preference for European-led research. D. A drive to discover and control resources for power. 61. What can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6 of the passage? A. There is a continued reliance on traditional approaches to ocean exploration. B. Ocean research in the future should prioritize conservation and sustainable use. C. Scientists are increasingly supporting the industrial exploitation of ocean resources. D. Resource extraction is justified if it leads to advancements in scientific knowledge. 【答案】58. C 59. A 60. D 61. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“挑战者号”远征对海洋学的深远影响及当下海洋发展需改变利用模式。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Now, 150 years later, the Challenger expedition remains a milestone in oceanography (海洋学). Scientists still use its enormous collections to study how the ocean is changing. (如今，150年过去了，“挑战者号”远征仍然是海洋学的一个里程碑。科学家们仍然利用它庞大的藏品来研究海洋是如何变化的。)”可知，文章提到“挑战者号”远征是为了强调它对海洋科学的持久影响。故选C。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Back then, science was driven not just by curiosity but also by an imperialistic desire to find and secure access to resources. This mindset of exploration going hand in hand with exploitation persists today. (那时，科学不仅是由好奇心驱动的，也是由一种帝国主义的欲望驱动的，即寻找和确保获得资源。这种探索与剥削并存的思维模式至今仍然存在。)”以及第四段中“Meanwhile, industries are seeking to extract more than ever from the ocean, from seabed minerals to the fish that inhabit deep waters. Working closely with scientists not only shows industrialists what is there to exploit, and where, but it can also help justify their activities. (与此同时，工业界正试图从海洋中获取比以往任何时候都更多的东西，从海底矿物到栖息在深海的鱼类。与科学家密切合作不仅能让实业家知道有什么可以开发，在哪里开发，还能帮助证明他们的活动是合理的。)”可知，当今海洋发展的一个主要担忧是剥削心态的持续存在。故选A。 【60题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Back then, science was driven not just by curiosity but also by an imperialistic desire to find and secure access to resources. This mindset of exploration going hand in hand with exploitation persists today. (那时，科学不仅是由好奇心驱动的，也是由an imperialistic desire驱动的，即寻找和确保获得资源。这种探索与剥削并存的思维模式至今仍然存在。)”可知，an imperialistic desire指的是一种为了权力而发现和控制资源的驱动力。故选D。 【61题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“With the ocean facing so many threats, this is a critical time for marine science to move beyond the old narrative of exploitation. In its place, we need a new model for seeking to better understand the ocean, to properly protect it and to find fair, right and truly sustainable ways to use the vast blue parts of our planet. (海洋面临着如此多的威胁，现在是海洋科学超越旧的剥削叙事的关键时刻。我们需要一种新的模式，来更好地了解海洋，适当地保护海洋，并找到公平、正确和真正可持续的方式来利用我们星球上广阔的蓝色区域。)”以及第六段“A major aim is to go to places scientists haven’t been before, and to use that knowledge to better appreciate how all of society benefits from the ocean. (一个主要目标是去科学家们从未去过的地方，并利用这些知识来更好地理解整个社会是如何从海洋中受益的。)”可知，从第五段和第六段可以推断出，未来的海洋研究应该优先考虑保护和可持续利用。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Innovations in Food Production: Cultivated Meat Innovators in the United States and around the world will soon bring to market new and transformative products that have the ability to reshape animal agriculture as we know it. Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. ____62____ We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. The cell culturing process — similar to those used in making beer and cheese — can replace factory farms and eliminate the need to slaughter animals. Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. ____63____ They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. These lagoons are entirely absent from cultivated meat production. Absent too would be the bad smells and other harmful air pollutants local communities have to endure thanks to factory farms. And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. ____64____ Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. ____65____ And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! As interest in healthier and more sustainable options to slaughtered meat increases, cultivated meat can step in to help meet this booming demand. A. In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. B. Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste drugs, and chemicals. C. Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. D. While cultivated meat avoids slaughter, some worry about its sensory qualities. E. We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. F. Some worry that scaling up production may require significant energy, reducing its environmental edge. 【答案】62. C 63. B 64. A 65. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食品生产领域的创新——培育肉，阐述了其生产方式，并说明了培育肉相比传统工厂化养殖的优势以及消费者对更健康、可持续食品需求的增长趋势。 【62题详解】 根据上文“Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. (消费者将能够购买肉类和其他动物源性食品，而无需支持残忍、不清洁和不安全的工厂化农场和屠宰场。培育肉——也被称为无屠宰肉或细胞基肉，正是如此——从动物细胞中生产的动物肉，无需饲养和宰杀有生命、有感知的生物。)”以及下文“We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. (我们不需要依赖这个有缺陷的工业系统。培育肉生产将消除将数千只动物挤入笼子和拥挤的谷仓的需要，当然也不需要每年屠宰数十亿只动物。)”可知，此空应总结传统动物农业存在的问题，从而引出培育肉的优势。C选项“Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. (动物农业导致动物痛苦，污染环境，并威胁人类福利。)”中的“causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare”概括了传统农业的弊端，“this flawed industrial system”即动物农业的劣势，从而突出培育肉的优势所在，符合语境。故选C项。 【63题详解】 根据上文“Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. (培育肉生产不仅会消除工业工厂化养殖中固有的残忍和痛苦，还有望显著降低环境影响。)”以及下文“They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. (他们将这些危险物质放置在遍布美国各地的巨大“泻湖”中。这些废物泻湖威胁公众健康，并经常溢出污染数英里的水道，杀死无数野生动物。)”可知，此空应提及工厂化农场在环境影响方面的具体做法，尤其是废弃物处理问题。B选项“Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals. (工厂化农场必须处理动物粪便、药物和化学物质。)”中的“disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals”对应下文“dangerous substances”和“waste lagoons”，解释了工厂化农场对环境造成污染的原因，符合语境。