专题 S302 非谓语动词的用法-【弯道超车-备战毕业班】2025年 高中英语新高三 暑假自学培优提升学案（全国通用）

新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S302 非谓语动词的用法 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 考点一：非谓动词总览 （一）核心定义与分类 非谓语动词是指在句中不作谓语但仍具有动词性质的动词形式，不受主语人称和数的限制。主要分为四类： 1. 动词不定式（to do）：表目的、具体动作； 2. 动名词（doing）：表抽象、习惯性动作； 3. 现在分词（doing）：表主动、进行； 4. 过去分词（done）：表被动、完成。 （二）时态与语态结构表 类型 主动语态 被动语态 典型时间特征 不定式 to do to be done 动作发生在谓语后 不定式完成式 to have done to have been done 动作先于谓语发生 动名词 doing being done 与谓语同时发生 现在分词 doing being done 与谓语同时发生 现在分词完成式 having done having been done 动作先于谓语发生 过去分词 - done 动作被动或完成 考点二：动词不定式 （一）句法功能详解 1. 作主语 结构：It + be + 形容词 / 名词 + to do（it 作形式主语） 例：It is crucial to review the key points before the final exam.（期末考试前复习重点很关键。） 2. 作宾语 固定搭配：want to do, hope to do, decide to do 例：She intends to apply for a scholarship at a top university.（她打算申请一所顶尖大学的奖学金。） 3. 作定语 位置：修饰名词时后置 例：I have an important meeting to attend in the city center.（我在市中心有个重要会议要参加。） 4. 作状语 表目的（可转化为 in order to/so as to） 例：He got up two hours early to catch the first train to Beijing.（他早起两小时赶去北京的首班车。） 5. 作补语 结构：动词 + 宾语 + to do（如 ask sb. to do） 例：The professor advised us to start the research project immediately.（教授建议我们立即启动研究项目。） （三）对点练习 1. It is essential ________________ (develop) good study habits from an early age. 2. She failed ________________ (pass) the challenging driving test for the third time. 3. The first task ________________ (complete) is to design the cover of the annual report. 4. He traveled across the country ________________ (collect) data for his research project. 5. The teacher made the noisy students ________________ (rewrite) the composition carefully. 6. I wonder when ________________ (start) the new project that was discussed yesterday. 7. They agreed ________________ (meet) at the café near the university campus. 8. The urgent task is ________________ (complete) by the end of this working day. 9. He was the last student ________________ (leave) the classroom after the evening self-study. 10. She asked me ________________ (not disturb) her while she was preparing for the exam. 考点三：动名词 （一）句法功能详解 1. 作主语 例：Reading classic literature regularly improves language proficiency.（定期阅读经典文学提高语言能力。） 固定句型：It's no use/good doing（做…… 无用） 2. 作宾语 只接动名词的动词（记忆口诀）： avoid, miss, enjoy, practice, suggest 等 例：He enjoys playing the piano in his spare time every day.（他每天空闲时喜欢弹钢琴。） 3. 作表语 例：Her main job is organizing academic conferences for the university.（她的主要工作是为大学组织学术会议。） 4. 作定语 例：a swimming pool（游泳池，表用途） （三）对点练习 1. ________________ (swim) in the school pool is her favorite activity during summer vacation. 2. He suggested ________________ (go) to the newly opened restaurant for dinner tonight. 3. It's no use ________________ (complain) about the heavy workload without taking action. 4. She is extremely good at ________________ (play) the violin in the school orchestra. 5. I clearly remember ________________ (turn) off all the lights before leaving the house. 6. The newly published book is well worth ________________ (read) for its unique perspective. 7. He finally admitted ________________ (steal) the valuable necklace from the exhibition. 8. She insists on ________________ (learn) a new foreign language every two years. 9. Do you mind ________________ (open) the window to let some fresh air into the room? 10. I deeply regret ________________ (tell) him the secret that was supposed to be confidential. 考点四：现在分词 （一）句法功能详解 1. 作定语 表主动或进行： o 例：a sleeping baby in the crib（婴儿床里正在睡觉的婴儿） o a running dog chasing a cat（追逐猫咪的奔跑的狗） 2. 作表语 表主语特征（多为情感类形容词）： o 例：The documentary film about wildlife is very inspiring.（这部关于野生动物的纪录片很鼓舞人心。） 3. 作状语 表时间、原因、伴随等，逻辑主语需与主句一致： o 例：Walking along the beach, she found a rare seashell by accident.（在海滩散步时，她偶然发现一枚罕见的贝壳。） 4. 作补语 结构：see/hear/watch sb. doing（强调动作进行） o 例：I saw her dancing gracefully at the school party.（我看见她在学校聚会上优雅地跳舞。） （三）对点练习 1. The ________________ (sleep) child in the backseat is my younger brother. 2. The result of the science experiment is ________________ (surprise) to all the researchers. 3. ________________ (walk) in the heavy rain, he arrived at the station completely wet. 4. I heard her ________________ (sing) a beautiful song in the music room. 5. The issue ________________ (discuss) now at the meeting involves important policy changes. 6. ________________ (not know) the exact address, he had to ask for directions repeatedly. 7. The movie ________________ (show) at the local theater is based on a true story. 8. She sat by the window ________________ (read) a novel borrowed from the library. 9. ________________ (have) finished all the assignments, they went to the park for a picnic. 10. The boy ________________ (play) football on the playground is the captain of the school team. 考点五：过去分词 （一）句法功能详解 1. 作定语 表被动或完成： o 例：a broken window caused by the storm（暴风雨打碎的窗户） o a written report submitted yesterday（昨天提交的书面报告） 2. 作表语 表主语状态（多为情感类形容词）： o 例：All the students were excited about the upcoming field trip.（所有学生都对即将到来的实地考察感到兴奋。） 3. 作状语 表被动或完成，逻辑主语与主句一致： o 例：Given proper training, the dog can perform complex tasks.（若接受适当训练，这只狗能执行复杂任务。） 4. 作补语 结构：have/get sth. done（使…… 被做） o 例：She had her hair styled at the new salon downtown.（她在市中心的新沙龙做了发型。） （三）对点练习 1. The ________________ (break) vase on the shelf was a gift from her grandmother. 2. He was deeply ________________ (surprise) at the unexpected news from his hometown. 3. ________________ (give) enough time and resources, the team can complete the project on schedule. 4. She had her laptop ________________ (repair) at the service center last week. 5. The novel ________________ (write) by the famous author sold millions of copies worldwide. 6. ________________ (inspire) by the speech, the students decided to volunteer for the charity event. 7. The car ________________ (damage) in the accident was taken to the garage for repairs. 8. He felt extremely ________________ (disappoint) with his performance in the important exam. 9. ________________ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks like a beautiful painting. 10. She found her wallet ________________ (steal) when she arrived at the bus station. 一、不定式的省略与保留陷阱 难点核心 1. 使役 / 感官动词的 to 省略规则： o let/make/see/watch 等词后接宾补时省略 to，但变为被动语态时 to 需还原。 o 例：× He was made do the work. √ He was made to do the work.