精品解析：上海市徐汇区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末英语试题

2024学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高二英语 试卷 2025.6 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. By taxi B. By subway C. By bus D. On foot 2 A. Play basketball. B. Submit homework. C. Study math. D. Go to sleep. 3. A. Bookstore. B. Library. C. Classroom. D. Café. 4. A. The trip was too long. B. She disliked the art section. C. She wanted more time for art. D. The museum was closed. 5. A. Buy a new computer. B. Restart the computer. C. Wait until tomorrow. D. Ask Tom for help. 6. A. Surprised. B. Angry. C. Regretful. D. Excited. 7. A. He didn’t pass an exam. B. He lost his job. C. He missed a bus. D. He broke his phone. 8. A. His dog helped solve the problems. B. He finished it after playing with the dog. C. He couldn’t complete it because it was damaged. D. He thinks the homework was too easy. 9. A. She will go after studying briefly. B. She lost their game ticket. C. She dislikes basketball. D. She can’t attend due to heavy studying. 10. A. The notes contain hidden messages. B. The notes are hard to read. C. The boy copied them in another language. D. The boy doesn’t want to review the notes. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the conversation. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Space Exploration B. Green Technology for a Sustainable Future C. Artificial Intelligence D. Medical Breakthroughs 12. A. A film screening B. A group discussion C. A prize ceremony D. A Q&A session and workshop 13. A. School website B. Bulletin board C. Science Department D. Gymnasium Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation 14. A. The Silk Road B. The Roman Empire C. The Han Dynasty D. Ancient Artifacts 15. A. Research the Roman Empire B. Create the presentation slides C. Handle the Chinese section D. Interview Mr. Zhang 16. A. A poster presentation B. A 10-page report C. A live demonstration D. At least five reliable sources Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, choose to make the passage coherent and grammatic correct. For the blanks with a given word, choose the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, pick one word that best fits each blank. In California’s fire-prone forests, scientists have confirmed an ancient wisdom: ____1____ (fight) fire with fire works. A study of California’s 2020 wildfire season shows that controlled burns, called “prescribed burning,” ____2____ reduce future wildfire severity by 15% and smoke by 14%, even after counting the smoke from the burns themselves. This practice isn’t new. Native American tribes used controlled fires for centuries ____3____ (manage) forests. However, European settlers began suppressing all fires, leading to overgrown forests packed with flammable material. ___4___ (combine) with climate change-induced heat and drought, this has created perfect conditions for catastrophic(灾难性的)wildfires. Researchers analyzed 186 areas ___5___ prescribed burns were later hit by wildfires. They found these treated areas burned ___6___ (intensely) and produced less smoke than untreated ones. The method works better than mechanical thinning ___7___ it removes fine, quick-burning materials like dry leaves and small branches. The study suggests burning 400,000 hectares annually could cut California’s wildfire smoke by 650,000 tons over five years-equivalent to halving 2020’s smoke output. California ___8___ (increase) prescribed burns from 30,000 hectares last year to a planned 160,000 hectares in 2025. However, challenges remain. Nearby communities may experience more frequent (though less intense) smoke exposure. Public fear of escaped fires and legal restrictions also limit the practice. In crowded areas like Los Angeles, prescribed burns are often too risky, ___9___ (require) alternative solutions. While not perfect, prescribed burning offers a powerful tool ___10___ worsening wildfires, combining modem science with ancient forest management wisdom. 1. A. Fought B. Fighting C. Having fought D. Being fought 2. A. can B. must C. need D. should 3. A. to manage B. managing C. managed D. having manage 4. A. Combined B. Combining C. Having combined D. To combine 5. A. that B. which C. when D. where 6. A. more intensely B. less intensely C. most intensely D. least intensely 7. A. until B. though C. because D. but 8. A. has increased B. is increasing C. will increase D. is increased 9. A. required B. to require C. requiring D. being required 10. A. of B. for C. at D. against Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A survived B. interaction C. shrinking D. lessons E. evidence F. habitats G. ultimately H. temporarily I. extinction J. factor K. existing New research reveals that some of South America’s largest prehistoric animals, including saber toothed cats and giant sloths (树懒) weighing over 4 tons, survived much longer than scientists previously believed — some until just 3,500 years ago. This discovery challenges ____11____ theories about what caused their extinction. For decades, researchers thought these “megafauna” (大型动物) died out around 11,700 years ago, when Earth’s climate warmed (the start of the Holocene period), and humans spread across the Americas. However, a Brazilian research