专题 S301 动词的时态&语态-【弯道超车-备战毕业班】2025年 高中英语新高三 暑假自学培优提升学案（全国通用）

新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S301 动词的时态&语态 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 考点一：一般时 （一）结构与用法表格 时态 结构 用法示例 一般现在时 动词原形 / 第三人称单数 + s The earth moves around the sun.（客观真理） He walks to school daily.（习惯） 一般过去时 动词过去式 She bought a book yesterday.（过去动作） They used to live here.（过去习惯） 一般将来时 will/shall+V 原 be going to+V 原 We will have a party next week.（计划） It is going to rain.（迹象） 过去将来时 would+V 原 was/were going to+V 原 He said he would call me.（宾语从句） They were going to leave.（过去计划） （二）语法点详解 1. 一般现在时 例句： 时刻表：The train departs at 6:30 am.（火车早上 6:30 发车。） 状语从句：If he arrives early, he can help set up.（如果他早到，能帮忙布置。） 拓展：表示 “按计划发生” 的动词还包括 arrive, leave, start 等，如：The concert begins at 7 pm.（音乐会晚 7 点开始。） 2. 一般过去时 例句： 过去状态：She was happy yesterday.（她昨天很开心。） 过去习惯：He often played football as a child.（他小时候常踢足球。） 拓展：used to do 与 would do 的区别： used to do 强调 “过去常做现在不做”，如：He used to smoke.（他过去抽烟。） would do 仅表过去习惯，如：He would smoke after meals.（他过去饭后常抽烟。） 3. 一般将来时 例句： be to+V 原（计划 / 命令）：The meeting is to be held next Monday.（会议定于下周一召开。） be about to+V 原（即将）：The game is about to start.（比赛即将开始。） 拓展：“be on the point of+doing” 也表 “即将”，如：He was on the point of leaving.（他正要离开。） 4. 过去将来时 例句： was/were to+V 原：She said the project was to be finished in a week.（她说项目一周后完成。） 过去进行时表将来（限于 go, come 等）：He said he was coming soon.（他说马上来。） （三）对点练习 1. The local museum usually ______ (open) its doors to visitors at 9 am on weekends. 答案：opens 解析：句意：当地博物馆周末通常上午 9 点向游客开放。usually 表习惯性动作，用一般现在时，museum 为第三人称单数，open 加 - s。 2. They ______ (not attend) the charity event last night due to the heavy rain. 答案：didn't attend 解析：句意：由于大雨，他们昨晚没参加慈善活动。last night 表过去，否定式用 didn't + 动词原形 attend。 3. According to the schedule, the international flight ______ (take off) at 11:45 pm sharp. 答案：takes off 解析：句意：根据时刻表，国际航班晚上 11:45 准时起飞。时刻表安排用一般现在时，flight 为第三人称单数，take off 加 - s。 4. If the team ______ (win) the match tomorrow, they will advance to the finals. 答案：wins 解析：句意：如果球队明天赢了比赛，将晋级决赛。条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，team 为第三人称单数，win 加 - s。 考点二：进行时 （一）结构与用法表格 时态 结构 用法示例 现在进行时 am/is/are + 现在分词 She is reading a book now.（此刻动作） We are leaving tomorrow.（将来安排） 过去进行时 was/were + 现在分词 He was studying at 8 pm yesterday.（过去某时动作） They were talking when I entered.（背景动作） 将来进行时 will be + 现在分词 At 3 pm tomorrow, I will be having a class.（将来某时动作） 现在完成进行时 have/has been + 现在分词 They have been waiting for 2 hours.（持续到现在） （二）语法点详解 1. 现在进行时 例句： 现阶段动作（非此刻）：He is preparing for the exam this month.（他本月在备考。） 频度副词 + 现在进行时（表感情色彩）：She is always helping others.（她总是帮助别人。） 拓展：不用于进行时的动词： 感官动词（see, hear）、心理动词（like, know），如：I like this book.（√） I'm liking this book.（×） 2. 过去进行时 例句： 两个过去进行时同时发生：While he was reading, she was writing.（他读书时她在写作。） 过去反复动作（与 always 连用）：He was always complaining.（他过去总抱怨。） 3. 将来进行时 例句： 礼貌询问：Will you be working tomorrow?（你明天会在工作吗？） 客观安排：The team will be training at 4 pm.（球队下午 4 点训练。） 4. 现在完成进行时 例句： 持续且未结束：She has been waiting since 9 am.（她从 9 点等到现在。） 重复动作：He has been calling her all day.（他整天一直给她打电话。） （三）对点练习 5. Listen closely! The choir ______ (sing) a beautiful hymn in the church. 答案：is singing 解析：句意：仔细听！唱诗班正在教堂里唱一首优美的赞美诗。listen 提示此刻动作，用现在进行时，choir 为单数，be 动词用 is。 6. They ______ (build) the new stadium when the mayor visited the site last month. 答案：were building 解析：句意：市长上个月视察工地时，他们正在修建新体育场。过去某时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，they 对应 were。 7. This time next week, the team ______ (participate) in the international sports event. 答案：will be participating 解析：句意：下周的这个时候，球队将正在参加国际体育赛事。将来某时正在进行的动作，用将来进行时，will be + 现在分词 participating。 8. The students ______ (review) the math concepts since this morning without a break. 答案：have been reviewing 解析：句意：学生们从今天早上起一直在复习数学概念，没有休息。持续到现在且可能继续，用现在完成进行时，students 对应 have been。 考点三：完成时 （一）结构与用法表格 时态 结构 用法示例 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 He has finished the work.（过去对现在的影响） They have lived here for 10 years.（持续到现在） 过去完成时 had + 过去分词 By last year, he had learned 3 languages.（过去的过去） I had intended to call you.（未实现计划） 将来完成时 will have + 过去分词 By next month, I will have graduated.（将来某时已完成） （二）语法点详解 1. 现在完成时 例句： 重复经历：I have seen the movie three times.（这部电影我看过三次。） 时间状语：just, already, yet, ever, never 例：Have you ever been to Paris?（你去过巴黎吗？） 拓展：“It is the first time + 现在完成时”，如：It is the first time I have eaten sushi.（这是我第一次吃寿司。） 2. 过去完成时 例句： 宾语从句（主句过去时）：He said he had seen the film.（他说看过那部电影。） 固定句型：hardly...when...（一…… 就……） 例：Hardly had I arrived when it rained.（我刚到就下雨了。） 3. 将来完成时 例句： 与 by + 将来时间连用：By 2025, I will have worked here for 5 years.（到 2025 年，我将在此工作 5 年。） 与 before + 从句连用：I will have left before you arrive.（你到之前我已离开。） （三）对点练习 9. The company ______ (launch) three new products in the market since the beginning of this year. 答案：has launched 解析：句意：自今年年初以来，该公司已在市场推出三款新产品。since + 时间点表持续到现在，用现在完成时，company 对应 has。 10. By the end of last semester, the students ______ (learn) all the core grammar points. 答案：had learned 解析：句意：到上学期末，学生们已学完所有核心语法点。by + 过去时间，用过去完成时，students 对应 had。 11. By the time she retires next year, she ______ (work) in the education sector for 35 years. 答案：will have worked 解析：句意：到她明年退休时，将已在教育领域工作 35 年。by + 将来时间，用将来完成时，she 对应 will have。 12. The project ______ (not complete) yet due to unexpected technical issues. 答案：hasn't been completed 解析：句意：由于意外的技术问题，项目尚未完成。yet 表完成时，被动语态 hasn't been + 过去分词 completed。 考点四：被动语态 （一）结构与用法表格 时态 被动结构 用法示例 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 The room is cleaned daily.（房间每天打扫。） 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The car was repaired yesterday.（车昨天修了。） 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 The task will be finished tomorrow.（任务明天完成。） 现在进行时 am/is/are being + 过去分词 The house is being painted now.（房子正在粉刷。） 过去进行时 was/were being + 过去分词 The bridge was being built when I arrived.