故选B项。 【64题详解】 根据上文“And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. (工厂化农场不得不使用大量抗生素和其他药物来预防和控制疾病，因为它们将数千只处于压力和痛苦中的动物挤入肮脏的仓库。)”可知，此空应将工厂化农场的弊端与培育肉的优势进行对比。A选项“In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. (相比之下，培育肉生产设施将提供安全、清洁和可控的环境。)”中的“In contrast”表明对比关系，“safe, clean, and controlled environments”与上文工厂化农场的“dirty warehouses”形成鲜明对比，突出培育肉在生产环境上的优势，符合语境。故选A项。 【65题详解】 根据上文“Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. (每年都有越来越多的消费者拒绝残忍和不可持续的工厂化养殖产品，并要求更好的东西。)”以及下文“And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! (而且这一趋势只会越来越强劲。例如，植物基食品协会（PBFA）收集的数据发现，2018年植物基肉类的需求同比增长24%！)”可知，此空应具体说明消费者对替代食品需求增长的情况。E选项“We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. (近年来，我们看到对植物基肉类和牛奶的需求急剧增长。)”中的“dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats”与下文“24% year to year growth”相呼应，用具体数据支撑了消费者需求增长的趋势，符合语境。故选E项。 IV. Summary Writing 66. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Hidden Cost of Digital Distractions The researchers carried out a study in which people were asked to read a short passage, and then answer questions that tested their understanding of what they had read. Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. In short, you shouldn’t be surprised digital distractions kill your productivity. Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. For example, you might be working on an important presentation, only to be distracted by several e-mail notifications. You then have a choice — do you stop and answer these messages, or do you carry on with your presentation and hope that the sender doesn’t expect an immediate response? Either way, the notification has interrupted your flow and thrown you off course. Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. It can feel as though everyone wants a piece of your time, and that you will never get around to finishing anything. If you are a typical worker, you’ll be distracted every 11 minutes, and it will take you 25 minutes to actually settle down again to your task. The more complicated your project, the longer it takes to regain your focus, because your brain has to put in considerable effort when switching between complex objectives. To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. By managing digital interruptions intentionally, individuals can ensure their devices support their goals instead of getting in the way. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For reference: Research shows that digital distractions reduce productivity. Although initially designed for convenience, devices like smartphones now often hinder efficiency by interrupting workflows and disrupting concentration with constant notifications. Resuming tasks, particularly complex ones, takes time and effort. Moreover, frequent interruptions can lower motivation. A practical solution is to consciously limit daily digital interruptions to stay productive. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了数字干扰会降低工作效率，介绍了其带来的负面影响，并提出设置“专注时间”来限制数字干扰以提高效率的解决办法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. ②Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. ③Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. ④To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. 2. 缜密构思 将第1点说明数字干扰影响效率；第2点说明设备初衷与现状；第3点说明数字干扰带来的其他负面影响；第4点提出解决办法。 3. 遣词造句 Research indicates digital distractions reduce productivity. Smartphones, initially for convenience, now often interrupt daily life. Digital distractions waste time, lower motivation and make it hard to refocus. Setting “focus hours” can limit digital interruptions and boost efficiency. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Research shows that digital distractions reduce productivity. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Although initially designed for convenience, devices like smartphones now often hinder efficiency by interrupting workflows and disrupting concentration with constant notifications. (运用了although引导省略的让步状语从句) V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 67. 长途跋涉就为在那家老字号餐馆用餐，值得吗？(worthwhile) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】Is it worthwhile to travel a long distance just to dine/eat at that time-honored restaurant? 【解析】 【详解】考查it作形式主语、非谓语动词。表示“值得做某事”用固定句型it is worthwhile to do sth.，其中it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，本句为一般疑问句，将系动词is放在句首，首字母大写。表示“长途跋涉”用travel a long distance，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。表示“只是”用just。表示“在那家老字号餐馆用餐”用dine/eat at that time-honored restaurant，用不定式，作目的状语，其中time-honored表示“历史悠久的，老字号的”，作前置定语，修饰restaurant。故翻译为Is it worthwhile to travel a long distance just to dine/eat at that time-honored restaurant? 68. 城市树木是天然的空调，为城市降温并为人们提供荫凉。(serve) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】Urban trees serve as natural air conditioners, cooling the environment and providing shade for people. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，“城市树木”译为urban trees，作主语，此处使用动词短语serve as“用作，充当”作谓语，主语表示复数意义，谓语动词使用原形，“天然的空调”译为natural air conditioners，复数名词作宾语，“为城市降温”使用动词短语cool the environment，“为人们提供荫凉”使用动词短语provide shade for people，两个动词短语为并列关系，和逻辑主语urban trees之间均是主动关系，使用并列的现在分词作状语，故翻译为：Urban trees serve as natural air conditioners, cooling the environment and providing shade for people. 69. 传统工作模式不再能满足年轻人对自由的渴望，他们偏爱灵活就业倒也不足为奇。(it) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】Traditional work models can no longer satisfy young people’s desire for freedom, so it is no surprise that they prefer flexible jobs. 【解析】 【详解】考查it作形式主语、主语从句。句子在陈述现在的情况，用一般现在时，表示“传统工作模式”用traditional work models，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。