第03讲 Unit 1 Water 单元主题阅读精讲精练-【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（沪教版五四制2024）

第03讲 Unit1 Water 单元主题阅读精讲精练 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：7大核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、水的生态 (Water Ecology) 1. Evaporation (n. 蒸发) - 搭配：water evaporation, evaporation rate - 词性转换：evaporate (v.), evaporative (adj.) - 近义词：vaporization - 例句：Sunlight causes evaporation of water from oceans. - 拓展：水蒸气（water vapor）是蒸发的结果。 2. Habitat (n. 栖息地) - 搭配：aquatic habitat, protect habitats - 词性转换：habitation (n.) - 近义词：ecosystem, environment - 例句：Wetlands are important habitats for birds and fish. 3. Water Cycle (n. 水循环) - 搭配：stages of the water cycle - 词性转换：cycle (v./n.) - 近义词：hydrological cycle - 例句：Rain and snow are part of the water cycle. 4. Nutrient (n. 养分) - 搭配：nutrient pollution, absorb nutrients - 词性转换：nutritious (adj.) - 近义词：mineral, nourishment - 例句：Plants in rivers need nutrients to grow. 5. Algae (n. 藻类) - 搭配：harmful algae bloom - 词性转换：algal (adj.) - 近义词：phytoplankton (浮游植物) - 例句：Too many algae can make water dirty. 二、水的重要性 (Water Importance) 1. Essential (adj. 必要的) - 搭配：essential for life - 词性转换：essence (n.), essentially (adv.) - 近义词：vital, crucial - 例句：Water is essential for all living things. 2. Hydration (n. 补水) - 搭配：stay hydrated - 词性转换：hydrate (v.), hydrated (adj.) - 近义词：moisturizing - 例句：Drinking water helps with hydration. 3. Agriculture (n. 农业) - 搭配：agricultural water use - 词性转换：agricultural (adj.) - 近义词：farming - 例句：Agriculture uses 70% of the world's freshwater. 4. Sanitation (n. 卫生设施) - 搭配：improve sanitation - 词性转换：sanitize (v.) - 近义词：hygiene - 例句：Clean water is key to good sanitation. 5. Livelihood (n. 生计) - 搭配：depend on water for livelihood - 词性转换：live (v.) - 近义词：income source - 例句：Many fishermen rely on rivers for their livelihood. 三、水资源现状 (Water Status) 1. Scarcity (n. 短缺) - 搭配：water scarcity - 词性转换：scarce (adj.) - 近义词：shortage, lack - 例句：Some African countries face severe water scarcity. 2. Pollution (n. 污染) - 搭配：water pollution, plastic pollution - 词性转换：pollute (v.), polluted (adj.) - 近义词：contamination - 例句：Factory waste causes river pollution. 3. Drought (n. 干旱) - 搭配：severe drought - 词性转换：drought-stricken (adj.) - 近义词：dry spell - 例句：Droughts make farming difficult. 4. Overuse (n. 过度使用) - 搭配：overuse of resources - 词性转换：overuse (v.) - 近义词：waste, misuse - 例句：Overuse of groundwater lowers water tables. 5. Contaminate (v. 污染) - 搭配：contaminated water - 词性转换：contamination (n.) - 近义词：pollute - 例句：Chemicals from factories can contaminate lakes. 四、水资源保护 (Water Conservation) 1. Conserve (v. 节约) - 搭配：conserve water, conservation efforts - 词性转换：conservation (n.), conservative (adj.) - 近义词：save, preserve - 例句：We should conserve water by fixing leaky taps. 2. Sustainable (adj. 可持续的) - 搭配：sustainable use - 词性转换：sustainably (adv.), sustainability (n.) - 近义词：eco-friendly - 例句：Sustainable farming protects water resources. 3. Recycle (v. 循环利用) - 搭配：recycle wastewater - 词性转换：recycling (n.), recyclable (adj.) - 近义词：reuse - 例句：Some cities recycle water for watering plants. 4. Restore (v. 修复) - 搭配：restore ecosystems - 词性转换：restoration (n.) - 近义词：rehabilitate - 例句：Volunteers planted trees to restore the riverbank. 5. Awareness (n. 意识) - 搭配：raise awareness - 词性转换：aware (adj.) - 近义词：consciousness - 例句：Schools teach water awareness to students. 五、海洋河流现状与保护 (Oceans & Rivers) 1. Coral Reef (n. 珊瑚礁) - 搭配：protect coral reefs - 词性转换：reef (n.) - 近义词：marine ecosystem - 例句：Coral reefs are damaged by pollution. 2. Overfishing (n. 过度捕捞) - 搭配：stop overfishing - 词性转换：overfish (v.) - 近义词：depletion of fish - 例句：Overfishing threatens ocean biodiversity. 3. Ecosystem (n. 生态系统) - 搭配：marine ecosystem - 词性转换：ecological (adj.) - 近义词：environment - 例句：Rivers support a complex ecosystem. 4. Plastic Waste (n. 塑料垃圾) - 搭配：reduce plastic waste - 词性转换：waste (n./v.) - 近义词：garbage, debris - 例句：Plastic waste harms sea turtles. 5. Conservation Area (n. 保护区) - 搭配：establish conservation areas - 词性转换：conserve (v.) - 近义词：protected zone - 例句：This bay is a conservation area for dolphins. I. 单项选择（每题1.5分，共12题） 1. "______ from farms washes into rivers and causes algae to grow too fast." A. Evaporation B. Sanitation C. Nutrient D. Livelihood 2. "We should ______ plastic waste to protect sea turtles." A. contaminate B. overfish C. reduce D. evaporate 3. "During a ______, people have to walk miles to find water." A. water cycle B. algae bloom C. drought D. habitat 4. "The government set up a ______ to protect dolphins." A. contamination B. conservation area C. overuse D. livelihood 5. "______ water can make people sick because of chemicals." A. Essential B. Hydrated C. Scarce D. Contaminated 6. "The ______ includes rain, evaporation, and cloud formation." A. ecosystem B. water cycle C. agriculture D. drought 7. "To solve water scarcity, we need ______ practices in farming." A. overused B. sustainable C. contaminated D. evaporative 8. "Fish cannot survive if their ______ is destroyed by pollution." A. evaporation B. habitat C. algae D. nutrient II. 用单词适当形式填空（每题2分，共10题） 9. The river is so ______ that no fish can live in it. (pollute) 10. ______ of underground water is a serious problem in many cities. (overuse) 11. We must take action to ______ damaged coral reefs. (restoration) 12. After the ______, the farmers lost all their crops. (drought) 13. Sunlight ______ water from the ocean every day. (evaporation) 14. The lake water is full of ______, which makes it look green. (algae) 15. People in the village ______ on fishing for their ______. (live, livelihood) III. 综合填空（每空2分，共8空） The Ocean Protection Challenge (1) ______ (plastic) waste in the ocean kills over 100,000 sea animals yearly. To stop this, we must: - Reduce (2) ______ (overuse) of single-use plastics. - (3) ______ (recycle) bottles and bags properly. - Establish more marine (4) ______ (conserve) areas. - (5) ______ (aware) campaigns to teach the public. If we act now, ocean (6) ______ (ecosystem) can be (7) ______ (restoration). 知识导图记忆 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 World Water Day 2025 World Water Day happens every year on March 22nd. It 1 a day to think about our most important natural resource, water. We learn to save water and we learn about 2 water problems in some countries. Climate change is making it harder for some places to get enough water. Some countries are having more droughts. A drought is a disaster (灾难) where there is no rain for a long time, so plants, animals and people may die. The groundwater 3 very important at this time. Other countries are having more floods. A flood is a disaster where there is too 4 rain. The theme for World Water Day 2025 is “Glacier Preservation”. 5 know why we need to protect glaciers? Glaciers are huge blocks of ice in mountains and polar areas. They hold about 60% of the world’s fresh water! It is important for us to look after them and stop them from melting (融化). They help to get 6 fresh water from them. On World Water Day, adults and children across the world think about 7 importance of water. Water is very important to all life because humans, animals and plants would 8 without it. We need water to drink and we also need it 9 our bodies and clothes clean. Moreover, fresh water 10 by farmers to grow the food we eat every day. 1．A．am B．is C．are D．be 2．A．how does climate change cause B．how climate change causes C．how did climate change cause D．how climate change caused 3．A．becomes B．become C．became D．will become 4．A．many B．few C．much D．little 5．A．Are you B．You are C．Do you D．You do 6．A．lots of B．a lot C．a lots of D．lot of 7．A．a B．an C．/ D．the 8．A．die B．to die C．dies D．dying 9．A．give B．to give C．keep D．to keep 10．A．used B．uses C．is used D．