（我到时常桥在修建。） 现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词 The book has been translated into 10 languages.（书已译成 10 种语言。） （二）语法点详解 1. 主动表被动的情况 例句： 感官动词 + 形容词：The food tastes delicious.（食物尝起来美味。） 不及物动词 + 副词：The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔书写流畅。） 值得做：The book is worth reading.（这本书值得读。） 2. 不能用被动的动词 例句： 发生：happen, occur, take place 例：The accident happened yesterday.（事故昨天发生。） 属于：belong to 例：The book belongs to me.（书是我的。） （三）对点练习 13. The famous painting ______ (display) in the art gallery for a limited time next month. 答案：will be displayed 解析：句意：这幅名画下个月将在美术馆限时展出。next month 表将来，被动语态 will be + 过去分词 displayed。 14. The ancient castle ______ (restore) by historians and architects over the past decade. 答案：has been restored 解析：句意：过去十年里，这座古堡已由历史学家和建筑师修复。over + 时间段表持续到现在，被动语态 has been + 过去分词 restored。 15. The documents ______ (print) in the office when the power suddenly went out. 答案：were being printed 解析：句意：停电时，文件正在办公室打印。过去某时正在进行的被动动作，用过去进行时的被动语态 were being + 过去分词 printed。 16. The problem ______ (discuss) at the board meeting yesterday afternoon. 答案：was discussed 解析：句意：这个问题昨天下午在董事会上被讨论了。yesterday 表过去，被动语态 was + 过去分词 discussed。 五、易混时态对比（拓展） 1. 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 时态 区别 例句对比 一般过去时 与现在无关的过去动作 He bought a car last year.（他去年买车了。） 现在完成时 过去动作对现在的影响 / 持续到现在 He has bought a car, so he goes to work by car.（他买了车，现在开车上班。） 2. 现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时 时态 区别 例句对比 现在完成时 动作已完成或持续到现在 They have painted the room.（房间已粉刷完。） 现在完成进行时 动作持续且可能继续 They have been painting the room for 3 hours.（他们粉刷房间 3 小时了，还在刷。） 一、一般时态的时间逻辑陷阱 难点核心 1. 一般现在时表将来的隐蔽场景： o 时间 / 条件状语从句中（如 when, if 引导的从句），需用一般现在时表将来，而非将来时。 o 例：× If it will rain, we will stay at home. √ If it rains, we will stay at home. 2. 过去将来时的语境判断： o 需从 “过去视角” 判断动作，常见于宾语从句（主句为过去时）。 o 例：He said he will come.（×） He said he would come.（√） 3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的混淆： o 一般过去时强调 “过去动作本身”，现在完成时强调 “对现在的影响”。 o 例：He lived here.（过去住过，现在不住） He has lived here.（现在仍住） 二、进行时态的持续性争议 难点核心 1. 现在完成进行时 vs 现在完成时： o 完成进行时强调 “动作持续且可能继续”，完成时强调 “动作完成或结果”。 o 例：They have been painting the room.（还在刷） They have painted the room.（已刷完） 2. 不用于进行时的动词类型： o 静态动词（如 have, know, like）、感官动词（see, hear）不可用于进行时。 o 例：× I am having a book. √ I have a book. 3. 将来进行时的礼貌用法： o 用于询问时比一般将来时更委婉，避免命令语气。 o 例：Will you be joining us?（委婉询问） Will you join us?（直接询问） 三、完成时态的时间节点混淆 难点核心 1. 过去完成时的 “过去的过去” 判定： o 需存在两个过去动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。 o 例：× He had left after I arrived. √ He had left before I arrived. 2. 将来完成时的时间状语搭配： o 必须与 “by + 将来时间” 或 “by the time + 从句” 连用。 o 例：× I will have finished. √ I will have finished by tomorrow. 3. 固定句型中的完成时使用： o “It is the first time + 现在完成时”，“It was the first time + 过去完成时”。 o 例：It is the first time I have seen snow.（√） It was the first time I had seen snow.（√） 四、被动语态的结构误用 难点核心 1. 主动表被动的动词识别： o 感官动词（taste, smell）、不及物动词（sell, write）用主动形式表被动含义。 o 例：× The book is sold well. √ The book sells well. 2. 不能用于被动语态的动词： o 发生类（happen, occur）、所属类（belong to）、成本类（cost）无被动。 o 例：× The accident was happened yesterday. √ The accident happened yesterday. 3. 被动语态与时态的结合错误： o 需同时考虑时态和被动结构，如现在完成时的被动为 “have/has been + 过去分词”。 o 例：× The task has been finish. √ The task has been finished. 五、时态语态的综合应用难点 难点核心 1. 复杂语境下的时态选择： o 需结合时间状语、上下文动作先后顺序判断。 o 例：By the time she graduates, she ______ (study) here for 4 years.（答案：will have studied） 2. 被动语态中的时态一致性： o 主句与从句的时态需一致，如过去时的被动语态中 be 动词用 was/were。 o 例：× The letter was written yesterday by him.（√，时态一致） 3. 省略时间状语的时态推断： o 通过上下文动词时态推断，如宾语从句中主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态。 o 例：He said he ______ (go) to the park.（答案：went/would go） 真题速递 1. [2025 年新高考 I 卷] A decent winner always 61._____________ (try) to beat the opponent 62.(by) no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 答案：tries 解析：句意：一位得体的胜者总是尝试以不超过一两分的优势击败对手，以此作为对对方的尊重姿态。主语 “A decent winner”（一位得体的胜者）为第三人称单数，且句子描述的是客观事实，属于一般现在时的范畴，因此谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式 “tries”。 2. [2024 年全国 I 卷] Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60._____________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 答案：walks 解析：句意：此外，温室周围的丝绸之路花园引领游客踏上一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸以及许多植物物种首次通过丝绸之路来到英国。主语 “the Silk Route Garden” 为第三人称单数，且句子描述客观事实，故用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式 “walks”。 3. [2024 年甲卷] What should 45._____________ (do) with such a beautiful place? 答案：be done 解析：句意：对这样一个美丽的地方应该做些什么呢？“what” 与 “do” 之间为被动关系（什么被做），且情态动词 “should” 后接动词原形，故用被动语态 “be done”。 4. [2024 年全国 II 卷] Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 41._____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：was built 解析：句意：两年后，一个受《牡丹亭》启发的六米高的亭子在第一花园建成，距离莎士比亚的出生地仅十分钟步行路程。“pavilion”（亭子）与 “build” 之间为被动关系，且 “Two years later” 表明动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态 “was built”。 5. [2023 年全国乙卷] The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10._____________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 答案：means 解析：句意：这座城市的显著发展 —— 被有意识地设计成在迈向现代世界的同时保护过去 —— 意味着这里总有新的事物等待发现，我可能会在接下来的 50 年里一直拍摄北京。主语为 “The remarkable development”（单数），句子描述客观事实，故用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式 “means”。 6. [2023 年全国甲卷] Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10._____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 答案：be employed 解析：句意：卡森证明，一种历经岁月传承的简单抒情形式，如今仍能被用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。“lyric form”（抒情形式）与 “employ” 之间为被动关系，情态动词 “can” 后接动词原形，故用被动语态 “be employed”。 7. [2023 年全国乙卷] Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I 7._____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage（遗产）while constantly growing. 答案：am amazed 解析：句意：在过去的 10 年里多次参观后，我对新旧共存以及一座城市如何在不断发展的同时保留如此丰富的遗产感到惊讶。“I” 与 “amaze” 之间为被动关系（我被震惊），且句子描述现在的感受，故用一般现在时的被动语态 “am amazed”。 