“不再能满足”用can no longer satisfy，其中no longer表示“不再”。“年轻人对自由的渴望”用young people’s desire for freedom，desire for表示“对……的渴望”。“所以”用so，连接前后两个分句。“不足为奇”用it is no surprise that...，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。“他们偏爱灵活就业”用they prefer flexible jobs，prefer表示“偏爱”，从句不缺成分或含义，用that引导。故翻译为Traditional work models can no longer satisfy young people’s desire for freedom, so it is no surprise that they prefer flexible jobs. 70. 重庆是一座被群山环抱的大都市，在那里，山水、城市与森林和谐共生，并提供诸多独特的观光体验。(where) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】Chongqing is a mountainous metropolis where landscapes, urban life/the city and forests coexist in harmony, offering many unique sightseeing experiences. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、定语从句和非谓语动词。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。句子为主从复合句，“重庆是一座被群山环抱的大都市”为主句，主语“重庆”Chongqing，系动词用is，“一座被群山环抱的大都市”译为a mountainous metropolis；“在那里，山水、城市与森林和谐共生，并提供诸多独特的观光体验”可处理为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词metropolis，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，从句中主语“山水、城市与森林”可译为landscapes, urban life/the city and forests，“和谐共生”译为coexist in harmony，“并提供诸多独特的观光体验”可处理为非谓语动词形式，“提供”offer与逻辑主语Chongqing之间是主动关系，用现在分词offering作状语，“诸多独特的观光体验”译为many unique sightseeing experiences。故翻译为Chongqing is a mountainous metropolis where landscapes, urban life/the city and forests coexist in harmony, offering many unique sightseeing experiences. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$静安区2024学年第二学期教学质量检测高2英语one listening comprehension . section a directions in section a，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, i'd like to buy this laptop. What's the Price is . eight hundred dollars, but within extended warranty is nine hundred dollars. Accessories are in an extra fifty dollars. Question, how much will IT cost the woman to buy the laptop with an extended warranty? Ty and accessories. Two, the movie tickets are quite expensive this weekend. I guess i'll have to skip coffee for a few days. Question, what does the woman imply? Three, I had my first practice teaching session today, and IT was so rewarding. That's great. Hands on experience makes a big difference. Question, what does the woman think about her teaching experience? For the professor, just extended the deadline for our report. That's nice, but I still want to finish mine as planned. Question, what does the woman mean? Five, you should have asked for my opinion before making a decision. Sorry, I thought we were on the . same page question, what can we learn from the conversation? Six, i'm not sure if my research data is enough for the paper. you not the only one. Many students feel the same way. Question, what does the man mean? Seven, can I help you? I need sources for my economics research, but I can't find any useful articles. Question, what's the man's problem? Eight, I missed my stop. Now I have to wait for the next station. No worries. You can take the train back from there. Question, what does the woman suggest the man do? Nine, I have a big presentation tomorrow, but I haven't prepared at all. Then you'd Better start working on IT right away. Question, what does the man mean? Ten, mister Johnson used music to teach math, and the students loved IT. That's a creative way to make learning fun. Question, what are the speakers mainly talking about? Section b directions in section b, you will hear one short passage in one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passage in the longer conversation. The passage in the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Highway is launching its own self developed Operating system called harmony OS today. This move aims to cut down on depending on american tech companies to compete with google android. Highway gadgets have been cut off from updating google android Operating system since August following a series of U. S. Bans on the changing waste company. The ban also caused why waz access to the U. S. Company's package of smart phone software, known as google mobile services, use widely across the industry. Highway smart phone sales dropped a law after being the top seller worldwide for a short time last year, but the company hopes harmony O, S will help IT bounce back in chAllenge android market control. However, getting other companies to use harmony OS won't be simple. With an established network of software developers and billions of users familiar with IT, google android dominates the smartphone market. Currently, more than eight out of ten smartphone sold run android. Now listen again, please. 华为is launching its own self developed Operating system called harmony OS today。This move aims to cut down on depending on american tech companies and to compete with google android. 华为gadgets have been cut off from updating google android Operating system since August following a series of U。S. Bans on the shining based company. The ban also caused华with access to the U。S. Company's package of smart phone software known as google mobile services, used widely across the industry, while smart phone sales dropped a lot after being the top seller worldwide for a short time last year, but the company hopes how many OS will help IT bounce back and chAllenge enjoys market control. However, getting other companies to use harmony OS won't be simple, with an established network of software developers and billions of users familiar with IT, google android dominates the smart phone market. Currently, more than eight out of ten smart phones sold run android. Questions eleven, what is always primary purpose in developing harmony OS? Twelve, what was the direct impact of the U. S. Ban on华为？