was used 二、阅读理解 Researchers said they had found out that there was once an ancient fresh water lake on Mars that might have been able to support life. A team of researchers from the US Curiosity Rover Mission, analyzed (分析) some mudstone and fine-grained sediment (细粒沉积物) which can tell us that there was at least one lake around 3.6 billion years ago. The team said their analysis showed that the lake was calm and likely had fresh water, including key biological elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur (硫磺). Theoretically, such a lake would provide perfect conditions for simple living things. The findings were published in the US Journal Science and presented at the American Geophysical Union’s fall meeting in San Francisco. “It is important to note that we have not found signs of ancient life on Mars. What we have found is that there once existed a lake on its surface which might make it possible for some simple living things to live billions of years ago,” Professor Sanjeev Gupta said in a statement. Gupta described the new research as “a huge positive step” for the exploration of Mars. In previous studies, scientists found evidence of water on Mars’ surface in other rocks. However, the new research provides the strongest evidence yet that Mars could have been habitable enough for life to continue. 1．Researchers have found evidence that an ancient fresh water lake probably existed on ________. A．the Earth B．Venus C．Mars D．the Moon 2．The following biological elements EXCEPT ________ have been found on Mars according to the analysis. A．oxygen B．nitrogen C．hydrogen D．carbon dioxide 3．The underlined word “habitable” in the last paragraph probably means “________” in Chinese. A．可居住的 B．无法生存的 C．习惯的 D．不可能的 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The researchers thought it impossible for a fresh water lake to exist on Mars. B．Gupta thought of the new research as “a huge positive step” for the exploration of Mars. C．Researchers have taken great efforts to find signs of ancient life on Mars. D．The findings about the fresh water lake haven’t been published in the US Journal Science. 5．On which column of a book can you find this passage? A．Science. B．Travelling. C．Life. D．Education. 6．What is the passage mainly about? A．How did the fresh water lake disappear on Mars? B．Ancient life signs found on Mars. C．An ancient fresh water lake on Mars. D．The importance of water. 三、完形填空 The sea covers a greater part of the Earth’s 1 than the land. It is the home of millions of living things. Animals and plants of various shapes, colors and sizes live in the sea. Do you know there is more life in the sea than that on land? The animals and plants of sea are very 2 to man as source of food. If you ever go skin diving (轻装潜水), a beautiful new world will 3 your eyes. In the future you will be hearing more and more about the sea. It is one of the largest remaining places on the Earth which has not been fully explored by man. Today, more and more 4 are exploring the sea. This is because the population of the Earth is increasing so fast that the land alone will not be able to provide 5 food for everyone. The sea is like a huge storehouse. It contains not only food but also many 6 valuable things such as oil. The sea can also provide us with a lot of fresh water in the future. 1．A．place B．surface C．area D．ocean 2．A．important B．interesting C．impossible D．intelligent 3．A．meet B．see C．look D．notice 4．A．workers B．doctors C．scientists D．teachers 5．A．many B．enough C．little D．plenty 6．A．same B．difficult C．rest D．other 四、任务型阅读      Nowadays water pollution is becoming an important problem. We can hear about water pollution from TV sometimes. A report shows that more than one third of the country’s industrial waste water flows directly into rivers and lakes. The water environment in most cities around the country is declining(下降). An official report from the Ministry of Environment Protection(环保总局 ) shows that among the investigated 131 rivers that flow through cities, 36 are severely(严重) polluted, and nearly 60 others polluted. Since the Songhua River benzene(苯) pollution incident in 2005, over 140 pollution cases have been reported. The Yellow River, an important water resource for North China, is suffering from serious pollution. Nearly 40 percent of its mainstream has been severely polluted. And situation is no better for the Huai River, in which the country has invested(投入) most. It is also a severely polluted river.    Water, like the air, is another basic substance(物质) of human life. But the fact is that more and more water is being polluted. The available drinking water is declining. Some factories are only busy developing their factories, without any thought of protecting the environment. They pour the waste water into rivers and oceans as they like. Although sometimes they are forbidden and punished, after that they will continue to do as usual because of money. In brief, it’s time for us to take steps to improve our living environment before it is too late. 1．What flows directly into rivers and lakes according to the first paragraph? 2．How many of the investigated 131 rivers are severely polluted? 3．When did the Songhua River benzene pollution incident take place? 4．Four rivers are mentioned in the passage, aren’t they? 5．Why will the factories continue to pour waste water into rivers? 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Dora was in the bathroom. The tap was on. “Turn that tap off,” said an angry voice. “You’re wasting water. ” Dora looked around, 1 there was no one there. “Who are you?” “I’m a drop of water. Do you know where I come 2 ?” “From the tap(水龙头)?” asked Dora. “A few days ago, I was in a cloud,” said the drop of water. “Then I dropped into a river and ran into a reservoir(水库). Then it 3 time for people to clean me. ” “Clean you?” Dora asked. “Yes. I was dirty. They cleaned me. Then I travelled through the pipes under the streets and now I’m here. ” Dora asked, “So that is the end of your journey?” “No. People will make me 4 again. I’ll go into a river and then into the sea again. ” “Again?” “Yes. My journe starts there. Remember to save and 5 me. ” Dora turned the tap off and came out of the bathroom. 1．A．and B．but C．so D．or 2．A．to B．up C．from D．on 3．A．is B．was C．will be D．to be 4．A．to clean B．cleaning C．clean D．cleans 5．A．don’t to pollute B．not to pollute C．not pollute D．don’t pollute In 1993 the UN decided that March 22nd is the World Water Day. 1 this day every year, countries around the world 2 events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something everyone must have around the world. The human body is 60% of water and we need to drink 3 water to be healthy. We 4 need water for cooking. We have toilets in 5 houses and when we brush our teeth or have a shower, we use the bathroom. Farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants 6 . We are 7 to have clean water 8 we need water, but this is not the case for many people around the world. Do you know the fact that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink? And do you know that 2.5 billion people do not have clean toilets? That’s about 1 in 3 people in the world. If we drink dirty water 9 we can’t wash our hands when we go to the toilet, 10 is easy to catch diseases from the bacteria (细菌) and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhoea (腹泻) from dirty water. In some countries children walk many kilometers every day to get water and 11 the water isn’t even clean! If children spend many hours a day 12 water, they 13 go to school. For World Water Day, some people in the UK walk, run or cycle 10 km, 14 climb mountains or even jump from a plane to the ground. At one school children walk 6 km with 6 liters of water so they can see how it feels to walk a long distance (距离) carrying heavy bottles of water. People give them money for 15 these things and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world. 1．A．at B．in C．on D．from 2．A．hold B．holding C．to hold D．holds 3．A．lot B．a lot C．a lots of D．lots of 4．A．also B．too C．either D．neither 5．A．we B．us C．our D．ours 6．A．to grow B．grows C．growing D．grow 7．A．enough luck B．luck enough C．lucky enough D．enough lucky 8．A．although B．if C．since D．when 9．A．so B．and C．or D．but 10．A．it B．that C．this D．its 11．A．sometime B．sometimes C．some time D．some times 12．A．to get B．getting C．get D．got 13．A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can’t 14．A．other B．the others C．others D．another 15．A．do B．done C．doing D．