（被动需加 to） 2. 特殊动词的 to 保留： o 介词 but/except 前有实义动词 do 时，后接不带 to 的不定式；反之需带 to。 o 例：I have nothing to do but wait.（有 do，wait 前无 to） I have no choice but to wait.（无 do，to 不可省） 3. 疑问词 + 不定式的结构混淆： o 需注意语序为 “疑问词 + to do”，而非疑问句语序。 o 例：× I don’t know how to do. √ I don’t know how to do it.（需加宾语） 二、动名词的固定搭配盲区 难点核心 1. 只接动名词的动词误加 to： o 如 avoid/enjoy/practice 等后接动名词，不可接不定式。 o 例：× He practices to play the piano. √ He practices playing the piano. 2. 介词 + 动名词的隐蔽考点： o 固定短语如 be used to（习惯于）/look forward to 中的 to 为介词，需接动名词。 o 例：× I am used to get up early. √ I am used to getting up early. 3. forget/remember 的时态混淆： o forget to do（未做）vs. forget doing（已做），需结合语境判断时间先后。 o 例：I forgot locking the door.（已锁门但忘记） I forgot to lock the door.（未锁门且忘记） 三、分词的主被动逻辑错误 难点核心 1. 现在分词与过去分词的逻辑主语判断： o 现在分词表主动（doing），过去分词表被动（done），需与主句主语一致。 o 例：× Looking out of the window, the building was seen. √ Looking out of the window, I saw the building.（主动者应为 “人”） 2. 独立主格结构的主语缺失： o 分词作状语时若逻辑主语与主句不同，需用独立主格（名词 + 分词）。 o 例：× Waiting for the bus, it began to rain. √ Waiting for the bus, I felt it begin to rain.（或独立主格：The bus not coming, I felt...） 3. 完成分词的时间顺序错误： o having done 需先于谓语动作发生，不可随意使用。 o 例：× Having arrived, he waves to us. √ Having arrived, he waved to us.（先到达后挥手） 四、非谓语动词的时态语态交叉难点 难点核心 1. 被动不定式的时态混淆： o to be done（将来被动）vs. to have been done（过去被动），需看动作时间。 o 例：The task to be done tomorrow is important.（明天做，to be done） The task to have been done yesterday was delayed.（昨天应完成，to have been done） 2. 动名词被动式的遗漏： o 当动名词逻辑主语为动作承受者时需用被动式（being done）。 o 例：× He dislikes being laughed. √ He dislikes being laughed at.（被动需完整） 3. 分词被动式的冗余错误： o 过去分词本身表被动，不可再加 being。 o 例：× The broken window is being repaired. √ The broken window is repaired.（broken 已表被动） 五、非谓语动词作定语的位置陷阱 难点核心 1. 不定式作定语的动宾关系： o 不定式修饰名词时若为不及物动词，需加适当介词。 o 例：× I need a pen to write. √ I need a pen to write with.（write 需接 with） 2. 分词作定语的时间混淆： o 现在分词表进行（doing），过去分词表完成（done），需注意时间对应。 o 例：× The building built now is a library. √ The building being built now is a library.（现在在建，being built） 3. 动名词与现在分词作定语的区别： o 动名词表用途（a swimming pool），现在分词表动作（a swimming boy）。 o 例：× a sleeping bag（用途，正确） vs. × a sleeping boy（动作，正确），需根据语境区分。 真题速递 1. [2025 年新高考 I 卷] We hope 58._________________(present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalism art, conceptual art and expressionism. 2. [2024 年甲卷] Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41._________________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 3. [2024 年全国 I 卷] These sepals open on warm days 58._______________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 4. [2024 年全国 II 卷] Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 43._________________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 5. [2024 年北京卷] Taking the time 11._________________ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 6. [2024 年浙江卷 1 月] However, if you’re shopping for one, 1. __________ (buy) extra benefits from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 7. [2024 年全国 II 卷] Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 40.____________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, 41.____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 8. [2024 年北京卷] And when 16._________________ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 9. [2024 年浙江卷 1 月] Over the last two years, some supermarkets 7 ______(start) selling chicken or salad in packs 8 ________________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 10. [2023 年新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷] So I am always left 10._________________ (want) more next time. 11. [2023 年新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷] They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 ________________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 12. [2023 年全国甲卷] And the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the sixth century B.C. Her fable begins, 5.______ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 13. [2022 年全国甲卷] He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10._________________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 14. [2022 年全国乙卷] The event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 9________________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·浙江·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Trends come and go as time flies. You may know what’s trendy now, but what about the 1 (fashion) costumes or makeup of the ancient times? You may get some clues from the videos produced by Zhu Ruoxuan, who 2 (name) one of the top 100 content creators in January by Bilibili, 3 leading video-sharing platform in China. 4 (Bear) in 1998, Zhu began sharing her life through videos on Bilibili in 2019, initially focusing on videos that showed popular makeup from the ancient China to modern times. It wasn’t until 2021 5 she gained widespread recognition thanks to a video depicting the evolution of the ordinary Chinese women’s 6 (appear) and mindset from the 1920s to the 2020s. In the video, she imitated the facial expressions of women from different time periods, capturing their uncertainty in the 1920s, their helplessness 7 (arise) from the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931–45), and their confidence 8 female workers in the 1950s after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Despite a lack of formal acting training, Zhu studied women in old photos and movies 9 (imitate) their expressions, striving for accuracy. Over time, Zhu’s videos has shifted to an even 10 (great) focus on women, exploring other changes in women’s images from the past to the present. “I think it’s a necessary growth both for myself and my creation,” she said. Passage 2 （2025·湖北武汉·三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese robotics start-up shares a film of its production facility on its official website, which reportedly 1 (produce) at least 962 humanoid robots so far. In 2 4: 02-minute video, it showcases various stages of the robotic production line at its Lingang Fengxian factory in Shanghai, 3 features self-made humanoid robots working alongside human workers. Moreover, the company has established 4 it calls a “data collection factory” for real-world data gathering, including training scenarios such as folding clothes, organizing, cleaning and doing the laundry. Industry observer Hong Shaodun notes that humanoid robots have evolved from laboratory prototypes to substaintial products, 5 this year’s robots entering a phase of increased intelligence and versatility (多功能). 