第02讲 Unit 2 Great minds（知识全梳理&考点精准练）-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（沪教牛津版）

第02讲 Unit 2 Great minds（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 考点1 In this unit，you will learn about great minds such as Albert Einstein.在本单元中，您将学习像阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦这样的伟大思想家。（教材P17） A.mind 作名词： ①mind：n. 聪明人；富有才智的人 例句：Einstein was one of the greatest minds in history. 爱因斯坦是历史上最聪明的人之一。 ②mind n. 大脑；头脑。 既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词。 例句：When we imagine a picture, we have it in our mind. 当我们想象一幅画的时候，它就出现在我们的脑海里了。 ③mind n. 思考能力；智慧；思维方式。 例句：His mind is as sharp as ever.他的思维一如既往地敏捷。 【短语运用】 ①make up one's mind to do sth. 决定做某事 ＝ decide to do sth.＝make a decision to do sth. 例句：From then on, I have made up my mind to improve my writing skills. 从那时起，我就下定决心要提高我的写作技能。 ②change one’s mind 改变某人的主意 例句：Tom planned to play basketball after school, but he changed his mind and went to the library instead. 汤姆原本打算放学后去打篮球，但他改变了主意，去了图书馆。 B.mind作动词 v. 介意 【短语运用】①mind sth. 介意某事 ②mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ③mind sb./one's doing sth. 介意某人做某事 例句：Would you mind me/my opening the window? 你介意我开窗吗？ ＝ Would you mind if I open the window? 例句：Do you minding turning off the radio?你介意关掉收音机吗？ 考点2 Many people consider Albert Einstein (1879~1955) a genius.许多人认为阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(1879~1955)是一位天才。（教材P19） consider后面一般接名词、代词或动名词短语作宾语，不能直接跟动词不定式。其名词是consideration。 【用法搭配】 ①consider doing sth.考虑(做)某事 例句：He is considering traveling abroad to experience different cultures. 他正在考虑出国旅行，体验不同的文化。 ②consider……as (to be) 认为……是……=see/look on/regard/think of ＋ sb./sth. as ... 例句：This award is considered (as / to be) a great honour. 这项奖被视为极大地荣誉。 ③ take sth. into consideration=consider=think about 考虑 例句：I’ll be very grateful if you can take my advice into consideration. 如果你能考虑我的建议，我将非常感激。 考点3 This story about him shows that he also had a sense of humour. 这个关于他的故事表明他也具有幽默感。（教材P19） ①sense 可数名词，意为“感觉；理解力；判断力”通常用单数。 a sense of humour（幽默感）； common sense 常识 ②humour 不可数名词，意为“幽默”。humorous 形容词，意为“滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的”。 【短语运用】 ①have a (strong) sense of humour / direction /pride / purpose / security / duty /justice/ achievement... 有着(很强)的幽默感/方向感/骄傲感/目标感/安全感/责任感 /正义感/成就感... ②a sense of smell/taste/touch/hearing 嗅觉/味觉/触觉/听觉。 ③make sense 有道理；有意义；讲得通。 例句：She has a good sense of direction.她的方向感很强。 What he said just now really makes sense.他刚才说的话真的很有道理。 Sharks have an amazing sense of smell. 鲨鱼拥有惊人的嗅觉。 考点4 Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different universities.爱因斯坦经常收到邀请，在不同的大学阐述他的理论。（教材P19） ①invitation n. 邀请 【短语运用】 an invitation to sth.……的请柬； an invitation to do sth. 做某事的邀请。 例句：Did you receive an invitation to Lucy's birthday party?你收到露西生日派对的请柬了吗？ I didn't take his invitation to attend the party. 我并没接受邀请出席派对。 同根词：invite：v. 邀请 【短语运用】invite sb. to sth. 邀请某人去... invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人去做某事 例句：They invited us to a concert next month.他们邀请我们参加下个月的一场音乐会。 She invited me to go shopping with her this afternoon.她邀请我今天下午和她一起去购物。 ②辨析accept和receive 考点5 It’s a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Dr Einstein.爱因斯坦博士，能为您开车真是一件乐事。（教材P19） 句型分析：“It is a pleasure (for sb.) to do sth. ”意为“做某事(对某人来说)是一件乐事”，这是一个常用的形式主语句型。“it” 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 “to do sth.”。使用形式主语 “it” 可以避免句子头重脚轻，让句子结构更加平衡和自然。 例句：It is a pleasure to meet you.很高兴认识你。 知识点：pleasure 同根词：please：(感叹词)请；v. 使满意，使开心； pleased：adj. 高兴的，满意的； pleasant：adj. 令人高兴的，宜人的，友好的；pleasing：adj. 令人高兴的 【具体用法】 ①乐事；快事（可数名词） 例句：—Thanks a lot for helping me. 非常感谢您的帮忙。 —It's a/my pleasure. 不客气/很乐意效劳。 ②高兴；快乐（不可数名词） The whole family was filled with pleasure during the reunion dinner.（团圆饭时，全家人都洋溢着喜悦之情。） 【短语运用】 ①take pleasure in (doing) sth.＝enjoy (doing) sth.喜欢做某事。 例句：He takes no pleasure in his work. 他从工作中得不到丝毫的乐趣。 ②with pleasure 乐意；没问题 例句：—Would you like to help me carry the box？你愿意帮我提这个盒子吗？ —With pleasure.当然愿意。 ③for pleasure ＝ for fun/ happiness 为了高兴。 例句：They held the activity for pleasure.他们举办这个活动是为了开心。 ④be pleased with… 对……满意 ＝ be happy/satisfied with 例句：The manager is pleased with our work.经理对我们的工作很满意。 ⑤be pleased to do sth. 乐于做某事；很高兴做某事 ＝ be willing to do sth. 例句：They are pleased to take part in the party.他们很乐意参加这个派对。 考点6 I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight, Hans, but I don't want to let my audience down.汉斯，我真希望今晚能不讲演，但我不想让听众失望。（教材P19） ① avoid：v. 避免；避开 例句：In summer, we should avoid too much sun.在夏天，我们应该尽量少晒太阳。 同根词：avoidable：adj. 可避免的；avoidance：n. 避免；回避。 例如：A person's health improves with the avoidance of stress.人只要没有压力，健康状况就会改善。 【运用】 ② let ... down. 让......失望= make... disappointed “let” 是使役动词，结构为 “let + 宾语 + 副词（down），其宾语通常为名词或代词，若是代词需要用宾格形式。如let us/ me/them/him/you...down。 例句：He promised to win the game, but he let his teammates down. 他承诺会赢得比赛，但他让他的队友们失望了。 考点7 Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without difficulty, and joined in the applause at the end.爱因斯坦坐下，听汉斯轻而易举地演讲，最后他还一起鼓掌。（教材P19） ①seat n. 座位 【短语运用】take a seat = have a seat =be seated=sit down 坐下,就座，坐下 ②without difficulty 轻而易举；毫不费力 “difficulty” 是名词，其形容词形式是 “difficult”，意为困难的。 【短语运用】 “have difficulty (in) doing sth.”= have trouble/ problem（in）doing表示做某事有困难。 例如：I have difficulty (in) understanding this article.我理解这篇文章有困难。 ③join in 参加；加入 【拓展】take part in；join；join in；attend用法辨析 易混词 辨析 例句 take part in 一般指参加一些大型的活动、会议等，并在活动中起作用。 The Swiss did not take part in the two world wars.瑞士人没有参加这两次世界大战。 join 指加入某个党派或社会团体从而使自己成为该党派或团体的一员，不与表示时间段的状语连用；常见用法：join sb或join sb in doing。 When did he join the League? 他何时成了一名团员的？ Will you join us in playing the game？ 你愿意加入我们一起玩游戏吗？ join in 通常指参加一些小型活动或非正式的活动。 Everyone joined in the game. 每个人都参加了游戏。 attend 多指出席正式会议、演讲、上学等。 He decided to attend the meeting.他决定出席这个会议。 ④lecture n. 讲座 give a lecture 演讲 attend a lecture 参加讲座 考点8 He then asked a question so difficult that Hans had no idea what he was talking about.然后他问了一个问题，汉斯不知道他在说什么。（教材P19） That’s such an easy question that even my driver can answer it.这是一个非常简单的问题，甚至我的司机都能回答。（教材P19） ①so...that... 和such...that “so...that...” 的具体用法： so+形容词/副词+that... so+many/few +复数名词++that... so+much/little +不可数名词+that.. so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数 =such+a/an+ 形容词+可数名词单数 如: so cute a boy=such a cute boy 如此可爱的一个男孩 例句： The story is so interesting that everybody likes it very much.这个故事很有趣，大家都很喜欢。 He is so young a boy that he can't go to school.他是那么小的男孩，所以他不能去上学。 Mike made so many mistakes that he failed the exam again.迈克出了那么多错，考试又没及格。 “such...that”的具体用法 such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词 such+形容词(many,few除外)+复数名词 such+形容词(much,little除外)+不可数名词 例句：It is such an interesting book that I read it twice.这是一本如此有趣的书，以至于我读了两遍。 They planted such beautiful flowers that the garden became a tourist attraction.他们种了如此美丽的花，以至于花园成了旅游景点。 We had such pleasant weather that we decided to go on a picnic.我们遇到了如此宜人的天气，以至于决定去野餐。 ② have no idea 意为“丝毫不知道”。 have no idea of + 名词/动名词，意为“对某事物完全不了解”。 例句：He has no idea of the importance of this meeting.他完全不清楚这次会议的重要性。 I have no idea of cooking.我对做饭一窍不通。 have no idea + that/ if/ whether/ 特殊疑问词+从句 例句：She had no idea what had happened.她完全不知道发生了什么。 例句：We have no idea where he went last night.我们不知道他昨晚去了哪里。 have no idea+ 疑问词+to do 例句：The children had no idea to deal with the broken toy.孩子们不知道该怎么处理坏掉的玩具。 考点9 Einstein turned pale. "Oh no!" he thought. "Now we're in trouble."爱因斯坦脸色苍白。“哦，不！”他想，“现在我们有麻烦了。”（教材P219） ①turn pale“变得苍白的”。turn此时是系动词，故后加形容词。 ② be in trouble 意为“倒霉，处于困境”。in+抽象名词可以表示处于某种状态或处境中。 如：in danger 处于危险中； in need 在危难中，在危急中 in doubt 处于怀疑/不确定的状态 in pain处于痛苦中 in hurry 处于匆忙的状态 in silence 沉默地 【拓展trouble的其他短语】 ① have trouble (in) doing sth 含义：做某事有困难（“in”可省略）。 例句：I have trouble (in) understanding this math problem.（我理解这道数学题有困难。） ②get into trouble 含义：（因行为不当）惹上麻烦；陷入困境。 例句：He got into trouble for cheating in the exam.（他因考试作弊惹上了麻烦。） ③make trouble含义：制造麻烦；挑事。 例句：Stop making trouble between us!（别在我们之间挑事！） ④ take the trouble to do sth含义：特意（费力）做某事（常表关心或认真）。 例句：She took the trouble to call me just to say “thank you”.（她特意打电话来跟我道谢。） ⑤get sb out of trouble 含义：帮某人摆脱麻烦。 例句：My dad got me out of trouble by paying the fine.（爸爸帮我交了罚款，让我摆脱了麻烦。） 考点10 achievements n. 成就；成绩(可数名词)（教材P22） It was a remarkable achievement for such a young player.如此年轻的选手有这样的成就，真了不起。 同根词：achieve：v. 达成，实现(梦想；目标)＝realize/fulfill; 得到，获得 ＝ get/gain；完成 ＝ accomplish 运　用：You should spare no effort to achieve your dream.你应该努力去实现你的梦想。 He has finally achieved his success. 他最后取得了成功。 考点11 I obeyed your instructions but didn’t float in the air!(教材P27) obey：v. 服从；遵守 近义词：follow； 反义词：disobey或break 同根词：disobey：v. 不遵守；不服从；违反 【常用短语】 obey the law 遵守法律 obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则 obey school rules遵守校规 考点12 At the same time, a 12-year -old girl was walking home from school.同时，一个12岁的女孩放学后正在步行回家。(教材29) ① at the same time 意为“；同时；与此同时” ②12-year-old意为“12岁的”，为复合形容词，组成结构为“数词+名词（单数）+形容词”，此外，复合形容词还可由“数词+名词（单数）”构成。