to do 二、短文填空 综合填空 Water has great importance in Chinese culture. For a long time, water has been given deep meanings to 1 (education) people and rule the country. Confucius (孔子) thought water had many nice qualities. People should learn from it and improve 2 (they). The meanings behind water also made Chinese rulers follow the rules of nature and listen to the voice of people. Believed to be the beginning of all life, water also 3 (give) us life like a gentle mother. It’s impossible for our human beings to live 4 water. However, the way people and water getting along has two sides. In history, floods (洪水) brought big problems to people. Every time floods hit a village, houses fell down and hundreds of people became 5 (home). To solve the problem, Chinese people had always tried their best. For example, Yu, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty, organized his people and 6 (dig) the waterways so that the water could easily go into the sea. Today, the want of more fresh water is another serious problem. Although almost three 7 (quarter) of the earth is covered with water, most of it couldn’t be drunk directly. There are still factories 8 (pollute) rivers and lakes, which makes things even worse. Let’s start 9 it’s too late! I believe if we take action in time, we can 10 (possible) make a difference. I really hope we can live in peace with the environment. 三、阅读理解 Water is the most important resource for all living beings on Earth. It is rightly called the “elixir (灵丹妙药) of life”, as no life can live without it. Although nearly 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, only a small part is fresh and fit for drinking. This makes it essential to save water and use it wisely. Water is needed for many activities in our daily life, such as drinking, cooking, cleaning and farming. Plants, animals and humans all depend on water to live. Farmers need water for growing crops, and industries need water for producing goods. Moreover, water is necessary for keeping us clean and staying healthy. Without water, it is impossible to maintain hygiene (卫生) or prevent diseases. Sadly, water scarcity (短缺) is a growing problem in many parts of the world. Overuse, pollution, and climate change have made clean water harder to find. Many people still lack access to safe drinking water, which affects their health and quality of life. To protect this precious resource, we must avoid wasting water and keep our rivers and lakes clean. Water is life. We must save it for ourselves and for future generations. 1．Why is water called the “elixir of life”? A．It supports all life. B．It creates all wealth. C．It provides all energy. D．It cures many diseases. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a use of water in daily life? A．Drinking. B．Cleaning. C．Farming. D．Transportation. 3．What are the main causes of water scarcity mentioned in the passage? A．Natural disasters and droughts. B．Poor water management systems. C．Overuse, pollution, and climate change. D．Population growth and industrialization. 4．What can we infer about the future of water resources? A．Water will become enough to use. B．Technology will solve all problems. C．More protective measures are needed. D．The situation will improve naturally. 5．Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage? A．Many people still lack access to safe drinking water. B．Water is needed for many activities in our daily life. C．Plants, animals and humans all depend on water to live. D．We should save water for ourselves and future generations. The UN has made two big decisions. It said 2025 would be the Year of Glacier (冰川) Preservation. Also, March 21, 2025, was set as the first World Day for Glaciers. Why? Because glaciers are super important for life on Earth, and the UN wants everyone to help protect them. Glaciers are made of ice and snow. They move slowly across the land. As years go by, layer after layer (层) of snow piles up and becomes glacier ice. Glaciers have changed the shape of mountains and valleys over a long time. They’re still doing this today. When glaciers melt, they give nutrients to lakes, rivers, and oceans. These nutrients are like the building blocks of the food chain in water. They also create homes for lots of plants and animals near streams. What’s more, glaciers are a really important water source. Around 10% of the world’s land has glaciers, and they store about 70% of Earth’s fresh water. But glaciers are in big trouble now. Climate change is making them disappear. In Colombia, for example, 90% of its glaciers have been lost since the mid-19th century. If the temperature keeps going up, glaciers will lose even more mass by 2100. This will mean less water for people to drink and use for farming. It will also put more pressure on local ecosystems and make floods more dangerous. So, it’s really important that we all work together to protect glaciers. 1．Why did the UN set the Year of Glacier Preservation and World Day for Glaciers? A．To encourage people to protect glaciers for the future. B．To attract more people to visit glacier areas. C．To study the structure of glaciers better. D．To show the power of glaciers in shaping the Earth. 2．The underlined word “mass” in the passage probably means ______. A．color B．shape C．height D．weight 3．Which of the following shows the right process of glacier formation? A．Snow piles up → becomes glacier ice → moves slowly across the land. B．Ice forms first → snow piles on it → moves to form glaciers. C．Mountains and valleys appear → glaciers cover them → glaciers melt. D．Water in lakes and rivers freezes → turns into snow → forms glaciers. 4．If we continue to pay no attention to glacier protection, what might happen in 2100 according to the passage? A．People will have more clean water to use. B．The shape of mountains and valleys will never change. C．The food chain in water will be seriously damaged. D．Plants and animals near streams will have more homes. 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．The Magic of Glaciers B．How Glaciers Are Formed C．The Change of Glaciers D．Glaciers and Our Future 四、完形填空 Read the passage and complete the blanks with proper words. (根据短文内容，选择恰当的单词或词组) (Tommy Turtle is swimming slowly in the sea. A young fish, Tina Tuna, is swimming straight at him. She looks scared and is crying loudly.) Tina Tuna: My family, classmates and neighbours are gone. What can I do? Tommy Turtle: What happened? Tina Tuna: This morning, a fishing boat took them away. The boat was very 1 . I can’t even see the sun under it. Tommy Turtle: Oh, no! How did you get away? Tina Tuna: I swam the fastest, so the net didn’t 2 me. Tommy Turtle: That was lucky. From now on, we must watch out for boats more carefully. And I think you can send a 3 to humans for help. Tina Tuna: I can have a try and tell humans about the troubles we have in the sea. Dear humans, I am Tina Tuna, a poor little fish in the ocean. I have something very important to say. My family and friends are in trouble. We need your help right away. Please listen to us. We are dying. Your noisy boats take our family and our friends away. Many are just 4 . They won’t even have a chance to grow up. Also, the water gets dirtier and warmer every day. Stinky (难闻的) oil and wastewater can be found 5 . It is hard for us to breathe. What’s more, there is so much trash in our homes! The colourful trash tricks our friends. They happily eat it, but soon they get 6 and some even die. Our home is in trouble. We can’t wait any longer. We only ask for a chance to live more safely. Please leave some clean places for us and stop killing us. Sincerely, Tina Tuna 1．A．modern B．comfortable C．big D．bright 2．A．freeze B．catch C．reply D．train 3．A．letter B．poster C．book D．photo 4．A．fairies B．kids C．models D．princes 5．A．sometimes B．suddenly C．finally D．everywhere 6．A．sick B．greedy C．angry D．lazy 五、任务型阅读 Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题） Saving the Well Once upon a time, in a vast desert, there was a small village that depended on a single well for water. The well was not only a source of life for the villagers but also for the travelers who passed through the desert. One year, a really bad drought hit the village. The plants died, animals moved away, and the well’s water level started to drop. The villagers grew worried, knowing that they needed the well to live. Among them was a young boy named Amir. He noticed that while everyone was worried, very few were taking action to save the precious water. Amir decided to make a difference. He started by using less water for his daily needs and collected rainwater in pots. He also suggested planting drought-resistant (抗旱) plants around the well to keep the soil wet and reduce water evaporation (蒸发). At first, only a few villagers took him seriously, but as the well’s water even got lower, more started to listen. Amir taught the villagers how to create small basins around the plants to catch more rainwater and how to cover the ground with stones and leaves to reduce evaporation. He also organized teams to clean up around the well and dig small channels to direct any rainwater into the well. As the weeks passed, the villagers noticed a change. The water in the well didn’t go down as much, and the plants around it began to grow well. The efforts to save water paid off, and the village was able to make it through the drought. 