（预习部分）第05讲 Unit 5（知识全梳理&考点精准练）-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（鲁教版五四制）

第05讲Unit5（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：知识图谱助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、词汇导学 1. custom：n. 风俗；习俗 如 Different countries have different customs.（不同国家有不同的风俗 。） 2.greet：v. 和……打招呼；迎接 例：People greet each other warmly during festivals.（节日期间人们热情地互相打招呼 。） He went to the airport to greet his friend.（他去机场迎接朋友 。） 【拓展】 greeting（n. 问候；招呼 ），如 ，Give my greetings to your parents.（向你父母转达我的问候 。） 3.relaxed：adj. 放松的；自在的 例：After the exam, he felt relaxed.（考试后，他感觉很放松 。） 【拓展】 relax（v. 放松；使轻松 ），如 “Relax yourself after a long day's work.（工作一整天后放松下自己 。） relaxing（adj. 令人放松的 ，常用来修饰事物 ，如 “a relaxing holiday （一个令人放松的假期 ） relaxed（常修饰人 ） 4.value：v. 重视；珍视 ；n. 价值 例：We should value our time.（我们应该重视我们的时间 。） The value of this painting is very high.（这幅画的价值很高 。） 【拓展】 valuable（adj. 有价值的；贵重的 ），如， This is a valuable diamond.（这是一颗贵重的钻石 。） valueless（adj. 无价值的；不值钱的 ），如，This old broken cup is valueless.（这个破旧的杯子不值钱 。） 5.capital：n. 首都；国都 例：Beijing is the capital of China.（北京是中国的首都 。） 【拓展】 相关短语：capital city（首都城市 ） 如，Washington D.C. is the capital city of the United States.（华盛顿是美国的首都城市 。） 6.manner：n. 方式；方法 ；(pl.) 礼貌；礼仪 作 “方式；方法” 讲时，指做某事的风格、形式；作复数 “manners” 常表示社交礼仪 。 例：He solved the problem in a new manner.（他用一种新方式解决了问题 。） Good manners are important in communication.（良好的礼仪在交流中很重要 。） 【拓展】 table manners（餐桌礼仪 ），如，We should learn good table manners.（我们应该学习良好的餐桌礼仪 。） 7.season：n. 季；季节 例：Spring is my favorite season.（春天是我最喜欢的季节 。） 8.knock：n. 敲击声；敲击 ；v. 敲；击 例：There was a loud knock on the door.（门上响起一阵很响的敲击声 。） Knock at the door before entering.（进门前先敲门 。） 【拓展】 常用搭配 “knock at/on（敲击…… ，后接具体对象 ，像门、窗户等 ）” 。 相关短语： - knock down（撞倒；拆除 ），如 The strong wind knocked down the small tree.（大风把小树刮倒了 。）“They plan to knock down the old building.（他们打算拆除这座旧建筑 。）” 9.worth：adj. 值得；有……价值（的） 常用 “be worth + 名词 / 动名词” 结构 ，表示值得去做、具有某种价值 。 例：The book is worth reading.（这本书值得一读 。） This necklace is worth a lot of money.（这条项链值很多钱 。） 10.exchange：n. & v. 交换 例：There was an exchange of gifts between the two countries.（两国之间进行了礼品交换 。） They exchanged ideas about the project.（他们就这个项目交流了想法 。） 11.empty：adj. 空的；空洞的 例：The box is empty.（这个盒子是空的 。） His words are empty; he doesn't mean them.（他的话很空洞，不是真心的 。） 12.basic：adj. 基本的；基础的 例：basic knowledge（基础知识 ） The basic needs of people include food, water and shelter.（人们的基本需求包括食物、水和住所 。） 【拓展】 base（n. 基础；底部；基地 ；v. 以…… 为基础 ），如 ，The company has a strong base in the market.（这家公司在市场上有坚实的基础 。） 13.behave：v. 表现；举止 例：Children should behave well in public.（孩子们在公共场合应该举止得体 。） He behaved bravely in the face of danger.（面对危险他表现得很勇敢 。） 【拓展】 相关短语： behave badly/well（表现不好 / 好 ） 如 ，He behaved badly at the party and made others unhappy.（他在派对上表现不好，让别人不高兴了 。） -behavior（n. 行为；举止 ，英式拼写 “behaviour” ），如，His behavior was praised by everyone.（他的行为受到大家赞扬 。） 14.except：prep. 除……之外 ；conj. 除了；只是 作介词时，用于排除某个人或事物，后接名词、代词、动名词等 。 例：Everyone is here except Tom.（除了汤姆，大家都在这儿 。）” “except” 作连词时，用法类似 ，但连接句子。 例：She is a good student except she is a little lazy.（她是个好学生，只是有点懒 。） 不过作连词用法相对少，常用 “except that（后接从句 ，表 “除了…… 之外” ） 如，The room is nice except that it's a bit small.（这个房间不错，除了有点小 。） 【拓展】 相关短语： 1.except for（除了…… 之外 ，用于对整体肯定、局部修正 ，和 “except” 有区别 ，“except for” 后接的内容和前面不是同类事物 ），如 “The composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.（这篇作文不错，除了一些拼写错误 。）” 2.besides作副词（adv.）：意为“而且；此外；还有”，用于补充额外信息 如，Besides, I have a lot of work to do.（而且/此外，我还有很多工作要做 。） 作介词（prep.）：意为“除……之外（还 ）”，强调包含所提内容，是“累加”逻辑。 后接成分：可接名词、代词、动名词，在动词do后还能接不带to的不定式 。 如，Besides English, I also speak French.（除英语外，我还会说法语 。）（英语、法语都是会的内容，表累加 ） Besides being a teacher, he was a poet.（除了是教师，他还是诗人 。） 3.易混词区别 besides：表“累加”，即“除了A，还有B”，A、B都包含 。 Besides Tom, Mary will go to the party.（除汤姆外，玛丽也会去派对 。→ 汤姆、玛丽都去 ） except：表“排除”，即“除了A，其他都……”，A被排除在外 。 Everyone will go to the party except Tom.（除汤姆外，大家都去派对 。→ 汤姆不去 ） 15.gradually ：adv. 逐步地；渐进地 例：The weather gradually became warmer.（天气逐渐变暖了。） Gradually, she learned to trust others.（渐渐地，她学会了信任他人。） 【拓展】 形容词：gradual（例：a gradual process 渐进的过程） 16.suggestion ： n. 建议 可数名词-，例：She gave me a suggestion to try online courses.（她建议我尝试网络课程。） My suggestion is that we (should) start early.（我的建议是我们早点出发。） 【拓展】 1）动词：suggest（建议；暗示）后接动名词作宾语，不接to do 例：He suggested going for a walk.（他建议去散步。） 2）advice， advise advise（v. 建议；劝告）  接名词/代词作宾语： 表示“建议/劝告某人/某事”。例：She advised us the plan.（她向我们建议了这个计划。）  接不定式复合结构：advise sb. to do sth.（建议某人做某事）。 例：The doctor advised him to rest.（医生建议他休息。） advice（n. 建议；劝告）  不可数名词：表示“一条建议”用“a piece of advice”，“多条建议”用“pieces of advice”。 例：She gave me a piece of advice on study.（她给了我一条学习上的建议。） 17.drop by：顺便访问；随便进入 例：Drop by my house when you are free.（你有空的时候顺便来我家 。） 18. after all：毕竟；终归（常放在句首、句中 。） 例：e is a child after all, so be patient with him.（他毕竟是个孩子，对他耐心点 。） It turned out to be a good idea after all.（终归这是个好主意 。） 19.clean...off ：把……擦掉 例：Clean the mud off your shoes.（把你鞋子上的泥擦掉 。） 20.take off：脱下（衣服）；（飞机等）起飞 例：Take off your coat, it's hot inside.（脱掉外套，里面很热 。） The plane will take off in ten minutes.（飞机十分钟后起飞 。） 21.go out of one's way to do:特地；格外努力(=make an effort to do努力做 ) 例：She went out of her way to help the new classmate.（她特地去帮助新同学 。） 22.make...feel at home: 使（某人）感到宾至如归 。例：The hostess made us feel at home.（女主人让我们感觉宾至如归 。） 二、句型导学 1. You're supposed to shake hands.你应该握手。（教材P33） 1）be supposed to "be supposed to" 意思是“应该 (=should)”或“被期望”。它用于表达某人被期望做某事，或者某种情况应该是这样的。 例如：I am supposed to finish my homework before dinner.我应该在晚饭前完成我的家庭作业。 2 ) expect be expected to do "expect" 意思是“期待”、“期望”或“预计”。它通常用于表达某人对某事的希望、预料或假设。 常用结构： expect to do (期待做某事）; expected sb to do (期待某人做某事） 例如 She expects to receive his reply soon. She expects him to call her back. "be expected to do" 意思是“被期望”或“应该(=should)”。它通常用于表达某人对他人的行为或责任的期待。 例如：She is expected to arrive on time. 她应该准时到达。 2. I held out my hand and to my surprise, she kissed me on both sides of my face! 我伸出手来（想要握手），可令我吃惊的是，她居然亲吻了我的双颊！（教材P34） 1）kiss为 “亲吻” 之意，既可作动词，也可作名词。作动词使用时，后面可接某人作宾语，若需进一步说出所亲吻的部位时，再用介词on引入，即形成kiss somebody on... 结构，本句便是如此。再如： Will you kiss him? 你会吻他吗？ She kissed the child on the forehead. 她吻了孩子的额头。 当kiss用作名词时，常用于give somebody a kiss on...，例如： She gave me a quick kiss on the cheek and said goodbye. 她在我面颊上轻快一吻，向我道别。 2）“to one's surprise”是一个常用短语，意思是“令某人惊讶的是”，通常用于描述某件事超出了某人的预期，让其感到意外。 比如：To her surprise, the door was unlocked.（令她惊讶的是，门居然没锁。）这里用“to her surprise”引出后面意想不到的情况。 2. Where I'm from, we're pretty relaxed about time. 在我们那个地方，我们的时间观念比较随意。（教材P35） 此句中的where用作连词，引导地点状语从句，说明主句行为发生的地点。例如： Where I live, there are plenty of peach trees. 在我住的地方有很多桃树。 Remember to keep the kids where you can see them. 记住让孩子们待在你能看得见的地方。 Notes on the Text 3.We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives. 我们珍视平日里生活中和家人、朋友在一起的时光。（教材P35） 1）动词value表示 “珍视；珍重；重视” 等含义。