8. [2022 年全国甲卷] In the last five years, Cao 7._____________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. 答案：has walked 解析：句意：在过去的五年里，曹已经走过了六大洲的 34 个国家。“In the last five years”（在过去的五年里）为现在完成时的标志词，主语 “Cao” 为第三人称单数，故用 “has walked”。 9. [2022 年新高考 I 卷] The GPNP 5._____________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. 答案：is designed 解析：句意：国家公园的设计旨在体现 “保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性、保护生物多样性、保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵自然资产” 的指导原则。“The GPNP” 与 “design” 之间为被动关系，且句子描述客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态 “is designed”。 10. [2020 年全国 I 卷]"This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 7._____________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8._____________ (construct)". 答案：means；is constructed 解析：句意：“这真的让科学家们很兴奋，” 布朗大学的科学家卡尔・皮特斯说，“因为这意味着我们有机会获取关于月球是如何构造的信息。” 第 7 空：主语 “it” 为第三人称单数，描述客观事实，用 “means”。 第 8 空：“the moon” 与 “construct” 之间为被动关系（月球被构造），用一般现在时的被动语态 “is constructed”。 名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·江苏苏州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a workshop in Yingshan County, central China, German scholar Fabian Schrodt carefully pressed paper onto inked clay (黏土) blocks, 1 (recreate) an 11th-century invention from ancient China — Bi Sheng’s movable type printing. His hands-on experience at the Bi Sheng Memorial Hall brought to life the ingenuity of the Song Dynasty inventor. Bi Sheng’s clay-type system, which predated (早于) German printer Johannes Gutenberg’s metal press 2 400 years, 3 (recognize) as the earliest recorded movable type printing in human history. Thousands of miles away in Mainz, Germany, visitors to the Gutenberg Museum have also encountered a similar sense of historic 4 (innovate). While Gutenberg’s 15th-century metal type printing press famously 5 (revolutionize) Europe, Ulf Sölter, director of Mainz’s Gutenberg Museum, acknowledges an 6 (early) pioneer. “Bi and Gutenberg’s inventions were conceptually similar — namely, breaking down individual works into their individual components — but Bi came up with 7 idea long before Gutenberg,” said Sölter. For Schrodt, who spent an afternoon learning from Wang Kui — an intangible cultural inheritor of Bi’s movable type printing — such preservation is extremely 8 (value). “Technological advancements can lead to a degradation (退化) of collective knowledge,” Schrodt noted. “Wang’s dedication to 9 (preserve) Bi’s legacy serves a crucial purpose: ensuring that humanity does not reach a point 10 we possess the technology for interstellar travel but cannot rebuild it once lost, simply because no one knows how.” 【答案】 1．recreating 2．by 3．was recognized 4．innovation 5．revolutionized 6．earlier 7．the 8．valuable 9．preserving 10．where 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了德国学者法比安·施罗德在中国英山县体验毕昇活字印刷术的经历，对比了毕昇与古腾堡印刷术的异同，以及对这一古老技艺传承的意义。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国中部英山县的一个工作坊里，德国学者法比安·施罗德小心翼翼地将纸张压在涂墨的黏土块上，重现了中国古代11世纪的一项发明——毕昇的活字印刷术。本句已有谓语“pressed”，设空处为非谓语动词。设空处在句中作伴随状语，动词“recreate”与其逻辑主语“Fabian Schrodt”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填recreating。 2．考查介词。句意：毕昇的泥字印刷系统比德国印刷商约翰内斯·古腾堡的金属印刷机早400年，被公认为人类历史上最早有记录的活字印刷术。“predate...by+时间”为固定搭配，表示“比……早多长时间”，故填by。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：毕昇的泥字印刷系统比德国印刷商约翰内斯·古腾堡的金属印刷机早400年，被公认为人类历史上最早有记录的活字印刷术。主语Bi Sheng’s clay-type system与谓语动词recognize为被动关系，且描述过去的历史事实，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填was recognized。 4．考查名词。句意：在数千英里外的德国美因茨，参观古腾堡博物馆的游客也感受到了类似的历史创新感。形容词historic后接名词，innovate的名词形式为innovation意为“创新”，此处表抽象概念，用单数，作宾语。故填innovation。 5．考查动词时态。句意：尽管古腾堡15 世纪的金属活字印刷机闻名遐迩，彻底革新了欧洲，但美因茨古腾堡博物馆馆长乌尔夫・索尔特承认，存在一位更早的先驱。根据主语“Gutenberg’s 15th-century metal type printing press”可知，此处描述过去发生的事，谓语动词revolutionize用一般过去时。故填revolutionized。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：尽管古腾堡15 世纪的金属活字印刷机闻名遐迩，彻底革新了欧洲，但美因茨古腾堡博物馆馆长乌尔夫・索尔特承认，存在一位更早的先驱。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词pioneer，根据语境，毕昇比古腾堡更早，用early的比较级earlier。故填earlier。 7．考查冠词。句意：索尔特说：“毕（昇）和古腾堡的发明在概念上相似 —— 即把独立的作品分解成单个组件 —— 但毕（昇）远比古腾堡早提出这一想法。”结合语境可知，此处特指“分解个体作品为单个组件”的想法，用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 8．考查形容词。句意：对施罗德特来说，在向毕昇活字印刷的非物质文化传承人王魁（音译）学习了一个下午后，这种传承工作极具价值。系动词is后接形容词作表语，value的形容词形式为valuable意为“有价值的”符合句意。故填valuable。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：王（魁）致力于保护毕昇的遗产，这有着至关重要的意义：它确保人类不会陷入这样的境地 —— 我们拥有星际旅行的技术，但若一旦失传却无法重建，仅仅因为无人知晓如何操作。固定搭配“dedication to doing sth.”中，to为介词，后接动名词形式。故填preserving。 10．考查定语从句。句意：王（魁）致力于保护毕昇的遗产，这有着至关重要的意义：它确保人类不会陷入这样的境地 —— 我们拥有星际旅行的技术，但若一旦失传却无法重建，仅仅因为无人知晓如何操作。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为point，表抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 Passage 2 （2025·四川成都·二模）阅读下面材料，根据上下文在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The animated film Ne Zha 2, 1 (release) on January 29,2025, has become a huge success in the film industry. Directed by Jiaozi, it continues the exciting story of Ne Zha and Ao Bing from the first movie. After 2 (survive) a terrible disaster called the ”Heavenly Tribulation“, Ne Zha and Ao Bing lost their physical bodies. Their souls were in great danger until Taiyi Zhenren, 3 wise immortal from Chinese mythology, 4 (save) them using a magical seven-colored lotus. However, peace did not last long. Their souls began to disappear again, forcing Taiyi to face a difficult task—rebuilding their bodies 5 limited materials while solving unexpected problems. The film shows remarkable character 6 (grow) . Ne Zha, once known for his rebellious nature, learns to care deeply for his friends and understand his true self. His friend Ao Bing, who used to struggle with personal troubles, transforms into a brave warrior. The most 7 (forget) part is the final battle, 8 characters use amazing weapons like the shape-changing Tianyuan Ding. The fast-paced fighting and brilliant special effects leave a strong impression. 