1．What happened to the village one year? 2．A lot of villagers took action to save the precious water at the very beginning, didn’t they? 3．Where did Amir collect rainwater at first? 4．When did the villagers start to take Amir’s suggestions seriously? 5．How did Amir and the villagers direct rainwater into the well? 6．What can you learn from the story? 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第03讲 Unit1 Water 单元主题阅读精讲精练 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：7大核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、水的生态 (Water Ecology) 1. Evaporation (n. 蒸发) - 搭配：water evaporation, evaporation rate - 词性转换：evaporate (v.), evaporative (adj.) - 近义词：vaporization - 例句：Sunlight causes evaporation of water from oceans. - 拓展：水蒸气（water vapor）是蒸发的结果。 2. Habitat (n. 栖息地) - 搭配：aquatic habitat, protect habitats - 词性转换：habitation (n.) - 近义词：ecosystem, environment - 例句：Wetlands are important habitats for birds and fish. 3. Water Cycle (n. 水循环) - 搭配：stages of the water cycle - 词性转换：cycle (v./n.) - 近义词：hydrological cycle - 例句：Rain and snow are part of the water cycle. 4. Nutrient (n. 养分) - 搭配：nutrient pollution, absorb nutrients - 词性转换：nutritious (adj.) - 近义词：mineral, nourishment - 例句：Plants in rivers need nutrients to grow. 5. Algae (n. 藻类) - 搭配：harmful algae bloom - 词性转换：algal (adj.) - 近义词：phytoplankton (浮游植物) - 例句：Too many algae can make water dirty. 二、水的重要性 (Water Importance) 1. Essential (adj. 必要的) - 搭配：essential for life - 词性转换：essence (n.), essentially (adv.) - 近义词：vital, crucial - 例句：Water is essential for all living things. 2. Hydration (n. 补水) - 搭配：stay hydrated - 词性转换：hydrate (v.), hydrated (adj.) - 近义词：moisturizing - 例句：Drinking water helps with hydration. 3. Agriculture (n. 农业) - 搭配：agricultural water use - 词性转换：agricultural (adj.) - 近义词：farming - 例句：Agriculture uses 70% of the world's freshwater. 4. Sanitation (n. 卫生设施) - 搭配：improve sanitation - 词性转换：sanitize (v.) - 近义词：hygiene - 例句：Clean water is key to good sanitation. 5. Livelihood (n. 生计) - 搭配：depend on water for livelihood - 词性转换：live (v.) - 近义词：income source - 例句：Many fishermen rely on rivers for their livelihood. 三、水资源现状 (Water Status) 1. Scarcity (n. 短缺) - 搭配：water scarcity - 词性转换：scarce (adj.) - 近义词：shortage, lack - 例句：Some African countries face severe water scarcity. 2. Pollution (n. 污染) - 搭配：water pollution, plastic pollution - 词性转换：pollute (v.), polluted (adj.) - 近义词：contamination - 例句：Factory waste causes river pollution. 3. Drought (n. 干旱) - 搭配：severe drought - 词性转换：drought-stricken (adj.) - 近义词：dry spell - 例句：Droughts make farming difficult. 4. Overuse (n. 过度使用) - 搭配：overuse of resources - 词性转换：overuse (v.) - 近义词：waste, misuse - 例句：Overuse of groundwater lowers water tables. 5. Contaminate (v. 污染) - 搭配：contaminated water - 词性转换：contamination (n.) - 近义词：pollute - 例句：Chemicals from factories can contaminate lakes. 四、水资源保护 (Water Conservation) 1. Conserve (v. 节约) - 搭配：conserve water, conservation efforts - 词性转换：conservation (n.), conservative (adj.) - 近义词：save, preserve - 例句：We should conserve water by fixing leaky taps. 2. Sustainable (adj. 可持续的) - 搭配：sustainable use - 词性转换：sustainably (adv.), sustainability (n.) - 近义词：eco-friendly - 例句：Sustainable farming protects water resources. 3. Recycle (v. 循环利用) - 搭配：recycle wastewater - 词性转换：recycling (n.), recyclable (adj.) - 近义词：reuse - 例句：Some cities recycle water for watering plants. 4. Restore (v. 修复) - 搭配：restore ecosystems - 词性转换：restoration (n.) - 近义词：rehabilitate - 例句：Volunteers planted trees to restore the riverbank. 5. Awareness (n. 意识) - 搭配：raise awareness - 词性转换：aware (adj.) - 近义词：consciousness - 例句：Schools teach water awareness to students. 五、海洋河流现状与保护 (Oceans & Rivers) 1. Coral Reef (n. 珊瑚礁) - 搭配：protect coral reefs - 词性转换：reef (n.) - 近义词：marine ecosystem - 例句：Coral reefs are damaged by pollution. 2. Overfishing (n. 过度捕捞) - 搭配：stop overfishing - 词性转换：overfish (v.) - 近义词：depletion of fish - 例句：Overfishing threatens ocean biodiversity. 3. Ecosystem (n. 生态系统) - 搭配：marine ecosystem - 词性转换：ecological (adj.) - 近义词：environment - 例句：Rivers support a complex ecosystem. 4. Plastic Waste (n. 塑料垃圾) - 搭配：reduce plastic waste - 词性转换：waste (n./v.) - 近义词：garbage, debris - 例句：Plastic waste harms sea turtles. 5. Conservation Area (n. 保护区) - 搭配：establish conservation areas - 词性转换：conserve (v.) - 近义词：protected zone - 例句：This bay is a conservation area for dolphins. I. 单项选择（每题1.5分，共12题） 1. "______ from farms washes into rivers and causes algae to grow too fast." A. Evaporation B. Sanitation C. Nutrient D. Livelihood 答案：C 解析：考查名词词义。Nutrient（养分）是藻类生长的原因，与题干逻辑匹配；其他选项词义不符（A蒸发/B卫生/D生计）。 2. "We should ______ plastic waste to protect sea turtles." A. contaminate B. overfish C. reduce D. evaporate 答案：C 解析：考查动词搭配。Reduce plastic waste（减少塑料垃圾）是环保措施；A污染/B过度捕捞/D蒸发不符合语境。 3. "During a ______, people have to walk miles to find water." A. water cycle B. algae bloom C. drought D. habitat 答案：C 解析：考查名词的实际影响。Drought（干旱）直接导致缺水；A水循环/B藻华/D栖息地与题干无关。 4. "The government set up a ______ to protect dolphins." A. contamination B. conservation area C. overuse D. livelihood 答案：B 解析：考查固定搭配。Conservation area（保护区）是保护动物的直接手段；其他选项为负面词汇。 5. "______ water can make people sick because of chemicals." A. Essential B. Hydrated C. Scarce D. Contaminated 答案：D 解析：考查形容词用法。Contaminated（被污染的）与“致病”形成因果逻辑；A必要的/B补水的/C短缺的不合题意。 6. "The ______ includes rain, evaporation, and cloud formation." A. ecosystem B. water cycle C. agriculture D. drought 答案：B 解析：考查术语定义。Water cycle（水循环）包含题干中所有过程；A生态系统/C农业/D干旱为干扰项。 7. "To solve water scarcity, we need ______ practices in farming." A. overused B. sustainable C. contaminated D. evaporative 答案：B 解析：考查形容词搭配。Sustainable practices（可持续实践）是解决资源短缺的方案；A过度使用的/C污染的/D蒸发的为负面词。 8. "Fish cannot survive if their ______ is destroyed by pollution." A. evaporation B. habitat C. algae D. nutrient 答案：B 解析：考查生态词汇。Habitat（栖息地）是生物生存的关键场所；A蒸发/C藻类/D养分不符合生物生存逻辑。 II. 用单词适当形式填空（每题2分，共10题） 9. The river is so ______ that no fish can live in it. (pollute) 答案：polluted 解析：形容词作表语，描述河流状态。需将名词 pollution 转为形容词 polluted（被污染的）。 10. ______ of underground water is a serious problem in many cities. (overuse) 答案：Overuse 解析：动名词作主语。动词 overuse 需转为名词形式，表示“过度使用”的行为。 11. We must take action to ______ damaged coral reefs. (restoration) 答案：restore 解析：动词不定式作宾语。名词 restoration 需转为动词 restore（修复），构成 take action to restore 的搭配。 12. After the ______, the farmers lost all their crops. (drought) 答案：drought 解析：名词作介词宾语。直接使用名词 drought（干旱），表示灾害事件。 13. Sunlight ______ water from the ocean every day. (evaporation) 答案：evaporates 解析：动词作谓语。名词 evaporation 需转为动词 evaporate（蒸发），主语 sunlight 为第三人称单数。 14. The lake water is full of ______, which makes it look green. (algae) 答案：algae 解析：名词作宾语。Algae（藻类）为不可数名词，直接使用原形。 15. People in the village ______ on fishing for their ______. (live, livelihood) 答案：rely, livelihoods 解析： - 第一空：动词短语 rely on（依赖），主语 people 为复数； - 第二空：名词 livelihood（生计），因主语为多人需用复数 livelihoods。 III. 综合填空（每空2分，共8空） The Ocean Protection Challenge (1) ______ (plastic) waste in the ocean kills over 100,000 sea animals yearly. To stop this, we must: - Reduce (2) ______ (overuse) of single-use plastics. - (3) ______ (recycle) bottles and bags properly. - Establish more marine (4) ______ (conserve) areas. - (5) ______ (aware) campaigns to teach the public. If we act now, ocean (6) ______ (ecosystem) can be (7) ______ (restoration). 