Thirteen, why don't more phone makers use harmony OS? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following conversation. There's nothing more refreshing than an ice cold bottle of water straight out of the vending machine. You cannot ask you though. Why didn't you just get a glass of water from the kitchen tap? That water is cool and refreshing to, and it's free. Well, I like this brand of bottled water Better. It's enriched with salts and minerals that are very beneficial to your health. enriched. Honestly, jack. actually, i'm not the only one who thinks so. For the first time in the U. K, bottled water is more popular than koa. Don't you think it's a good thing that people are choosing to buy bottled water at the supermarket rather than sugar y drinks? As I said to you earlier, why don't people just drink tap water? Recently, a campaign was launched by Green life against plastic pollution. Of course, bottled water causes a huge amount of that. but bottled water was safer to drink, then tap water. That's because bottled water companies have spent millions of pounds on advertisements scaring us off tap water. Some advertisers may have suggested, for example, that top water wasn't healthy. Well, still, bottled water tastes Better. You can buy many different brands of bottled water with a range of Price tags. At the top end, there's water from a four thousand year old norwegian iceberg. How much does that cost? Around eighty U. N. A. Battle. I doubt that a bottles of water was worth that much money. Do you know that top water is more regulated than bottled water? And in taste tests, where random people were asked to great water, according to which they like the best tap water, came up first most times. So the drinks companies manufactured the demand for bottled water. That's right. IT seems I spent money for nothing. Now listen again, please. There's nothing more refreshing than in an ice cold bottle of water straight out of the vending machine. You cannot ask you though, why didn't you just get a glass of water from the kitchen tap? That water is cool and refreshing to, and it's free. Well, I like this brand of bottled water Better. It's enrichment salts and minerals that are very beneficial to your health. enriched. Honestly, jack. actually, i'm not the only one who thinks so. For the first time in the U. K, bottled water is more popular than koa. Don't you think it's a good thing that people are choosing to buy bottled water at the supermarket rather than sugary drinks? As I SAT to you earlier, why don't people just drink tap water? Recently, a campaign was launched by Green life against plastic pollution. Of course, bottled water causes a huge amount of that. but bottled water was safer to drink then tap water. That's because bottled water companies have spent millions of pounds on advertisements scaring us off top water. Some advertisers may have suggested, for example, that top water wasn't healthy. Well still, bottled water tastes Better. You can buy many different brands of bottled water with a range of Price tags. At the top end, there's water from a four thousand euro north region in iceberg. How much does that cost? Around eighty years of bottle. I doubt that a bottles of water was worth that much money. Do you know that tap water is more regulated than bottled water? And in tae tests, where random people were asked to great water, according to which they like the best tap water, came up first most times. So the drinks companies manufactured the demand for bottled water. That's right. IT, seems I spent money for nothing. Questions fourteen, why does the man preferred to drink that particular brand of bottled water? Fifteen、what makes people think tap water is unsafe? sixteen. What is mainly talked about in this dialogue. 听力部分到此结束，请考生们继续答题。 静安区2024学年第二学期期末教学质量调研 高二英语试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分100分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。全卷共11页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 4. 答题纸涂号及答题与试卷题号一致。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. $800. B. $850. C. $900. D. $950. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She doesn’t like the movie. B. She prefers to spend money on coffee. C. She needs to cut down on coffee. D. She has already bought the tickets. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It was stressful but necessary. B. It was too short to be helpful. C. It was difficult to manage. D. It was valuable and enjoyable. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A She’s grateful for the extension. B. She’ll stick to the original deadline. C. She will delay her submission D. She is puzzled by the professor’s decision. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman thought the man shared her opinion. B. The woman asked the man for advice in advance. C. The woman deliberately ignored the man’s opinion. D. The woman felt sorry for the man. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Many students share the woman’s concern. B. The woman’s data is definitely insufficient. C. He will help the woman collect more data. D. The professor requires more data. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He doesn’t understand economics articles. B. He needs help with his research paper. C He is struggling to find research materials. D. He is behind schedule on his project. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Take the train to the terminal station. B. Wait for the train to complete its route. C. Call for help at the next station. D. Get off at the next stop and return by train. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The presentation should be postponed. B. The woman should begin preparing at once. C. The woman has enough time to prepare. D. The presentation is not very important. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The role of mathematics in music. B. Students’ interest in music classes. C. A teacher’s innovative teaching method. D. Problems with traditional teaching. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the longer conversation. The passage and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To replace Google Maps with its own app. B. To reduce reliance on American technology. C. To lower smartphone production costs. D. To compete with other Chinese operating systems. 12. A Loss of access to Google’s Android updates. B. Delays in launching new smartphone models. C. Increased dependence on Chinese software. D. A sharp increase in smartphone sales. 13. A. Because Harmony OS lacks technical innovation. B. Because Android already has most developers and users. C. Because Huawei refuses to share it with its competitors. D. Because Harmony OS requires special hardware modifications. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. For its better taste. B. For its health-beneficial minerals. C. For its longer expiration date. D. For its convenience in transportation. 15. A. Scientific studies on tap water pollution. B. Social media rumors about tap water additives. C. Bottled water companies’ advertising campaigns. D. News reports about aging water pipelines. 16. A. The health benefits of bottled water. B. The environmental impact of plastic bottles. C. The debate between bottled water and tap water. D. The marketing strategies of luxury water brands. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cats have the power to glow in the dark, scientists discover Cats always land on their feet and are seen as a symbol of good luck in some cultures. They enjoy nine lives. But now the cat folk story has received an extra boost as scientists have found they can even glow in the dark. The domestic cat is one of 125 species that ____17____ (find) to have fluorescent (荧光的) properties that make them glow under UV light. This ability has been noted in various animals, including humans, but it was never known ____18____ widespread it was. Scientists in Australia reviewed a museum’s collection of mammals to see how many glowed in the dark ____19____ a UV light was turned on. They found 125 species had the ability. The research found that all 27 orders(目)—the level above genus(属)—____20____ (have) members that possessed fluorescent properties. “Fluorescence was most common and most intense among night-active species, with more of their body ____21____ (be) more fluorescent,” the study authors said. “____22____ remains unclear whether fluorescence has any specific biological role for mammals. It appears to be a common property of colorless fur and skin. But it may function ____23____ (make) these areas appear brighter therefore enhancing visual signaling. This is especially true for night-active species.” There are various forms of fluorescence, but all involve the absorption of light and a low-level emission, ____24____ often resembles a glow. The role of this phenomenon in nature remains unknown but is likely to help animals of the same species communicate. People and rabbits were the first mammals ____25____ (show) to have fluorescent properties when an academic paper in 1911 found human hair could emit light in the UV range. Over the years, a few studies have identified specific individual species ____26____ fluorescent capabilities and provided unproven story-based evidence. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. advanced B. signs C. fantasy D. mysterious E. shave F. track G. feed H. link I. predictions J. updating K. risky When visiting a doctor a few years from now, you can expect to be accompanied by a virtual version of yourself. This so-called digital twin will be a working model of your body that can be called onto a physician’s computer screen. Updated with your latest vital ____27____, it will help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis. It also opens the door for medicines and procedures designed specifically for you, greatly increasing recovery rates. This might seem like ____28____ but the foundations are being laid. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London already use computer simulations (模拟) of the hearts of individual patients to evaluate different treatments for atrial fibrillation, a common disorder. It would be far too ____29____ to experiment this way on someone’s real heart. With other organs also being twinned by scientists, it seems likely they will eventually ____30____ up to form a virtual body. As our Science & Technology section reports, digital twins are starting to pop up everywhere. Among other things, they monitor the health of jet engines on airliners, keep ____31____ of Uber’s network of vehicles and copy Amazon’s extensive supply chain well enough for the online retailer to accurately forecast sales several years ahead. They are helping local authorities respond to the effects of flooding and letting carmakers ____32____ years off the development of new models by simulating test drives and crashes. Twins are also being developed to help manage factories, companies and entire cities. All this is being turbo-charged by recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), which gives digital twins the ability to make ____33____ about their physical equivalents, and fine-tune themselves on new data. Digital twins began as basic computer models of physical objects and systems. As computers have become more powerful, twins have become more ____34____. Complex design and modeling software means many physical objects take shape in the virtual world. Small sensors, capable of measuring all sorts of things, ____35____ twins with real-time data, ensuring that they mirror their physical equivalents. A Formula I racing car, for instance, may have more than 250 sensors ____36____ its digital twin during a grand race. The use of AI takes all this much further, allowing virtual models to become more sophisticated, and to both simulate and optimize activities in the real world. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Checking packages is unhealthy obsession There’s a child-like joy that comes with ordering something online — whether it be clothes or kitchen gadgets. We sit ____37____ the U.S. Postal Service or FedEx pages to see when our items will arrive, and we become overly excited, hopeful and anxious. But why? According to Owen O’Kane, a psychotherapist, even the smallest positive future events can ____38____ us when we’re feeling down. This is why people look forward to dinner reservations, hair appointments and yes, receiving packages. But it’s not the purchase itself that arouses this happiness. Experts say there’s something about the ____39____ of a package arriving that is exciting for those in need of change in their lives. When our package finally arrives, many of us are satisfied. But that initial excitement has probably ____40____ because our obsession with our parcel represents much more than the item we purchased. For some, the arrival of a package may represent “an imagined positive future, where you can control your needs for a book or blouse,” making life feel more ____41____ and less dull. Waiting for a parcel can also serve as a temporary ____42____ from the boredom, giving you something new to look forward to. “You’re distracting yourself from other feelings like anxiety, boredom. When you imagine a positive event in the future, you feel only joyful expectation. And tracking it down to the street of the delivery truck makes it even more ____43____” O’Kane says. Nevertheless, anticipation isn’t always a good thing. People became angry recently when the U. S. Postal Service announced its slower delivery. And now, many are worried about items arriving late, appearing broken, or simply not ____44____ expectations. This phenomenon is called pre-parcel anxiety and it’s more common than you would think. “We live in a society where we build expectations and ____45____ perfectionism. We want efficiency and ____46____ with patience,” O’Kane explains. A delayed package may seem ____47____ to some. But for others, feeling hopeful and then being let down is angering and anxiety-provoking. “We feel tricked, sometimes on a personal level. We all want fair transactions, and when we ____48____ and the other party drops the ball, anger is often the result,” O’Kane says, comparing it to “broken, ignored or forgotten” promises. ____49____, O’Kane says these reactions are telling about more deep-rooted issues beyond a delayed package. “Anxiety is ____50____ to uncertainty, and many struggle with not having control. So it’s really ____51____ of something bigger, of the need to control everything and to be perfect.” 37. A. winding B. switching C. refreshing D. registering 38. A. fascinate B. motivate C. innovate D. cultivate 39. A. accommodation B. companion C. transportation D. anticipation 40. A. faded B. surged C. remained D. expanded 41. A. advisable B. manageable C. knowledgeable D. considerable 42. A. voyage B. liberty C. resistance D. distraction 43. A. cultural B. real C. pale D. fictional 44. A. catching up with B. giving rise to C. putting up with D. living up to 45. A. embrace B. reject C. sacrifice D. spot 46. A. interact B. struggle C. identify D. charge 47. A. insignificant B. invaluable C. indifferent D. inevitable 48. A. live in harmony B. do our part C. pave the way D. cheer up 49. A. However B. Generally C. Instead D. Fortunately 50. A. attachment B. dominance C. intolerance D. discrimination 51. A. critical B. suspicious C. fond D. symbolic Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) After a few hours the road began to be rough, and the walking grew so difficult that the Scarecrow often fell over the yellow bricks, which were here very uneven. Sometimes, indeed, they were broken or missing altogether, leaving holes that Dorothy walked around. As for the Scarecrow, having no brains, he walked straight ahead, and so stepped into the holes and fell at full length on the hard bricks. It never hurt him, however, and Dorothy would pick him up and set him upon his feet again, while he joined her in laughing merrily at his own disaster. The farms were not nearly so well cared for here as they were farther back. There were fewer houses and fewer fruit trees, and the farther they went, the more disappointing and lonesome the country became. At noon they sat down by the roadside, near a little brook, and Dorothy opened her basket and got out some bread. She offered a piece to the Scarecrow, but he refused. “I am never hungry,” he said, “and it is a lucky thing I am not, for my mouth is only painted, and if I should cut a hole in it so I could eat, the straw I am stuffed with would come out, and that would spoil the shape of my head.” Dorothy saw at once that this was true, so she only nodded and went on eating her bread. “Tell me something about yourself and the country you came from,” said the Scarecrow, when Dorothy had finished her dinner. So she told him all about Kansas, and