9 the film teaches is courage, justice, and friendship which resonate 10 (wide), contributing to its box office success and critical acclaim. 【答案】 1. released 2. surviving 3. a 4. saved 5. with 6. growth 7. unforgettable 8. where 9. What 10. widely 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了2025年1月29日上映的《哪吒 2》大获成功，讲述哪吒和敖丙灵魂获救后太乙重建其肉身的故事，传递勇义与友谊。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：动画电影《哪吒 2》于2025年1月29日上映，在电影界取得了巨大成功。空处考查非谓语动词，film与release为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填released。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在经历了一场名为“天劫”的可怕灾难后，哪吒和敖丙失去了肉身。after为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填surviving。 3. 考查冠词。句意：他们的灵魂处于极大的危险之中，直到中国神话中一位睿智的仙人太乙真人用一朵神奇的七彩莲花救了他们。immortal为可数名词，此处表泛指“一位睿智的仙人”，所以此空应填不定冠词，且wise以辅音音素开头。故填a。 4. 考查时态。句意：他们的灵魂处于极大的危险之中，直到中国神话中一位睿智的仙人太乙真人用一朵神奇的七彩莲花救了他们。这里考查谓语动词，主语Taiyi Zhenren与save为主动关系，且此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故填saved。 5. 考查介词。句意：他们的灵魂再次开始消散，迫使太乙面对一项艰巨的任务 —— 用有限的材料重建他们的身体，同时解决意想不到的问题。这里应填介词with，在此处表示“用（某种材料或工具）”，符合语境。故填with。 6. 考查名词。句意：这部电影展现了显著的角色成长。show后接名词作宾语，grow的名词形式为growth，表“成长”时为不可数名词。故填growth。 7. 考查形容词。句意：最令人难忘的部分是最后的战斗，角色们使用了像可变形的天元鼎这样的惊人武器。空处作定语修饰part，结合语境可知，此处指“令人难忘的”，用形容词unforgettable。故填unforgettable。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：最令人难忘的部分是最后的战斗，角色们使用了像可变形的天元鼎这样的惊人武器。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the final battle，表抽象地点，且在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 9. 考查主语从句。句意：这部电影所传达的是勇气、正义和友谊，这些主题引起了广泛的共鸣，促成了它的票房成功和口碑好评。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作teaches的宾语，指“…… 的内容”，用连接代词what引导，且句首时首字母应大写。故填What。 10. 考查副词。句意：这部电影所传达的是勇气、正义和友谊，这些主题引起了广泛的共鸣，促成了它的票房成功和口碑好评。空处修饰动词resonate，应用副词widely，表“广泛的”。故填widely。 Passage 3 （2025·河南·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When speaking about AI and its role in “literary creation” during a recent event 1 (hold) by the China Writers Association, a famous writer said that without a genuine “individual” and “self-awareness”, it is impossible for AI 2 (produce) works that truly resonate (共鸣) with people’s hearts. His remarks renewed discussions about the quality of AI-generated literary works 3 how AI can bring new opportunities to writers, helping expand the boundaries of creative 4 (inspire). Literary creation cannot be separated from life. Choosing to engage in literary creation 5 (mean) choosing to reach people’s souls through language. “It is not just a skill but also a reflection of the 6 (writer) character and vision,” the 90-year-old writer noted on Monday while 7 (encourage) young writers to be bold in their originality and create works that truly belong to them. A Chinese poet thinks that true literary creation is rooted in personal experiences, unique emotions, and individuality, 8 AI cannot copy exactly. The poet acknowledges the advancements of AI in recent years, particularly in generating text and poetry. He views AI 9 a powerful tool for research and information collection as AI can analyze and synthesize vast amounts of online content. Despite AI’s capabilities, the poet does not feel threatened as a poet. “AI lacks the ability to 10 (authentic) express deep, personal feelings or craft narratives with a unique perspective,” said the poet. 【答案】 1. held 2. to produce 3. and 4. inspiration 5. means 6. writer’s 7. encouraging 8. which 9. as 10. authentically 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕人工智能在文学创作中的作用展开讨论，通过引用著名作家和诗人的观点，对人工智能能否进行真正的文学创作进行了分析和论证。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在最近由中国作家协会举办的一次活动中，一位著名作家在谈到人工智能及其在“文学创作”中的作用时表示，没有真正的“个体”和“自我意识”，人工智能不可能创作出真正能引起人们心灵共鸣的作品。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词event，event和hold之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词作后置定语来修饰event。故填held。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在最近由中国作家协会举办的一次活动中，一位著名作家在谈到人工智能及其在“文学创作”中的作用时表示，没有真正的“个体”和“自我意识”，人工智能不可能创作出真正能引起人们心灵共鸣的作品。“it is + 形容词 + for sb/sth + to do sth”是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 故填to produce。 3. 考查连词。句意：他的言论重新引发了关于人工智能生成的文学作品质量以及人工智能如何为作家带来新机遇、帮助拓展创作灵感边界的讨论。the quality of AI - generated literary works和how AI can bring new opportunities to writers是并列关系，应该用连词and连接。故填and。 4. 考查名词。句意：他的言论重新引发了关于人工智能生成的文学作品质量以及人工智能如何为作家带来新机遇、帮助拓展创作灵感边界的讨论。根据句意和空格前的介词of可知，空格处应该用名词inspiration作宾语。故填inspiration。 5. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：选择从事文学创作意味着选择通过语言触及人们的灵魂。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，动名词短语Choosing to engage in literary creation作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 6. 考查名词所有格。句意：这位90岁的作家周一指出，“这不仅仅是一种技巧，也是对作家品格和视野的一种反映”，同时鼓励年轻作家大胆创新，创作出真正属于他们自己的作品。根据句意和空格后的名词短语character and vision可知，这里表示“作家的品格和视野”，需要用名词所有格来表示所属关系。故填writer’s。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这位90岁的作家周一指出，“这不仅仅是一种技巧，也是对作家品格和视野的一种反映”，同时鼓励年轻作家大胆创新，创作出真正属于他们自己的作品。空处应填非谓语动词和while构成时间状语，encourage和逻辑主语writer是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填encouraging。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：一位中国诗人认为，真正的文学创作植根于个人经历、独特情感和个性，而这些是人工智能无法精确复制的。　　　 AI cannot copy exactly是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰前面句子的内容，关系代词在从句中作宾语，指物，所以用which引导。故填which。 9. 考查介词。句意：他将人工智能视为一种强大的研究和信息收集工具，因为人工智能可以分析和综合大量的在线内容。view...as...是固定短语，意为“把……视为……”。故填as。 10. 考查副词。句意：这位诗人说：“人工智能缺乏以真实的方式表达深刻的个人情感或从独特视角构思叙事的能力。”express是动词，需要用副词来修饰，authentic是形容词，其副词形式是authentically。故填authentically。 