例如： I've always valued my teachers' advice. 我一直很重视老师们所给的建议。 2） life在此句中的意义是 “生活”，用作可数名词。例如： Many people make different kinds of friends in their social lives. 许多人在他们的社交生活中结交了各种不同的朋友。 一些常用短语和表达，如live/have/lead a... life，常用life的单数形式。如： She just wanted to live a quiet life. 她只想过平静的生活。 4. Also, we never visit a friend's house without calling first. 而且，我们也从不事先通电话便登门拜访朋友。（教材P35） 这是一个双重否定的句子，其中never和without均表示否定，合在一起表达肯定的含义，即 “一定会”。这一点，英、汉两种语言表现相近。再如： Some girls would never go out without taking time to dress themselves up. 有些女孩不花些时间穿着打扮一番是不会出门的。 You will hardly ever be able to speak good English without practicing. 你不练习几乎不可能把英语说好的。 5. Mind your manners! 注意你的礼仪！（教材P37） Mind... 是一个警示句型，相当于汉语的 “注意……；当心；小心……”。例如： Mind your head, please! 请当心碰头！ Mind your steps! 小心台阶！ 此句中manners意为 “礼貌；规矩；礼节；礼仪”，在表达这一意义时，manner常用复数形式。例如： have (no) manners 讲（不讲）礼貌；有（没有）礼貌；懂（不懂）礼貌 It's bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 满嘴食物时说话是不礼貌的行为。 8. You wouldn't believe how quickly my French has improved because of that. 你简直都想不到就因为这样我的法语提高得有多快。（教材P38） You wouldn't believe... 是一个常用句式，相当于汉语所说的 “你无法想象……；你都想不到……；你绝不会相信……”，表示所陈述的事情超出想象之外。与此类似的表达还有You would never believe... 或You would hardly believe... 。例如： You wouldn't believe that he found his long - lost sister in Taiwan! 你绝对想不到他在台湾找到了失散多年的姐姐！ You would never believe what quick progress he's made ever since he attended your class. It is a miracle! 您根本无法想象，自从他听了您的讲课后进步有多大。简直是个奇迹！ Notes on the Text 9. My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. 我最大的挑战是学习餐桌礼仪。（教材P38） learning how to behave at the dinner table是动词 - ing形式短语，在句中作表语。再如： His main hobby is fishing. 他的主要爱好是钓鱼。 The most important thing is getting there in time. 最重要的事是及时到达那里。 10.I have to say that I find it difficult to remember everything, but I'm gradually getting used to it.我得说，我发现记住所有（餐桌礼仪）很难，但我正逐渐习惯这些（礼仪）。（教材P38） 在英语中，“be used to (doing) sth”、“be used to do”和“used to”这三个短语虽然都含有“used to”，但它们的含义和用法却大不相同。下面将详细辨析这三个短语的区别： 1)be/get used to( doing) sth 含义：表示“习惯于做某事”。这里的“used”是形容词，意为“习惯的”，“to”是介词，后面跟动名词（doing）或者名词、代词。 用法：用于描述某人对某事物或某种情况已经感到习惯或适应。 例句：I am used to waking up early.（我习惯了早起。） Tom is used to (eating) noodles. 2 ) be used to do 含义：表示“被用来做某事”。这里的“used”是被动语态的动词，意为“被使用”，“to do”是不定式，表示目的或意图 = be used for doing。 用法：通常用于描述某物或某人被利用来达到某种目的。 例句：The tool is used to open bottles.（这个工具是用来开瓶子的。） = The tool is used for opening bottles. 3) used to 含义：表示“过去常常做某事，但现在不再这样做了”。这里的“used”是动词，意为“过去经常”，“to”后面跟原形动词。 用法：用于描述过去的习惯或状态，强调与现在的对比。 例句：She used to smoke, but she doesn’t anymore.（她过去常常抽烟，但现在不抽了。） 辨析：Tom used to take a bus to school, but now he is used to walking to school. 综上所述，虽然这三个短语都包含“used to”，但它们的含义、用法和语法结构都有所不同。在使用时，需要根据具体的语境和意图来选择合适的表达方式。 三、语法导学 动词不定式做主语 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如， It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 常用句式有： 1)、It+be+名词+to do。 2)、It takes sb.+some time+to do。 3)、It+be+形容词+(for/of) sb +to do。 阅读填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Teresa Lopez Cali, Colombia Where I'm from, we're pretty 1.___________(relax) about time. We don't like to rush around, so we don't mind if people are a little late sometimes. If you tell a friend you're going to their house for dinner, it's OK if you arrive a bit late. We like to enjoy our time slowly. We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday 2. _________(life) . We often just drop 3.________ our friends' homes if we have time. We don't usually have to make plans to meet our friends. When we see each other, it's polite for boys 4._________(shake)hands and for girls to kiss each other on the side of the face. We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can! Marc LeBlanc Lausanne, Switzerland In Switzerland, it's very important 5.________(be) on time. We're 6._______ capital of clocks and watches, after all! If someone invites you to meet him or her at noon, then you're 7.________(expect) to be there at noon. If you're even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.8.________ I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends. I always leave the house early 9.________(avoid) heavy traffic because I think it impolite to keep others __________(wait). Also, we never visit a friend's house without calling first. We almost always make plans to see friends. We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together. 答案：1.relaxed 2.lives 3.by 4. to shake 5.to be 6.the 7.expected 8.So 9. to avoid 10.waiting 解析：【导语】 文章通过 Teresa（哥伦比亚卡利） 和 Marc（瑞士洛桑） 的视角，对比介绍了两地在 时间观念 和 社交习惯 上的差异。 1. be动词后接形容词，描述“对时间的态度”。 语境：哥伦比亚人不着急，对时间“宽松”，故用 relaxed（relax的形容词，表“放松的；宽松的”）。 2. everyday修饰名词，“life”表“生活”时，复数为 lives（因主语是“our”，指多人的生活）。语境：“在日常生活中，我们重视和家人朋友相处的时间”，故用 lives。 3. by固定短语 drop by + 地点，意为“顺路拜访某地”。语境：“有空就顺路去朋友家”，符合哥伦比亚随意的社交方式。 4. It’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 句型（不定式作真正主语）。 语境：“男孩握手是礼貌的”，故用 to shake（shake hands为固定搭配）。 5. It’s + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型（不定式作真正主语）。 语境：“瑞士很重视守时”，“be on time”表“守时”，故用 to be。 6. 定冠词 the 表特指，“the capital of clocks and watches”是瑞士的专属称号（钟表之都）。 语境：瑞士以钟表闻名，用 the 强调“……的代表”。 7. 被动语态 be expected to do，意为“被期望/应该做某事”。 语境：“别人约你中午见面，你应该准时到”，体现瑞士对守时的严格要求。 8.连词，表因果关系（前文“迟到会让朋友生气” → 后文“我努力守时”）。 9.不定式作目的状语（“早出门”的目的是“避开拥堵”）。 语境：“早出门是为了避堵”，故用 to avoid。 10. 固定结构 keep sb. doing sth.（现在分词作宾补，表“让某人一直做某事”）。 语境：“让别人一直等是不礼貌的”，故用 waiting。 考点1 动词不定式做主语 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Nancy didn't know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after - school club_______(meet) some new friends. 2.—It is convenient for us _________(buy) things online. —So it is. 3.Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It's important for people __________(have) a peaceful world. 4.It's important for us _________(work) hard in order to have a better life. 5.The teacher told us ____________(not make) too much noise because the other students were having an exam. 6.My mother expected me ______ (enter) a key school after graduation from the junior school. 7.It is time for us _________(have) breakfast 8.It is impolite __________(shout) at others. 9.It is villages' dream __________(have) a bridge. 10.It took the workers ____________(build) the bridge. 答案与解析 1. to meet（目的状语，“为了认识新朋友”） 2. to buy（固定句型“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”） 3. to have（同上，“对人们来说拥有和平世界很重要”） 4. to work（同上） 5. not to make（固定搭配“tell sb. not to do sth.”，否定形式在to前加not） 6. to enter（“expect sb. to do sth.”期望某人做某事） 7. to have（“It is time for sb. to do sth.”该做某事了） 8. to shout（“It is + adj. + to do sth.”，不定式做真正主语） 9. to have（“It is + n. + to do sth.”，村庄的梦想是有一座桥） 10. to build（固定句型“It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.”） 【解题技巧】 1. 判断句型结构： 看到“It is + adj./n. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.”时，不定式“to do”做真正主语，如第2、3、4、8、9题。 “It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.”中，不定式表动作，如第10题。 2. 固定搭配记忆： 常见动词+不定式结构：decide to do（第1题）、expect to do（第6题）、tell sb. (not) to do（第5题）、it’s time to do（第7题）。 否定形式直接在to前加not，如“not to make”。 3. 区分目的状语与主语： 若不定式表“为了……”（目的），则做状语，如第1题“to meet friends”；若用it做形式主语，不定式是真正主语，如“It’s convenient to buy things”。 4. 逻辑主语判断： -句型中若有“for/of sb.”，需注意sb.是否为不定式动作的发出者（如第3题“for people to have”，人们是“拥有”的主语）。 核心原则：熟记固定句型和动词搭配，通过句子结构判断不定式的功能（主语、状语、宾语等），否定形式注意not的位置。 考点2 be supposed to 1. As a student, you are __________ (expect) to study hard. 2. In many cultures, children are expected ____________(respect) their elders. 3. I expect ___________(finish) my homework by 8 PM. 4.My parents expect me __________(be) a teacher. 5.We __________ (suppose) to turn off the lights when we leave a room. 6.We are supposed___________(clean) our rooms every weekend. 答案 1.expected 2.to respect 3.to finish 4.to be 5.supposed 6. to clean 解析 1. expected（固定搭配“be expected to do sth.”，表示“被期望做某事”） 2. to respect（“expect sb. to do sth.”，孩子们被期望尊重长辈） 3. to finish（“expect to do sth.”，主语I期望自己完成作业） 4. to be（“expect sb. to do sth.”，父母期望我成为老师） 5. are supposed（“be supposed to do sth.”，表示“应该做某事”，主语We对应are） 6. to clean（“be supposed to do sth.”的不定式结构） 【解题技巧】 看到空格前有be动词（am/is/are），优先考虑“be supposed to do”或被动结构“be expected to do”； 若空格前是主语+expect，则根据“expect to do”或“expect sb. to do”判断； 注意时态和主谓一致，如第5题We对应are supposed。 考点3 “be used to (doing) sth”、“be used to do”和“used to” 单项选择 1. My grandfather ______ live in a small village, but now he lives in the city. A. used to B. get used to C. is used to 2. This machine ______ make bread. A. is used to making B. used to make C.is used to make 3. She ______ getting up early in the morning. A. is used to B. used to C. is used for 4. I ______ basketball after school, but now I have too much homework. A. used to playing B. used to play C. am used to playing 5. Wood can______ paper. A. be used to make B. be used to making C. used to make 答案与解析 1. A. 解析：“used to do sth.”表示“过去常常做某事”，与后文“now he lives in the city”形成过去与现在对比。 2. C. 解析：“be used to do sth.”表示“被用来做某事”，机器被用来做面包，用被动结构。 3. A. 解析：“be used to doing sth.”表示“习惯于做某事”，她习惯早起，用动名词getting up。 4. B. 解析：“used to do sth.”过去常常打篮球，与现在“作业太多”对比；A选项形式错误（used to后接动词原形）。 5. A. 6.解析：“be used to do sth.”被动结构，木材被用来造纸，can后接动词原形be。 用所给单词适当形式填空 1.I am used to ________(do) my homework beforeＩgo out to play . 2. A pen is used ___________(write) . 3.I used __________(collect) stamps, but now I enjoy collecting coins. 答案与解析 1. doing（be used to doing 习惯于做） 2. to write（be used to do 被用来写） 3. to collect（used to do 过去常常收集） 考点4 suggest 、advise 用所给单词适当形式填空 1.Our school often advises the students, especially teenage girls _______(do) some chores at home to help busy parents. 2.If you have any ___________(suggest)for the party, please let me know. —Why not go to Qingdao on May Day,Jim? 3.Mr Black gave us ______(advise) on how to learn English well. 4.I don't know how to deal with my family problem. Can you give me some_______(suggest)? 5.Liu Xiang _______(advise)by his coach to train regularly. 6.---Where may you advise me ________(start ) my business? ---In my opinion, Yichang is one of the best places for you. 答案与解析 1. to do 解析：“advise sb. to do sth.”建议某人做某事，学校建议学生做家务。 2. suggestions 解析：“any + 名词”，suggest的名词形式为suggestion，此处用复数。 3. advice 解析：“give sb. advice”建议（不可数名词），布莱克先生给学英语的建议。 4. suggestions 解析：“some + 名词”，suggestion为可数名词，用复数。 5. was advised 解析：刘翔“被教练建议”，用被动语态was advised（过去时）。 6. to start 解析：“advise sb. to do sth.”建议某人开始，用不定式to start。 知识图谱记忆 Unit 5 You’re supposed to shake hands. 单元重点单词 custom bow kiss greet relaxed value capital manner blackboard northern coast season knock eastern worth exchange empty basic behave except gradually suggestion 单元重点短语 drop by after all clean...off take off go out of one's way to do make...feel at home get used to 单元重点句型 What are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time? You’re supposed to shake hands./You’re not supposed to kiss. When were you supposed to arrive? I was supposed to arrive at 7:00. Am I supposed to wear jeans? No, you’re expected to wear a suit and tie. Is it impolite to keep others waiting? Yes, it’s very impolite to keep others waiting. Is it important to be on time? Yes, it’s important to be on time. 单元语法 动词不定式做主语 一、单项选择 1.When you visit a foreign country, it's important to learn about local ______ like greeting ways. A. custom B. rule C. game D. secret 答案：A 解析：“greeting ways（问候方式）”属于当地“习俗”，rule（规则）、game（游戏）、secret（秘密）均不符语境。 2.In some countries, people ______ on the cheek when saying hello to close friends. A.bow B. hug C. shake D. kiss 答案：D 解析：根据常识，部分国家与亲密朋友打招呼时会“亲吻脸颊”。bow（鞠躬）、hug（拥抱）、shake（握手）虽为问候方式，但不符合“脸颊”的动作搭配。 3.After finishing the exam, I felt ______ and went to play basketball with friends. A. tired B. relaxed C. nervous D. angry 答案：B 解析：“考完试后去打篮球”应是感到“放松”，tired（疲惫）、nervous（紧张）、angry（生气）与语境矛盾。 4.My parents always ______ family time and we have dinner together every day. A. waste B. save C. need D. value 答案：D 解析：“每天一起吃晚餐”体现“重视家庭时光”。waste（浪费）、save（节省）、need（需要）均不符合“always”强调的习惯性行为。 5.We decided to ______ our aunt's house after the movie since it's nearby. A. drop by B. look for C. wait for D. clean up 答案：A 解析：“电影结束后，因阿姨家在附近”，所以“顺便拜访”。look for（寻找）、wait for（等待）、clean up（清理）与“nearby”逻辑不符。 6.Tokyo is the ______ of Japan, a city famous for its modern buildings and culture. A. center B. town C. capital D. village 答案：C 解析：东京是日本的“首都”，center（中心）、town（城镇）、village（村庄）均与常识不符。 7. Don't be too hard on him—he's only 10 years old, ______. A. at first B. after all C. at last D. for example 答案：B 解析：“别对他太苛刻——他才10岁”，用“毕竟”解释原因。at first（起初）、at last（最后）、for example（例如）逻辑不通。 8.It's bad ______ to talk with your mouth full during meals. A. manners B. habits C. ideas D. rules 答案：A 解析：“吃饭时嘴里塞满食物说话”是不好的“礼仪”。habits（习惯）、ideas（想法）、rules（规则）不与“bad”搭配表示礼仪范畴。 9.You can't board the plane without a ______ when traveling abroad. A. ticket B. wallet C. passport D. phone 答案：C 解析：“出国旅行”必须有“护照”，ticket（机票）、wallet（钱包）、phone（手机）非必需。 10.Please ______ the dirty marks ______ the desk before the class begins. A. clean...off B. take...out C. put...on D. look...up 答案：A 解析：“上课前把桌子上的脏痕迹擦掉”，clean off符合“去除污渍”的动作。take out（取出）、put on（穿上）、look up（查询）与“marks”无关。 11.Spring is my favorite ______ because all the flowers come out. A. month B. season C. week D. day 答案：B 解析：“春天”是“季节”，month（月份）、week（周）、day（天）均与“Spring”范畴不符。 12.When you enter a Japanese house, you need to ______ your shoes at the door. A. put on B. take off C. give up D. look after 答案：B 解析：“进入日本房屋”需“脱鞋”，put on（穿上）、give up（放弃）、look after（照顾）与常识相反。 13. The book is so interesting that it's ______ reading with your friends. A. ready B. able C. worth D. sure 答案：C 解析：“这本书很有趣，值得和朋友共读”，be worth doing为固定搭配。ready（准备）、able（能够）、sure（确定）不接动名词。 