6 (compare) with other global competitors, China 7 (position) better to achieve higher output of humanoid robots at lower costs. Meanwhile, Chinese companies excel 8 (particular) in motion control and the exploration of advanced AI models. Hong also mentions the focus for next year in this industry will be on expanding practical applications in specific scenarios. However, the industry insider points out that achieving rapid breakthroughs in a short time remains quite 9 (demand) due to technical hurdles, such as 10 (efficient) and stability issues that need to be addressed. Passage 3 （2025·河南信阳·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Li Shaoyu, 55, and her husband Wang Guangrong, 54, are key figures in efforts 1 (preserve) Pengshui Miao embroidery (彭水苗绣) and enhance the well-being of local folks Fifteen years ago, the couple 2 (plan) crafting traditional Miao clothing based in an embroidery workshop, then expanded to build a company in 2015, with an annual output value of approximately 6 million yuan. Since Li’ became a representative inheritor (继承人) of Pengshui Miao embroidery in 2016, the couple have devoted themselves to preserving these handicrafts (手工艺品). Through their company, 3 serves as a cornerstone for training programs, projects 4 (carry) out in nearly 30 townships across Pengshui. These efforts have made 5 (notice) impacts on the lives of over 3,000 local residents,including more than 100 stay-athome women,individuals with disabilities,and over 800 people with limited incomes. Each week,Li teaches complimentary classes at local schools and the youth activity center, aiming to pass down 6 she has learned. Traditional Miao embroidery is 7 (public) acknowledged to decorate the collars, lapels sleeves, handkerchief edges and skirt hems of clothing. It can also be used to make items such as shoulder bags and wallets. While 8 (keep) Miao embroidery’s tradition. Li also developed a series of cultural and creative 9 (product), such as hairpins, earrings, scarves and insoles. “I want to introduce Miao embroidery culture 10 a wider audience.” Li said. Passage 4 （2025·福建福州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the April sun bathes Yunnan province in golden light, the Dai ethnic inhabitants have turned their homeland into a joyous playground for the annual water splashing festival, 1 poshuijie, attracting visitors from China and abroad. The water splashing festival is one of the most important events for the Dai people, who mark the event as New Year and organize activities 2 splashing water, releasing Kongming lanterns into the sky, and dragon boat races. It   3 (list) as State-level intangible cultural heritage in 2006. The festival symbolizes washing away the past year’s 4 (misfortune) and welcoming new beginnings through purification. In Xishuangbanna, the celebrations kicked off on Saturday in 5 spectacular blend of tradition and modernity. In a square in Jinghong, a city in Xishuangbanna on Tuesday, thousands of people 6 (arm) with water guns, buckets and bamboo basins wet each other amid roars of laughter, as the more water people splash on you, the 7 (lucky) your life will be. This year, Xishuangbanna has introduced helicopter rides for aerial views of the water battles, and invited internet influencers 8 (share) their experiences, through 9 more people can experience the joy of water. “It’s where tradition dances with today, and everyone from different ethnic groups and nationalities, 10 (become) family,” Chen Xuanliang, head of Xishuangbanna’s publicity department, says. As the festivities continue into early May in the province, the echoes of laughter will attract more and more visitors. Passage 5 （2025·河北邯郸·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, China has expanded visa-free (免签) access s to travelers from 38 countries, fueling a global tourism boost. This policy, introduced in December 2023, initially targeted six European nations and Malaysia, later 1 (extend) to more regions. By simplifying entry procedures, China aims to promote cultural exchange and economic growth. The policy’s impact became 2 (evidence) during the 2024 Spring Festival, when China welcomed over 3.43 million international visitors. Many travelers shared their experiences online, making “China Travel” 3 trending topic with billions of views. Tourists explored not only symbolic landmarks like the Great Wall 4 lesser-known cities, immersing (使沉浸于) themselves in local traditions and cuisine. Eva Gajewska, a Polish travel agent, noted 5 impressed her was that bookings for China tours increased after Poland was added to the visa-free list. 6 (economic), the policy has awoken industries such as service and retail (零售) industries. Mobile payment systems, upgraded for foreign tourists, saw a dramatic rise in deals. Professor Chen Nan emphasized that tourism drives innovation in services and 7 (improve) in foundation building. For example, attractions like the Silk Route Garden integrate modern engineering 8 historical themes, showcasing China’s integration of tradition and technology. Culturally, the policy 9 (strengthen) global understanding so far. Visitors often express admiration for China’s landscapes and hospitality. As Li Jun, a trade researcher, stated, “Openness bridges differences and creates 10 (share) opportunities”. 14 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S302 非谓语动词的用法 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 考点一：非谓动词总览 （一）核心定义与分类 非谓语动词是指在句中不作谓语但仍具有动词性质的动词形式，不受主语人称和数的限制。主要分为四类： 1. 动词不定式（to do）：表目的、具体动作； 2. 动名词（doing）：表抽象、习惯性动作； 3. 现在分词（doing）：表主动、进行； 4. 过去分词（done）：表被动、完成。 （二）时态与语态结构表 类型 主动语态 被动语态 典型时间特征 不定式 to do to be done 动作发生在谓语后 不定式完成式 to have done to have been done 动作先于谓语发生 动名词 doing being done 与谓语同时发生 现在分词 doing being done 与谓语同时发生 现在分词完成式 having done having been done 动作先于谓语发生 过去分词 - done 动作被动或完成 考点二：动词不定式 （一）句法功能详解 1. 作主语 结构：It + be + 形容词 / 名词 + to do（it 作形式主语） 例：It is crucial to review the key points before the final exam.（期末考试前复习重点很关键。） 