答案与解析： 1. Plastic（形容词修饰 waste） 2. overuse（名词作宾语，overuse of plastics 固定搭配） 3. Recycle（动词原形，祈使句开头） 4. conservation（名词作定语，conservation areas 保护区） 5. Awareness（名词作主语，awareness campaigns 意识宣传活动） 6. ecosystems（名词作主语，海洋生态系统需用复数） 7. restored（被动语态，be restored 被修复） 知识导图记忆 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 World Water Day 2025 World Water Day happens every year on March 22nd. It 1 a day to think about our most important natural resource, water. We learn to save water and we learn about 2 water problems in some countries. Climate change is making it harder for some places to get enough water. Some countries are having more droughts. A drought is a disaster (灾难) where there is no rain for a long time, so plants, animals and people may die. The groundwater 3 very important at this time. Other countries are having more floods. A flood is a disaster where there is too 4 rain. The theme for World Water Day 2025 is “Glacier Preservation”. 5 know why we need to protect glaciers? Glaciers are huge blocks of ice in mountains and polar areas. They hold about 60% of the world’s fresh water! It is important for us to look after them and stop them from melting (融化). They help to get 6 fresh water from them. On World Water Day, adults and children across the world think about 7 importance of water. Water is very important to all life because humans, animals and plants would 8 without it. We need water to drink and we also need it 9 our bodies and clothes clean. Moreover, fresh water 10 by farmers to grow the food we eat every day. 1．A．am B．is C．are D．be 2．A．how does climate change cause B．how climate change causes C．how did climate change cause D．how climate change caused 3．A．becomes B．become C．became D．will become 4．A．many B．few C．much D．little 5．A．Are you B．You are C．Do you D．You do 6．A．lots of B．a lot C．a lots of D．lot of 7．A．a B．an C．/ D．the 8．A．die B．to die C．dies D．dying 9．A．give B．to give C．keep D．to keep 10．A．used B．uses C．is used D．was used 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了2025年世界水日。 1．句意：这是一个思考我们最重要的自然资源——水的日子。 am是，主语是I；is是，主语是第三人称单数形式；are是，主语是you或复数形式；be是，是动词原形。主语it是第三人称单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 2．句意：我们学会了节约用水，我们了解了气候变化是如何在一些国家造成水问题的。 how does climate change cause气候变化如何导致的，是疑问句语序，是一般现在时；how climate change causes气候变化如何导致的，是陈述语序，是一般现在时；how did climate change cause气候变化如何导致的，是疑问句语序，是一般过去时；how climate change caused气候变化如何导致的，是陈述语序，是一般过去时。此处作为宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC两项，主句谓语learn about是一般现在时，因此后面接的宾语从句用一般现在时。故选B。 3．句意：地下水在这个时候变得非常重要。 becomes成为，是一般现在时；become成为，是动词原形；became成为，是一般过去时；will become成为，是一般将来时。根据“at this time”可知，此处用一般现在时，主句是the groundwater，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 4．句意：雨水过多的地方，洪水是一种灾难。 many很多的，修饰可数名词；few很少的，修饰可数名词；much很多的，修饰不可数名词；little很少的，修饰不可数名词。根据句意，雨水多的地方，洪水是一种灾难，rain是不可数名词，用much修饰。故选C。 5．句意：你知道我们为什么要保护冰川吗？ Are you你是……吗；是一般疑问句；You are你是……，是陈述句；Do you你……吗；是一般疑问句；You do你做了……，是陈述句。此处是一般疑问句，排除BD两项，谓语know是实义动词，因此句首用助动词do。故选C。 6．句意：他们帮助从他们那里获得很多淡水。 lots of很多的；a lot很多；a lots of表达错误；lot of表达错误。修饰不可数名词water，用lots of。故选A。 7．句意：在世界水日，世界各地的成人和儿童都在思考水的重要性。 a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，修饰元音音素开头的单词；/零冠词；the那个，表示特指。the+名词+of表示“……的……”，the importance of“……的重要性”。故选D。 8．句意：水对所有生命都非常重要，因为没有水，人类、动物和植物就会死亡。 die死亡，是动词原形；to die死亡，是动词不定式；dies死亡，是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式；dying死亡，是现在分词。位于助动词would后，用动词原形。故选A。 9．句意：我们需要水喝，我们也需要它来保持我们的身体和衣服清洁。 give给，是动词原形；to give给，是动词不定式；keep保留，是动词原形；to keep保留，是动词不定式。need sth to do sth“需要某物做某事”，keep sth+形容词，表示“让某物保持某种状态”。故选D。 10．句意：此外，淡水被农民用来种植我们每天吃的食物。 used使用，是一般过去时；uses使用，是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式；is used被使用，是一般现在时；was used被使用，是一般过去时。根据“every day”可知，此处用一般现在时，主语fresh water与谓语use之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。故选C。 二、阅读理解 Researchers said they had found out that there was once an ancient fresh water lake on Mars that might have been able to support life. A team of researchers from the US Curiosity Rover Mission, analyzed (分析) some mudstone and fine-grained sediment (细粒沉积物) which can tell us that there was at least one lake around 3.6 billion years ago. The team said their analysis showed that the lake was calm and likely had fresh water, including key biological elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur (硫磺). Theoretically, such a lake would provide perfect conditions for simple living things. The findings were published in the US Journal Science and presented at the American Geophysical Union’s fall meeting in San Francisco. “It is important to note that we have not found signs of ancient life on Mars. What we have found is that there once existed a lake on its surface which might make it possible for some simple living things to live billions of years ago,” Professor Sanjeev Gupta said in a statement. Gupta described the new research as “a huge positive step” for the exploration of Mars. In previous studies, scientists found evidence of water on Mars’ surface in other rocks. However, the new research provides the strongest evidence yet that Mars could have been habitable enough for life to continue. 1．Researchers have found evidence that an ancient fresh water lake probably existed on ________. A．the Earth B．Venus C．Mars D．the Moon 2．The following biological elements EXCEPT ________ have been found on Mars according to the analysis. A．oxygen B．nitrogen C．hydrogen D．carbon dioxide 3．The underlined word “habitable” in the last paragraph probably means “________” in Chinese. A．可居住的 B．无法生存的 C．习惯的 D．不可能的 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The researchers thought it impossible for a fresh water lake to exist on Mars. B．Gupta thought of the new research as “a huge positive step” for the exploration of Mars. C．Researchers have taken great efforts to find signs of ancient life on Mars. D．The findings about the fresh water lake haven’t been published in the US Journal Science. 5．On which column of a book can you find this passage? A．Science. B．Travelling. C．Life. D．Education. 6．What is the passage mainly about? A．How did the fresh water lake disappear on Mars? B．Ancient life signs found on Mars. C．An ancient fresh water lake on Mars. D．The importance of water. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了火星上古老的淡水湖。 1．细节理解题。根据“Researchers said they had found out that there was once an ancient fresh water lake on Mars that might have been able to support life.”可知，研究人员发现了火星上可能存在一个古老淡水湖的证据。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“including key biological elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur (硫磺).”包括关键的生物元素，如碳、氢、氧、氮和硫。可知，在火星上发现了除二氧化碳以外的以下生物元素。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“However, the new research provides the strongest evidence yet that Mars could have been habitable enough for life to continue.”可知，研究提供的有力证据证明了火星可以居住，并足以让生命延续下去，所以划线单词habitable可能是“可居住的”的意思。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Gupta described the new research as ‘a huge positive step’ for the exploration of Mars.”可知，古普塔认为这项新研究是探索火星的“一个巨大的积极步骤”。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“Researchers said they had found out that there was once an ancient fresh water lake on Mars that might have been able to support life.”及下文的介绍可知，本文介绍了一项新的研究，因此可能出现在科学杂志上。故选A。 6．主旨大意题。根据“Researchers said they had found out that there was once an ancient fresh water lake on Mars that might have been able to support life.”可知，本文介绍了火星上有一个古老的淡水湖。故选C。 三、完形填空 The sea covers a greater part of the Earth’s 1 than the land. It is the home of millions of living things. Animals and plants of various shapes, colors and sizes live in the sea. Do you know there is more life in the sea than that on land? The animals and plants of sea are very 2 to man as source of food. If you ever go skin diving (轻装潜水), a beautiful new world will 3 your eyes. In the future you will be hearing more and more about the sea. It is one of the largest remaining places on the Earth which has not been fully explored by man. Today, more and more 4 are exploring the sea. This is because the population of the Earth is increasing so fast that the land alone will not be able to provide 5 food for everyone. The sea is like a huge storehouse. It contains not only food but also many 6 valuable things such as oil. The sea can also provide us with a lot of fresh water in the future. 1．A．place B．surface C．area D．ocean 2．A．important B．interesting C．impossible D．intelligent 3．A．meet B．see C．look D．notice 4．A．workers B．doctors C．scientists D．teachers 5．A．many B．enough C．little D．plenty 6．A．same B．difficult C．rest D．other 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 【导语】本文介绍了海洋是很多生物的家园。大海就像一个巨大的仓库。它不仅含有食物，还含有许多有价值的东西，如油。在未来，大海也可以为我们提供大量的淡水。 1．句意：海洋比陆地覆盖了地球表面更大的一部分。 place地方；surface表面；area地区；ocean海洋。