14. You should ______ politely when visiting your friend's house. A. speak B. walk C. behave D. eat 答案：C 解析：“拜访朋友家时应礼貌举止”，behave politely表示“行为得体”。speak（说话）、walk（走路）、eat（吃）均为具体动作，不如“behave”全面。 15.Everyone in the class passed the test ______ Lily, who was absent that day. A. except B. besides C. including D. beside 答案：A 解析：“全班都通过考试，除了那天缺席的Lily”，except表示“排除在外”。besides（除……外还有）、including（包括）、beside（在旁边）逻辑错误。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet（单簧管）. The first year had gone ___1___. But as most students progressed, I seemed to ___2___ behind. One day, when my teacher told us to perform in class, I was filled with ___3___. When I began to play, my rhythms（节奏）were good, but my tone（调）was another ___4___. “Didn’t you practice your lesson?” the teacher shouted at me. I felt so ___5___ and my world fell down at once. From then on, I ___6___ playing the clarinet and I was getting worse. With the new performance coming near, I grew ___7___ upset. In a moment of panic（惊慌）, I asked for sick leave. It was such a(n) ___8___ way out and I was totally in relief. I continued ___9___ my lessons until my mum asked me about it. “I want to give up,” said with tears in my eyes. “Why are you ____10____, if you really want to give up?” asked mum. She had a(n) ____11____ and I realized that I really wanted to stay in the band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to ____12____ out of. I knew it’s time to find my way out. The next day I ____13____ with my other band teacher and told her about my problems. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, ____14____ only an unpleasant sound came out he handed me a new reed（簧片）. I put it in place and tried again. To my ____15____, I could play so well. Hiding from those fears only digs a hole, making a person trapped（陷入困境）inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and more enjoyable. 1. A. slowly B. quickly C. quietly D. smoothly 2. A. walk B. fall C. step D. move 3. A. fear B. regret C. joy D. courage 4. A. novel B. piece C. story D. part 5. A. relaxed B. embarrassed C. worried D. nervous 6. A. loved B. kept C. hated D. started 7. A. finally B. hopefully C. suddenly D. increasingly 8. A. hard B. easy C. silly D. painful 9. A. avoiding B. taking C. choosing D. attending 10. A. shouting B. crying C. changing D. asking 11. A. point B. idea C. sight D. mind 12. A. push B. pull C. draw D. climb 13. A. argued B. played C. met D. worked 14. A. and B. but C. or D. so 15. A. sadness B. amusement C. surprise D. disappointment 答案: 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C 解析:【导语】本文讲述作者在六年级学单簧管遇到挫败，然后勇敢直面恐惧并战胜它的故事。 1.句意：第一年过得很顺利。 slowly缓慢地；quickly快速地；quietly安静地；smoothly顺利地。根据下文“But as most students progressed, I seemed to…behind.”可知，后来似乎掉队了，说明第一年过得比较顺利，应用smoothly来表示。故选D。 2.句意：但随着大多数学生的进步，我似乎落后了。 walk走路；fall落下；step踏上；move移动。根据“behind”可知此处应用动词短语fall behind表示“落后”。故选B。 3.句意：有一天，当我的老师让我们在其他学生面前演奏时，我充满了恐惧。 fear害怕，恐惧；regret悔恨，遗憾；joy喜悦，快乐；courage勇气。根据下文“and my world fell down at once”可知，我的世界瞬间崩塌了，说明很害怕。故选A。 4.句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。 novel小说；piece片；story故事；part部分。根据“my rhythms（节奏）were good, but my tone（调）was another”可知，节奏和音调不是同一回事，应用story来表示。故选C。 5.句意：我感觉很尴尬，我的世界一下子就塌了下来。 relaxed放松的；embarrassed尴尬的；worried担忧的；nervous紧张的。根据“the teacher shouted at me”可知，老师对着我吼道，因此此处应是感到尴尬。故选B。 6.句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且我的情况越来越糟。 loved热爱；kept保持；hated讨厌；started开始。根据下文“I was getting worse”可知，我的情况变得更糟糕，说明我讨厌吹单簧管。故选C。 7.句意：随着新演出的临近，我越来越沮丧。 finally最后；hopefully满怀希望地；suddenly突然；increasingly越来越多地。根据“In a moment of panic（惊慌）, I asked for sick leave.”可知，我很惊慌，请病假，说明越来越沮丧，应用increasingly来表示“越来越多地”。故选D。 8.句意：这是一条如此简单的出路，我完全松了一口气。 hard困难的；easy容易的；silly愚蠢的；painful痛苦的。根据“I was totally in relief”可知，我松了一口气，说明这条出路很容易。故选B。 9.句意：我继续逃课，直到我妈妈问起了这件事。 avoiding避开；taking拿取；choosing选择；attending参加。根据上文“I asked for sick leave”可知，我装病躲避上课。故选A。 10.句意：如果你真的想放弃，你为什么哭？ shouting喊叫；crying哭；changing改变；asking问。根据“said with tears in my eyes”可知作者在哭，妈妈问如果真的想放弃，为什么还要哭。故选B。 11.句意：她说的有道理，我意识到我真的很想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。 point点；idea主意；sight视野；mind心力。根据“I realized that”可知此处应用have a point表示“有道理”。故选A。 12.句意：她说的有道理，我意识到我真的很想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。 push推；pull拉；draw画；climb爬。根据“I had created a black hole”可知此处指很难爬出这个创造出来的黑洞。故选D。 13.句意：第二天，我见到了另一位乐队老师，并向她讲述了我的问题。 argued争吵；played玩耍；met遇见；worked工作。根据“told her about my problems”可知此处应用动词短语meet with表示“见到，遇见”。故选C。 14.句意：我试了试，但只发出一个不愉快的声音出来。 and并且；but但是；or或者；so因此。根据“I tried”和“only an unpleasant sound came out”可知，我试了试，但只发出一个不愉快的声音出来。前后两句存在意思上的转折，应用but来连接。故选B。 15.句意：令我惊喜的是，我可以演奏得这么好。 sadness悲伤；amusement好笑，搞笑；surprise惊喜；disappointment失望。根据“I could play so well”可知，我演奏得很好，这事是让我感到惊喜的。故选C。 三、阅读理解 A Short online courses Choose from thousands of online courses from top universities. Explore featured courses The spirit of sports: fair play, teamwork, a never-give-up attitude (态度) Discover the passion and happiness of playing ball games What do you need to know about ball games? How can you improve your skills and build a strong body? How can you work as a team? Join us! Basketball Skills to be improved: shooting, passing, dribbling, team play Requirements: age 12; height 175 cm+ Time: 19th June—16th July Coach: Zhang Qiang Tel: 0531-55660266 Developed by: Shandong Sport University Football Skills to be improved: passing, shooting, goalkeeping Requirements: age 15; height 165—175cm Time: 10th September—30th October Coach: Mr Lai Email: footballLife@ dundun.com Developed by: Tianjin University of Sport Table tennis Skills to be improved: brainpower Requirements: basic ping-pong skills; age 8+ Time: 10th July—30th July Coach: Professor Lin Tel: 010-8000-7000 Developed by: Beijing Sport University Volleyball Skills to be improved: passing, serving, spiking, teamwork Requirements: age 14+ Time: 10th July—6th September Coach: Wang Wei Email: werw, weilovevolleyball@121.com Developed by: Chengdu Sport University When would you like to start? Start straight away and join a global classroom of learners. If the course hasn’t started yet, you’ll see the future date below. Learning on the courses On every step of the courses you can meet other learners from all over the world, share your ideas and join in with active discussions in the comments (评论). 1. When does the basketball course start? A. June 19th. B. July 16th. C. September 10th. D. July 10th. 2. Who will you learn with in the football course? A. Zhang Qiang. B. Mr Lai. C. Professor Lin. D. Wang Wei. 3. If you are 13 and 1.65 meters tall, which course can you take? A. Basketball. B. Football. C. Table tennis. D. Volleyball. 4. Who developed the volleyball course? A. Shandong Sport University. B. Tianjin University of Sport. C. Beijing Sport University. D. Chengdu Sport University. 