2. 作宾语 固定搭配：want to do, hope to do, decide to do 例：She intends to apply for a scholarship at a top university.（她打算申请一所顶尖大学的奖学金。） 3. 作定语 位置：修饰名词时后置 例：I have an important meeting to attend in the city center.（我在市中心有个重要会议要参加。） 4. 作状语 表目的（可转化为 in order to/so as to） 例：He got up two hours early to catch the first train to Beijing.（他早起两小时赶去北京的首班车。） 5. 作补语 结构：动词 + 宾语 + to do（如 ask sb. to do） 例：The professor advised us to start the research project immediately.（教授建议我们立即启动研究项目。） （三）对点练习 1. It is essential ________________ (develop) good study habits from an early age. 答案：to develop 解析：句意：从小养成良好的学习习惯至关重要。It 作形式主语，不定式 to develop 作真正主语，表具体动作。 2. She failed ________________ (pass) the challenging driving test for the third time. 答案：to pass 解析：句意：她第三次未能通过极具挑战性的驾照考试。fail to do sth. 为固定搭配，表 “未能做某事”。 3. The first task ________________ (complete) is to design the cover of the annual report. 答案：to complete 解析：句意：要完成的第一项任务是设计年度报告的封面。序数词后用不定式作定语，表 “将要完成”。 4. He traveled across the country ________________ (collect) data for his research project. 答案：to collect 解析：句意：他穿越全国为研究项目收集数据。不定式表目的，说明旅行的意图。 5. The teacher made the noisy students ________________ (rewrite) the composition carefully. 答案：rewrite 解析：句意：老师让吵闹的学生仔细重写作文。make 后宾补省略 to，用动词原形 rewrite。 6. I wonder when ________________ (start) the new project that was discussed yesterday. 答案：to start 解析：句意：我想知道何时启动昨天讨论的新项目。疑问词 + 不定式作宾语，表 “何时开始”。 7. They agreed ________________ (meet) at the café near the university campus. 答案：to meet 解析：句意：他们同意在大学校园附近的咖啡馆见面。agree to do sth. 为固定搭配，表 “同意做某事”。 8. The urgent task is ________________ (complete) by the end of this working day. 答案：to be completed 解析：句意：紧急任务需在本工作日结束前完成。不定式被动式 to be completed 表 “被完成”，强调动作的承受者。 9. He was the last student ________________ (leave) the classroom after the evening self-study. 答案：to leave 解析：句意：他是晚自习后最后一个离开教室的学生。序数词后用不定式作定语，表 “最后一个离开”。 10. She asked me ________________ (not disturb) her while she was preparing for the exam. 答案：not to disturb 解析：句意：她让我在她备考时不要打扰她。ask sb. not to do 为固定结构，否定式在 to 前加 not。 考点三：动名词 （一）句法功能详解 1. 作主语 例：Reading classic literature regularly improves language proficiency.（定期阅读经典文学提高语言能力。） 固定句型：It's no use/good doing（做…… 无用） 2. 作宾语 只接动名词的动词（记忆口诀）： avoid, miss, enjoy, practice, suggest 等 例：He enjoys playing the piano in his spare time every day.（他每天空闲时喜欢弹钢琴。） 3. 作表语 例：Her main job is organizing academic conferences for the university.（她的主要工作是为大学组织学术会议。） 4. 作定语 例：a swimming pool（游泳池，表用途） （三）对点练习 1. ________________ (swim) in the school pool is her favorite activity during summer vacation. 答案：Swimming 解析：句意：暑假期间在学校泳池游泳是她最喜欢的活动。动名词作主语，表习惯性动作。 2. He suggested ________________ (go) to the newly opened restaurant for dinner tonight. 答案：going 解析：句意：他建议今晚去那家新开的餐厅吃晚餐。suggest 后接动名词，表 “建议做某事”。 3. It's no use ________________ (complain) about the heavy workload without taking action. 答案：complaining 解析：句意：光抱怨工作量大而不采取行动是没用的。It's no use doing 为固定句型，表 “做…… 无用”。 4. She is extremely good at ________________ (play) the violin in the school orchestra. 答案：playing 解析：句意：她在学校管弦乐队中非常擅长拉小提琴。介词 at 后接动名词，表 “擅长做某事”。 5. I clearly remember ________________ (turn) off all the lights before leaving the house. 答案：turning 解析：句意：我清楚记得离开家前关掉了所有灯。remember doing 表 “记得已做某事”，动作已完成。 6. The newly published book is well worth ________________ (read) for its unique perspective. 答案：reading 解析：句意：这本新出版的书因其独特视角很值得一读。be worth doing 为固定搭配，表 “值得做”。 7. He finally admitted ________________ (steal) the valuable necklace from the exhibition. 答案：stealing 解析：句意：他最终承认从展览中偷了那条珍贵的项链。admit 后接动名词，表 “承认做过某事”。 8. She insists on ________________ (learn) a new foreign language every two years. 答案：learning 解析：句意：她坚持每两年学一门新外语。介词 on 后接动名词，insist on doing 表 “坚持做某事”。 9. Do you mind ________________ (open) the window to let some fresh air into the room? 答案：opening 解析：句意：你介意打开窗户让新鲜空气进入房间吗？mind 后接动名词，表 “介意做某事”。 10. I deeply regret ________________ (tell) him the secret that was supposed to be confidential. 答案：telling 解析：句意：我深感后悔告诉了他那个本应保密的秘密。regret doing 表 “后悔已做某事”，动作已发生。 考点四：现在分词 （一）句法功能详解 1. 作定语 表主动或进行： o 例：a sleeping baby in the crib（婴儿床里正在睡觉的婴儿） o a running dog chasing a cat（追逐猫咪的奔跑的狗） 2. 作表语 表主语特征（多为情感类形容词）： o 例：The documentary film about wildlife is very inspiring.（这部关于野生动物的纪录片很鼓舞人心。） 3. 作状语 表时间、原因、伴随等，逻辑主语需与主句一致： o 例：Walking along the beach, she found a rare seashell by accident.（在海滩散步时，她偶然发现一枚罕见的贝壳。） 4. 作补语 结构：see/hear/watch sb. doing（强调动作进行） o 例：I saw her dancing gracefully at the school party.（我看见她在学校聚会上优雅地跳舞。） （三）对点练习 1. The ________________ (sleep) child in the backseat is my younger brother. 答案：sleeping 解析：句意：后座上睡觉的小孩是我弟弟。现在分词作定语，表 “正在睡觉的”，强调动作进行。 2. The result of the science experiment is ________________ (surprise) to all the researchers. 答案：surprising 解析：句意：科学实验的结果让所有研究人员感到惊讶。现在分词作表语，表主语 “结果” 的特征。 3. ________________ (walk) in the heavy rain, he arrived at the station completely wet. 答案：Walking 解析：句意：在大雨中行走，他到达车站时全身湿透。现在分词作时间状语，表主动进行的动作。 4. I heard her ________________ (sing) a beautiful song in the music room. 答案：singing 解析：句意：我听见她在音乐室里唱一首优美的歌。现在分词作宾补，强调唱歌动作正在进行。 5. The issue ________________ (discuss) now at the meeting involves important policy changes. 答案：being discussed 解析：句意：现在会议上正在讨论的问题涉及重要的政策变动。现在分词被动式作定语，表 “正在被讨论的”。 6. ________________ (not know) the exact address, he had to ask for directions repeatedly. 答案：Not knowing 解析：句意：由于不知道确切地址，他不得不反复问路。现在分词作原因状语，否定式在分词前加 not。 7. The movie ________________ (show) at the local theater is based on a true story. 答案：showing 解析：句意：当地影院正在放映的电影基于真实故事。现在分词作定语，表 “正在放映的”，主动关系。 8. She sat by the window ________________ (read) a novel borrowed from the library. 答案：reading 解析：句意：她坐在窗边读一本从图书馆借来的小说。现在分词作伴随状语，表与谓语动作同时发生。 9. ________________ (have) finished all the assignments, they went to the park for a picnic. 答案：Having 解析：句意：完成所有作业后，他们去公园野餐。现在分词完成式作时间状语，表动作先于谓语发生。 10. The boy ________________ (play) football on the playground is the captain of the school team. 答案：playing 解析：句意：在操场上踢足球的男孩是校队队长。现在分词作定语，表主动进行的动作。 考点五：过去分词 （一）句法功能详解 1. 作定语 表被动或完成： o 例：a broken window caused by the storm（暴风雨打碎的窗户） o a written report submitted yesterday（昨天提交的书面报告） 2. 作表语 表主语状态（多为情感类形容词）： o 例：All the students were excited about the upcoming field trip.（所有学生都对即将到来的实地考察感到兴奋。） 3. 作状语 表被动或完成，逻辑主语与主句一致： o 例：Given proper training, the dog can perform complex tasks.（若接受适当训练，这只狗能执行复杂任务。） 4. 