Passage 4 （2025·湖北襄阳·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Ru Kiln (汝窑) was one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty. Even today, it is believed 1 (hold) a crucial position in Chinese porcelain (瓷器) culture. Located in Ruzhou, Henan Province, it dedicated its production mainly to the royal court during the late Northern Song Dynasty when the demand for high-quality porcelain among the noble was 2 its peak. During the firing process, small pointed pieces of metal, which are arranged to support the precisely 3 (craft) porcelain, leave tiny marks on the bottom and play an important role in fully glazing (上釉) the porcelain body. The glaze, 4 color and texture are unique to Ru porcelain, is its most remarkable feature. Additionally, the porcelain body features delicate “crab claw patterns” cracks, which are 5 unusual and eye-catching characteristic. What causes these cracks is 6 the expansion rates between the glaze and the porcelain body vary as the temperature changes during the cooling process and they 7 (become) an intensely attractive part of the porcelain’s charm for generations. In 2001, the Ru Kiln site, where numerous precious porcelain-making 8 (remain) were unearthed, became a National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit. In 2011, its firing technique, passed down with great care, was added to the list of National Intangible Cultural Heritage, showing its great value in Chinese culture. These recognitions 9 (effective) demonstrate the Ru Kiln’s profound significance, with its existence 10 (function) as a living testament to China’s extensive porcelain-making heritage. 【答案】 1. to hold 2. at 3. crafted 4. whose 5. an 6. that 7. have become 8. remains 9. effectively 10. functioning 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了宋代五大名窑之一的汝窑。 1. 考查不定式。句意：即使在今天，它也被认为在中国瓷器文化中占有至关重要的地位。sb. is believed to do sth.是固定短语，意为“某人被认为做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to hold。故填to hold。 2. 考查介词。句意：它位于河南省汝州，在北宋晚期，贵族对高品质瓷器的需求达到顶峰，主要为皇室生产。at its peak意为“达到巅峰”，因此空格处用介词at，故填at。 3. 考查形容词。句意：在烧制过程中，用来支撑精确制作的瓷器的小尖金属片会在底部留下微小的痕迹，并在瓷体上釉方面发挥重要作用。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词porcelain，空格处意为“精心制作的”，用crafted，故填crafted。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：釉的颜色和质地是汝瓷所特有的，是其最显著的特点。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，The glaze和color and texture之间是所属关系，因此用表所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 5. 考查冠词。句意：此外，瓷体上还有精致的“蟹爪纹”裂纹，这是一个不寻常的、引人注目的特征。characteristic是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，unusual是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。 6. 考查表语从句。句意：造成这些裂纹的原因是在冷却过程中，随着温度的变化，釉面和瓷体之间的膨胀率也会发生变化，它们已经成为一代又一代瓷器魅力中极具吸引力的一部分。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导表语从句，故填that。 7. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：造成这些裂纹的原因是在冷却过程中，随着温度的变化，釉面和瓷体之间的膨胀率也会发生变化，它们已经成为一代又一代瓷器魅力中极具吸引力的一部分。根据语境可知，句子表示“它们已经成为一代又一代瓷器魅力中极具吸引力的一部分”，句子用现在完成时，主语they是复数，因此空格处是have become。故填have become。 8. 考查名词的复数。句意：2001年，汝窑遗址成为全国重点文物保护单位，出土了大量珍贵的瓷器制作遗迹。根据“were”，空格处意为“遗址”，要用复数remains作主语。故填remains。 9. 考查副词。句意：这些认可有效地证明了汝窑的深远意义，它的存在是中国广泛的瓷器制作遗产的活证明。空格处用副词effectively修饰动词demonstrate，effectively意为“有效地”，故填effectively。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些认可有效地证明了汝窑的深远意义，它的存在是中国广泛的瓷器制作遗产的活证明。此处是with复合结构，existence和function之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作宾语补足语，故填functioning。 Passage 5 （2025·江苏苏州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People in the UK are being urged to keep rare plants in their living rooms or gardens to help create a “national collection”, which can save pollinator-friendly (利于传粉者的) plants from 1 (extinct). A national plant collection can include a number of well-tended plants, many of 2 are suitable for domestic gardens. Though some collections 3 (house) at locations such as Kew Gardens, many are kept in the back gardens of amateur enthusiasts. Plant Heritage, a charity that works to create and develop the collections, 4 (run) a “missing genera” campaign since 2016, where it lists plants that are not a collection and are 5 risk of dying out. This year the plants are all pollinator-friendly. Since the campaign began, 12 national collections have been set up. There are 700 collections in total, 6 (find) all over the UK, Ireland and the Channel Islands. These “living libraries” contain 7 estimated 95,000 garden plants. According to a business manager at Plant Heritage, people don’t 8 (necessary) need lots of space in order to help. All that is needed is a passion for plants and eagerness 9 (learn) about the plant group in the chosen collection. Though the plants are mostly not native, it is still important to protect them, particularly because, as the climate changes, a diversity of plants is needed for pollinators 10 to store carbon. Some plants may even help for medical purposes and people never know quite what they might be good for. 【答案】 1. extinction 2. which 3. are housed 4. has been running 5. at 6. found 7. an 8. necessarily 9. to learn 10. and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。英国呼吁民众在室内或花园种植稀有植物以建立“国家收藏”，相关慈善机构发起活动，这些植物有多样益处。 1. 考查名词。句意：英国民众被呼吁将珍稀植物摆放在自家客厅或花园里，以共同打造一个“全国性的植物收藏”，从而保护那些对传粉昆虫有益的植物免于灭绝。空处应填名词作宾语，extinct的名词形式为extinction，且为不可数名词。故填extinction。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：一个国家性的植物收藏品可以包含众多精心养护的植物，其中许多植物都非常适合用于家庭花园。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为plants，指物，且在从句中作介词of的宾语，构成“介词+关系代词”结构的非限制性定语从句，应用关系代词which。故填which。 3. 考查时态语态。句意：虽然有些藏品存放在诸如邱园这样的地方，但大多数藏品则存放在业余爱好者们的后院里。空处是从句的谓语动词，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语collections与house“存放”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are housed。 4. 考查时态。句意：“植物遗产”是一个致力于创建和开发植物收藏的慈善组织，自2016年以来，该组织一直在开展一项名为“缺失属”的活动，该活动列出了那些不属于现有收藏体系且面临灭绝风险的植物种类。根据时间状语since 2016可知，用现在完成时，“一直在开展活动”强调持续进行，用现在完成进行时，主语为a charity，助动词用has。故填has been running。 5. 考查介词。句意：“植物遗产”是一个致力于创建和开发植物收藏的慈善组织，自2016年以来，该组织一直在开展一项名为“缺失属”的活动，该活动列出了那些不属于现有收藏体系且面临灭绝风险的植物种类。短语at risk of表示“处于……危险或风险之中”。故填at。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：总共有 700 件藏品，分布在英国、爱尔兰以及海峡群岛的各地。空处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰collections，find与collections构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填found。 7. 考查冠词。句意：这些“活体植物库”里大约有95000种园艺植物。