根据“The sea covers a greater part of the Earth’s”可知，海洋覆盖的是地球的表面，故选B。 2．句意：海洋动物和植物作为食物来源对人类是非常重要的。 important重要的；interesting有趣的；impossible不可能的；intelligent聪明的。根据“as source of food”可知，它们是食物来源，因此对人类非常重要，故选A。 3．句意：如果你去潜水，一个美丽的新世界将映入你的眼帘。 meet遇见；see看见；look看；notice注意。根据“If you ever go skin diving”可知，如果你去潜水，海底美丽的世界将与你的眼睛相遇，故选A。 4．句意：今天，越来越多的科学家正在探索海洋。 workers工人；doctors医生；scientists科学家；teachers教师。根据“are exploring the sea”可知，探索海洋的人是科学家们，故选C。 5．句意：这是因为地球上的人口增长如此之快，陆地本身将无法为每个人提供足够的食物。 many很多的；enough足够的；little很少的；plenty大量。根据“This is because the population of the Earth is increasing so fast”可知，地球上的人口增长得快，因此陆地提供的食物是不够的。故选B。 6．句意：它不仅含有食物，还含有许多其他有价值的东西，如油。 same同样的；difficult困难的；rest其余的；other其他的。根据“It contains not only food”可知，它不仅提供了食物，还提供了其他东西，故选D。 四、任务型阅读      Nowadays water pollution is becoming an important problem. We can hear about water pollution from TV sometimes. A report shows that more than one third of the country’s industrial waste water flows directly into rivers and lakes. The water environment in most cities around the country is declining(下降). An official report from the Ministry of Environment Protection(环保总局 ) shows that among the investigated 131 rivers that flow through cities, 36 are severely(严重) polluted, and nearly 60 others polluted. Since the Songhua River benzene(苯) pollution incident in 2005, over 140 pollution cases have been reported. The Yellow River, an important water resource for North China, is suffering from serious pollution. Nearly 40 percent of its mainstream has been severely polluted. And situation is no better for the Huai River, in which the country has invested(投入) most. It is also a severely polluted river.    Water, like the air, is another basic substance(物质) of human life. But the fact is that more and more water is being polluted. The available drinking water is declining. Some factories are only busy developing their factories, without any thought of protecting the environment. They pour the waste water into rivers and oceans as they like. Although sometimes they are forbidden and punished, after that they will continue to do as usual because of money. In brief, it’s time for us to take steps to improve our living environment before it is too late. 1．What flows directly into rivers and lakes according to the first paragraph? 2．How many of the investigated 131 rivers are severely polluted? 3．When did the Songhua River benzene pollution incident take place? 4．Four rivers are mentioned in the passage, aren’t they? 5．Why will the factories continue to pour waste water into rivers? 【答案】1．Industrial waste water. 2．36. 3．In 2005. 4．No, they aren’t. 5．Because of money. 【导语】本文主要讲述的是在我国一些工厂为了经济利益，排放污水导致我国的河流和湖泊受污染。 1．根据文中第一段“A report shows that more than one third of the country’s industrial waste water flows directly into rivers and lakes.”可知超过三分之一的废水直接流入河流和湖泊，所以是工业废水直接流入河流和湖泊。故填Industrial waste water. 2．根据文中第二段“36 are severely(严重) polluted”可知，在调查的131条河流中有36条河流被严重污染。故填36。 3．根据文中第三段“Since the Songhua River benzene(苯) pollution incident in 2005”可知，松花江苯污染事件发生在2005年。故填In 2005. 4．根据文中第三段“the Songhua River”，第四段“The Yellow River”，第五段“the Huai River”可知，本文共谈到了三条河流，分别是松花江、黄河、淮河，所以题干中说本文提到四条河流是不正确的。故填No, they aren’t. 5．根据文中第六段“after that they will continue to do as usual because of money”可知，这些工厂为了钱，即使被禁止、被惩罚，之后他们仍继续向河里排放污水。故填Because of money. 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Dora was in the bathroom. The tap was on. “Turn that tap off,” said an angry voice. “You’re wasting water. ” Dora looked around, 1 there was no one there. “Who are you?” “I’m a drop of water. Do you know where I come 2 ?” “From the tap(水龙头)?” asked Dora. “A few days ago, I was in a cloud,” said the drop of water. “Then I dropped into a river and ran into a reservoir(水库). Then it 3 time for people to clean me. ” “Clean you?” Dora asked. “Yes. I was dirty. They cleaned me. Then I travelled through the pipes under the streets and now I’m here. ” Dora asked, “So that is the end of your journey?” “No. People will make me 4 again. I’ll go into a river and then into the sea again. ” “Again?” “Yes. My journe starts there. Remember to save and 5 me. ” Dora turned the tap off and came out of the bathroom. 1．A．and B．but C．so D．or 2．A．to B．up C．from D．on 3．A．is B．was C．will be D．to be 4．A．to clean B．cleaning C．clean D．cleans 5．A．don’t to pollute B．not to pollute C．not pollute D．don’t pollute 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文讲述了一滴水和Dora的谈话，告诉我们要节约用水，不要污染水。 1．句意：朵拉环顾四周，但一个人也没有 and和；but但是；so所以；or或者。根据语境可知，前后是转折关系，应用but连接，故选B。 2．句意：你知道我是从哪儿来的吗。 to到；up向上；from从；on在……上面。根据“From the tap(水龙头)”可知指指come from“来自”，故选C。 3．句意：然后是人们为我清洁的时候了。 is是，be动词第三人称单数；was是，am和is的过去式；will be将会；to be动词不定式。根据“I dropped into a river and ran into a reservoir(水库). ”可知句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选B。 4．句意：人们会让我重新变得干净。 to clean清理，动词不定式；cleaning动名词/现在分词；clean动词原形/干净的；cleans动词三单。根据“People will make me… again.”可知，make sth/sb adj“使某人/某物怎样”，空格处为形容词作宾语补足语。故选C。 5．句意：记住要节约，不要污染我。 don’t to pollute语法错误；not to pollute不要污染；not pollute此处是省略to的动词不定式；don’t pollue不污染。根据“Remember … me”可知，remember not to do sth“记得不要去做某事”。故选B。 In 1993 the UN decided that March 22nd is the World Water Day. 1 this day every year, countries around the world 2 events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something everyone must have around the world. The human body is 60% of water and we need to drink 3 water to be healthy. We 4 need water for cooking. We have toilets in 5 houses and when we brush our teeth or have a shower, we use the bathroom. Farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants 6 . We are 7 to have clean water 8 we need water, but this is not the case for many people around the world. Do you know the fact that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink? And do you know that 2.5 billion people do not have clean toilets? That’s about 1 in 3 people in the world. If we drink dirty water 9 we can’t wash our hands when we go to the toilet, 10 is easy to catch diseases from the bacteria (细菌) and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhoea (腹泻) from dirty water. In some countries children walk many kilometers every day to get water and 11 the water isn’t even clean! If children spend many hours a day 12 water, they 13 go to school. For World Water Day, some people in the UK walk, run or cycle 10 km, 14 climb mountains or even jump from a plane to the ground. At one school children walk 6 km with 6 liters of water so they can see how it feels to walk a long distance (距离) carrying heavy bottles of water. People give them money for 15 these things and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world. 1．A．at B．in C．on D．from 2．A．hold B．holding C．to hold D．holds 3．A．lot B．a lot C．a lots of D．lots of 4．A．also B．too C．either D．neither 5．A．we B．us C．our D．ours 6．A．to grow B．grows C．growing D．grow 7．A．enough luck B．luck enough C．lucky enough D．enough lucky 8．A．although B．if C．since D．when 9．A．so B．and C．or D．but 10．A．it B．that C．this D．its 11．A．sometime B．sometimes C．some time D．some times 12．A．to get B．getting C．get D．got 13．A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can’t 14．A．other B．the others C．others D．another 15．A．do B．done C．doing D．to do 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界水日的相关信息，阐述了水对人体及日常生活的重要性，同时指出全球许多人面临着缺乏干净饮用水和卫生厕所的问题，还提及了一些为世界水日开展的活动及意义。 1．句意：每年在这一天，世界各国举办活动，教育人们关于脏水问题以及干净的水是全球每个人都必需的东西。 at在（某时间或时刻）；in后跟年月季节等；on在（具体某一天）；from来自。表示“在具体某一天”，需用介词on，on this day即“在这一天”，故选C。 2．句意：每年在这一天，世界各国举办活动，教育人们关于脏水问题以及干净的水是全球每个人都必需的东西。 hold举办，动词原形；holding是hold的现在分词形式；to hold是hold的动词不定式形式；holds是hold的单三形式。根据“countries around the world…have around the world.”可知，句子缺少谓语动词，主语countries是复数，时态为一般现在时，动词用原形，hold events表示“举办活动”，故选A。 3．句意：人体60%是水，我们需要喝大量的水来保持健康。 lot许多，代词；a lot许多，名词；a lots of错误表达；lots of许多，形容词。修饰不可数名词water，表示“许多”，用lots of，故选D。 4．句意：我们也需要水来做饭。 also用于肯定句，且在句中表示“也”；too常用于句末，也；either常用于否定句句末，也；neither表示 “两者都不”。此句是肯定句，且在句中表示“也”，故选A。 5．句意：我们家里有厕所，当我们刷牙或洗澡时，会使用卫生间。 we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；our我们的；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。修饰名词houses，用形容词性物主代词our，表示“我们的房子”，故选C。 6．句意：生产我们所吃食物的农民，用水来使植物生长。 to grow是grow的动词不定式形式；grows成长，grow的单三形式；growing是grow的现在分词形式；grow成长。make sb./sth. do sth.是固定搭配，表示“使某人/某物做某事”，这里是“使植物生长”，故选D。 7．句意：当我们需要水时，我们足够幸运能有干净的水，但世界上很多人情况并非如此。 enough luck足够多的幸运；luck enough错误表达；lucky enough足够幸运；enough lucky错误表达。