5 Who are the courses for? A. Learners around the world. B. Learners from China only. C. University students only. D. Coaches only. 答案: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 解析:【导语】本文主要介绍了短期体育网络课程的信息。 1.细节理解题。根据“Time: 19th June—16th July”可知篮球课程是在6月19号开始。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据“Coach: Mr Lai”可知足球教练赖先生。故选B。 3.细节理解题。根据“age 8+”可知乒乓球课程要求年龄在8岁以上，且没有身高限制。故选C。 4.细节理解题。根据“Developed by: Chengdu Sport University”可知成都体育大学开发了排球课程。故选D。 5.细节理解题。根据“On every step of the courses you can meet other learners from all over the world”可知课程适合来自世界各地的学习者。故选A。 四、短文还原 Enjoy Nature with Foraging (搜寻)! Do you enjoy walking in nature? Do you like learning about trees and plants? ____1____. Foraging is a lot like looking for a treasure. You look around in places like forests and lakes to find different kinds of plants that you can eat. Foraging is a lot of fun. ____2____. Some of these plants are dangerous. Some of them are good to eat. You can spend many relaxing hours walking around in the wild, looking for good plants to eat. ____3____. It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat, but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are. Before you go foraging, take a class about it. Learn how the different kinds of plants that you can eat look in the wild. Practice finding them with your foraging teacher. Then join a group of foragers. ___4____. Never eat anything until you are 100% sure of what it is. Some people have become sick by accident because they ate a wild plant that was dangerous. Foragers follow some important rules. They do not collect all of the plants in one area. If you take all the plants from one area, no more will grow there. ____5____, like by a road or parking lot. If the area is very dirty, the plants there will not be good to eat and may make you very sick. 根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. Your answer is yes B. You may like foraging C. Look for wild plants together D. Do not look for plants in areas with a lot of cars E. While foraging is a lot of fun, you still have to be careful F. When you walk in the forest, you can find many kinds of plants 答案: 1. B 2. F 3. E 4. C 5. D 解析:【导语】本文主要讲在搜寻中享受大自然。 1.根据“Foraging is a lot like looking for a treasure.”可知此处提到了可能喜欢搜寻，B项“你可能喜欢搜寻”符合语境。故选B。 2.根据“Some of these plants are dangerous. Some of them are good to eat.”可知搜寻中发现了植物，F项“当你在森林里散步时，你可以发现许多种类的植物”符合语境。故选F。 3.根据“It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat, but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are.”可知要小心，不能随便吃，E项“虽然搜寻很有趣，但你还是要小心”符合语境。故选E。 4.根据“Then join a group of foragers.”可知可以加入团队一起搜寻，C项“一起寻找野生植物”符合语境。故选C。 5.根据“like by a road or parking lot”可知路边或停车场汽车多，D项“不要在有很多汽车的地区寻找植物”符合语境。故选D。 五、情景运用 1. A: What are people in Japan supposed to do when they meet for the first time? B: _____________________________________________________________. 2. A:_____________________________________________________ B: It is Tom’s. 3. A: ____________________________? B: They are made of wood. 4. A:____________________________________________ B:I like music that I can dance to. 5. A: How did Tom use to go to school? B:______________________________________________ 参考答案 1.They are supposed to bow (when they meet for the first time). 2.Whose basketball is this? 3.What are the chopsticks made of? 4.What kind of music do you like? 5.He used to go to school by bus. 六、书面表达 背景：近年来，随着科技发展，电子产品越来越多，学生的汉字书写能力大大降低。假定你是校书法协会的会长，为了让同学们重视书写，写一封倡议书。 内容要求： 1. 减少对电子产品的依赖，多动手记笔记； 2. 养成练书法和写日记的习惯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 With the development of technology, more and more students prefer to use electric products for taking notes and sending messages, rather than write on the paper. Thus, our handwriting is not as good as it was in the past. Facing the problem, we should do as follows: First, we should use less electric products when learning. If so, we can have more opportunities to improve our handwriting. Besides, we must form the habit of practising calligraphy every day. What's more, it is better to write letters to our relatives and friends by hand instead of sending e-mails. Beautiful and neat handwriting is of great benefit to us students. So let's take action right now! I'm sure our efforts will pay off. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第05讲Unit5（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：知识图谱助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、词汇导学 1. custom：n. 风俗；习俗 如 Different countries have different customs.（不同国家有不同的风俗 。） 2.greet：v. 和……打招呼；迎接 例：People greet each other warmly during festivals.（节日期间人们热情地互相打招呼 。） He went to the airport to greet his friend.（他去机场迎接朋友 。） 【拓展】 greeting（n. 问候；招呼 ），如 ，Give my greetings to your parents.（向你父母转达我的问候 。） 3.relaxed：adj. 放松的；自在的 例：After the exam, he felt relaxed.（考试后，他感觉很放松 。） 【拓展】 relax（v. 放松；使轻松 ），如 “Relax yourself after a long day's work.（工作一整天后放松下自己 。） relaxing（adj. 令人放松的 ，常用来修饰事物 ，如 “a relaxing holiday （一个令人放松的假期 ） relaxed（常修饰人 ） 4.value：v. 重视；珍视 ；n. 价值 例：We should value our time.（我们应该重视我们的时间 。） The value of this painting is very high.（这幅画的价值很高 。） 【拓展】 valuable（adj. 有价值的；贵重的 ），如， This is a valuable diamond.（这是一颗贵重的钻石 。） valueless（adj. 无价值的；不值钱的 ），如，This old broken cup is valueless.（这个破旧的杯子不值钱 。） 5.capital：n. 首都；国都 例：Beijing is the capital of China.（北京是中国的首都 。） 【拓展】 相关短语：capital city（首都城市 ） 如，Washington D.C. is the capital city of the United States.（华盛顿是美国的首都城市 。） 6.manner：n. 方式；方法 ；(pl.) 礼貌；礼仪 作 “方式；方法” 讲时，指做某事的风格、形式；作复数 “manners” 常表示社交礼仪 。 例：He solved the problem in a new manner.（他用一种新方式解决了问题 。） Good manners are important in communication.（良好的礼仪在交流中很重要 。） 【拓展】 table manners（餐桌礼仪 ），如，We should learn good table manners.（我们应该学习良好的餐桌礼仪 。） 7.season：n. 季；季节 例：Spring is my favorite season.（春天是我最喜欢的季节 。） 8.knock：n. 敲击声；敲击 ；v. 敲；击 例：There was a loud knock on the door.（门上响起一阵很响的敲击声 。） Knock at the door before entering.（进门前先敲门 。） 【拓展】 常用搭配 “knock at/on（敲击…… ，后接具体对象 ，像门、窗户等 ）” 。 相关短语： - knock down（撞倒；拆除 ），如 The strong wind knocked down the small tree.（大风把小树刮倒了 。）“They plan to knock down the old building.（他们打算拆除这座旧建筑 。）” 9.worth：adj. 值得；有……价值（的） 常用 “be worth + 名词 / 动名词” 结构 ，表示值得去做、具有某种价值 。 例：The book is worth reading.（这本书值得一读 。） This necklace is worth a lot of money.（这条项链值很多钱 。） 10.exchange：n. & v. 交换 例：There was an exchange of gifts between the two countries.（两国之间进行了礼品交换 。） They exchanged ideas about the project.（他们就这个项目交流了想法 。） 11.empty：adj. 空的；空洞的 例：The box is empty.（这个盒子是空的 。） His words are empty; he doesn't mean them.（他的话很空洞，不是真心的 。） 12.basic：adj. 基本的；基础的 例：basic knowledge（基础知识 ） The basic needs of people include food, water and shelter.（人们的基本需求包括食物、水和住所 。） 【拓展】 base（n. 基础；底部；基地 ；v. 以…… 为基础 ），如 ，The company has a strong base in the market.