作补语 结构：have/get sth. done（使…… 被做） o 例：She had her hair styled at the new salon downtown.（她在市中心的新沙龙做了发型。） （三）对点练习 1. The ________________ (break) vase on the shelf was a gift from her grandmother. 答案：broken 解析：句意：架子上那个破碎的花瓶是她祖母送的礼物。过去分词作定语，表 “被打碎的”，被动完成状态。 2. He was deeply ________________ (surprise) at the unexpected news from his hometown. 答案：surprised 解析：句意：他对来自家乡的意外消息深感惊讶。过去分词作表语，表主语 “他” 的心理状态。 3. ________________ (give) enough time and resources, the team can complete the project on schedule. 答案：Given 解析：句意：若给予足够的时间和资源，团队能按时完成项目。过去分词作条件状语，表被动假设。 4. She had her laptop ________________ (repair) at the service center last week. 答案：repaired 解析：句意：她上周在服务中心修了笔记本电脑。have sth. done 表 “使某物被做”，过去分词作宾补。 5. The novel ________________ (write) by the famous author sold millions of copies worldwide. 答案：written 解析：句意：这位著名作家写的小说在全球售出数百万册。过去分词作定语，表 “被撰写的”，被动关系。 6. ________________ (inspire) by the speech, the students decided to volunteer for the charity event. 答案：Inspired 解析：句意：受演讲启发，学生们决定为慈善活动做志愿者。过去分词作原因状语，表被动受到激励。 7. The car ________________ (damage) in the accident was taken to the garage for repairs. 答案：damaged 解析：句意：事故中受损的汽车被拖到修理厂维修。过去分词作定语，表 “被损坏的”，被动完成。 8. He felt extremely ________________ (disappoint) with his performance in the important exam. 答案：disappointed 解析：句意：他对自己在重要考试中的表现感到极度失望。过去分词作表语，表主语的心理状态。 9. ________________ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks like a beautiful painting. 答案：Seen 解析：句意：从山顶俯瞰，这座城市看起来像一幅美丽的画。过去分词作状语，表被动视角。 10. She found her wallet ________________ (steal) when she arrived at the bus station. 答案：stolen 解析：句意：她到达汽车站时发现钱包被偷了。过去分词作宾补，表 “被偷的”，被动完成状态。 一、不定式的省略与保留陷阱 难点核心 1. 使役 / 感官动词的 to 省略规则： o let/make/see/watch 等词后接宾补时省略 to，但变为被动语态时 to 需还原。 o 例：× He was made do the work. √ He was made to do the work.（被动需加 to） 2. 特殊动词的 to 保留： o 介词 but/except 前有实义动词 do 时，后接不带 to 的不定式；反之需带 to。 o 例：I have nothing to do but wait.（有 do，wait 前无 to） I have no choice but to wait.（无 do，to 不可省） 3. 疑问词 + 不定式的结构混淆： o 需注意语序为 “疑问词 + to do”，而非疑问句语序。 o 例：× I don’t know how to do. √ I don’t know how to do it.（需加宾语） 二、动名词的固定搭配盲区 难点核心 1. 只接动名词的动词误加 to： o 如 avoid/enjoy/practice 等后接动名词，不可接不定式。 o 例：× He practices to play the piano. √ He practices playing the piano. 2. 介词 + 动名词的隐蔽考点： o 固定短语如 be used to（习惯于）/look forward to 中的 to 为介词，需接动名词。 o 例：× I am used to get up early. √ I am used to getting up early. 3. forget/remember 的时态混淆： o forget to do（未做）vs. forget doing（已做），需结合语境判断时间先后。 o 例：I forgot locking the door.（已锁门但忘记） I forgot to lock the door.（未锁门且忘记） 三、分词的主被动逻辑错误 难点核心 1. 现在分词与过去分词的逻辑主语判断： o 现在分词表主动（doing），过去分词表被动（done），需与主句主语一致。 o 例：× Looking out of the window, the building was seen. √ Looking out of the window, I saw the building.（主动者应为 “人”） 2. 独立主格结构的主语缺失： o 分词作状语时若逻辑主语与主句不同，需用独立主格（名词 + 分词）。 o 例：× Waiting for the bus, it began to rain. √ Waiting for the bus, I felt it begin to rain.（或独立主格：The bus not coming, I felt...） 3. 完成分词的时间顺序错误： o having done 需先于谓语动作发生，不可随意使用。 o 例：× Having arrived, he waves to us. √ Having arrived, he waved to us.（先到达后挥手） 四、非谓语动词的时态语态交叉难点 难点核心 1. 被动不定式的时态混淆： o to be done（将来被动）vs. to have been done（过去被动），需看动作时间。 o 例：The task to be done tomorrow is important.（明天做，to be done） The task to have been done yesterday was delayed.（昨天应完成，to have been done） 2. 动名词被动式的遗漏： o 当动名词逻辑主语为动作承受者时需用被动式（being done）。 o 例：× He dislikes being laughed. √ He dislikes being laughed at.（被动需完整） 3. 分词被动式的冗余错误： o 过去分词本身表被动，不可再加 being。 o 例：× The broken window is being repaired. √ The broken window is repaired.（broken 已表被动） 五、非谓语动词作定语的位置陷阱 难点核心 1. 不定式作定语的动宾关系： o 不定式修饰名词时若为不及物动词，需加适当介词。 o 例：× I need a pen to write. √ I need a pen to write with.（write 需接 with） 2. 分词作定语的时间混淆： o 现在分词表进行（doing），过去分词表完成（done），需注意时间对应。 o 例：× The building built now is a library. √ The building being built now is a library.（现在在建，being built） 3. 动名词与现在分词作定语的区别： o 动名词表用途（a swimming pool），现在分词表动作（a swimming boy）。 o 例：× a sleeping bag（用途，正确） vs. × a sleeping boy（动作，正确），需根据语境区分。 真题速递 1. [2025 年新高考 I 卷] We hope 58._________________(present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalism art, conceptual art and expressionism. 答案：to present 解析：句意：我们希望在视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、概念艺术和表现主义展开对话。 “hope to do sth.” 是固定搭配，表示 “希望做某事”，因此此处需用不定式结构 “to present”。 2. [2024 年甲卷] Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41._________________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 答案：to catch 解析：句意：尽管各种规模和类型的公园在任何层面都存在，但国家公园尤其因其面积大、种类多而倾向于吸引我们的注意力。“tend to do sth.” 是固定用法，表示 “倾向于做某事”，故此处用不定式 “to catch”。 3. [2024 年全国 I 卷] These sepals open on warm days 58._______________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 答案：giving 解析：句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里张开，为里面的植物带来阳光和新鲜空气。此处用现在分词 “giving” 作结果状语，表示萼片张开后自然产生的结果。 4. [2024 年全国 II 卷] Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 43._________________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 答案：to find 解析：句意：埃德蒙森说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，漫步在出生地花园的游客常常惊讶地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。“be amazed to do sth.” 为固定搭配，意为 “对做某事感到惊讶”，故用不定式 “to find”。 5. [2024 年北京卷] Taking the time 11._________________ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 答案：to rest 解析：句意：花时间休息能让我们培养更深的自我意识。“take the time to do sth.” 是固定用法，表示 “花时间做某事”，故填不定式 “to rest”。 6. [2024 年浙江卷 1 月] However, if you’re shopping for one, 1. __________ (buy) extra benefits from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 答案：buying 解析：句意：然而，如果你在选购某样东西，从降价中购买额外福利是没有意义的。动名词短语 “buying extra benefits from price reductions” 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 “doesn’t make”。 7. [2024 年全国 II 卷] Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 40.____________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, 41.____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：inspired；was built 解析：  句意：两年后，一座受《牡丹亭》启发的六米高凉亭在第一花园建成，距离莎士比亚出生地仅十分钟步行路程。  第一空：过去分词 “inspired” 作后置定语，修饰 “pavilion”，表示 “被《牡丹亭》启发的”，与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系。  第二空：“pavilion” 与 “build” 之间为被动关系，且根据 “Two years later” 可知动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态 “was built”。 8. [2024 年北京卷] And when 16._________________ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 答案：asked 解析：句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。