enough修饰形容词或副词时，要放在后面，lucky是形容词，lucky enough表示“足够幸运”，故选C。 8．句意：当我们需要水时，我们足够幸运能有干净的水，但世界上很多人情况并非如此。 although尽管；if如果；since自从；when当……时。根据“We are…case for many people around the world.”可知，这里是说当我们需要水时，我们足够幸运能有干净的水，故选D。 9．句意：如果我们喝脏水或上厕所时不能洗手，很容易从细菌中感染疾病并生病。 so所以；and和；or或者；but但是。根据“If we drink dirty water…from the bacteria (细菌) and become ill.”可知，此处指的是喝脏水或上厕所时不能洗手，故选C。 10．句意：如果我们喝脏水或上厕所时不能洗手，很容易从细菌中感染疾病并生病。 it它；that那个；this这个；its它的。这里“it+be+形容词+to do sth.”结构，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的“to catch diseases…”，故选A。 11．句意：在一些国家，孩子们每天步行数千米去取水，而且水有时甚至不干净！ sometime某时；sometimes有时；some time一段时间；some times几次。根据“In some countries children…the water isn’t even clean!”可知，这里说水有时不干净，故选B。 12．句意：如果孩子们每天花很多时间取水，他们就不能去上学。 to get得到，get的动词不定式形式；getting是get的现在分词形式；get得到，动词原形；got是get的过去式。spend+时间+(in) doing sth.是固定用法，表示“花费时间做某事”，这里getting water表示“取水”，故选B。 13．句意：如果孩子们每天花很多时间取水，他们就不能去上学。 mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必；can’t不能。根据“If children spend many…go to school.”可知，这里是说孩子们花很多时间取水就不能去上学 ，故选D。 14．句意：在世界水日，英国的一些人跑步或骑行10千米，其他人爬山，甚至从飞机上跳伞到地面。 other其他的，后可接名词复数；the others其余所有的（人或物）；others其他人； another另一，又一，后接可数名词单数。这里“…climb mountains…”表示“其他人爬山……”，故选C。 15．句意：人们给他们钱来做这些事情，所有的钱都有助于为世界各地尽可能多的人提供干净的水。 do做，动词原形；done是do的过去分词；doing是do的现在分词形式；to do是do的动词不定式形式。for是介词，后接动词时，要用动名词形式，故选C。 二、短文填空 综合填空 Water has great importance in Chinese culture. For a long time, water has been given deep meanings to 1 (education) people and rule the country. Confucius (孔子) thought water had many nice qualities. People should learn from it and improve 2 (they). The meanings behind water also made Chinese rulers follow the rules of nature and listen to the voice of people. Believed to be the beginning of all life, water also 3 (give) us life like a gentle mother. It’s impossible for our human beings to live 4 water. However, the way people and water getting along has two sides. In history, floods (洪水) brought big problems to people. Every time floods hit a village, houses fell down and hundreds of people became 5 (home). To solve the problem, Chinese people had always tried their best. For example, Yu, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty, organized his people and 6 (dig) the waterways so that the water could easily go into the sea. Today, the want of more fresh water is another serious problem. Although almost three 7 (quarter) of the earth is covered with water, most of it couldn’t be drunk directly. There are still factories 8 (pollute) rivers and lakes, which makes things even worse. Let’s start 9 it’s too late! I believe if we take action in time, we can 10 (possible) make a difference. I really hope we can live in peace with the environment. 【答案】 1．educate 2．themselves 3．gives 4．without 5．homeless 6．dug 7．quarters 8．polluting 9．before 10．possibly 【导语】本文讲述水在中国文化中的重要意义，以及水给人类带来的双面影响。并呼吁人们及时采取行动保护环境。 1．句意：长期以来，水被赋予了深刻的意义，它既教育人们，又治理着国家。根据“For a long time, water has been given deep meanings to...people and rule the country.”及所给单词可知，此处表示长期以来，水被赋予了深刻的意义，它既教育人们，又治理着国家。to后接动词原形。education“教育”，名词，动词形式为educate。故填educate。 2．句意：人们应该从中吸取教训，改进他们自己。根据“People should learn from it and improve...”及所给单词可知，此处表示人们应该从中吸取教训，改进他们自己。they“他们”，人称代词主格，反身代词为themselves。故填themselves。 3．句意：水被认为是所有生命的起源，它也像一位温柔的母亲一样给我们带来生命。根据“water also...us life like a gentle mother.”及所给单词可知，此处表示水也像一位温柔的母亲一样给我们带来生命。结合语境，此处为一般现在时。water作主语，谓语动词用三单。give的第三人称单数形式为gives。故填gives。 4．句意：我们人类不可能生活在没有水的地方。根据“It’s impossible for our human beings to live...water.”及上下文可知，此处表示我们人类不可能生活在没有水的地方。without“没有”，符合语境。故填without。 5．句意：每逢洪水袭击一个村庄，房屋就倒塌了，数百人沦为无家可归者。根据“Every time floods hit a village, houses fell down and hundreds of people became...”及所给单词可知，此处表示每逢洪水袭击一个村庄，房屋就倒塌了，数百人沦为无家可归者。home“家”，homeless“无家可归的人”，符合语境。故填homeless。 6．句意：例如，夏朝的第一位统治者禹组织他的人民挖河道，使水可以容易地流入大海。根据“organized his people and...the waterways so that the water could easily go into the sea.”及所给单词可知，该句时态为一般过去时，表示禹组织他的人民挖河道，让水流入大海。dig“挖”，动词原形，过去式为dug。故填dug。 7．句意：尽管地球表面几乎有四分之三被水覆盖，大部分不能直接饮用。根据“three”可知，后接可数名词复数。quarter的复数形式为quarters。故填quarters。 8．句意：还有工厂向河流和湖泊排放污水，这使情况变得更糟。根据“There are still factories...rivers and lakes,”可知，此处表示还有工厂向河流和湖泊排放污水。考查固定结构：There are sth. doing sth.“有某物正在做……”。故填polluting。 9．句意：在太晚之前让我们开始吧。根据“I believe if we take action in time, we can possibly make a difference.”可知，我相信，如果我们及时采取行动，我们或许能有所作为。推测此处应该表示在太晚之前让我们开始吧。before“在……之前”，符合语境。故填before。 10．句意：我相信，如果我们及时采取行动，我们或许能有所作为。根据“we can...make a difference.”可知，此处用副词修饰动词make。possible的副词形式为possibly。故填possibly。 三、阅读理解 Water is the most important resource for all living beings on Earth. It is rightly called the “elixir (灵丹妙药) of life”, as no life can live without it. Although nearly 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, only a small part is fresh and fit for drinking. This makes it essential to save water and use it wisely. Water is needed for many activities in our daily life, such as drinking, cooking, cleaning and farming. Plants, animals and humans all depend on water to live. Farmers need water for growing crops, and industries need water for producing goods. Moreover, water is necessary for keeping us clean and staying healthy. Without water, it is impossible to maintain hygiene (卫生) or prevent diseases. Sadly, water scarcity (短缺) is a growing problem in many parts of the world. Overuse, pollution, and climate change have made clean water harder to find. Many people still lack access to safe drinking water, which affects their health and quality of life. To protect this precious resource, we must avoid wasting water and keep our rivers and lakes clean. Water is life. We must save it for ourselves and for future generations. 1．Why is water called the “elixir of life”? A．It supports all life. B．It creates all wealth. C．It provides all energy. D．It cures many diseases. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a use of water in daily life? A．Drinking. B．Cleaning. C．Farming. D．Transportation. 3．What are the main causes of water scarcity mentioned in the passage? A．Natural disasters and droughts. B．Poor water management systems. C．Overuse, pollution, and climate change. D．Population growth and industrialization. 4．What can we infer about the future of water resources? A．Water will become enough to use. B．Technology will solve all problems. C．More protective measures are needed. D．The situation will improve naturally. 5．Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage? A．Many people still lack access to safe drinking water. B．Water is needed for many activities in our daily life. C．Plants, animals and humans all depend on water to live. D．We should save water for ourselves and future generations. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了水资源的相关情况，并呼吁人们保护水资源。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is rightly called the ‘elixir of life’, as no life can live without it.”可知，水被称为“长生不老药”，是因为它维持所有的生命。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Water is needed for many activities in our daily life, such as drinking, cooking, cleaning and farming.”可知，我们日常生活中的许多活动都需要水，如饮用、烹饪、清洁和耕种，未提到运输。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Overuse, pollution, and climate change have made clean water harder to find.”可知，文章中提到的水资源短缺的主要原因是过度使用、污染和气候变化。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We must save it for ourselves and for future generations.”可推知，未来需要更多保护水资源的措施。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了水资源的相关情况，并呼吁人们保护水资源。故选D。 The UN has made two big decisions. It said 2025 would be the Year of Glacier (冰川) Preservation. Also, March 21, 2025, was set as the first World Day for Glaciers. Why? Because glaciers are super important for life on Earth, and the UN wants everyone to help protect them. Glaciers are made of ice and snow. They move slowly across the land. As years go by, layer after layer (层) of snow piles up and becomes glacier ice. Glaciers have changed the shape of mountains and valleys over a long time. They’re still doing this today. When glaciers melt, they give nutrients to lakes, rivers, and oceans. These nutrients are like the building blocks of the food chain in water. They also create homes for lots of plants and animals near streams. What’s more, glaciers are a really important water source. Around 10% of the world’s land has glaciers, and they store about 70% of Earth’s fresh water. But glaciers are in big trouble now. Climate change is making them disappear. In Colombia, for example, 90% of its glaciers have been lost since the mid-19th century. If the temperature keeps going up, glaciers will lose even more mass by 2100. This will mean less water for people to drink and use for farming. It will also put more pressure on local ecosystems and make floods more dangerous. So, it’s really important that we all work together to protect glaciers. 