estimated以元音音素开头，且此处表示“一个”估计的数量，为泛指，应用不定冠词an，an estimated表示“据估计”，修饰95,000 garden plants。故填an。 8. 考查副词。句意：据“植物遗产”项目的业务经理称，人们不一定需要很大的空间才能提供帮助。修饰动词need用副词necessarily作状语。故填necessarily。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：所需要的就是对植物的热爱以及对所选植物群相关知识的渴望。eagerness to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的渴望”。故填to learn。 10. 考查连词。句意：虽然这些植物大多并非本土物种，但保护它们仍十分重要，尤其是因为随着气候的变化，需要有多种多样的植物来为传粉昆虫提供食物，并起到储存碳的作用。连接for pollinators和to store carbon，表并列关系，用连词and连接，说明植物对传粉者和碳储存的作用。故填and。 15 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S301 动词的时态&语态 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 考点一：一般时 （一）结构与用法表格 时态 结构 用法示例 一般现在时 动词原形 / 第三人称单数 + s The earth moves around the sun.（客观真理） He walks to school daily.（习惯） 一般过去时 动词过去式 She bought a book yesterday.（过去动作） They used to live here.（过去习惯） 一般将来时 will/shall+V 原 be going to+V 原 We will have a party next week.（计划） It is going to rain.（迹象） 过去将来时 would+V 原 was/were going to+V 原 He said he would call me.（宾语从句） They were going to leave.（过去计划） （二）语法点详解 1. 一般现在时 例句： 时刻表：The train departs at 6:30 am.（火车早上 6:30 发车。） 状语从句：If he arrives early, he can help set up.（如果他早到，能帮忙布置。） 拓展：表示 “按计划发生” 的动词还包括 arrive, leave, start 等，如：The concert begins at 7 pm.（音乐会晚 7 点开始。） 2. 一般过去时 例句： 过去状态：She was happy yesterday.（她昨天很开心。） 过去习惯：He often played football as a child.（他小时候常踢足球。） 拓展：used to do 与 would do 的区别： used to do 强调 “过去常做现在不做”，如：He used to smoke.（他过去抽烟。） would do 仅表过去习惯，如：He would smoke after meals.（他过去饭后常抽烟。） 3. 一般将来时 例句： be to+V 原（计划 / 命令）：The meeting is to be held next Monday.（会议定于下周一召开。） be about to+V 原（即将）：The game is about to start.（比赛即将开始。） 拓展：“be on the point of+doing” 也表 “即将”，如：He was on the point of leaving.（他正要离开。） 4. 过去将来时 例句： was/were to+V 原：She said the project was to be finished in a week.（她说项目一周后完成。） 过去进行时表将来（限于 go, come 等）：He said he was coming soon.（他说马上来。） （三）对点练习 1. The local museum usually ______ (open) its doors to visitors at 9 am on weekends. 2. They ______ (not attend) the charity event last night due to the heavy rain. 3. According to the schedule, the international flight ______ (take off) at 11:45 pm sharp. 4. If the team ______ (win) the match tomorrow, they will advance to the finals. 考点二：进行时 （一）结构与用法表格 时态 结构 用法示例 现在进行时 am/is/are + 现在分词 She is reading a book now.（此刻动作） We are leaving tomorrow.（将来安排） 过去进行时 was/were + 现在分词 He was studying at 8 pm yesterday.（过去某时动作） They were talking when I entered.（背景动作） 将来进行时 will be + 现在分词 At 3 pm tomorrow, I will be having a class.（将来某时动作） 现在完成进行时 have/has been + 现在分词 They have been waiting for 2 hours.（持续到现在） （二）语法点详解 1. 现在进行时 例句： 现阶段动作（非此刻）：He is preparing for the exam this month.（他本月在备考。） 频度副词 + 现在进行时（表感情色彩）：She is always helping others.（她总是帮助别人。） 拓展：不用于进行时的动词： 感官动词（see, hear）、心理动词（like, know），如：I like this book.（√） I'm liking this book.（×） 2. 过去进行时 例句： 两个过去进行时同时发生：While he was reading, she was writing.（他读书时她在写作。） 过去反复动作（与 always 连用）：He was always complaining.（他过去总抱怨。） 3. 将来进行时 例句： 礼貌询问：Will you be working tomorrow?（你明天会在工作吗？） 客观安排：The team will be training at 4 pm.（球队下午 4 点训练。） 4. 现在完成进行时 例句： 持续且未结束：She has been waiting since 9 am.（她从 9 点等到现在。） 重复动作：He has been calling her all day.（他整天一直给她打电话。） （三）对点练习 5. Listen closely! The choir ______ (sing) a beautiful hymn in the church. 6. They ______ (build) the new stadium when the mayor visited the site last month. 7. This time next week, the team ______ (participate) in the international sports event. 8. The students ______ (review) the math concepts since this morning without a break. 考点三：完成时 （一）结构与用法表格 时态 结构 用法示例 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 He has finished the work.（过去对现在的影响） They have lived here for 10 years.（持续到现在） 过去完成时 had + 过去分词 By last year, he had learned 3 languages.（过去的过去） I had intended to call you.（未实现计划） 将来完成时 will have + 过去分词 By next month, I will have graduated.（将来某时已完成） （二）语法点详解 1. 现在完成时 例句： 重复经历：I have seen the movie three times.（这部电影我看过三次。） 时间状语：just, already, yet, ever, never 例：Have you ever been to Paris?（你去过巴黎吗？） 拓展：“It is the first time + 现在完成时”，如：It is the first time I have eaten sushi.（这是我第一次吃寿司。） 2. 过去完成时 例句： 宾语从句（主句过去时）：He said he had seen the film.（他说看过那部电影。） 固定句型：hardly...when...（一…… 就……） 例：Hardly had I arrived when it rained.（我刚到就下雨了。） 3. 将来完成时 例句： 与 by + 将来时间连用：By 2025, I will have worked here for 5 years.（到 2025 年，我将在此工作 5 年。） 与 before + 从句连用：I will have left before you arrive.（你到之前我已离开。） （三）对点练习 9. The company ______ (launch) three new products in the market since the beginning of this year. 10. By the end of last semester, the students ______ (learn) all the core grammar points. 11. By the time she retires next year, she ______ (work) in the education sector for 35 years. 12. The project ______ (not complete) yet due to unexpected technical issues. 考点四：被动语态 （一）结构与用法表格 时态 被动结构 用法示例 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 The room is cleaned daily.（房间每天打扫。） 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The car was repaired yesterday.（车昨天修了。） 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 The task will be finished tomorrow.（任务明天完成。） 现在进行时 am/is/are being + 过去分词 The house is being painted now.（房子正在粉刷。） 过去进行时 was/were being + 过去分词 The bridge was being built when I arrived.（我到时常桥在修建。） 现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词 The book has been translated into 10 languages.（书已译成 10 种语言。） （二）语法点详解 1. 主动表被动的情况 例句： 感官动词 + 形容词：The food tastes delicious.（食物尝起来美味。） 不及物动词 + 副词：The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔书写流畅。） 值得做：The book is worth reading.（这本书值得读。） 2. 不能用被动的动词 例句： 发生：happen, occur, take place 例：The accident happened yesterday.（事故昨天发生。） 属于：belong to 例：The book belongs to me.（书是我的。） （三）对点练习 13. The famous painting ______ (display) in the art gallery for a limited time next month. 14. The ancient castle ______ (restore) by historians and architects over the past decade. 