“when asked” 是 “when he was asked” 的省略形式，当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有 be 动词时，可省略主语和 be 动词，此处用过去分词 “asked” 表被动。 9. [2024 年浙江卷 1 月] Over the last two years, some supermarkets 7 ______(start) selling chicken or salad in packs 8 ________________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案：have started；designed 解析： 句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市已经开始销售用包装好的鸡肉或沙拉，这些包装被设计成有两个包含单独分量的半块。 第一空：“Over the last two years” 为现在完成时标志词，主语 “some supermarkets” 为复数，故用 “have started”。 第二空：过去分词 “designed” 作后置定语，修饰 “packs”，表示 “被设计成…… 的”，与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系。 10. [2023 年新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷] So I am always left 10._________________ (want) more next time. 答案：wanting 解析：句意：所以下次我总是会渴望更多。“be left doing sth.” 为固定用法，表示 “被留下继续做某事”，此处用现在分词 “wanting” 作主语补足语。 11. [2023 年新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷] They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 ________________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 答案：visiting 解析：句意：他们与大批国际游客以及来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来查看从中国租借的大熊猫。此处用动名词 “visiting” 作定语，修饰 “Chinese zookeepers”，表示 “来访的”。 12. [2023 年全国甲卷] And the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the sixth century B.C. Her fable begins, 5.______ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 答案：borrowing 解析：句意：著名的《伊索寓言》可追溯到公元前六世纪。她的寓言以从许多古老寓言中借用一些熟悉的词语开始。现在分词短语 “borrowing some familiar words...” 作伴随状语，与主语 “her fable” 之间为主动关系。 13. [2022 年全国甲卷] He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10._________________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 答案：planning 解析：句意：9 月 20 日，他从西安飞往喀什，飞行了 4700 公里，计划在五个月内徒步返回西安。现在分词短语 “planning to hike back...” 作伴随状语，与主语 “he” 之间为主动关系，表示飞行时同时存在的计划。 14. [2022 年全国乙卷] The event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 9________________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 答案：inviting 解析：句意：该活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的 29 位茶叶专业人士进行 36 小时不间断的直播。现在分词短语 “inviting twenty-nine tea professionals...” 作结果状语，表示活动带来的自然结果。 名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·浙江·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Trends come and go as time flies. You may know what’s trendy now, but what about the 1 (fashion) costumes or makeup of the ancient times? You may get some clues from the videos produced by Zhu Ruoxuan, who 2 (name) one of the top 100 content creators in January by Bilibili, 3 leading video-sharing platform in China. 4 (Bear) in 1998, Zhu began sharing her life through videos on Bilibili in 2019, initially focusing on videos that showed popular makeup from the ancient China to modern times. It wasn’t until 2021 5 she gained widespread recognition thanks to a video depicting the evolution of the ordinary Chinese women’s 6 (appear) and mindset from the 1920s to the 2020s. In the video, she imitated the facial expressions of women from different time periods, capturing their uncertainty in the 1920s, their helplessness 7 (arise) from the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931–45), and their confidence 8 female workers in the 1950s after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Despite a lack of formal acting training, Zhu studied women in old photos and movies 9 (imitate) their expressions, striving for accuracy. Over time, Zhu’s videos has shifted to an even 10 (great) focus on women, exploring other changes in women’s images from the past to the present. “I think it’s a necessary growth both for myself and my creation,” she said. 【答案】 1．fashionable 2．was named 3．a 4．Born 5．that 6．appearance 7．arising 8．as 9．to imitate 10．greater 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了哔哩哔哩视频创作者朱若萱（Zhu Ruoxuan）通过制作古今妆容演变、女性形象变迁的视频走红的经历。 1．考查形容词。句意：你可能知道现在的流行趋势，但古代的时尚服饰或妆容呢？空处修饰名词costumes，应用形容词形式，fashionable意为“时尚的”。故填fashionable。 2．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：你或许能从朱若萱制作的视频中找到一些线索——她在今年1月被哔哩哔哩（中国领先的视频分享平台）评为“百大up主”之一。根据时间状语in January可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，name和主语who之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语who指代先行词Zhu Ruoxuan，为单数，be动词应用was。故填was named。 3．考查冠词。句意：你或许能从朱若萱制作的视频中找到一些线索——她在今年1月被哔哩哔哩（中国领先的视频分享平台）评为“百大up主”之一。platform为可数名词单数形式，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，leading是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：1998年出生的朱若萱于2019年开始在哔哩哔哩通过视频分享生活，最初专注于展示从中国古代到现代的流行妆容。句中已有谓语动词began，空处为非谓语动词，bear和Zhu之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Born。 5．考查强调句。句意：直到2021年，她才因一则描绘20世纪20年代至21世纪20年代中国普通女性外貌与心态演变的视频广受认可。此处为强调句型：it is/was not until+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分，此处被强调部分为时间状语not until 2021，应用that。故填that。 6．考查名词。句意：直到2021年，她才因一则描绘20世纪20年代至21世纪20年代中国普通女性外貌与心态演变的视频广受认可。空处和mindset并列，应用名词形式，appearance意为“外貌”，为不可数名词。故填appearance。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在视频中，她模仿了不同时期女性的面部表情：捕捉了20世纪20年代女性的迷茫、抗日战争（1931-1945）时期女性因战争产生的无奈，以及20世纪50年代新中国成立后作为女工的自信。句中已有谓语动词imitated，空处为非谓语动词，arise和逻辑主语helplessness之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填arising。 8．考查介词。句意：在视频中，她模仿了不同时期女性的面部表情：捕捉了20世纪20年代女性的迷茫、抗日战争（1931-1945）时期女性因战争产生的无奈，以及20世纪50年代新中国成立后作为女工的自信。表示“作为”应用介词as。故填as。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管缺乏正式的表演训练，朱若萱通过研究老照片和电影来模仿她们的表情，力求精准。句中已有谓语动词studied，空处为非谓语动词，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to imitate。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：随着时间的推移，朱若萱的视频甚至更聚焦于女性议题，探索古今女性形象的其他变迁。空处修饰名词focus，应用形容词形式，even修饰形容词比较级，greater意为“更大的”。故填greater。 Passage 2 （2025·湖北武汉·三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese robotics start-up shares a film of its production facility on its official website, which reportedly 1 (produce) at least 962 humanoid robots so far. In 2 4: 02-minute video, it showcases various stages of the robotic production line at its Lingang Fengxian factory in Shanghai, 3 features self-made humanoid robots working alongside human workers. Moreover, the company has established 4 it calls a “data collection factory” for real-world data gathering, including training scenarios such as folding clothes, organizing, cleaning and doing the laundry. Industry observer Hong Shaodun notes that humanoid robots have evolved from laboratory prototypes to substaintial products, 5 this year’s robots entering a phase of increased intelligence and versatility (多功能). 