（这家公司在市场上有坚实的基础 。） 13.behave：v. 表现；举止 例：Children should behave well in public.（孩子们在公共场合应该举止得体 。） He behaved bravely in the face of danger.（面对危险他表现得很勇敢 。） 【拓展】 相关短语： behave badly/well（表现不好 / 好 ） 如 ，He behaved badly at the party and made others unhappy.（他在派对上表现不好，让别人不高兴了 。） -behavior（n. 行为；举止 ，英式拼写 “behaviour” ），如，His behavior was praised by everyone.（他的行为受到大家赞扬 。） 14.except：prep. 除……之外 ；conj. 除了；只是 作介词时，用于排除某个人或事物，后接名词、代词、动名词等 。 例：Everyone is here except Tom.（除了汤姆，大家都在这儿 。）” “except” 作连词时，用法类似 ，但连接句子。 例：She is a good student except she is a little lazy.（她是个好学生，只是有点懒 。） 不过作连词用法相对少，常用 “except that（后接从句 ，表 “除了…… 之外” ） 如，The room is nice except that it's a bit small.（这个房间不错，除了有点小 。） 【拓展】 相关短语： 1.except for（除了…… 之外 ，用于对整体肯定、局部修正 ，和 “except” 有区别 ，“except for” 后接的内容和前面不是同类事物 ），如 “The composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.（这篇作文不错，除了一些拼写错误 。）” 2.besides作副词（adv.）：意为“而且；此外；还有”，用于补充额外信息 如，Besides, I have a lot of work to do.（而且/此外，我还有很多工作要做 。） 作介词（prep.）：意为“除……之外（还 ）”，强调包含所提内容，是“累加”逻辑。 后接成分：可接名词、代词、动名词，在动词do后还能接不带to的不定式 。 如，Besides English, I also speak French.（除英语外，我还会说法语 。）（英语、法语都是会的内容，表累加 ） Besides being a teacher, he was a poet.（除了是教师，他还是诗人 。） 3.易混词区别 besides：表“累加”，即“除了A，还有B”，A、B都包含 。 Besides Tom, Mary will go to the party.（除汤姆外，玛丽也会去派对 。→ 汤姆、玛丽都去 ） except：表“排除”，即“除了A，其他都……”，A被排除在外 。 Everyone will go to the party except Tom.（除汤姆外，大家都去派对 。→ 汤姆不去 ） 15.gradually ：adv. 逐步地；渐进地 例：The weather gradually became warmer.（天气逐渐变暖了。） Gradually, she learned to trust others.（渐渐地，她学会了信任他人。） 【拓展】 形容词：gradual（例：a gradual process 渐进的过程） 16.suggestion ： n. 建议 可数名词-，例：She gave me a suggestion to try online courses.（她建议我尝试网络课程。） My suggestion is that we (should) start early.（我的建议是我们早点出发。） 【拓展】 1）动词：suggest（建议；暗示）后接动名词作宾语，不接to do 例：He suggested going for a walk.（他建议去散步。） 2）advice， advise advise（v. 建议；劝告）  接名词/代词作宾语： 表示“建议/劝告某人/某事”。例：She advised us the plan.（她向我们建议了这个计划。）  接不定式复合结构：advise sb. to do sth.（建议某人做某事）。 例：The doctor advised him to rest.（医生建议他休息。） advice（n. 建议；劝告）  不可数名词：表示“一条建议”用“a piece of advice”，“多条建议”用“pieces of advice”。 例：She gave me a piece of advice on study.（她给了我一条学习上的建议。） 17.drop by：顺便访问；随便进入 例：Drop by my house when you are free.（你有空的时候顺便来我家 。） 18. after all：毕竟；终归（常放在句首、句中 。） 例：e is a child after all, so be patient with him.（他毕竟是个孩子，对他耐心点 。） It turned out to be a good idea after all.（终归这是个好主意 。） 19.clean...off ：把……擦掉 例：Clean the mud off your shoes.（把你鞋子上的泥擦掉 。） 20.take off：脱下（衣服）；（飞机等）起飞 例：Take off your coat, it's hot inside.（脱掉外套，里面很热 。） The plane will take off in ten minutes.（飞机十分钟后起飞 。） 21.go out of one's way to do:特地；格外努力(=make an effort to do努力做 ) 例：She went out of her way to help the new classmate.（她特地去帮助新同学 。） 22.make...feel at home: 使（某人）感到宾至如归 。例：The hostess made us feel at home.（女主人让我们感觉宾至如归 。） 二、句型导学 1. You're supposed to shake hands.你应该握手。（教材P33） 1）be supposed to "be supposed to" 意思是“应该 (=should)”或“被期望”。它用于表达某人被期望做某事，或者某种情况应该是这样的。 例如：I am supposed to finish my homework before dinner.我应该在晚饭前完成我的家庭作业。 2 ) expect be expected to do "expect" 意思是“期待”、“期望”或“预计”。它通常用于表达某人对某事的希望、预料或假设。 常用结构： expect to do (期待做某事）; expected sb to do (期待某人做某事） 例如 She expects to receive his reply soon. She expects him to call her back. "be expected to do" 意思是“被期望”或“应该(=should)”。它通常用于表达某人对他人的行为或责任的期待。 例如：She is expected to arrive on time. 她应该准时到达。 2. I held out my hand and to my surprise, she kissed me on both sides of my face! 我伸出手来（想要握手），可令我吃惊的是，她居然亲吻了我的双颊！（教材P34） 1）kiss为 “亲吻” 之意，既可作动词，也可作名词。作动词使用时，后面可接某人作宾语，若需进一步说出所亲吻的部位时，再用介词on引入，即形成kiss somebody on... 结构，本句便是如此。再如： Will you kiss him? 你会吻他吗？ She kissed the child on the forehead. 她吻了孩子的额头。 当kiss用作名词时，常用于give somebody a kiss on...，例如： She gave me a quick kiss on the cheek and said goodbye. 她在我面颊上轻快一吻，向我道别。 2）“to one's surprise”是一个常用短语，意思是“令某人惊讶的是”，通常用于描述某件事超出了某人的预期，让其感到意外。 比如：To her surprise, the door was unlocked.（令她惊讶的是，门居然没锁。）这里用“to her surprise”引出后面意想不到的情况。 2. Where I'm from, we're pretty relaxed about time. 在我们那个地方，我们的时间观念比较随意。（教材P35） 此句中的where用作连词，引导地点状语从句，说明主句行为发生的地点。例如： Where I live, there are plenty of peach trees. 在我住的地方有很多桃树。 Remember to keep the kids where you can see them. 记住让孩子们待在你能看得见的地方。 Notes on the Text 3.We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives. 我们珍视平日里生活中和家人、朋友在一起的时光。（教材P35） 1）动词value表示 “珍视；珍重；重视” 等含义。例如： I've always valued my teachers' advice. 我一直很重视老师们所给的建议。 2） life在此句中的意义是 “生活”，用作可数名词。例如： Many people make different kinds of friends in their social lives. 许多人在他们的社交生活中结交了各种不同的朋友。 一些常用短语和表达，如live/have/lead a... life，常用life的单数形式。如： She just wanted to live a quiet life. 她只想过平静的生活。 4. Also, we never visit a friend's house without calling first. 而且，我们也从不事先通电话便登门拜访朋友。（教材P35） 这是一个双重否定的句子，其中never和without均表示否定，合在一起表达肯定的含义，即 “一定会”。这一点，英、汉两种语言表现相近。再如： Some girls would never go out without taking time to dress themselves up. 有些女孩不花些时间穿着打扮一番是不会出门的。 You will hardly ever be able to speak good English without practicing. 你不练习几乎不可能把英语说好的。 5. Mind your manners! 注意你的礼仪！（教材P37） Mind... 是一个警示句型，相当于汉语的 “注意……；当心；小心……”。例如： Mind your head, please! 请当心碰头！ Mind your steps! 小心台阶！ 此句中manners意为 “礼貌；规矩；礼节；礼仪”，在表达这一意义时，manner常用复数形式。例如： have (no) manners 讲（不讲）礼貌；有（没有）礼貌；懂（不懂）礼貌 It's bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 满嘴食物时说话是不礼貌的行为。 8. You wouldn't believe how quickly my French has improved because of that. 你简直都想不到就因为这样我的法语提高得有多快。（教材P38） You wouldn't believe... 是一个常用句式，相当于汉语所说的 “你无法想象……；你都想不到……；你绝不会相信……”，表示所陈述的事情超出想象之外。与此类似的表达还有You would never believe... 或You would hardly believe... 。例如： You wouldn't believe that he found his long - lost sister in Taiwan! 你绝对想不到他在台湾找到了失散多年的姐姐！ You would never believe what quick progress he's made ever since he attended your class. It is a miracle! 您根本无法想象，自从他听了您的讲课后进步有多大。简直是个奇迹！ Notes on the Text 9. My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. 我最大的挑战是学习餐桌礼仪。（教材P38） learning how to behave at the dinner table是动词 - ing形式短语，在句中作表语。再如： His main hobby is fishing. 他的主要爱好是钓鱼。 The most important thing is getting there in time. 最重要的事是及时到达那里。 10.I have to say that I find it difficult to remember everything, but I'm gradually getting used to it.我得说，我发现记住所有（餐桌礼仪）很难，但我正逐渐习惯这些（礼仪）。（教材P38） 在英语中，“be used to (doing) sth”、“be used to do”和“used to”这三个短语虽然都含有“used to”，但它们的含义和用法却大不相同。下面将详细辨析这三个短语的区别： 1)be/get used to( doing) sth 含义：表示“习惯于做某事”。这里的“used”是形容词，意为“习惯的”，“to”是介词，后面跟动名词（doing）或者名词、代词。 用法：用于描述某人对某事物或某种情况已经感到习惯或适应。 例句：I am used to waking up early.（我习惯了早起。） Tom is used to (eating) noodles. 2 ) be used to do 含义：表示“被用来做某事”。这里的“used”是被动语态的动词，意为“被使用”，“to do”是不定式，表示目的或意图 = be used for doing。 用法：通常用于描述某物或某人被利用来达到某种目的。 例句：The tool is used to open bottles.（这个工具是用来开瓶子的。） = The tool is used for opening bottles. 3) used to 含义：表示“过去常常做某事，但现在不再这样做了”。这里的“used”是动词，意为“过去经常”，“to”后面跟原形动词。 用法：用于描述过去的习惯或状态，强调与现在的对比。 