15. The documents ______ (print) in the office when the power suddenly went out. 16. The problem ______ (discuss) at the board meeting yesterday afternoon. 五、易混时态对比（拓展） 1. 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 时态 区别 例句对比 一般过去时 与现在无关的过去动作 He bought a car last year.（他去年买车了。） 现在完成时 过去动作对现在的影响 / 持续到现在 He has bought a car, so he goes to work by car.（他买了车，现在开车上班。） 2. 现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时 时态 区别 例句对比 现在完成时 动作已完成或持续到现在 They have painted the room.（房间已粉刷完。） 现在完成进行时 动作持续且可能继续 They have been painting the room for 3 hours.（他们粉刷房间 3 小时了，还在刷。） 一、一般时态的时间逻辑陷阱 难点核心 1. 一般现在时表将来的隐蔽场景： o 时间 / 条件状语从句中（如 when, if 引导的从句），需用一般现在时表将来，而非将来时。 o 例：× If it will rain, we will stay at home. √ If it rains, we will stay at home. 2. 过去将来时的语境判断： o 需从 “过去视角” 判断动作，常见于宾语从句（主句为过去时）。 o 例：He said he will come.（×） He said he would come.（√） 3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的混淆： o 一般过去时强调 “过去动作本身”，现在完成时强调 “对现在的影响”。 o 例：He lived here.（过去住过，现在不住） He has lived here.（现在仍住） 二、进行时态的持续性争议 难点核心 1. 现在完成进行时 vs 现在完成时： o 完成进行时强调 “动作持续且可能继续”，完成时强调 “动作完成或结果”。 o 例：They have been painting the room.（还在刷） They have painted the room.（已刷完） 2. 不用于进行时的动词类型： o 静态动词（如 have, know, like）、感官动词（see, hear）不可用于进行时。 o 例：× I am having a book. √ I have a book. 3. 将来进行时的礼貌用法： o 用于询问时比一般将来时更委婉，避免命令语气。 o 例：Will you be joining us?（委婉询问） Will you join us?（直接询问） 三、完成时态的时间节点混淆 难点核心 1. 过去完成时的 “过去的过去” 判定： o 需存在两个过去动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。 o 例：× He had left after I arrived. √ He had left before I arrived. 2. 将来完成时的时间状语搭配： o 必须与 “by + 将来时间” 或 “by the time + 从句” 连用。 o 例：× I will have finished. √ I will have finished by tomorrow. 3. 固定句型中的完成时使用： o “It is the first time + 现在完成时”，“It was the first time + 过去完成时”。 o 例：It is the first time I have seen snow.（√） It was the first time I had seen snow.（√） 四、被动语态的结构误用 难点核心 1. 主动表被动的动词识别： o 感官动词（taste, smell）、不及物动词（sell, write）用主动形式表被动含义。 o 例：× The book is sold well. √ The book sells well. 2. 不能用于被动语态的动词： o 发生类（happen, occur）、所属类（belong to）、成本类（cost）无被动。 o 例：× The accident was happened yesterday. √ The accident happened yesterday. 3. 被动语态与时态的结合错误： o 需同时考虑时态和被动结构，如现在完成时的被动为 “have/has been + 过去分词”。 o 例：× The task has been finish. √ The task has been finished. 五、时态语态的综合应用难点 难点核心 1. 复杂语境下的时态选择： o 需结合时间状语、上下文动作先后顺序判断。 o 例：By the time she graduates, she ______ (study) here for 4 years.（答案：will have studied） 2. 被动语态中的时态一致性： o 主句与从句的时态需一致，如过去时的被动语态中 be 动词用 was/were。 o 例：× The letter was written yesterday by him.（√，时态一致） 3. 省略时间状语的时态推断： o 通过上下文动词时态推断，如宾语从句中主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态。 o 例：He said he ______ (go) to the park.（答案：went/would go） 真题速递 1. [2025 年新高考 I 卷] A decent winner always 61._____________ (try) to beat the opponent 62.(by) no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 2. [2024 年全国 I 卷] Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60._____________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 3. [2024 年甲卷] What should 45._____________ (do) with such a beautiful place? 4. [2024 年全国 II 卷] Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 41._____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 5. [2023 年全国乙卷] The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10._____________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 6. [2023 年全国甲卷] Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10._____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 7. [2023 年全国乙卷] Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I 7._____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage（遗产）while constantly growing. 8. [2022 年全国甲卷] In the last five years, Cao 7._____________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. 9. [2022 年新高考 I 卷] The GPNP 5._____________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. 10. [2020 年全国 I 卷]"This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 7._____________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8._____________ (construct)". 名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·江苏苏州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a workshop in Yingshan County, central China, German scholar Fabian Schrodt carefully pressed paper onto inked clay (黏土) blocks, 1 (recreate) an 11th-century invention from ancient China — Bi Sheng’s movable type printing. His hands-on experience at the Bi Sheng Memorial Hall brought to life the ingenuity of the Song Dynasty inventor. Bi Sheng’s clay-type system, which predated (早于) German printer Johannes Gutenberg’s metal press 2 400 years, 3 (recognize) as the earliest recorded movable type printing in human history. Thousands of miles away in Mainz, Germany, visitors to the Gutenberg Museum have also encountered a similar sense of historic 4 (innovate). While Gutenberg’s 15th-century metal type printing press famously 5 (revolutionize) Europe, Ulf Sölter, director of Mainz’s Gutenberg Museum, acknowledges an 6 (early) pioneer. “Bi and Gutenberg’s inventions were conceptually similar — namely, breaking down individual works into their individual components — but Bi came up with 7 idea long before Gutenberg,” said Sölter. For Schrodt, who spent an afternoon learning from Wang Kui — an intangible cultural inheritor of Bi’s movable type printing — such preservation is extremely 8 (value). “Technological advancements can lead to a degradation (退化) of collective knowledge,” Schrodt noted. “Wang’s dedication to 9 (preserve) Bi’s legacy serves a crucial purpose: ensuring that humanity does not reach a point 10 we possess the technology for interstellar travel but cannot rebuild it once lost, simply because no one knows how.” Passage 2 （2025·四川成都·二模）阅读下面材料，根据上下文在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The animated film Ne Zha 2, 1 (release) on January 29,2025, has become a huge success in the film industry. Directed by Jiaozi, it continues the exciting