6 (compare) with other global competitors, China 7 (position) better to achieve higher output of humanoid robots at lower costs. Meanwhile, Chinese companies excel 8 (particular) in motion control and the exploration of advanced AI models. Hong also mentions the focus for next year in this industry will be on expanding practical applications in specific scenarios. However, the industry insider points out that achieving rapid breakthroughs in a short time remains quite 9 (demand) due to technical hurdles, such as 10 (efficient) and stability issues that need to be addressed. 【答案】 1. has produced 2. the 3. which 4. what 5. with 6. Compared 7. is positioned 8. particularly 9. demanding 10. efficiency 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家中国机器人初创公司展示生产设施相关情况，指出人形机器人发展现状，还提及中国在此领域的优势及行业面临的问题。 1. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一家中国机器人初创公司在其官方网站上分享了一段其生产设施的视频，据报道，该生产设施到目前为止已经生产了至少962个人形机器人。produce(生产)是谓语动词，根据时间状语“so far”可知，描述过去持续到现在的行为，应用现在完成时态，主语which(即先行词its production facility)是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式has produced。故填has produced。 2. 考查冠词。句意：在这段4分02秒的视频中，它展示了其位于上海临港奉贤工厂的机器人生产线的各个阶段。这里特指上文提到的公司分享的视频，用定冠词the限定。故填the。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：在这段4分02秒的视频中，它展示了其位于上海临港奉贤工厂的机器人生产线的各个阶段，其特点是自制的人形机器人与人类工人一起工作。“____ features self made humanoid robots working alongside human workers”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the robotic production line，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 4. 考查宾语从句。句意：此外，该公司还建立了一个它称之为“数据收集工厂”的地方，用于收集现实世界的数据。“____ it calls a ‘data collection factory’”是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物，用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 5. 考查with复合结构和介词。句意：行业观察家洪绍敦指出，人形机器人已经从实验室原型发展成为实质性产品，今年的机器人进入了一个智能和多功能性增强的阶段。“____ this year’s robots entering a phase of increased intelligence and versatility (多功能)”作伴随状语，它不是一个句子，结合非谓语动词entering可推知，这是with复合结构作状语，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，用介词with。故填with。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他全球竞争对手相比，中国更有优势以更低的成本实现更高的人形机器人产量。“(compare) with other global competitors”作比较状语，compare(比较)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语China之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Compared。 7. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：与其他全球竞争对手相比，中国更有优势以更低的成本实现更高的人形机器人产量。position(使处于)是谓语动词，与主语China之间是被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是专有名词，谓语用单数形式is positioned。故填is positioned。 8. 考查副词。句意：与此同时，中国公司在运动控制和探索先进人工智能模型方面尤其出色。提示词修饰动词excel，用副词particularly作状语，意为“尤其；特别是”。故填particularly。 9. 考查形容词。句意：然而，业内人士指出，由于技术障碍，如需要解决的效率和稳定性问题，在短时间内实现快速突破仍然相当具有挑战性。提示词作表语，用形容词demanding，意为“要求高的，费力的，具有挑战性的”。故填demanding。 10. 考查名词。句意：然而，业内人士指出，由于技术障碍，如需要解决的效率和稳定性问题，在短时间内实现快速突破仍然相当具有挑战性。根据“and stability issues”可知，这里用名词与stability并列，efficient的名词是efficiency，意为“效率”，不可数名词。故填efficiency。 Passage 3 （2025·河南信阳·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Li Shaoyu, 55, and her husband Wang Guangrong, 54, are key figures in efforts 1 (preserve) Pengshui Miao embroidery (彭水苗绣) and enhance the well-being of local folks Fifteen years ago, the couple 2 (plan) crafting traditional Miao clothing based in an embroidery workshop, then expanded to build a company in 2015, with an annual output value of approximately 6 million yuan. Since Li’ became a representative inheritor (继承人) of Pengshui Miao embroidery in 2016, the couple have devoted themselves to preserving these handicrafts (手工艺品). Through their company, 3 serves as a cornerstone for training programs, projects 4 (carry) out in nearly 30 townships across Pengshui. These efforts have made 5 (notice) impacts on the lives of over 3,000 local residents,including more than 100 stay-athome women,individuals with disabilities,and over 800 people with limited incomes. Each week,Li teaches complimentary classes at local schools and the youth activity center, aiming to pass down 6 she has learned. Traditional Miao embroidery is 7 (public) acknowledged to decorate the collars, lapels sleeves, handkerchief edges and skirt hems of clothing. It can also be used to make items such as shoulder bags and wallets. While 8 (keep) Miao embroidery’s tradition. Li also developed a series of cultural and creative 9 (product), such as hairpins, earrings, scarves and insoles. “I want to introduce Miao embroidery culture 10 a wider audience.” Li said. 【答案】 1. to preserve 2. planned 3. which 4. has been carried 5. noticeable 6. what 7. primarily 8. keeping 9. products 10. to 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了李绍玉以及丈夫致力于保护彭水苗族刺绣以及增进当地民众福祉。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：李绍玉，55 岁，以及她的丈夫王光荣，54 岁，是致力于保护彭水苗族刺绣以及增进当地民众福祉的重要人物。短语in efforts to do sth.表示“致力于做某事”。故填to preserve。 2. 考查时态。句意：十五年前，这对夫妇在一家刺绣工坊里着手制作传统的苗族服饰，随后在 2015 年将业务拓展为一家公司，年营业额约达 600 万元。根据上文Fifteen years ago可知为一般过去时。故填planned。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：通过他们的公司（该公司是培训项目的基石），该项目已在彭水县近 30 个乡镇开展实施。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词company，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。 4. 考查时态语态。句意：通过他们的公司（该公司是培训项目的基石），该项目已在彭水县近 30 个乡镇开展实施。主语projects与谓语构成被动关系，表示过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been carried。 5. 考查形容词。句意：这些努力对超过 3000 名当地居民的生活产生了显著影响，其中包括 100 多名居家妇女、残疾人以及 800 多名收入有限的人员。修饰级名词impacts用形容词noticeable。故填noticeable。 6. 考查宾语从句。句意：每周，李都会在当地的学校和青少年活动中心免费授课，旨在将自己所学到的知识传授给更多人。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，故用what。故填what。 7. 考查副词。句意：传统的苗族刺绣主要用于装饰衣物的领口、翻领、袖口、手帕边缘以及裙摆。修饰动词acknowledge用副词primarily。故填primarily。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在保留苗族刺绣传统的同时，李还开发了一系列文化及创意产品，如发夹、耳环、围巾和鞋垫。此处keep与Li为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填keeping。 9. 考查名词的数。句意：在保留苗族刺绣传统的同时，李还开发了一系列文化及创意产品，如发夹、耳环、围巾和鞋垫。根据上文a series of可知为复数作宾语。故填products。 10. 考查介词。句意：“我想将苗族刺绣文化推广给更多的人。”李说道。短语introduce sth. to…表示“推广某物”。故填to。 