如： 注意：复合形容词主要用作前置定语修饰名词，一般不作表语。 例句：There is a three-meter-wide river in front of the village.村庄前有一条三米宽的河。 She bought a five-story building near the subway station.她在地铁站附近买了一栋五层的楼。 单元语法讲解：动词不定式作主语、表语和后置定语 1、 动词不定式作定语 动词不定式做定语放在它所修饰的词之后，做后置定语，常表示将来的动作。结构：名词 ＋ 动词不定式 。 例句：I’ve made a decision to become a genius.(教材P23) 具体用法如下： ①不定式可与被修饰词构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系。  (1) Mary was the first girl to work out the problem.玛丽是第一个解出这道题的女孩。(主谓关系) (2)John said he had an important meeting to attend.约翰说他有一个重要的会议要参加。(动宾关系) (2)如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。如果动词不定式修饰time, place, way 等，可以省略介词。    He had no pen to write with so he borrowed one from his neighbour. 他没有钢笔写字，因此从邻居那儿借了一支。 The child has nothing to worry about.  这个孩子没有什么可担心的。  I have no house to live in. 我没有房子住。 He has no place to live.  他没有地方住。   （省略介词in） (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2、 动词不定式作主语  动词不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，放在句子的开头；真正的主语—动词不定式短语置于句末，以避免“头重脚轻”。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。  It is necessary to study hard. = To study hard is necessary.  努力学习是有必要的。  It is his duty to help the poor. = To help the poor is his duty.  帮助穷人是他的责任。        【拓展】用it代替动词不定式作主语的常考句型：  1、It + be + 形容词（+ of/ for sb.）+ to do sth   当形容词是与事物的特征有关的词时，如easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary 等，在不定式前面用for引出逻辑主语。但如果形容词是kind, nice, right, wrong, polite, rude, clever,foolish, careful, careless 等描述人的性格、品质的词时，应在不定式前用 of引出逻辑主语。  It’s very kind of you to do that.  你那样做真好。  It’s necessary for the students to do eye exercises twice a day.   2、It takes sb. some time to do sth. 本句型表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”或“某人花费多少时间做某事”。  It takes him half an hour to do his homework every day. 他每天花半个小时做他的家庭作业。 3、It + be +名词 + 动词不定式。  It was great fun to have a party there.  在那里举行聚会很有意思。 It was a great pleasure work with you.  和你们一起工作非常愉快。 3、 动词不定式做表语   动词不定式常在be 动词后作表语，主语通常是dream, wish, job 等词。  Her wish is to be a teacher. = To be a teacher is her wish.  她的愿望是当一名老师。  Our job is to look after the animals. = To look after the animals is our job.   我们的工作是照顾那些动物。 (Vocabulary教材p20) (Grammar教材P24) （Grammar教材P25） （Grammar教材P25） / 考点1 mind 1.电视已经开了三个小时了。你介意把它关掉吗？ The TV has been on for three hours. Would you mind it ? 2.别再讨论这个问题了, 我不会改变主意的。 No more discussions on this matter. I . 3．It’s too hot. Would you mind my ________ the windows? A．to open B．open C．opening 4.—Would you mind ________ the music? The baby is sleeping. —Of course not. A．turning down B．turn down C．to turn down D．turned down 考点2 consider 1.—I have no idea how to make a better choice on this matter. —Why not ________ asking your parents for advice? A．prefer B．consider C．imagine D．require 2.My father is considering ________ a new laptop computer for his new job. A．buy B．buying C．to buy D．bought 3.Arthur Conan Doyle is considered 　　　 a master at solving crimes. A．for B．as C．with D．by 4．Riding bikes ________ as a good way to exercise. It is good for health. A．considers B．considered C．is considered D．was considered 考点3 avoid 1．The astronauts on Shenzhou-19 need to be careful. They should ________ making any mistakes. A．avoid B．keep C．practice D．start 2．In order to avoid (be) trapped in the traffic jam, I have to go another way. 3.Mr. White often teaches Jim how to avoid ________ mistakes in his homework. A．make B．makes C．to make D．making 考点4 a sense of... 1．We teenagers do our best for dreams and a small success can give us a sense of ________. A．position B．direction C．achievement D．treatment 2．When you are traveling, it’s important to have a sense of ________ so you don’t get lost. A．invitation B．direction C．invention D．creation 3．Every time I see China’s national flag rising, I have a ________ of pride from the bottom of my heart. A．love B．group C．sense D．value 4．—His words didn’t make any ________ to me. I couldn’t understand what he meant. —Maybe you need to ask him to explain more clearly. A．purpose B．sense C．worth D．effort 5．She has ________ good sense of humour and never says _______ bad word about anyone. A．a; B．a; the C．a; / D．/; / 考点5 so/ such ...that... 1．—Do you often watch the programme “Singer 2024”? —Yes. It is ________ a successful programme that it attracts ________ many people. A．very; such B．such; so C．so; such D．so; so 2.A dance called Subject Three was ________ attractive that ________ many people learned it and posted their short videos on the Internet. A．so; so B．such; so C．such; such D．so; such 3．There is no doubt that ________ a little sheep with ________ little water can’t live for ten days. A．such; so B．such; such C．so; such D．so; so 4．It’s amazing that ________ little children know ________ much knowledge. A．so; such B．such; so C．so; so D．such; such 考点6 join in， join， take part in，attend 1.— Would you please ________ the meeting, Cindy? — I’ll be glad to, but I have an after-school activity to ________. A． join; take part in B．take part in; join in C．attend; take part in D．attend; join 2.Jack didn’t _________ my birthday party but _________ us for dinner yesterday evening. A．take part in; joined B．join; took part in C．join; take part in D．take part in; join 3.Jim ________ the football club three months ago. He often ________ some football games. A．joined in; joins B．joined; joins in C．joined; takes part D．took part in; joins in 4．The boys were playing football on the ground. Sandy didn’t want to ____________ them. A．take part in B．join C．join in D．attend 5.Those who _______ the lecture were the students of Grade Two. A．attended B．joined C．took part in D．joined in 考点 7 accept、receive 1.—Did Mike invite you to his party yesterday, Linda? —Yes, but I didn’t _________ his invitation because of the bad weather. A．accept B．receive C．offer D．refuse 考点8：pleasure 1．—Tom, can you help me with my maths homework? —________. Just wait a minute. A．That’s fine B．With pleasure C．You’re welcome D．My pleasure 3.Everyone is quite _______ to have a _______ trip. A．pleased; pleasant B．pleasing; pleased C．pleasure; please D．pleasant; pleased 4．It’s a pleasure (work) together with you in the company. 考点9 合成形容词 1．—How old is your sister? —She is ________. A．8 years old B．8-years-old C．8 year old D．8-year-olds 2．In Tibet, we found a ________ tree a few days ago. A．100-meter-tall B．100-meters-tall C．100 meter tall D．100 meters tall 考点10 其他考点 1．If you don’t _________ the instructions, you might damage the machine. A．obey B．avoid C．please D．reduce 2．His speech was full of ________, which made everyone laugh at times.　　 A．thoughts B．sense C．humour D．pleasure 3．Her mother lets him ________ computer games once a week, but she asks him ________ play so long. A．to play; don’t B．play; not to C．to play; not to D．play; don’t 4．There are so many kinds of books here. I have no idea ________. A．when to choose B．where to choose C．which one to choose D．how to choose 5．—Nowadays, people use mobile phones too much. —I feel ________ the same, we’d better not depend too much on them. A．hardly B．properly C．clearly D．exactly 考点11 综合语法---动词不定式和动名词 1．It’s necessary for us ________ regularly to keep healthy. A．to exercise B．exercising C．exercised D．exercise 2．His sister made him ________ all the chores without lifting a finger to help. A．does B．do C．did D．doing 3．The purpose of this organization is ________ the disabled. A．help B．will help C．helped D．to help 4．She is not tall enough to put up the picture. She needs a chair ________. A．to stand B．to be stood C．to stand on D．to be stood on 5.Nowadays, it’s convenient(方便的) and cheap for us ________ a shared-bicycle. A．ride B．to ride C．flying D．to fly 6．The house isn’t _________ for them _______ A．enough large ; live in B．large enough ; live in C．enough large ; to live in D．large enough ; to live in 7．—It’s very kind ________ you ________ me carry the heavy luggage. Thank you so much. —It’s my pleasure. A．for; to help B．of; helping C．of; to help D．for; helping 8.The note with names of his friends appeared ________ a list of all the money he had lost. A．be B．to be C．being D．to being 9.The “State-owned+Collective” village-forest-farm cooperation plan in Anhui is a great way ________ the problems in forest management. A．solve B．to solve C．solving D．solved 10.For a great performance, the boys spent the whole day ________ their instruments. A．practising B．to practise C．practised D．practise 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．I like to listen to my sister (speak) Japanese recently. 2．My family went to the Great Wall, with my father (drive). 3．Peter offered (try) his best to help me although he was busy. 4．His dream is (join) in the chess competition. 5．The baby’s gesture made everyone (laugh) loudly. 6．I think it is a good idea (taste) Huaiyang Cuisine at one of the local restaurants. 7．My father spends a lot of his time (teach) kids to swim. 8．I have a healthy diet, so I have no trouble (control) my weight. 9．