how gray everything was there, and how the tornado had carried her to this strange Land of Oz. The Scarecrow listened carefully, and said, “I cannot understand why you should wish to leave this beautiful country and go back to the dry, gray place you call Kansas.” “That is because you have no brains” answered the girl. “No matter how dull and gray our homes are, we people of flesh and blood would rather live there than in any other country, be it ever so beautiful. There is no place like home.” 52. The Scarecrow often fell while walking on the road because ________. A. he was too tired and hungry to walk steadily B. he lacked the brains to avoid the holes C. the road was narrow and slippery D. he was distracted by talking too much with Dorothy 53. What does Dorothy mean when she says, “There is no place like home”? A. She believes Kansas is the most beautiful place. B. She values home for its emotional significance. C She prefers the simplicity and stability of her old life. D. She misses her family and friends in Kansas. 54. Which of the following best describes the Scarecrow’s personality? A. Cheerful and eager to learn. B. Innocent and self-doubting. C. Humble but not practical. D. Observant but emotionally distant. (B) A new book by British photographer Jimmy Nelson tells the story of traditional Dutch communities through striking portraits featuring national costume and dramatic landscapes including the following places. Marken, Noord-Holland Marken, a former island just 20 km north-east of Amsterdam, was once separated from the mainland by water and has been connected since 1957. This historical isolation and its coastal location have significantly influenced its culture and traditions. The peninsula has more than 30 different traditional costumes — all handmade — including five stages of mourning dress, from darkest black through to purple. “The clothing of Marken is very subtle,” Nelson said. “For every festival and important life moment, they have a different style.” Zeeland Zeeland has barely changed in the last 100 years. Everything which makes the province what it is today, has to do with water. The sea is part of residents’ life and every day it is different. When the wind is from the southwest, the dunes (沙丘) cast dust over the village and the sand lies in the streets and in their gardens — a bit like snow. Sometimes the salty air from the sea, it’s on their windows and people can’t see outside because there’s a thick layer of salt on the glass. Friesland For this province of ice-skating fanatics, the colder the better. As the ice thickens, excitement mounts at the prospect of the legendary Elfstedentocht, a 200km ice skating race through 11 Frisian towns. Cold is the distinct feature of Friesland. There are numerous words for ice, explained Anke Bijlsma, whose northeast Friesland farm was photographed by Nelson. “There’s rough ice, dark ice — that’s the most beautiful one — snow ice, bubble ice…” The region’s extraordinary star-filled skies make it equally impressive at night. “There’s not a lot of light pollution and it’s amazingly dark,” said Bijlsma, who regularly takes a moment to absorb the incredible views. “When you see the horizon on the sea, every little or big problem in your head blows away. You can stare into nothing: only sea and sky.” 55. What is unique about the traditional costumes in Marken? A. They are all made of silk and come in bright colors. B. They are bold or attention-grabbing in their design. C They are all made of wool and represent different seasons. D. They are carefully designed for different life events. 56. What is the main feature of Friesland, according to the passage? A. It is a hot and sunny region, perfect for outdoor activities. B. The cold and ice play a major role in its ice-skating culture. C. It is known for its incredible views of amazing light. D. People there always feel lost due to sea and sky. 57. Which of the following is true about all three places mentioned in the passage? A. They all have unique traditional clothing styles tied to important life events. B. They are known for their warm and sunny climates year-round. C. They are all greatly influenced by their relationship with the sea. D. They each have a large population of ice-skating enthusiasts. (C) On 21 December 1872, HMS Challenger set off from England on the first global scientific survey of the seas. The four-year, 130,000-kilometre voyage revealed the ocean’s vast scale and its living inhabitants. Now, 150 years later, the Challenger expedition remains a milestone in oceanography (海洋学). Scientists still use its enormous collections to study how the ocean is changing. While much has changed since the Challenger era — from piano wire to sound beams for seabed mapping—some outdated ideas still persist and they urgently need to be left behind. Back then, science was driven not just by curiosity but also by an imperialistic desire to find and secure access to resources. This mindset of exploration going hand in hand with exploitation persists today. We know far more now than we did 150 years ago about the critical role the ocean plays as a support system for all life on Earth. It regulates the climate, generates oxygen, absorbs carbon and contains masses of biodiversity. Meanwhile, industries are seeking to extract more than ever from the ocean, from seabed minerals to the fish that inhabit deep waters. Working closely with scientists not only shows industrialists what is there to exploit, and where, but it can also help justify their activities. With the ocean facing so many threats, this is a critical time for marine science to move beyond the old narrative of exploitation. In its place, we need a new model for seeking to better understand the ocean, to properly protect it and to find fair, right and truly sustainable ways to use the vast blue parts of our planet. Unlike the exploitative mindset of the past, this new model prioritizes understanding and protection over resource extraction. This global scientific cooperative isn’t a single expedition, but combines the efforts of scientists worldwide on numerous research trips over the current decade. A major aim is to go to places scientists haven’t been before, and to use that knowledge to better appreciate how all of society benefits from the ocean. Earth has one ocean, and we all depend on it—not just those who will gain the most commercially. 