1．Why did the UN set the Year of Glacier Preservation and World Day for Glaciers? A．To encourage people to protect glaciers for the future. B．To attract more people to visit glacier areas. C．To study the structure of glaciers better. D．To show the power of glaciers in shaping the Earth. 2．The underlined word “mass” in the passage probably means ______. A．color B．shape C．height D．weight 3．Which of the following shows the right process of glacier formation? A．Snow piles up → becomes glacier ice → moves slowly across the land. B．Ice forms first → snow piles on it → moves to form glaciers. C．Mountains and valleys appear → glaciers cover them → glaciers melt. D．Water in lakes and rivers freezes → turns into snow → forms glaciers. 4．If we continue to pay no attention to glacier protection, what might happen in 2100 according to the passage? A．People will have more clean water to use. B．The shape of mountains and valleys will never change. C．The food chain in water will be seriously damaged. D．Plants and animals near streams will have more homes. 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．The Magic of Glaciers B．How Glaciers Are Formed C．The Change of Glaciers D．Glaciers and Our Future 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了联合国设立冰川保护年和世界冰川日的原因，冰川的形成过程及其重要性，以及气候变暖对冰川的威胁，呼吁共同保护冰川。 1．细节理解题。根据“the UN wants everyone to help protect them.” 可知，联合国设立相关纪念日的目的是呼吁人们保护冰川，故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“glaciers will lose even more mass by 2100.”可知，此处指冰川因气温上升而 “失去更多质量”。“mass”在此表示 “质量”，与选项D“重量”同义，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“As years go by, layer after layer of snow piles up and becomes glacier ice. ”以及“They move slowly across the land.” 可知，冰川形成的顺序是：积雪堆积→形成冰川冰→缓慢移动，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“If the temperature keeps going up, glaciers will lose even more mass by 2100. This will mean less water for people to drink and use for farming. It will also put more pressure on local ecosystems and make floods more dangerous.”可知，若气温持续上升，2100 年冰川质量会进一步减少，由此可推断，食物链会因营养物质匮乏而受损。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了联合国设立冰川保护年和世界冰川日的原因，冰川的形成过程及其重要性，以及气候变暖对冰川的威胁，呼吁共同保护冰川，核心是冰川与人类未来的关联。故选D。 四、完形填空 Read the passage and complete the blanks with proper words. (根据短文内容，选择恰当的单词或词组) (Tommy Turtle is swimming slowly in the sea. A young fish, Tina Tuna, is swimming straight at him. She looks scared and is crying loudly.) Tina Tuna: My family, classmates and neighbours are gone. What can I do? Tommy Turtle: What happened? Tina Tuna: This morning, a fishing boat took them away. The boat was very 1 . I can’t even see the sun under it. Tommy Turtle: Oh, no! How did you get away? Tina Tuna: I swam the fastest, so the net didn’t 2 me. Tommy Turtle: That was lucky. From now on, we must watch out for boats more carefully. And I think you can send a 3 to humans for help. Tina Tuna: I can have a try and tell humans about the troubles we have in the sea. Dear humans, I am Tina Tuna, a poor little fish in the ocean. I have something very important to say. My family and friends are in trouble. We need your help right away. Please listen to us. We are dying. Your noisy boats take our family and our friends away. Many are just 4 . They won’t even have a chance to grow up. Also, the water gets dirtier and warmer every day. Stinky (难闻的) oil and wastewater can be found 5 . It is hard for us to breathe. What’s more, there is so much trash in our homes! The colourful trash tricks our friends. They happily eat it, but soon they get 6 and some even die. Our home is in trouble. We can’t wait any longer. We only ask for a chance to live more safely. Please leave some clean places for us and stop killing us. Sincerely, Tina Tuna 1．A．modern B．comfortable C．big D．bright 2．A．freeze B．catch C．reply D．train 3．A．letter B．poster C．book D．photo 4．A．fairies B．kids C．models D．princes 5．A．sometimes B．suddenly C．finally D．everywhere 6．A．sick B．greedy C．angry D．lazy 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．A 【导语】本文是小鱼Tina Tuna向Tommy Turtle告诉自己的家人、同学及邻居都被渔船带走了，不知道该怎么办，Tommy Turtle建议向人类求助，Tina Tuna因此写信给人类，呼吁人类保护海洋环境并停止捕杀他们。 1．句意：船很大。 modern现代的；comfortable舒服的；big大的；bright明亮的。根据“I can’t even see the sun under it.”可知，我在船下面看不到太阳，说明船很大。故选C。 2．句意：我游得最快，所以网没抓到我。 freeze冻结；catch抓；reply回复；train训练。根据“I swam the fastest”可知，我游得最快，所以网没能抓到我。故选B。 3．句意：我想你可以给人类写封信寻求帮助。 letter信；poster海报；book书；photo照片。根据下文“Dear humans, ... Tina Tuna”可知，这是Tina Tuna给人类写的一封信。故选A。 4．句意：很多都只是鱼宝宝。 fairies仙女；kids孩子；models模型，榜样；princes王子。根据“They won’t even have a chance to grow up.”可知，是指他们还只是孩子，此处是指鱼宝宝。故选B。 5．句意：难闻的石油和废水到处都能发现。 sometimes有时；suddenly突然；finally最终；everywhere到处。根据“Stinky (难闻的) oil and wastewater can be found”可知，是指到处都能发现难闻的石油和废水。故选D。 6．句意：他们高兴地吃着它，但很快就生病了，有些甚至死了。 sick生病的；greedy贪婪的；angry生气的；lazy懒惰的。根据“some even die.”可知，是指他们生病了。故选A。 五、任务型阅读 Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题） Saving the Well Once upon a time, in a vast desert, there was a small village that depended on a single well for water. The well was not only a source of life for the villagers but also for the travelers who passed through the desert. One year, a really bad drought hit the village. The plants died, animals moved away, and the well’s water level started to drop. The villagers grew worried, knowing that they needed the well to live. Among them was a young boy named Amir. He noticed that while everyone was worried, very few were taking action to save the precious water. Amir decided to make a difference. He started by using less water for his daily needs and collected rainwater in pots. He also suggested planting drought-resistant (抗旱) plants around the well to keep the soil wet and reduce water evaporation (蒸发). At first, only a few villagers took him seriously, but as the well’s water even got lower, more started to listen. Amir taught the villagers how to create small basins around the plants to catch more rainwater and how to cover the ground with stones and leaves to reduce evaporation. He also organized teams to clean up around the well and dig small channels to direct any rainwater into the well. As the weeks passed, the villagers noticed a change. The water in the well didn’t go down as much, and the plants around it began to grow well. The efforts to save water paid off, and the village was able to make it through the drought. 1．What happened to the village one year? 2．A lot of villagers took action to save the precious water at the very beginning, didn’t they? 3．Where did Amir collect rainwater at first? 4．When did the villagers start to take Amir’s suggestions seriously? 5．How did Amir and the villagers direct rainwater into the well? 6．What can you learn from the story? 【答案】1．A really bad drought hit the village. 2．No, they didn’t. 3．In pots. 4．When the well’s water even got lower. 5．By digging small channels. 6．We should reduce daily water consumption and save water in our daily life. 【导语】本文主要讲述了个名叫阿米尔的小男孩保护一口井的故事。 1．根据第二段“One year, a really bad drought hit the village.”可知，有一年一场严重的干旱袭击了这个村庄。故填A really bad drought hit the village. 2．根据第二段“He noticed that while everyone was worried, very few were taking action to save the precious water.”可知，许多村民不是一开始就采取行动节约宝贵的水资源。故填No, they didn’t. 3．根据第三段“Amir decided to make a difference. He started by using less water for his daily needs and collected rainwater in pots.”可知，阿米尔最初是用壶收集雨水的。故填In pots. 4．根据第三段“At first, only a few villagers took him seriously, but as the well’s water even got lower, more started to listen.”可知，当井水越来越低时，村民们开始认真对待阿米尔的建议。故填When the well’s water even got lower. 5．根据第四段“He also organized teams to clean up around the well and dig small channels to direct any rainwater into the well.”可知，阿米尔和村民们是通过挖掘小通道将雨水导入井里的。故填By digging small channels. 6．开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为We should reduce daily water consumption and save water in our daily life. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$