The Chinese government is making great efforts to achieve carbon neutrality. We should all play a part in the environment.  (protect) 10．Jim doesn’t know how (fix) up his TV. 11．One way to solve your problem is (share) worries with your friends. 12．College students have more chances (study) abroad through this program. 13．If you are a fan of trains, the National Railway Museum is a great place (visit). 14．She kept (regret) her decision to give up the job without a backup plan. 15．What a pity it is (find) that Ma Long has to retire because of a serious injury! 1、 单词拼写（词汇过关） 1．The a spends most of his time learning about different planets. 2．I like to watch films in this cinema because the s are comfortable. 3．She seems to get sick because her face looks p . 4．He has accepted my i to come to my birthday party. 5．Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great a to us. 6．They visited the Tsinghua (大学) during their trip in Beijing. 7．The pilots had to take emergency action to (避免) a disaster. 8．His speech was full of (幽默), which made everyone laugh at times. 9．In order to (减少) the fee, they decided to take a train. 10．There will be a fashion show in the shopping mall (今晚). 二、完成句子（短语过关） 1．My father doesn’t have at all. (幽默感) 2．She worked hard to get good marks so as not to her parents (使……失望). 3．The boy can recite about 100 telephone numbers (单凭记忆). 4． (一系列) technical problems had a bad influence on the new product. 5．The promotion (晋升) was (一个转折点) in her career. 6．I don’t plan to (加入) any clubs because I don’t have free time. 7．Many of my friends offered me help when I was . (处于困境). 8．I (丝毫不知道) why he was angry with me. 9．He is an excellent swimmer, so he gets the gold medal (轻而易举). 10．He is a serious man who doesn’t like others to (跟……开玩笑) him. 三、完形填空 At 1:02 p.m. on May 22, 2021, liver (肝) surgeon (外科医生) Wu Mengchao, 99, died in Shanghai. He was 1 as the founder of hepatobiliary (肝胆的) surgery in the country and was the teacher of about 80% of the nation’s experts and doctors working on liver surgery today. Wu operated on thousands of patients, and 2 at least 16,000 lives. Five minutes later, with family members singing his favorite songs softly to him in Changsha, agricultural scientist Yuan Longping 3 at the age of 91. He was famous as “the father of hybrid rice”, who helped lift the nation out of 4 . The two devoted their lives to saving and improving people’s lives. Together with generations of their students, they not only made a big 5 to the lives of Chinese people, but also many living in other 6 and least-developed countries. Keeping that medical science is humanity, Wu would lose his temper in operating rooms even in his 90s 7 his assistants (助手) did not use the medicines with the best cost-performance to help patients save money. Working in paddy fields (稻田) for decades, Yuan’s lifelong dream was always to make the Chinese people be 8 to fill their own bowls with rice. He was still 9 about his experimental fields and the weather conditions during the last few days of his life. What makes Wu and Yuan great is their love for the people. The public’s great grief at their deaths 10 how much their down-to-earth dedication (奉献) 1 to improving people’s lives touched hearts throughout the country. 2．A．known B．founded C．born D．made 3．A．saved B．achieved C．considered D．killed 4．A．caught up B．put off C．passed away D．took care 5．A．drought B．hunger C．health D．education 6．A．influence B．joke C．mess D．difference 7．A．wealthy B．developing C．large D．modern 8．A．where B．why C．when D．whether 9．A．able B．difficult C．special D．interesting 10．A．arguing B．complaining C．asking D．moving 11．A．forgets B．warns C．believes D．shows 4、 阅读理解（单元话题阅读·时文） Huang Xuhua (1926—2025), a great Chinese scientist, spent all his life making China stronger. His amazing achievements and strong spirit will always be remembered and will guide China’s future. Born in Guangdong, Huang saw his country suffer from foreign attacks. Because of these experiences, he made up his mind to study hard and use his knowledge to make his country stronger. In the 1950s, China began building nuclear submarines (核潜艇). Huang bravely joined this project. At that time, there wasn’t much modern technology, so this task was really challengeable. Huang and his team faced many challenges while keeping the project a secret. They mustn’t share their work with anyone outside their group, not even their families. So Huang was away from home for years. As they worked on designing the submarines, they faced many problems. For example, building a nuclear reactor (核反应堆) was very difficult, and they couldn’t ask foreign experts for help. Instead, they had to depend on their own research and used simple tools to do the scientific work. Another major challenge was ensuring the submarine could stay stable (稳固的) underwater. After many tests, they gradually found solutions to these problems. Finally, in the 1970s, China successfully built and tested its first nuclear submarine. This made China one of the few countries that could do this. Huang didn’t stop there. He continued to improve submarine technology and received many awards for his hard work, including the “Medal of the Republic” in 2019. As we remember Huang Xuhua, we realize his life inspires us all. Young people should learn from his courage, bravery and resolutions. By facing challenges and working hard, we can help make China stronger and keep his spirit alive. 1．What can we know about Huang Xuhua from the text? A．He was a risk-taker who often acted with bravery. B．He was a common person who received many awards. C．He was a lonely person who preferred to work alone. D．He was a strong-willed person who kept trying for better. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Foreign experts. B．Huang Xuhua’s family. C．Huang Xuhua and his team. D．The nuclear submarines. 3．Which is NOT mentioned as a challenge in building China’s first nuclear submarine? A．China didn’t have modern technology. B．Foreign experts refused to help. C．Using simple tools for the scientific work. D．Keeping the submarine stable underwater. 4．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By asking questions. C．By listing numbers. D．By showing facts. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To praise Huang’s efforts and his spirit. B．To explain how nuclear submarines work. C．To introduce the hard life of Huang Xuhua. D．To compare Chinese and foreign submarine technologies. 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Fangding, 1 one of the important and excellent Chinese scientists, has got great achievements in nuclear (核) physics and radiochemistry (放射化学). He helped solve the problems of nuclear testing, nuclear bombs (核弹) and nuclear waste (核废料), which is one of the hardest and most important problems in 2 (produce) clean nuclear energy. He has 3 (be) a member of Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院院士) since 1992. He has played 4 important role in China’s nuclear industry. His research and achievements have had a great influence on 5 (Chinese) development in science and technology and he has also taught many new successful scientists who learn a lot from him, including his spirit. He was born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province in December, 1928. There was no good studying condition in his time like today’s, 6 he worked hard and entered Sichuan University. Since he graduated from the university in 1952, he has worked on nuclear science. Though the working conditions were also very hard, he with his team beat many different 7 (difficulty) and succeeded in developing our country’s science technology. With their hard work, our country’s development of nuclear science and technology has been ahead of the world level and we own the 8 (good) technology in many ways in the world. Like many Chinese scientists, he just works hard on our country’s development and gets one after another achievement that is great enough 9 (shock) the world. Thank those who work hard 10 (silent) and protect us bravely instead of running for money and fame. They are real idols (偶像) really worth our care and love. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第02讲 Unit 2 Great minds（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 考点1 In this unit，you will learn about great minds such as Albert Einstein.在本单元中，您将学习像阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦这样的伟大思想家。（教材P17） A.mind 作名词： ①mind：n. 聪明人；富有才智的人 例句：Einstein was one of the greatest minds in history. 爱因斯坦是历史上最聪明的人之一。 ②mind n. 大脑；头脑。 既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词。 例句：When we imagine a picture, we have it in our mind. 当我们想象一幅画的时候，它就出现在我们的脑海里了。 ③mind n. 思考能力；智慧；思维方式。 例句：His mind is as sharp as ever.他的思维一如既往地敏捷。 【短语运用】 ①make up one's mind to do sth. 决定做某事 ＝ decide to do sth.＝make a decision to do sth. 例句：From then on, I have made up my mind to improve my writing skills. 从那时起，我就下定决心要提高我的写作技能。 ②change one’s mind 改变某人的主意 例句：Tom planned to play basketball after school, but he changed his mind and went to the library instead. 汤姆原本打算放学后去打篮球，但他改变了主意，去了图书馆。 B.mind作动词 v. 介意 【短语运用】①mind sth. 介意某事 ②mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ③mind sb./one's doing sth. 介意某人做某事 例句：Would you mind me/my opening the window? 你介意我开窗吗？ ＝ Would you mind if I open the window? 例句：Do you minding turning off the radio?你介意关掉收音机吗？ 考点2 Many people consider Albert Einstein (1879~1955) a genius.许多人认为阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(1879~1955)是一位天才。（教材P19） consider后面一般接名词、代词或动名词短语作宾语，不能直接跟动词不定式。其名词是consideration。 【用法搭配】 ①consider doing sth.考虑(做)某事 例句：He is considering traveling abroad to experience different cultures. 他正在考虑出国旅行，体验不同的文化。 ②consider……as (to be) 认为……是……=see/look on/regard/think of ＋ sb./sth. as ... 例句：This award is considered (as / to be) a great honour. 这项奖被视为极大地荣誉。 ③ take sth. into consideration=consider=think about 考虑 例句：I’ll be very grateful if you can take my advice into consideration. 如果你能考虑我的建议，我将非常感激。 考点3 This story about him shows that he also had a sense of humour. 这个关于他的故事表明他也具有幽默感。（教材P19） ①sense 可数名词，意为“感觉；理解力；判断力”通常用单数。 a sense of humour（幽默感）； common sense 常识 ②humour 不可数名词，意为“幽默”。humorous 形容词，意为“滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的”。 【短语运用】 ①have a (strong) sense of humour / direction /pride / purpose / security / duty /justice/ achievement... 有着(很强)的幽默感/方向感/骄傲感/目标感/安全感/责任感 /正义感/成就感... ②a sense of smell/taste/touch/hearing 嗅觉/味觉/触觉/听觉。 ③make sense 有道理；有意义；讲得通。 例句：She has a good sense of direction.她的方向感很强。 What he said just now really makes sense.他刚才说的话真的很有道理。 Sharks have an amazing sense of smell. 鲨鱼拥有惊人的嗅觉。 考点4 Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different universities.爱因斯坦经常收到邀请，在不同的大学阐述他的理论。（教材P19） ①invitation n. 邀请 【短语运用】 an invitation to sth.……的请柬； an invitation to do sth. 做某事的邀请。 例句：Did you receive an invitation to Lucy's birthday party?你收到露西生日派对的请柬了吗？ I didn't take his invitation to attend the party. 我并没接受邀请出席派对。 同根词：invite：v. 邀请 【短语运用】invite sb. to sth. 邀请某人去... invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人去做某事 例句：They invited us to a concert next month.他们邀请我们参加下个月的一场音乐会。 She invited me to go shopping with her this afternoon.她邀请我今天下午和她一起去购物。 ②辨析accept和receive 考点5 It’s a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Dr Einstein.爱因斯坦博士，能为您开车真是一件乐事。（教材P19） 句型分析：“It is a pleasure (for sb.) to do sth. ”意为“做某事(对某人来说)是一件乐事”，这是一个常用的形式主语句型。“it” 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 “to do sth.”。使用形式主语 “it” 可以避免句子头重脚轻，让句子结构更加平衡和自然。 例句：It is a pleasure to meet you.很高兴认识你。 知识点：pleasure 同根词：please：(感叹词)请；v. 使满意，使开心； pleased：adj. 高兴的，满意的； pleasant：adj. 令人高兴的，宜人的，友好的；pleasing：adj. 令人高兴的 【具体用法】 ①乐事；快事（可数名词） 例句：—Thanks a lot for helping me. 非常感谢您的帮忙。 —It's a/my pleasure. 不客气/很乐意效劳。 ②高兴；快乐（不可数名词） The whole family was filled with pleasure during the reunion dinner.（团圆饭时，全家人都洋溢着喜悦之情。） 【短语运用】 ①take pleasure in (doing) sth.＝enjoy (doing) sth.喜欢做某事。 例句：He takes no pleasure in his work. 他从工作中得不到丝毫的乐趣。 ②with pleasure 乐意；没问题 例句：—Would you like to help me carry the box？你愿意帮我提这个盒子吗？ —With pleasure.当然愿意。 ③for pleasure ＝ for fun/ happiness 为了高兴。 例句：They held the activity for pleasure.他们举办这个活动是为了开心。 ④be pleased with… 对……满意 ＝ be happy/satisfied with 例句：The manager is pleased with our work.经理对我们的工作很满意。 ⑤be pleased to do sth. 乐于做某事；很高兴做某事 ＝ be willing to do sth. 例句：They are pleased to take part in the party.他们很乐意参加这个派对。 考点6 I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight, Hans, but I don't want to let my audience down.汉斯，我真希望今晚能不讲演，但我不想让听众失望。（教材P19） ① avoid：v. 避免；避开 例句：In summer, we should avoid too much sun.在夏天，我们应该尽量少晒太阳。 同根词：avoidable：adj. 可避免的；avoidance：n. 避免；回避。 例如：A person's health improves with the avoidance of stress.人只要没有压力，健康状况就会改善。 【运用】 ② let ... down. 让......失望= make... disappointed “let” 是使役动词，结构为 “let + 宾语 + 副词（down），其宾语通常为名词或代词，若是代词需要用宾格形式。如let us/ me/them/him/you...down。 例句：He promised to win the game, but he let his teammates down. 他承诺会赢得比赛，但他让他的队友们失望了。 考点7 Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without difficulty, and joined in the applause at the end.爱因斯坦坐下，听汉斯轻而易举地演讲，最后他还一起鼓掌。（教材P19） ①seat n. 座位 【短语运用】take a seat = have a seat =be seated=sit down 坐下,就座，坐下 ②without difficulty 轻而易举；毫不费力 “difficulty” 是名词，其形容词形式是 “difficult”，意为困难的。 【短语运用】 “have difficulty (in) doing sth.”= have trouble/ problem（in）doing表示做某事有困难。 例如：I have difficulty (in) understanding this article.我理解这篇文章有困难。 ③join in 参加；加入 【拓展】take part in；join；join in；attend用法辨析 易混词 辨析 例句 take part in 一般指参加一些大型的活动、会议等，并在活动中起作用。 The Swiss did not take part in the two world wars.瑞士人没有参加这两次世界大战。 join 指加入某个党派或社会团体从而使自己成为该党派或团体的一员，不与表示时间段的状语连用；常见用法：join sb或join sb in doing。 When did he join the League? 他何时成了一名团员的？ Will you join us in playing the game？ 你愿意加入我们一起玩游戏吗？ join in 通常指参加一些小型活动或非正式的活动。 Everyone joined in the game. 每个人都参加了游戏。 attend 多指出席正式会议、演讲、上学等。 He decided to attend the meeting.他决定出席这个会议。 ④lecture n. 讲座 give a lecture 演讲 attend a lecture 参加讲座 考点8 He then asked a question so difficult that Hans had no idea what he was talking about.然后他问了一个问题，汉斯不知道他在说什么。（教材P19） That’s such an easy question that even my driver can answer it.这是一个非常简单的问题，甚至我的司机都能回答。（教材P19） ①so...that... 和such...that “so...that...” 的具体用法： so+形容词/副词+that... so+many/few +复数名词++that... so+much/little +不可数名词+that.. so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数 =such+a/an+ 形容词+可数名词单数 如: so cute a boy=such a cute boy 如此可爱的一个男孩 例句： The story is so interesting that everybody likes it very much.这个故事很有趣，大家都很喜欢。 He is so young a boy that he can't go to school.他是那么小的男孩，所以他不能去上学。 Mike made so many mistakes that he failed the exam again.迈克出了那么多错，考试又没及格。 “such...that”的具体用法 such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词 such+形容词(many,few除外)+复数名词 such+形容词(much,little除外)+不可数名词 例句：It is such an interesting book that I read it twice.这是一本如此有趣的书，以至于我读了两遍。 They planted such beautiful flowers that the garden became a tourist attraction.他们种了如此美丽的花，以至于花园成了旅游景点。 We had such pleasant weather that we decided to go on a picnic.我们遇到了如此宜人的天气，以至于决定去野餐。 ② have no idea 意为“丝毫不知道”。 have no idea of + 名词/动名词，意为“对某事物完全不了解”。 例句：He has no idea of the importance of this meeting.他完全不清楚这次会议的重要性。 I have no idea of cooking.我对做饭一窍不通。 have no idea + that/ if/ whether/ 特殊疑问词+从句 例句：She had no idea what had happened.她完全不知道发生了什么。 例句：We have no idea where he went last night.我们不知道他昨晚去了哪里。 have no idea+ 疑问词+to do 例句：The children had no idea to deal with the broken toy.孩子们不知道该怎么处理坏掉的玩具。 考点9 Einstein turned pale. "Oh no!" he thought. "Now we're in trouble."爱因斯坦脸色苍白。“哦，不！”他想，“现在我们有麻烦了。”（教材P219） ①turn pale“变得苍白的”。turn此时是系动词，故后加形容词。 ② be in trouble 意为“倒霉，处于困境”。in+抽象名词可以表示处于某种状态或处境中。 如：in danger 处于危险中； in need 在危难中，在危急中 in doubt 处于怀疑/不确定的状态 in pain处于痛苦中 in hurry 处于匆忙的状态 in silence 沉默地 【拓展trouble的其他短语】 ① have trouble (in) doing sth 含义：做某事有困难（“in”可省略）。 例句：I have trouble (in) understanding this math problem.（我理解这道数学题有困难。） ②get into trouble 含义：（因行为不当）惹上麻烦；陷入困境。 例句：He got into trouble for cheating in the exam.（他因考试作弊惹上了麻烦。） ③make trouble含义：制造麻烦；挑事。 例句：Stop making trouble between us!（别在我们之间挑事！） ④ take the trouble to do sth含义：特意（费力）做某事（常表关心或认真）。 例句：She took the trouble to call me just to say “thank you”.（她特意打电话来跟我道谢。） ⑤get sb out of trouble 含义：帮某人摆脱麻烦。 例句：My dad got me out of trouble by paying the fine.（爸爸帮我交了罚款，让我摆脱了麻烦。） 考点10 achievements n. 成就；成绩(可数名词)（教材P22） It was a remarkable achievement for such a young player.如此年轻的选手有这样的成就，真了不起。 同根词：achieve：v. 达成，实现(梦想；目标)＝realize/fulfill; 得到，获得 ＝ get/gain；完成 ＝ accomplish 运　用：You should spare no effort to achieve your dream.你应该努力去实现你的梦想。 He has finally achieved his success. 他最后取得了成功。 考点11 I obeyed your instructions but didn’t float in the air!(教材P27) obey：v. 服从；遵守 近义词：follow； 反义词：disobey或break 同根词：disobey：v. 不遵守；不服从；违反 【常用短语】 obey the law 遵守法律 obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则 obey school rules遵守校规 考点12 At the same time, a 12-year -old girl was walking home from school.同时，一个12岁的女孩放学后正在步行回家。(教材29) ① at the same time 意为“；同时；与此同时” ②12-year-old意为“12岁的”，为复合形容词，组成结构为“数词+名词（单数）+形容词”，此外，复合形容词还可由“数词+名词（单数）”构成。如： 注意：复合形容词主要用作前置定语修饰名词，一般不作表语。 例句：There is a three-meter-wide river in front of the village.村庄前有一条三米宽的河。 She bought a five-story building near the subway station.她在地铁站附近买了一栋五层的楼。 单元语法讲解：动词不定式作主语、表语和后置定语 1、 动词不定式作定语 动词不定式做定语放在它所修饰的词之后，做后置定语，常表示将来的动作。结构：名词 ＋ 动词不定式 。 例句：I’ve made a decision to become a genius.(教材P23) 具体用法如下： ①不定式可与被修饰词构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系。  (1) Mary was the first girl to work out the problem.玛丽是第一个解出这道题的女孩。(主谓关系) (2)John said he had an important meeting to attend.约翰说他有一个重要的会议要参加。(动宾关系) (2)如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。如果动词不定式修饰time, place, way 等，可以省略介词。    He had no pen to write with so he borrowed one from his neighbour. 他没有钢笔写字，因此从邻居那儿借了一支。 The child has nothing to worry about.  这个孩子没有什么可担心的。  I have no house to live in. 我没有房子住。 He has no place to live.  