例句：She used to smoke, but she doesn’t anymore.（她过去常常抽烟，但现在不抽了。） 辨析：Tom used to take a bus to school, but now he is used to walking to school. 综上所述，虽然这三个短语都包含“used to”，但它们的含义、用法和语法结构都有所不同。在使用时，需要根据具体的语境和意图来选择合适的表达方式。 三、语法导学 动词不定式做主语 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如， It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 常用句式有： 1)、It+be+名词+to do。 2)、It takes sb.+some time+to do。 3)、It+be+形容词+(for/of) sb +to do。 阅读填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Teresa Lopez Cali, Colombia Where I'm from, we're pretty 1.___________(relax) about time. We don't like to rush around, so we don't mind if people are a little late sometimes. If you tell a friend you're going to their house for dinner, it's OK if you arrive a bit late. We like to enjoy our time slowly. We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday 2. _________(life) . We often just drop 3.________ our friends' homes if we have time. We don't usually have to make plans to meet our friends. When we see each other, it's polite for boys 4._________(shake)hands and for girls to kiss each other on the side of the face. We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can! Marc LeBlanc Lausanne, Switzerland In Switzerland, it's very important 5.________(be) on time. We're 6._______ capital of clocks and watches, after all! If someone invites you to meet him or her at noon, then you're 7.________(expect) to be there at noon. If you're even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.8.________ I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends. I always leave the house early 9.________(avoid) heavy traffic because I think it impolite to keep others __________(wait). Also, we never visit a friend's house without calling first. We almost always make plans to see friends. We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together. 考点1 动词不定式做主语 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Nancy didn't know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after - school club_______(meet) some new friends. 2.—It is convenient for us _________(buy) things online. —So it is. 3.Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It's important for people __________(have) a peaceful world. 4.It's important for us _________(work) hard in order to have a better life. 5.The teacher told us ____________(not make) too much noise because the other students were having an exam. 6.My mother expected me ______ (enter) a key school after graduation from the junior school. 7.It is time for us _________(have) breakfast 8.It is impolite __________(shout) at others. 9.It is villages' dream __________(have) a bridge. 10.It took the workers ____________(build) the bridge. 考点2 be supposed to 1. As a student, you are __________ (expect) to study hard. 2. In many cultures, children are expected ____________(respect) their elders. 3. I expect ___________(finish) my homework by 8 PM. 4.My parents expect me __________(be) a teacher. 5.We __________ (suppose) to turn off the lights when we leave a room. 6.We are supposed___________(clean) our rooms every weekend. 考点3 “be used to (doing) sth”、“be used to do”和“used to” 单项选择 1. My grandfather ______ live in a small village, but now he lives in the city. A. used to B. get used to C. is used to 2. This machine ______ make bread. A. is used to making B. used to make C.is used to make 3. She ______ getting up early in the morning. A. is used to B. used to C. is used for 4. I ______ basketball after school, but now I have too much homework. A. used to playing B. used to play C. am used to playing 5. Wood can______ paper. A. be used to make B. be used to making C. used to make 用所给单词适当形式填空 1.I am used to ________(do) my homework beforeＩgo out to play . 2. A pen is used ___________(write) . 3.I used __________(collect) stamps, but now I enjoy collecting coins. 考点4 suggest 、advise 用所给单词适当形式填空 1.Our school often advises the students, especially teenage girls _______(do) some chores at home to help busy parents. 2.If you have any ___________(suggest)for the party, please let me know. —Why not go to Qingdao on May Day,Jim? 3.Mr Black gave us ______(advise) on how to learn English well. 4.I don't know how to deal with my family problem. Can you give me some_______(suggest)? 4.Liu Xiang _______(advise)by his coach to train regularly. 5.---Where may you advise me ________(start ) my business? ---In my opinion, Yichang is one of the best places for you. 知识图谱记忆 Unit 5 You’re supposed to shake hands. 单元重点单词 custom bow kiss greet relaxed value capital manner blackboard northern coast season knock eastern worth exchange empty basic behave except gradually suggestion 单元重点短语 drop by after all clean...off take off go out of one's way to do make...feel at home get used to 单元重点句型 What are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time? You’re supposed to shake hands./You’re not supposed to kiss. When were you supposed to arrive? I was supposed to arrive at 7:00. Am I supposed to wear jeans? No, you’re expected to wear a suit and tie. Is it impolite to keep others waiting? Yes, it’s very impolite to keep others waiting. Is it important to be on time? Yes, it’s important to be on time. 单元语法 动词不定式做主语 一、单项选择 1.When you visit a foreign country, it's important to learn about local ______ like greeting ways. A. custom B. rule C. game D. secret 2.In some countries, people ______ on the cheek when saying hello to close friends. A.bow B. hug C. shake D. kiss 3.After finishing the exam, I felt ______ and went to play basketball with friends. A. tired B. relaxed C. nervous D. angry 4.My parents always ______ family time and we have dinner together every day. A. waste B. save C. need D. value 5.We decided to ______ our aunt's house after the movie since it's nearby. A. drop by B. look for C. wait for D. clean up 6.Tokyo is the ______ of Japan, a city famous for its modern buildings and culture. A. center B. town C. capital D. village 7. Don't be too hard on him—he's only 10 years old, ______. A. at first B. after all C. at last D. for example 8.It's bad ______ to talk with your mouth full during meals. A. manners B. habits C. ideas D. rules 9.You can't board the plane without a ______ when traveling abroad. A. ticket B. wallet C. passport D. phone 10.Please ______ the dirty marks ______ the desk before the class begins. A. clean...off B. take...out C. put...on D. look...up 11.Spring is my favorite ______ because all the flowers come out. A. month B. season C. week D. day 12.When you enter a Japanese house, you need to ______ your shoes at the door. A. put on B. take off C. give up D. look after 13. The book is so interesting that it's ______ reading with your friends. A. ready B. able C. worth D. sure 14. You should ______ politely when visiting your friend's house. A. speak B. walk C. behave D. eat 15.Everyone in the class passed the test ______ Lily, who was absent that day. A. except B. besides C. including D. beside 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet（单簧管）. The first year had gone ___1___. But as most students progressed, I seemed to ___2___ behind. One day, when my teacher told us to perform in class, I was filled with ___3___. When I began to play, my rhythms（节奏）were good, but my tone（调）was another ___4___. “Didn’t you practice your lesson?” the teacher shouted at me. I felt so ___5___ and my world fell down at once. From then on, I ___6___ playing the clarinet and I was getting worse. With the new performance coming near, I grew ___7___ upset. In a moment of panic（惊慌）, I asked for sick leave. It was such a(n) ___8___ way out and I was totally in relief. I continued ___9___ my lessons until my mum asked me about it. “I want to give up,” said with tears in my eyes. “Why are you ____10____, if you really want to give up?” asked mum. She had a(n) ____11____ and I realized that I really wanted to stay in the band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to ____12____ out of. I knew it’s time to find my way out. The next day I ____13____ with my other band teacher and told her about my problems. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, ____14____ only an unpleasant sound came out he handed me a new reed（簧片）. I put it in place and tried again. To my ____15____, I could play so well. Hiding from those fears only digs a hole, making a person trapped（陷入困境）inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and more enjoyable. 1. A. slowly B. quickly C. quietly D. smoothly 2. A. walk B. fall C. step D. move 3. A. fear B. regret C. joy D. courage 4. A. novel B. piece C. story D. part 5. A. relaxed B. embarrassed C. worried D. nervous 6. A. loved B. kept C. hated D. started 7. A. finally B. hopefully C. suddenly D. increasingly 8. A. hard B. easy C. silly D. painful 9. A. avoiding B. taking C. choosing D. attending 10. A. shouting B. crying C. changing D. asking 11. A. point B. idea C. sight D. mind 12. A. push B. pull C. draw D. climb 13. A. argued B. played C. met D. worked 14. A. and B. but C. or D. so 15. A. sadness B. amusement C. surprise D. disappointment 三、阅读理解 A Short online courses Choose from thousands of online courses from top universities. Explore featured courses The spirit of sports: fair play, teamwork, a never-give-up attitude (态度) Discover the passion and happiness of playing ball games What do you need to know about ball games? How can you improve your skills and build a strong body? How can you work as a team? Join us! Basketball Skills to be improved: shooting, passing, dribbling, team play Requirements: age 12; height 175 cm+ Time: 19th June—16th July Coach: Zhang Qiang Tel: 0531-55660266 Developed by: Shandong Sport University Football Skills to be improved: passing, shooting, goalkeeping Requirements: age 15; height 165—175cm Time: 10th September—30th October Coach: Mr Lai Email: footballLife@ dundun.com Developed by: Tianjin University of Sport Table tennis Skills to be improved: brainpower Requirements: basic ping-pong skills; age 8+ Time: 10th July—30th July Coach: Professor Lin Tel: 010-8000-7000 Developed by: Beijing Sport University Volleyball Skills to be improved: passing, serving, spiking, teamwork Requirements: age 14+ Time: 10th July—6th September Coach: Wang Wei Email: werw, weilovevolleyball@121.com Developed by: Chengdu Sport University When would you like to start? Start straight away and join a global classroom of learners. If the course hasn’t started yet, you’ll see the future date below. Learning on the courses On every step of the courses you can meet other learners from all over the world, share your ideas and join in with active discussions in the comments (评论). 1. When does the basketball course start? A. June 19th. B. July 16th. C. September 10th. D. July 10th. 2. Who will you learn with in the football course? A. Zhang Qiang. B. Mr Lai. C. Professor Lin. D. Wang Wei. 3. If you are 13 and 1.65 meters tall, which course can you take? A. Basketball. B. Football. C. Table tennis. D. Volleyball. 4. Who developed the volleyball course? A. Shandong Sport University. B. Tianjin University of Sport. C. Beijing Sport University. D. Chengdu Sport University. 5 Who are the courses for? A. Learners around the world. B. Learners from China only. C. University students only. D. Coaches only. 四、短文还原 Enjoy Nature with Foraging (搜寻)! Do you enjoy walking in nature? Do you like learning about trees and plants? ____1____. Foraging is a lot like looking for a treasure. You look around in places like forests and lakes to find different kinds of plants that you can eat. Foraging is a lot of fun. ____2____. Some of these plants are dangerous. Some of them are good to eat. You can spend many relaxing hours walking around in the wild, looking for good plants to eat. ____3____. It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat, but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are. Before you go foraging, take a class about it. Learn how the different kinds of plants that you can eat look in the wild. Practice finding them with your foraging teacher. Then join a group of foragers. ___4____. Never eat anything until you are 100% sure of what it is. Some people have become sick by accident because they ate a wild plant that was dangerous. Foragers follow some important rules. They do not collect all of the plants in one area. If you take all the plants from one area, no more will grow there. ____5____, like by a road or parking lot. If the area is very dirty, the plants there will not be good to eat and may make you very sick. 根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. Your answer is yes B. You may like foraging C. Look for wild plants together D. Do not look for plants in areas with a lot of cars E. While foraging is a lot of fun, you still have to be careful F. When you walk in the forest, you can find many kinds of plants 五、情景运用 1. A: What are people in Japan supposed to do when they meet for the first time? B: _____________________________________________________________. 2. A:_____________________________________________________ B: It is Tom’s. 3. A: ____________________________? B: They are made of wood. 4. A:____________________________________________ B:I like music that I can dance to. 5. A: How did Tom use to go to school? B:______________________________________________ 六、书面表达 背景：近年来，随着科技发展，电子产品越来越多，学生的汉字书写能力大大降低。假定你是校书法协会的会长，为了让同学们重视书写，写一封倡议书。 内容要求： 1. 减少对电子产品的依赖，多动手记笔记； 2. 养成练书法和写日记的习惯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$