story of Ne Zha and Ao Bing from the first movie. After 2 (survive) a terrible disaster called the ”Heavenly Tribulation“, Ne Zha and Ao Bing lost their physical bodies. Their souls were in great danger until Taiyi Zhenren, 3 wise immortal from Chinese mythology, 4 (save) them using a magical seven-colored lotus. However, peace did not last long. Their souls began to disappear again, forcing Taiyi to face a difficult task—rebuilding their bodies 5 limited materials while solving unexpected problems. The film shows remarkable character 6 (grow) . Ne Zha, once known for his rebellious nature, learns to care deeply for his friends and understand his true self. His friend Ao Bing, who used to struggle with personal troubles, transforms into a brave warrior. The most 7 (forget) part is the final battle, 8 characters use amazing weapons like the shape-changing Tianyuan Ding. The fast-paced fighting and brilliant special effects leave a strong impression. 9 the film teaches is courage, justice, and friendship which resonate 10 (wide), contributing to its box office success and critical acclaim. Passage 3 （2025·河南·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When speaking about AI and its role in “literary creation” during a recent event 1 (hold) by the China Writers Association, a famous writer said that without a genuine “individual” and “self-awareness”, it is impossible for AI 2 (produce) works that truly resonate (共鸣) with people’s hearts. His remarks renewed discussions about the quality of AI-generated literary works 3 how AI can bring new opportunities to writers, helping expand the boundaries of creative 4 (inspire). Literary creation cannot be separated from life. Choosing to engage in literary creation 5 (mean) choosing to reach people’s souls through language. “It is not just a skill but also a reflection of the 6 (writer) character and vision,” the 90-year-old writer noted on Monday while 7 (encourage) young writers to be bold in their originality and create works that truly belong to them. A Chinese poet thinks that true literary creation is rooted in personal experiences, unique emotions, and individuality, 8 AI cannot copy exactly. The poet acknowledges the advancements of AI in recent years, particularly in generating text and poetry. He views AI 9 a powerful tool for research and information collection as AI can analyze and synthesize vast amounts of online content. Despite AI’s capabilities, the poet does not feel threatened as a poet. “AI lacks the ability to 10 (authentic) express deep, personal feelings or craft narratives with a unique perspective,” said the poet. Passage 4 （2025·湖北襄阳·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Ru Kiln (汝窑) was one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty. Even today, it is believed 1 (hold) a crucial position in Chinese porcelain (瓷器) culture. Located in Ruzhou, Henan Province, it dedicated its production mainly to the royal court during the late Northern Song Dynasty when the demand for high-quality porcelain among the noble was 2 its peak. During the firing process, small pointed pieces of metal, which are arranged to support the precisely 3 (craft) porcelain, leave tiny marks on the bottom and play an important role in fully glazing (上釉) the porcelain body. The glaze, 4 color and texture are unique to Ru porcelain, is its most remarkable feature. Additionally, the porcelain body features delicate “crab claw patterns” cracks, which are 5 unusual and eye-catching characteristic. What causes these cracks is 6 the expansion rates between the glaze and the porcelain body vary as the temperature changes during the cooling process and they 7 (become) an intensely attractive part of the porcelain’s charm for generations. In 2001, the Ru Kiln site, where numerous precious porcelain-making 8 (remain) were unearthed, became a National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit. In 2011, its firing technique, passed down with great care, was added to the list of National Intangible Cultural Heritage, showing its great value in Chinese culture. These recognitions 9 (effective) demonstrate the Ru Kiln’s profound significance, with its existence 10 (function) as a living testament to China’s extensive porcelain-making heritage. Passage 5 （2025·江苏苏州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People in the UK are being urged to keep rare plants in their living rooms or gardens to help create a “national collection”, which can save pollinator-friendly (利于传粉者的) plants from 1 (extinct). A national plant collection can include a number of well-tended plants, many of 2 are suitable for domestic gardens. Though some collections 3 (house) at locations such as Kew Gardens, many are kept in the back gardens of amateur enthusiasts. Plant Heritage, a charity that works to create and develop the collections, 4 (run) a “missing genera” campaign since 2016, where it lists plants that are not a collection and are 5 risk of dying out. This year the plants are all pollinator-friendly. Since the campaign began, 12 national collections have been set up. There are 700 collections in total, 6 (find) all over the UK, Ireland and the Channel Islands. These “living libraries” contain 7 estimated 95,000 garden plants. According to a business manager at Plant Heritage, people don’t 8 (necessary) need lots of space in order to help. All that is needed is a passion for plants and eagerness 9 (learn) about the plant group in the chosen collection. Though the plants are mostly not native, it is still important to protect them, particularly because, as the climate changes, a diversity of plants is needed for pollinators 10 to store carbon. Some plants may even help for medical purposes and people never know quite what they might be good for. 14 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$