他没有地方住。   （省略介词in） (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2、 动词不定式作主语  动词不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，放在句子的开头；真正的主语—动词不定式短语置于句末，以避免“头重脚轻”。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。  It is necessary to study hard. = To study hard is necessary.  努力学习是有必要的。  It is his duty to help the poor. = To help the poor is his duty.  帮助穷人是他的责任。        【拓展】用it代替动词不定式作主语的常考句型：  1、It + be + 形容词（+ of/ for sb.）+ to do sth   当形容词是与事物的特征有关的词时，如easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary 等，在不定式前面用for引出逻辑主语。但如果形容词是kind, nice, right, wrong, polite, rude, clever,foolish, careful, careless 等描述人的性格、品质的词时，应在不定式前用 of引出逻辑主语。  It’s very kind of you to do that.  你那样做真好。  It’s necessary for the students to do eye exercises twice a day.   2、It takes sb. some time to do sth. 本句型表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”或“某人花费多少时间做某事”。  It takes him half an hour to do his homework every day. 他每天花半个小时做他的家庭作业。 3、It + be +名词 + 动词不定式。  It was great fun to have a party there.  在那里举行聚会很有意思。 It was a great pleasure work with you.  和你们一起工作非常愉快。 3、 动词不定式做表语   动词不定式常在be 动词后作表语，主语通常是dream, wish, job 等词。  Her wish is to be a teacher. = To be a teacher is her wish.  她的愿望是当一名老师。  Our job is to look after the animals. = To look after the animals is our job.   我们的工作是照顾那些动物。 (Vocabulary教材p20) 参考答案：：1. pleasure 2. avoid 3.trust 4. by heart 5. without difficulty 6. join in 全文翻译： 斜体字的单词解释了第19页上一些单词的意思。找出这些单词完成标题。必要时改变它们的形式。 1农民：在田间劳作是一种快乐（开心的事）。（第7行） 2医生警告人们今年夏天要避免（远离；避免）过多日晒。（第9行） 3著名艺术家：相信自己和自己的想法（相信）。（第13行） 4学生用心（通过记住每个单词）学习整本词典。（第15行） 5宇航员毫无困难地（毫无麻烦地）返回地球。（第20行） 6周六晚上跳舞！所有学生都被邀请参加（参与）这项活动。（第20行） (Grammar教材P24) 答案：to do Maths ；to go to university；to try again；to become a scientist 解析 第一空：根据前文“Einstein's ability”以及后文“surprised his teachers”可知，这里是说爱因斯坦做数学的能力让他的老师们感到惊讶，所以填“to do Maths”。 第二空：根据后文“he did not do well enough in the exam”可知，15岁时他得到了上大学的机会，“go to university”表示“上大学”，这里是“被给予做某事的机会”，要用动词不定式，所以填“to go to university”。 第三空：根据前文“He did not lose heart”以及后文“He kept trying”可知，他没有灰心，第二年又尝试了一次，“try again”表示“再试一次”，用动词不定式，所以填“to try again”。 第四空：根据前文“He achieved his dream”以及所给词可知，他一直努力，最终实现了成为科学家的梦想，“become a scientist”表示“成为科学家”，用动词不定式，所以填“to become a scientist”。 全文翻译：在学校，爱因斯坦做数学的能力让他的老师们感到惊讶，但他对其他科目感到厌烦。15岁时，他得到了上大学的机会，但他在考试中表现不够好。然而，他没有灰心，他希望第二年再试一次。这一次，他成功了。他不断尝试，所以他实现了成为科学家的梦想。 （Grammar教材P25） 【答案及解析】 第一空 答案：It took me two hours to get here by plane. 解析：根据上文“How long did it take you to get here by plane?”的提问，这里需要回答乘坐飞机到这里花费了多长时间，“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”是固定句型，表示“某人做某事花费多长时间”，这里是一般过去时，所以填It took me two hours to get here by plane. 第二空 答案：It will take 20 minutes to get to the university. 解析：根据上文“How long will it take to get to the university?”的提问，这里需要回答到达大学需要多长时间，同样使用“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”的句型，注意这里是一般将来时，所以填It will take 20 minutes to get to the university. 第三空 答案：It's easy to drive a car. 解析：根据上文“Is it difficult to drive a car?”以及下文的“No”可知，这里要表达开车不难，“It's + adj. + to do sth.”是常用句型，表示“做某事是……的”，所以填It's easy to drive a car. 第四空 答案：it's difficult for me to learn to drive now. 解析：根据上文“Maybe I'll learn to drive some day, but...”可知，这里要表达现在学开车对自己来说很难，“It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，所以填it's difficult for me to learn to drive now. 第五空 答案：I'm lucky to have a job. 解析：根据上文“I like it a lot. I meet many great people because I'm a driver.”可知，这里要表达自己因为有这份工作而感到幸运，“be lucky to do sth.”表示“做某事很幸运”，所以填I'm lucky to have a job. （Grammar教材P25） 1.【答案】：The most important thing is to do the work well. 【解析】“the most important thing（最重要的事）”在句中作主语，“is”是系动词，“to do the work well（把工作做好）”是动词不定式作表语，这里需要用动词不定式结构来表示还未发生或需要去做的动作。 2.【答案】：Mr White's plan is to have a small shop in a year. 【解析】“Mr White's plan（怀特先生的计划）”作主语，“is”为系动词，“to have a small shop in a year（在一年内开一家小商店）”是动词不定式作表语，表明计划的具体内容。 3.【答案】My idea is to attract the students by making a poster. 【解析】“my idea（我的想法）”作主语，“is”是系动词，“to attract the students by making a poster（通过制作海报来吸引学生）”是动词不定式短语作表语，说明想法的具体内容。 4.【答案】Her job is to take care of children. 【解析】：“her job（她的工作）”作主语，“is”为系动词，“to take care of children（照顾孩子）”是动词不定式作表语，用于说明工作的具体职责。 / 考点1 mind 1.电视已经开了三个小时了。你介意把它关掉吗？ The TV has been on for three hours. Would you mind it ? 【答案】 turning off 【详解】turn off“关闭”，mind doing sth“介意做某事”，故填turning；off。 2.别再讨论这个问题了, 我不会改变主意的。 No more discussions on this matter. I . 【答案】won’t change my mind 【详解】分析汉语，英语中缺少 “不会改变主意的”的表达，主语是I，改变主意翻译为change my mind，表示将要发生的动作要用一般将来时will do的结构，否定形式在will后加not，缩写为won’t，故填won’t change my mind。 3．It’s too hot. Would you mind my ________ the windows? A．to open B．open C．opening 【答案】C 【详解】句意：太热了。你介意我打开窗户吗？ 考查动名词。Would you mind (one’s) doing sth.是固定句型，意思是“你介意（某人）做某事吗”。故选C。 4.—Would you mind ________ the music? The baby is sleeping. —Of course not. A．turning down B．turn down C．to turn down D．turned down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你介意把音乐调低一点吗？宝宝正在睡觉。——当然不介意。 考查动名词作宾语。turning down调低；turn down调低（动词原形）；to turn down调低（不定式）；turned down被调低（过去分词）。would you mind后接动名词作宾语，表示“你介意做某事吗？”。故选A。 考点2 consider 1.—I have no idea how to make a better choice on this matter. —Why not ________ asking your parents for advice? A．prefer B．consider C．imagine D．require 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我不知道如何在这件事情上做出更好的选择。——为什么不考虑向你的父母寻求建议呢？ 考查动词辨析。prefer更喜欢；consider考虑；imagine想象；require需要。根据“asking your parents for advice”可知是指考虑向你的父母寻求建议，故选B。 2.My father is considering ________ a new laptop computer for his new job. A．buy B．buying C．to buy D．bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我父亲正在考虑为他的新工作买一台新的笔记本电脑。 考查非谓语动词。buy动词原形；buying动词-ing形式；to buy动词不定式；bought动词过去式。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”，是固定用法。故选B。 3.Arthur Conan Doyle is considered 　　　 a master at solving crimes. A．for B．as C．with D．by 【答案】B 【详解】句意：阿瑟·柯南·道尔被认为是破案大师。 考查介词。for为了；as作为；with和；by通过。be considered as“被认为是……”，为固定短语。故选B。 4．Riding bikes ________ as a good way to exercise. It is good for health. A．considers B．considered C．is considered D．was considered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：骑自行车被认为是一个好的运动方式。它对健康有好处。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。“Riding bikes”和“as a good way”是被动关系，要用被动语态，其结构是be+过去分词。故排除A和B项；根据“Riding bikes...”可知说的是一般情况要用一般现在时。故选C。 考点3 avoid 1．The astronauts on Shenzhou-19 need to be careful. They should ________ making any mistakes. A．avoid B．keep C．practice D．start 【答案】A 【详解】句意：神舟19号上的宇航员需要细心。他们应该避免犯任何错误。 考查动词辨析。avoid避免；keep保持；practice练习；start开始。根据“...making any mistakes.”可知，此处表示“避免犯错”，avoid doing sth“避免做某事”符合语境。故选A。 2．In order to avoid (be) trapped in the traffic jam, I have to go another way. 【答案】being 【详解】句意：为了避免陷入交通堵塞，我不得不走另一条路。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，所以空处用动名词作宾语。故填being。 3.Mr. White often teaches Jim how to avoid ________ mistakes in his homework. A．make B．makes C．to make D．making 【答案】D 【详解】句意：怀特先生经常教吉姆如何避免在作业中犯错误。 考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，动词短语，此处应用动名词作宾语。故选D。 考点4 a sense of... 1．We teenagers do our best for dreams and a small success can give us a sense of ________. A．position B．direction C．achievement D．treatment 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们青少年尽我们最大的努力实现梦想，一个小小的成功就能给我们成就感。 考查名词辨析。position位置；direction方向；achievement成就；treatment对待。根据“We teenagers do our best for dreams and a small success”可知，此处表示实现梦想后会有成就感，所以应该用achievement。故选C。 2．When you are traveling, it’s important to have a sense of ________ so you don’t get lost. A．invitation B．direction C．invention D．creation 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你旅行时，方向感很重要，这样你就不会迷路了。 考查名词辨析。invitation邀请；direction方向；invention发明；creation创造。根据“have a sense of … so you don’t get lost”可知，此处是指有方向感就不容易迷路；考查a sense of direction“方向感”，固定搭配。故选B。 3．Every time I see China’s national flag rising, I have a ________ of pride from the bottom of my heart. A．love B．group C．sense D．value 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每当我看到中国国旗冉冉升起的时候，我都发自内心地感到一种自豪感。 考查名词辨析。love爱；group组；sense感觉；value价值。根据“...I have a...of pride”可知，应是看到国旗升起时，有一种自豪感，故选C。 4．—His words didn’t make any ________ to me. I couldn’t understand what he meant. —Maybe you need to ask him to explain more clearly. A．purpose B．sense C．worth D．effort 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——他的话对我来说没有任何意义。我无法理解他的意思。——也许你需要让他解释得更清楚。 考查名词辨析。purpose意图；sense意义，含义；worth价值；effort努力。根据“I couldn’t understand what he meant.”可知，无法理解对方的意思，说明对方的话对自己来说是没有意义的，make sense表示“有意义”是固定搭配，但此处用否定形式，表示“无意义”。故选B。 5．She has ________ good sense of humour and never says _______ bad word about anyone. A．a; B．a; the C．a; / D．/; / 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：句意:她有很好的幽默感从不说任何人坏话。good [ɡʊd] bad [bæd]，辅音/g//b/前要用冠词a，故选A。 考点：考查冠词。 考点5 so/ such ...that... 1．—Do you often watch the programme “Singer 2024”? —Yes. It is ________ a successful programme that it attracts ________ many people. A．very; such B．such; so C．so; such D．so; so 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你经常看《歌手2024》这个节目吗？