Passage 4 （2025·福建福州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the April sun bathes Yunnan province in golden light, the Dai ethnic inhabitants have turned their homeland into a joyous playground for the annual water splashing festival, 1 poshuijie, attracting visitors from China and abroad. The water splashing festival is one of the most important events for the Dai people, who mark the event as New Year and organize activities 2 splashing water, releasing Kongming lanterns into the sky, and dragon boat races. It   3 (list) as State-level intangible cultural heritage in 2006. The festival symbolizes washing away the past year’s 4 (misfortune) and welcoming new beginnings through purification. In Xishuangbanna, the celebrations kicked off on Saturday in 5 spectacular blend of tradition and modernity. In a square in Jinghong, a city in Xishuangbanna on Tuesday, thousands of people 6 (arm) with water guns, buckets and bamboo basins wet each other amid roars of laughter, as the more water people splash on you, the 7 (lucky) your life will be. This year, Xishuangbanna has introduced helicopter rides for aerial views of the water battles, and invited internet influencers 8 (share) their experiences, through 9 more people can experience the joy of water. “It’s where tradition dances with today, and everyone from different ethnic groups and nationalities, 10 (become) family,” Chen Xuanliang, head of Xishuangbanna’s publicity department, says. As the festivities continue into early May in the province, the echoes of laughter will attract more and more visitors. 【答案】 1. or 2. like 3. was listed 4. misfortunes 5. a 6. armed 7. luckier 8. to share 9. which 10. becomes 【导语】这是一篇说明文。四月，云南傣族泼水节举行，活动丰富，2006年被列为国家级非遗，今年融入现代元素，吸引众多游客。 1. 考查连词。句意：当四月的阳光洒满云南省时，傣族居民将他们的家园变成了一年一度泼水节的欢乐乐园，吸引了来自中国和世界各地的游客。此处表示“泼水节，或称poshuijie”，用or连接同位语，解释节日的另一个名称。故填or。 2. 考查介词。句意：泼水节是傣族最为重要的节日之一，他们将此视为新年，并会举行诸如泼水、将孔明灯放飞至天空以及举行龙舟竞赛等活动。此处表示列举，用介词like。故填like。 3. 考查时态语态。句意：它于 2006 年被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。主语It与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in 2006可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was listed。 4. 考查名词的数。句意：这个节日象征着通过净化来洗去过去一年的不幸，迎接新的开始。此处表示数量大于一用复数形式。故填misfortunes。 5. 考查冠词。句意：在西双版纳，庆祝活动于周六拉开帷幕，其形式将传统与现代元素完美融合在一起。“a spectacular blend”表示“一种壮观的融合”，blend为可数名词，用不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：周二，在西双版纳景洪市的一个广场上，数千人手持水枪、水桶和竹盆，相互泼水嬉戏，欢声笑语中充满了欢乐的气氛，据说，泼给对方越多的水，就意味着你的生活会越幸运。短语be armed with表示“装备”，此处过去分词作后置定语，故填armed。 7. 考查比较级。句意：周二，在西双版纳景洪市的一个广场上，数千人手持水枪、水桶和竹盆，相互泼水嬉戏，欢声笑语中充满了欢乐的气氛，据说，泼给对方越多的水，就意味着你的生活会越幸运。“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，lucky的比较级为 luckier，意为“泼的水越多，生活越幸运”。故填luckier。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年，西双版纳推出了直升机观光项目，游客可以乘坐直升机俯瞰水战的壮观场面，并且还邀请了网络红人来分享他们的经历，通过这些活动，更多的人能够体验到水带来的乐趣。invite sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，用不定式to share表示“邀请网红分享经历”。故填to share。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：今年，西双版纳推出了直升机观光项目，游客可以乘坐直升机俯瞰水战的壮观场面，并且还邀请了网络红人来分享他们的经历，通过这些活动，更多的人能够体验到水带来的乐趣。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词experiences，介词through后用关系代词which，作宾语。故填which。 10. 考查时态。句意：“这里将传统与现代完美融合，来自不同民族和国家的人们在这里如同亲家人一般亲密无间。”西双版纳宣传部部长陈宣亮说道。句子主语为 everyone，from different ethnic groups and nationalities 是后置定语，谓语用第三人称单数 becomes，与 dances 并列。故填becomes。 Passage 5 （2025·河北邯郸·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, China has expanded visa-free (免签) access s to travelers from 38 countries, fueling a global tourism boost. This policy, introduced in December 2023, initially targeted six European nations and Malaysia, later 1 (extend) to more regions. By simplifying entry procedures, China aims to promote cultural exchange and economic growth. The policy’s impact became 2 (evidence) during the 2024 Spring Festival, when China welcomed over 3.43 million international visitors. Many travelers shared their experiences online, making “China Travel” 3 trending topic with billions of views. Tourists explored not only symbolic landmarks like the Great Wall 4 lesser-known cities, immersing (使沉浸于) themselves in local traditions and cuisine. Eva Gajewska, a Polish travel agent, noted 5 impressed her was that bookings for China tours increased after Poland was added to the visa-free list. 6 (economic), the policy has awoken industries such as service and retail (零售) industries. Mobile payment systems, upgraded for foreign tourists, saw a dramatic rise in deals. Professor Chen Nan emphasized that tourism drives innovation in services and 7 (improve) in foundation building. For example, attractions like the Silk Route Garden integrate modern engineering 8 historical themes, showcasing China’s integration of tradition and technology. Culturally, the policy 9 (strengthen) global understanding so far. Visitors often express admiration for China’s landscapes and hospitality. As Li Jun, a trade researcher, stated, “Openness bridges differences and creates 10 (share) opportunities”. 【答案】 1. extending 2. evident 3. a 4. but 5. what 6. Economically 7. improvement 8. with 9. has strengthened 10. shared 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国免签政策促进旅游、经济及文化交流。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这项于2023年12月推出的政策最初针对六个欧洲国家和马来西亚，后来扩展到更多地区。句子谓语为targeted，本空需用非谓语动词，This policy与 extend为主动关系，故用现在分词extending，作状语。故填extending。 2. 考查形容词。句意：在2024年春节期间，该政策的影响变得明显，当时中国迎来了343万多名国际游客。本空作表语，用形容词evident“明显的”。故填evident。 3. 考查冠词。句意：许多游客在网上分享他们的经历，使“中国旅游”成为拥有数十亿浏览量的一个热门话题。topic“话题”为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个热门话题”，且trending发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 4. 考查连词。句意：游客们不仅探索了长城等标志性地标，还探索了鲜为人知的城市，沉浸在当地的传统和美食中。not only...but (also)...“不仅……而且……”为固定搭配。故填but。 5. 考查主语从句。句意：波兰旅行社Eva Gajewska指出，令她印象深刻的是，在波兰被列入免签名单后，前往中国的预订量有所增加。“____ impressed her”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用连接代词what。故填what。 6. 考查副词。句意：从经济上讲，该政策唤醒了服务业和零售业等行业。本空修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词economically“经济上地”，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Economically。 7. 考查名词的数。句意：陈楠教授强调，旅游业推动了服务创新和基础设施建设。本空与innovation并列，作drives的宾语，用名词improvement“改进”。故填improvement。 8. 考查介词。句意：例如，丝绸之路花园等景点将现代工程与历史主题相结合，展示了中国传统与科技的融合。integrate...with...“把……与……结合起来”为固定搭配。故填with。 9. 考查时态。句意：在文化方面，该政策迄今为止加强了全球理解。空处为句子谓语，根据时间状语so far可知，时态应用现在完成时，主语the policy为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has strengthened。 10. 考查形容词。句意：开放弥合分歧，创造共享机遇。本空作定语，修饰名词opportunities，用形容词shared“共享的”。故填shared。 22 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$