58. Why is the Challenger expedition mentioned in the passage? A. To compare with deep-sea exploration tools. B. To point out its imperialistic goals. C. To highlight its lasting impact on marine science. D. To criticize its outdated exploration methods. 59. According to the passage, what is a major concern in today’s ocean development? A. The persistence of exploitative mindsets. B. The decline in global scientific cooperation. C. The lack of advanced technology for seabed mapping. D. The overemphasis on protecting biodiversity. 60. What does the underlined phrase “an imperialistic desire” (in paragraph 3) most likely refer to? A. A scientific curiosity about unknown marine life. B. A political strategy to claim oceanic territories. C. A cultural preference for European-led research. D. A drive to discover and control resources for power. 61. What can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6 of the passage? A. There is a continued reliance on traditional approaches to ocean exploration. B. Ocean research in the future should prioritize conservation and sustainable use. C. Scientists are increasingly supporting the industrial exploitation of ocean resources. D. Resource extraction is justified if it leads to advancements in scientific knowledge. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Innovations in Food Production: Cultivated Meat Innovators in the United States and around the world will soon bring to market new and transformative products that have the ability to reshape animal agriculture as we know it. Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. ____62____ We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. The cell culturing process — similar to those used in making beer and cheese — can replace factory farms and eliminate the need to slaughter animals. Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. ____63____ They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. These lagoons are entirely absent from cultivated meat production. Absent too would be the bad smells and other harmful air pollutants local communities have to endure thanks to factory farms. And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. ____64____ Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. ____65____ And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! As interest in healthier and more sustainable options to slaughtered meat increases, cultivated meat can step in to help meet this booming demand. A. In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. B. Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals. C. Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. D. While cultivated meat avoids slaughter, some worry about its sensory qualities. E. We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. F. Some worry that scaling up production may require significant energy, reducing its environmental edge. IV. Summary Writing 66. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Hidden Cost of Digital Distractions The researchers carried out a study in which people were asked to read a short passage, and then answer questions that tested their understanding of what they had read. Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. In short, you shouldn’t be surprised digital distractions kill your productivity. Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. For example, you might be working on an important presentation, only to be distracted by several e-mail notifications. You then have a choice — do you stop and answer these messages, or do you carry on with your presentation and hope that the sender doesn’t expect an immediate response? Either way, the notification has interrupted your flow and thrown you off course. Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. It can feel as though everyone wants a piece of your time, and that you will never get around to finishing anything. If you are a typical worker, you’ll be distracted every 11 minutes, and it will take you 25 minutes to actually settle down again to your task. The more complicated your project, the longer it takes to regain your focus, because your brain has to put in considerable effort when switching between complex objectives. To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. By managing digital interruptions intentionally, individuals can ensure their devices support their goals instead of getting in the way. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 67. 长途跋涉就为在那家老字号餐馆用餐，值得吗？(worthwhile) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 68. 城市树木是天然的空调，为城市降温并为人们提供荫凉。(serve) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 69. 传统工作模式不再能满足年轻人对自由的渴望，他们偏爱灵活就业倒也不足为奇。(it) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 70. 重庆是一座被群山环抱的大都市，在那里，山水、城市与森林和谐共生，并提供诸多独特的观光体验。(where) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$