——是的，它是如此成功，以至于吸引了如此多的人。 考查形容词副词辨析。very非常；such如此，修饰名词；so如此，修饰形容词。such+a/an+（形容词）+可数名词单数，so+many/much/few/little+可数名词复数/不可数名词。由题干可知，第一个空格是“那样（一个非常成功的节目）”，用such；第二个空格是“那么（多的人）”，用so ，故选B。 2.A dance called Subject Three was ________ attractive that ________ many people learned it and posted their short videos on the Internet. A．so; so B．such; so C．such; such D．so; such 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一种叫做“科目三”的舞蹈非常吸引人，以至于很多人学习它，并在网上发布他们的短视频。 考查so和such的用法。so如此，修饰形容词/副词；such如此的，修饰名词。第一空后是形容词attractive，所以用so修饰；第二空后people被many修饰，只能用so，故选A。 3．There is no doubt that ________ a little sheep with ________ little water can’t live for ten days. A．such; so B．such; such C．so; such D．so; so 【答案】A 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，如此小的一只绵羊喝这么少的水不能存活十天。 考查词汇辨析。such形容词，用法为：such+a/an+形容词，“little”意为“小的”，是形容词，第一空用such；so副词，当不可数名词前有little“少的”修饰时，只能用so。故选A。 4．It’s amazing that ________ little children know ________ much knowledge. A．so; such B．such; so C．so; so D．such; such 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这么小的孩子能知道如此多的知识真是太令人惊奇了。 考查形容词和固定短语。little children为名词短语，前面用such修饰，表示“如此小的孩子”；much/many只能与so连用，构成固定短语so much/so many，意为“如此多的，这么多的”。故选B。 考点6 join in， join， take part in，attend 1.— Would you please ________ the meeting, Cindy? — I’ll be glad to, but I have an after-school activity to ________. A． join; take part in B．take part in; join in C．attend; take part in D．attend; join 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——辛迪，你愿意参加会议吗？——我很乐意，但是我要参加一个课外活动。 考查动词辨析。join指参加某一党派、团体或组织，成为其中的成员；take part in指参加群众性的活动、竞赛、运动等；join in指参加活动；attend指出席或参加会议、仪式等。第一空后为“meeting”，故应用动词attend，A、B选项可排除。第二空指参加课后活动，故应用动词短语take part in，故选C。 2.Jack didn’t _________ my birthday party but _________ us for dinner yesterday evening. A．take part in; joined B．join; took part in C．join; take part in D．take part in; join 【答案】A 【详解】句意：杰克没有参加我的生日聚会，但昨天晚上和我们一起吃晚餐。 考查动词短语辨析。take part in参加某个活动；join加入某个组织、机构等。第一个空后的my birthday party是生日聚会，因此用take part in，排除B/C；第二个空后是us for dinner，这里是加入我们，此题的时态为一般过去时，因此用joined。故选A。 3.Jim ________ the football club three months ago. He often ________ some football games. A．joined in; joins B．joined; joins in C．joined; takes part D．took part in; joins in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吉姆三个月前加入足球俱乐部。他经常参加一些足球比赛。 考查动词和动词短语。join in参加活动或比赛；join加入（社团、俱乐部、机构等）；take part in参加某活动或某事。根据“the football club”可知表达加入足球俱乐部，用过去式“joined”。根据“some games”可知表达参加一些足球比赛，用短语“join in”。故选B。 4．The boys were playing football on the ground. Sandy didn’t want to ____________ them. A．take part in B．join C．join in D．attend 【答案】B 【详解】句意：男孩们正在操场上踢足球。Sandy不想加入他们。本题四个选项均有“参加”的意思。A选项take part in指参加某种活动，并在活动中扮演一定的角色；B选项join指加入组织、机构、团体等；C选项join in指加入小规模的活动，如“球赛、游戏”等；D选项attend常指参加或出席比较重要的场合，如会议、婚礼、葬礼等。根据语境可知“他们”是一个团体，故答案应选B项。 5.Those who _______ the lecture were the students of Grade Two. A．attended B．joined C．took part in D．joined in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：听讲座的是二年级的学生。考查动词形式。A. attended出席，参见；B. joined加入某个组织，入党；C. took part in参见某项活动；D. joined in参见某活动。短语attend a lecture：听报告；结合句意可知答案是A。 考点 7 accept、receive 1.—Did Mike invite you to his party yesterday, Linda? —Yes, but I didn’t _________ his invitation because of the bad weather. A．accept B．receive C．offer D．refuse 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——琳达，迈克昨天邀请你参加他的派对了吗？  ——是的，但因为天气不好，我没有接受他的邀请。 考查动词词义辨析。accept接受；receive收到；offer提供；refuse拒绝。根据“because of the bad weather”可知，这里表达没有接受邀请，故accept符合语境。故选A。 考点8：pleasure 1．—Tom, can you help me with my maths homework? —________. Just wait a minute. A．That’s fine B．With pleasure C．You’re welcome D．My pleasure 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你能帮我做数学作业吗？——很乐意。请稍等。 考查情景交际。That’s fine那很好；With pleasure很乐意，通常用于回应别人的请求，表示愿意帮忙；You’re welcome不客气，通常用于回应别人的感谢；My pleasure不客气，这是我的荣幸，通常用于回应别人的感谢，强调帮助别人后的满足感。根据“Just wait a minute.”可知，汤姆愿意帮忙，应该用With pleasure回应。故选B。 3.Everyone is quite _______ to have a _______ trip. A．pleased; pleasant B．pleasing; pleased C．pleasure; please D．pleasant; pleased 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每个人都很高兴有一个愉快的旅行。 考查形容词辨析。pleased高兴的，常用来修饰人；pleasant令人愉快的，常用作定语修饰物；pleasing令人愉悦的，修饰物；pleasure快乐/使愉悦；please使愉快。分析句子可知，前空作表语形容everyone，需用pleased；后空修饰名词trip作定语用pleasant，a pleasant trip“一次愉快的旅行”符合语境。故选A。 4．It’s a pleasure (work) together with you in the company. 【答案】to work 【详解】句意：很高兴和你一起在公司工作。由句意和句子结构可知，本句考查It’s a pleasure to do sth.“做某事很高兴”；It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。故填to work。 考点9 合成形容词 1．—How old is your sister? —She is ________. A．8 years old B．8-years-old C．8 year old D．8-year-olds 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你妹妹多大了？——她八岁了。 考查年龄的表达。表示某人几岁的确切年龄，用“基数词＋years old”，所以八岁应是“8 years old”。故选A。 2．In Tibet, we found a ________ tree a few days ago. A．100-meter-tall B．100-meters-tall C．100 meter tall D．100 meters tall 【答案】A 【详解】句意：几天前，我们在西藏发现了一棵100米高的树。 考查复合形容词。空处作定语修饰名词tree，表示“100米高的树”，用“数词-单位(单数)-形容词”构成复合形容词。故选A。 考点10 其他考点 1．If you don’t _________ the instructions, you might damage the machine. A．obey B．avoid C．please D．reduce 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你不遵守操作指南，你可能会损坏机器。 考查动词辨析。obey遵守；avoid避免；please（使）满意；reduce降低。根据“If you don’t...the instructions, you might damage the machine.”可知，若是不遵守操作指南，可能会损坏机器。故选A。 2．His speech was full of ________, which made everyone laugh at times.　　 A．thoughts B．sense C．humour D．pleasure 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的演讲充满了幽默，有时使每个人都笑了。 考查名词辨析。thoughts想法；sense感觉；humour幽默；pleasure快乐。根据“which made everyone laugh”可知，演讲充满了幽默。故选C。 3．Her mother lets him ________ computer games once a week, but she asks him ________ play so long. A．to play; don’t B．play; not to C．to play; not to D．play; don’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她的妈妈让他每周玩一次电脑游戏，但她要求他不要玩那么久。 考查非谓语动词。let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，ask sb. not to do sth.意为“让某人不要做某事”，故选B。 4．There are so many kinds of books here. I have no idea ________. A．when to choose B．where to choose C．which one to choose D．how to choose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这里有很多种类的书。我不知道选哪一种。 考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式。when to choose什么时候选择；where to choose选择哪里；which one to choose选择哪个；how to choose如何选择。根据“There are so many kinds of books here.”可知，不知道选择哪一种书，故选C。 5．—Nowadays, people use mobile phones too much. —I feel ________ the same, we’d better not depend too much on them. A．hardly B．properly C．clearly D．exactly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——现在，人们过多地使用手机。  ——我也这么觉得。我们最好不要太依赖它们了。 考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；properly恰当地；clearly清楚地；exactly精确地。根据“we’d better not depend too much on them”可知，答者认为我们最好不要太依赖手机，可知他的想法和问者完全相同，exactly the same“一模一样，完全一样”。故选D。 考点11 综合语法---动词不定式和动名词 1．It’s necessary for us ________ regularly to keep healthy. A．to exercise B．exercising C．exercised D．exercise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们有必要定期锻炼以保持健康。 考查动词不定式。it作形式主语，不定式结构作真正的主语，it is+形容词+for sb to do sth“对某人来讲做某事是……”。故选A。 2．His sister made him ________ all the chores without lifting a finger to help. A．does B．do C．did D．doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他姐姐让他做所有的家务，自己却没有伸手帮忙。 考查非谓语动词。根据“made him”可知，此处考查make sb do sth“让某人做某事”，所以填动词原形do作宾补。故选B。 3．The purpose of this organization is ________ the disabled. A．help B．will help C．helped D．to help 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个组织的宗旨是帮助残疾人。 考查动词不定式。根据“The purpose of this organization is...the disabled.”可知，此处用to do不定式表目的，这个组织的宗旨是帮助残疾人。故选D。 4．She is not tall enough to put up the picture. She needs a chair ________. A．to stand B．to be stood C．to stand on D．to be stood on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她不够高，不能把照片挂起来。她需要一把椅子站着。 考查非谓语动词。根据“needs a chair”可知此处用动词不定式作宾补，和chair是动宾关系，故此处用助动形式表被动，且stand是不及物动词，后需加介词on。故选C。 5.Nowadays, it’s convenient(方便的) and cheap for us ________ a shared-bicycle. A．ride B．to ride C．flying D．to fly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如今，对于我们来说，骑共享自行车既方便又便宜。 考查动词不定式作主语和动词辨析。ride骑；fly飞。根据“a shared-bicycle”可知，此处表示骑自行车，排除C和D；根据“it’s convenient(方便的) and cheap for us”可知，此处是it’s adj. for sb to do sth.，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。故选B。 6．The house isn’t _________ for them _______ A．enough large ; live in B．large enough ; live in C．enough large ; to live in D．large enough ; to live in 【答案】D 【详解】试题分析：句意：这房子不够大，盛不下他们。Enough修饰形容词时要放在被修饰词的后面，live in the house住在房子里，所以选D。 考点：考查固定用法。 7．—It’s very kind ________ you ________ me carry the heavy luggage. Thank you so much. —It’s my pleasure. A．for; to help B．of; helping C．of; to help D．for; helping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你真好，帮我拿这么重的行李。非常感谢。——这是我的荣幸。 考查动词不定式作主语和介词辨析。此处考查句型“It is+adj.+of/for sb.+to do sth.”，kind“友好的”为修饰人品格、特征的形容词，介词应用of；it在句中为形式主语，应用动词不定式作真正主语。故选C。 8.The note with names of his friends appeared ________ a list of all the money he had lost. A．be B．to be C．being D．to being 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那张写着他朋友名字的纸条似乎是他丢失的所有钱的清单。 考查非谓语动词。“appear to be+名词”意为“似乎是……”，故选B。 9.The “State-owned+Collective” village-forest-farm cooperation plan in Anhui is a great way ________ the problems in forest management. A．solve B．to solve C．solving D．solved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：安徽省“国有+集体村”-林-场合作计划是解决森林管理问题的好办法。 考查非谓语动词。根据“a great way… the problem”可知，此处说的是要解决的问题的方式，所以，“to solve”动词不定时作定语修饰名词way。故选B。 10.For a great performance, the boys spent the whole day ________ their instruments. A．practising B．to practise C．practised D．practise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了一场精彩的演出，男孩子们花了一整天的时间练习他们的乐器。 考查动名词。spend time (in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。因此此空应填动名词。故选A。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．I like to listen to my sister (speak) Japanese recently. 【答案】speak 【详解】句意：最近我喜欢听姐姐说日语。根据“listen to”可知，指喜欢听姐姐说日语。listen to sb. do sth表示“听某人做某事”。故填speak。 2．My family went to the Great Wall, with my father (drive). 【答案】driving 【详解】句意：我的家人去了长城，我的父亲开车。drive“开车”，动词，此处用其现在分词作伴随状语。故填driving。 3．Peter offered (try) his best to help me although he was busy. 【答案】to try 【详解】句意：尽管彼得很忙，他还是主动提出尽力帮助我。try“努力”，offer to do sth“主动提出做某事”。故填to try。 4．His dream is (join) in the chess competition. 【答案】to join 【详解】句意：他的梦想是加入国际象棋比赛。one’s dream is to do“某人的梦想是做某事”，用不定式作表语。故填to join。 5．The baby’s gesture made everyone (laugh) loudly. 【答案】laugh 【详解】句意：婴儿的手势使每个人都大笑起来。laugh“笑”，make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。故填laugh。 6．I think it is a good idea (taste) Huaiyang Cuisine at one of the local restaurants. 【答案】to taste 【详解】句意：我想去当地的餐馆尝尝淮扬菜是个好主意。根据“it is a good idea”可知，此处动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to taste。 7．My father spends a lot of his time (teach) kids to swim. 【答案】teaching 【详解】句意：我父亲花了很多时间教孩子们游泳。teach“教”，spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”。故填teaching。 8．I have a healthy diet, so I have no trouble (control) my weight. 【答案】controlling 【详解】句意：我有健康的饮食习惯，所以我在控制体重方面没有问题。have trouble (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，其中in可以省略，所以此处用controlling，表示做“控制体重”这件事没有困难。故填controlling。 9．The Chinese government is making great efforts to achieve carbon neutrality. We should all play a part in the environment.  (protect) 【答案】protecting 【详解】句意：中国政府正为实现碳中和付出巨大努力，我们都应参与到环境保护中。play a part in doing sth.意为 “参与做某事”，介词in后接动名词，protect的动名词形式为protecting，故填protecting。 10．Jim doesn’t know how (fix) up his TV. 【答案】to fix 【详解】句意：Jim不知道如何修理这个电视。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处是 “疑问词+不定式” 结构，在句中作“know”的宾语。故填to fix。 11．One way to solve your problem is (share) worries with your friends. 【答案】to share 【详解】句意：解决你问题的一个方法是和你的朋友分享你的担忧。根据“One way to solve your problem is”可知，这里是作系动词is的表语，用动词不定式。故填to share。 12．College students have more chances (study) abroad through this program. 【答案】to study 【详解】句意：大学生通过这个项目有更多机会出国学习。分析题干可知，空处是作后置定语修饰名词chances，应用动词不定式。故填to study。 13．If you are a fan of trains, the National Railway Museum is a great place (visit). 【答案】to visit 【详解】句意：如果你是火车迷，国家铁路博物馆是一个参观的好地方。visit“参观”，动词；此处应用不定式to visit作后置定语，修饰名词“place”。故填to visit。 14．She kept (regret) her decision to give up the job without a backup plan. 【答案】regretting 【详解】句意：她一直后悔自己没有后备计划就放弃了那份工作。根据“kept”可知，此处考查“keep doing sth.”这一固定用法，表示“一直做某事”。regret“后悔”，动词，其动名词形式为regretting。故填regretting。 15．What a pity it is (find) that Ma Long has to retire because of a serious injury! 【答案】to find 【详解】句意：发现马龙因重伤不得不退役，真遗憾！此处考查固定句型“What a pity it is to do sth.” (做某事真遗憾)，空格处需用不定式作真正主语 (it为形式主语)。故填to find。 1、 单词拼写（词汇过关） 1．The a spends most of his time learning about different planets. 【答案】(a)stronaut 【详解】句意：这位宇航员大部分时间都在了解不同的行星。根据“spends most of his time learning about different planets”可知，此处说的是宇航员。astronaut“宇航员”，可数名词，谓语动词“spends”为第三人称单数，此处用单数。故填(a)stronaut。 2．I like to watch films in this cinema because the s are comfortable. 【答案】(s)eats 【详解】句意：我喜欢在这家电影院看电影，因为座位很舒服。根据“I like to watch films in this cinema”和首字母提示可知，指这家电影院的作为很舒服。seat意为“座位”，结合“are”判断，此处应用复数形式。故填(s)eats。 3．She seems to get sick because her face looks p . 【答案】(p)ale 【详解】句意：她好像生病了，因为她脸色苍白。根据“She seems to get sick”及首字母可知，应是脸色看起来苍白，pale“苍白的”，形容词作表语。故填(p)ale。 4．He has accepted my i to come to my birthday party. 【答案】(i)nvitation 【详解】句意：他接受了我的邀请来参加我的生日派对。根据“He has accepted my ... to come to my birthday party.”和首字母可知，来参加生日派对说明接受了邀请。invitation“邀请”，此处指某一次邀请，用单数。故填(i)nvitation。 5．Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great a to us. 【答案】(a)chievement 【详解】句意：如此迅速地达成这项协议对我们来说是一个伟大的成就。根据“Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great...”及备选词可知，快速达成协议应是一种成就，achievement“成就”，a后跟单数名词。故填(a)chievement。 6．They visited the Tsinghua (大学) during their trip in Beijing. 【答案】University 【详解】句意：他们在北京访问期间参观了清华大学。根据“Tsinghua”可知，此处说的是清华大学。大学：university，此处为专有名词，首字母应大写，故填University。 7．The pilots had to take emergency action to (避免) a disaster. 【答案】avoid 【详解】句意：飞行员不得不采取紧急行动以避免灾难。“避免”avoid，to后接动词原形构成不定式，表目的。故填avoid。 8．His speech was full of (幽默), which made everyone laugh at times. 【答案】humour/humor 【详解】句意：他的演讲充满幽默感，不时逗得大家大笑。humour/humor“幽默”，不可数名词。故填humour/humor。 9．In order to (减少) the fee, they decided to take a train. 【答案】reduce 【详解】句意：为了减少费用，他们决定乘火车。“减少”reduce，in order to do sth“为了做某事”，故填reduce。 10．There will be a fashion show in the shopping mall (今晚). 【答案】tonight 【详解】句意：今晚购物中心将有一场时装表演。“今晚”tonight，副词，在句中作时间状语。故填tonight。 二、完成句子（短语过关） 1．My father doesn’t have at all. (幽默感) 【答案】 a sense of humor/humour 【详解】句意：我父亲一点幽默感也没有。根据汉语提示可知，固定搭配a sense of humor/humour“幽默感”符合句意。故填a；sense；of；humor/humour。 2．She worked hard to get good marks so as not to her parents (使……失望). 【答案】 let down 【详解】句意：她努力工作以取得好成绩，以免让她的父母失望。根据汉语提示可知，动词短语let sb down“使某人失望”符合句意，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填let；down。 3．The boy can recite about 100 telephone numbers (单凭记忆). 【答案】 by heart 【详解】句意：这个男孩单凭记忆能背诵大约100个电话号码。根据汉语提示可知，介词短语by heart“靠记忆”符合句意。故填by；heart。 4． (一系列) technical problems had a bad influence on the new product. 【答案】 A series of 【详解】句意：一系列技术问题对新产品产生了不良影响。根据汉语提示可知，固定搭配a series of“一系列”符合句意，句首字母要大写。故填A；series；of。 5．The promotion (晋升) was (一个转折点) in her career. 【答案】 a turning point 【详解】句意：这次晋升是她人生中的一个转折点。根据汉语提示可知，turning point“转折点”符合句意，turning以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a泛指“一个”。故填a；turning；point。 6．I don’t plan to (加入) any clubs because I don’t have free time. 【答案】join 【详解】句意：我不打算加入任何俱乐部，因为我没有空闲时间。根据汉语提示可知，动词短语join“加入”符合句意，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填join。 7．Many of my friends offered me help when I was . (处于困境). 【答案】 in trouble 【详解】句意：当我处于困境时，我的许多朋友都向我提供了帮助。根据汉语提示可知，介词短语in trouble“处于困境”符合句意。故填in；trouble。 8．I (丝毫不知道) why he was angry with me. 【答案】 had no idea 【详解】句意：我丝毫不知道他为什么生我的气。根据汉语提示可知，动词短语have no idea“不知道”符合句意，结合“he was angry with me.”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，动词have要用过去式。故填had；no；idea。 9．He is an excellent swimmer, so he gets the gold medal (轻而易举). 【答案】 without difficulty 【详解】句意：他是一名优秀的游泳运动员，所以他轻而易举地获得了金牌。根据汉语提示可知，“轻而易举”可用介词短语without difficulty表示。故填without；difficulty。 10．He is a serious man who doesn’t like others to (跟……开玩笑) him. 【答案】 play jokes on 【详解】句意：他是个严肃的人，不喜欢别人跟他开玩笑。根据汉语提示可知，动词短语play jokes on“对……开玩笑”符合句意，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填play；jokes；on。 三、完形填空 At 1:02 p.m. on May 22, 2021, liver (肝) surgeon (外科医生) Wu Mengchao, 99, died in Shanghai. He was 1 as the founder of hepatobiliary (肝胆的) surgery in the country and was the teacher of about 80% of the nation’s experts and doctors working on liver surgery today. Wu operated on thousands of patients, and 2 at least 16,000 lives. Five minutes later, with family members singing his favorite songs softly to him in Changsha, agricultural scientist Yuan Longping 3 at the age of 91. He was famous as “the father of hybrid rice”, who helped lift the nation out of 4 . The two devoted their lives to saving and improving people’s lives. Together with generations of their students, they not only made a big 5 to the lives of Chinese people, but also many living in other 6 and least-developed countries. Keeping that medical science is humanity, Wu would lose his temper in operating rooms even in his 90s 7 his assistants (助手) did not use the medicines with the best cost-performance to help patients save money. Working in paddy fields (稻田) for decades, Yuan’s lifelong dream was always to make the Chinese people be 8 to fill their own bowls with rice. He was still 9 about his experimental fields and the weather conditions during the last few days of his life. What makes Wu and Yuan great is their love for the people. The public’s great grief at their deaths 10 how much their down-to-earth dedication (奉献) 1 to improving people’s lives touched hearts throughout the country. 2．A．known B．founded C．born D．made 3．A．saved B．achieved C．considered D．killed 4．A．caught up B．put off C．passed away D．took care 5．A．drought B．hunger C．health D．education 6．A．influence B．joke C．mess D．difference 7．A．wealthy B．developing C．large D．modern 8．A．where B．why C．when D．whether 9．A．able B．difficult C．special D．interesting 10．A．arguing B．complaining C．asking D．moving 11．A．forgets B．warns C．believes D．shows 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文讲述了吴孟超和袁隆平两位伟人一生奉献医学和农业，拯救生命、解决饥饿问题，他们的逝世让全国悲痛，彰显了其伟大精神。 1．句意：他被认为是中国肝胆外科的创始人。 known被称为；founded创立；born出生；made制造。根据“as the founder of hepatobiliary (肝胆的) surgery in the country”可知，吴孟超被认为是中国肝胆外科的创始人，故选A。 2．句意：吴孟超为数千名患者做过手术，至少挽救了16000条生命。 save挽救；achieved实现；considered考虑；killed杀害。根据“Wu operated on thousands of patients”可知，吴孟超为患者做手术，所以是挽救生命，故选A。 3．句意：五分钟后，在长沙，家人轻声为他唱着他最喜欢的歌，农业科学家袁隆平去世，享年91岁。 caught up赶上；put off推迟；passed away去世；took care照顾。根据“at the age of 91”以及前文提到吴孟超去世，可知这里说的是袁隆平也去世了，故选C。 4．句意：他作为“杂交水稻之父”而闻名，他帮助国家摆脱了饥饿。 drought干旱；hunger饥饿；health 健康；education教育。根据“the father of hybrid rice”可知，杂交水稻能解决粮食问题，让国家摆脱饥饿，故选B。 5．句意：他们和几代学生一起，不仅对中国人民的生活产生了重大影响，也对许多其他发展中国家和最不发达国家的人民的生活产生了重大影响。 influence影响；joke玩笑；mess混乱；difference差异。根据“made a big...to the lives of Chinese people”可知，是对生活产生重大影响，make a difference to为固定搭配，故选D。 6．句意：他们和几代学生一起，不仅对中国人民的生活产生了重大影响，也对许多其他发展中国家和最不发达国家的人民的生活产生了重大影响。 wealthy富裕的；developing发展中的；large大的；modern现代的。根据“least-developed countries”可知，这里说的是发展中国家，故选B。 7．句意：吴孟超坚持医学就是人性，即使在90多岁的时候，当他的助手没有使用性价比最高的药物来帮助病人省钱时，他也会在手术室里发脾气。 where在哪里；why为何；when当……时候；whether是否。根据“his assistants (助手) did not use the medicines with the best cost-performance to help patients save money”可知，这是他发脾气的时间条件，故选C。 8．句意：在稻田里工作了几十年，袁隆平毕生的梦想始终是让中国人民能够用自己的米饭装满自己的碗。 able能够；difficult困难的；special特殊的；interesting有趣的。根据“fill their own bowls with rice”可知，是能够用米饭装满碗，be able to为固定搭配，故选A。 9．句意：在他生命的最后几天里，他仍然在询问他的试验田和天气情况。 arguing争论； complaining抱怨；asking询问；moving移动。根据“about his experimental fields and the weather conditions”可知，是询问试验田和天气情况，故选C。 10．句意：公众对他们的逝世感到巨大悲痛，这表明他们为改善人民生活所做的脚踏实地的奉献是多么触动全国人民的心。 forgets忘记；warns警告；believes相信；shows表明。根据“how much their down-to-earth dedication (奉献) to improving people’s lives touched hearts throughout the country”可知，公众的悲痛表明了他们的奉献触动了人心，故选D。 4、 阅读理解（单元话题阅读·时文） Huang Xuhua (1926—2025), a great Chinese scientist, spent all his life making China stronger. His amazing achievements and strong spirit will always be remembered and will guide China’s future. Born in Guangdong, Huang saw his country suffer from foreign attacks. Because of these experiences, he made up his mind to study hard and use his knowledge to make his country stronger. In the 1950s, China began building nuclear submarines (核潜艇). Huang bravely joined this project. At that time, there wasn’t much modern technology, so this task was really challengeable. Huang and his team faced many challenges while keeping the project a secret. They mustn’t share their work with anyone outside their group, not even their families. So Huang was away from home for years. As they worked on designing the submarines, they faced many problems. For example, building a nuclear reactor (核反应堆) was very difficult, and they couldn’t ask foreign experts for help. Instead, they had to depend on their own research and used simple tools to do the scientific work. Another major challenge was ensuring the submarine could stay stable (稳固的) underwater. After many tests, they gradually found solutions to these problems. Finally, in the 1970s, China successfully built and tested its first nuclear submarine. This made China one of the few countries that could do this. Huang didn’t stop there. He continued to improve submarine technology and received many awards for his hard work, including the “Medal of the Republic” in 2019. As we remember Huang Xuhua, we realize his life inspires us all. Young people should learn from his courage, bravery and resolutions. By facing challenges and working hard, we can help make China stronger and keep his spirit alive. 1．What can we know about Huang Xuhua from the text? A．He was a risk-taker who often acted with bravery. B．He was a common person who received many awards. C．He was a lonely person who preferred to work alone. D．He was a strong-willed person who kept trying for better. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Foreign experts. B．Huang Xuhua’s family. C．Huang Xuhua and his team. D．The nuclear submarines. 3．Which is NOT mentioned as a challenge in building China’s first nuclear submarine? A．China didn’t have modern technology. B．Foreign experts refused to help. C．Using simple tools for the scientific work. D．Keeping the submarine stable underwater. 4．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By asking questions. C．By listing numbers. D．By showing facts. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To praise Huang’s efforts and his spirit. B．To explain how nuclear submarines work. C．To introduce the hard life of Huang Xuhua. D．To compare Chinese and foreign submarine technologies. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记，主要讲述了中国科学家黄旭华的生平事迹及其对中国核潜艇事业的贡献，强调了他的坚韧精神和对国家的奉献。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“His amazing achievements and strong spirit will always be remembered”和第4段“He continued to improve submarine technology and received many awards”可知，黄旭华意志坚定且不断追求进步。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段“Huang and his team faced many challenges... They mustn’t share their work with anyone outside their group”可知，“They”指代黄旭华及其团队。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“they couldn’t ask foreign experts for help”可知，文中未提及“外国专家拒绝帮助”，而是主动无法求助。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“China successfully built and tested its first nuclear submarine... He continued to improve... received many awards”可知，作者通过列举事实 (如核潜艇成功研制、获奖) 支持段落主旨。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。全文通过黄旭华的事迹 (如克服困难、获奖) 赞扬其奉献精神和坚韧品质。根据文章首尾段“His strong spirit will always be remembered... we realize his life inspires us all”可知，写作目的是赞颂黄旭华。故选A。 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Fangding, 1 one of the important and excellent Chinese scientists, has got great achievements in nuclear (核) physics and radiochemistry (放射化学). He helped solve the problems of nuclear testing, nuclear bombs (核弹) and nuclear waste (核废料), which is one of the hardest and most important problems in 2 (produce) clean nuclear energy. He has 3 (be) a member of Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院院士) since 1992. He has played 4 important role in China’s nuclear industry. His research and achievements have had a great influence on 5 (Chinese) development in science and technology and he has also taught many new successful scientists who learn a lot from him, including his spirit. He was born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province in December, 1928. There was no good studying condition in his time like today’s, 6 he worked hard and entered Sichuan University. Since he graduated from the university in 1952, he has worked on nuclear science. Though the working conditions were also very hard, he with his team beat many different 7 (difficulty) and succeeded in developing our country’s science technology. With their hard work, our country’s development of nuclear science and technology has been ahead of the world level and we own the 8 (good) technology in many ways in the world. Like many Chinese scientists, he just works hard on our country’s development and gets one after another achievement that is great enough 9 (shock) the world. Thank those who work hard 10 (silent) and protect us bravely instead of running for money and fame. They are real idols (偶像) really worth our care and love. 【答案】 1．as 2．producing 3．been 4．an 5．China’s 6．but 7．difficulties 8．best 9．to shock 10．silently 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了中国著名核物理学家王方定院士的成就和贡献，以及他对中国核科技发展的深远影响。 1．句意：王方定作为中国重要且优秀的科学家之一，在核物理和放射化学领域取得了巨大成就。根据“one of the important and excellent Chinese scientists”可知，此处表示身份，as“作为”符合。故填as。 2．句意：他帮助解决了核试验、核弹和核废料问题，这是生产清洁核能最困难、最重要的问题之一。根据空前的介词“in”可知，此处用动名词形式，作宾语。故填producing。 3．句意：自1992年以来，他一直是中国科学院院士。此处应用过去分词形式，构成现在完成时。故填been。 4．句意：他在中国核工业中发挥了重要作用。 played an important role“发挥了重要作用”，是固定搭配。故填an。 5．句意：他的研究和成就对中国科学技术的发展产生了巨大的影响，他也教会了许多新的成功科学家，他们从他身上学到了很多，包括他的精神。根据“His research and achievements have had a great influence on…development in science and technology”的语境可知，此处指他的研究和成就对中国科学技术的发展产生了巨大的影响，China“中国”，用’s所有格形式，构成所属关系。故填China’s。 6．句意：他那个时代没有像今天这样好的学习条件，但他努力学习并进入了四川大学。根据“There was no good studying condition in his time like today’s…he worked hard and entered Sichuan University.”的语境可知，此处句意发生了转折，but“但是”符合。故填but。 7．句意：虽然工作条件也很艰苦，但他和他的团队克服了许多不同的困难，成功地发展了我国的科学技术。many后接可数名词复数，应填difficulties。故填difficulties。 8．句意：在他们的努力下，我国核科学技术的发展已经领先于世界水平，我们在许多方面拥有世界上最好的技术。根据“the”以及比较范围“in the world”可知，此处含有最高级的含义，用最高级形式best。故填best。 9．句意：像许多中国科学家一样，他只是为我们国家的发展而努力，取得了一个又一个足以震惊世界的成就。enough to do sth.“足够做某事”，是固定搭配。故填to shock。 10．句意：感谢那些默默努力工作、勇敢保护我们的人，而不是追逐名利的人。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词形式，修饰动词work，silently“默默地”。故填silently。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$