team has found ____12____ that many species persisted for thousands of years after human arrival. Using radiocarbon dating on fossils from eight species, including the massive sloth Eremotherium laurillardi and saber-toothed cat Smilodon popular, scientists discovered most ____13____ until 6,000-8,000 years ago. Two species — a giant llama (美洲驼) (Palaeolama major) and a camel-like creature (Xenorhinotherium bahiense) — lasted until 3,500 years ago, making them the continent’s last surviving megafauna. The team argues that environmental changes, not human hunting, were the main cause of ____14____. As the Holocene (全新世) climate transformed South America’s landscapes — ____15____ grasslands and expanding forests — these large animals lost their ____16____. “While humans may have contributed, habitat loss was the primary ____17____,” says lead researcher Fábio Cortes. Other experts disagree. Jens-Christian Svenning suggests growing human populations ____18____ caused the extinctions, though he acknowledges climate played a role. Suresh Singh notes the complex ____19____ between human activity and environmental change likely sealed the megafauna’s fate. This debate continues as scientists re-examine why Earth’s largest creatures disappeared — with important ____20____ for modern conservation efforts. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Nobody loves a dirty rat, right? But what about an African giant pouched rat, a Goliath-sized rodent (啮齿动物) weighing 1.5-2kg (three to four times the size of our own brown rat) and ____21____ to the grasslands of southern Africa? Over the past 25 years, these giant rats — known as ‘hero rats’ by the people who train them — have been used to ____22____ deadly landmines and tuberculosis pathogens (结合病原体) in medical samples. Now, there’s even more reason to love these rodents—they could play an important role in ____23____ the illegal wildlife trade, thanks to their amazing sense of smell. Research by scientists from the non-profit group APOPO shows that giant rats can spot samples of elephant ivory, rhino horn, pangolin scales, and African hardwood, even when these ____24____ wildlife products are mixed with non-target items. Law enforcement already uses high-tech scanners and detection dogs. So why rats? Senior scientist Isabelle Szott explains they have____25____ over traditional methods. First, a rat costs $8,000 to train versus up to $30,000 for a dog. Airport scanners can cost ____26____ from $30,000 to $1.2 million. “Their light weight is also an important ___27___ for detection,” says Szott. “Rats can be lifted to higher locations, like shipping containers’ airing systems.” ____28____, rats can go where dogs cannot. Dogs often need the same handler, while rats are less ____29____, making them flexible. APOPO has successfully tested rats at Tanzania’s Dar es Salaam port. Now, they aim to expand globally. APOPO _____30_____ with Tanzania’s Wildlife Authority, and Singapore and France have shown interest. ‘Hero rats’ doesn’t do them justice — they’re ‘super rats’! 21. A. negative B. native C. decisive D. productive 22. A. destroy B. ignore C. avoid D. detect 23. A. fighting B. supporting C. ignoring D. funding 24 A. authentic B. profitable C. ordinary D. harmful 25. A. flaws B. habits C. risks D. advantages 26. A. anywhere B. nowhere C. everywhere D. somewhere 27. A. problem B. mistake C. aspect D. theory 28. A. Therefore B. However C. In other words D. Similarly 29. A. demanding B. intelligent C. loyal D. aggressive 30. A. competes B. disagrees C. cooperates D. argues Section B Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Time travel is a classic theme in science fiction, appearing in everything from Doctor Who to Edge of Tomorrow. Whether through a time machine or mysterious ancient stones, altering the past often creates chaos — changing timelines, erasing key events, or trapping characters in endless loops. Movies like Groundhog Day and Palm Springs play with these ideas, making us wonder: How would we escape such a fate? Memory loss is another favorite sci-fi theme. A hero who can’t remember anything instantly creates mystery — why? What are they hiding? Selective amnesia (健忘症) deepens the intrigue (阴谋、诡计) while keeping readers and characters on the same page. Stories like Memento and Inception explore identity: Who are we without our memories? Nicholas Binge’s Dissolution masterfully combines time travel and memory into a gripping thriller (惊悚片). The protagonist (主角), Maggie, is an elderly woman facing loneliness — her husband, Stanley, no longer recognizes her, and her estranged son avoids her. Then a stranger, Hassan, claims Stanley’s memories are being stolen. The story unfolds through interview transcripts and flashbacks, creating a complex puzzle reminiscent (回忆者) of Memento. Binge’s clever writing keeps you hooked, and with a film adaptation already in the works, this is a must-read for sci-fi fans. For something shorter but equally intriguing, Olivia Waite’s Murder by Memory offers a cozy yet futuristic mystery. Ship detective Dorothy Gentleman wakes up in someone else’s body to find that a killer is erasing victims’ stored memories — ensuring they stay dead. The novella is fast-paced and fun, perfect for readers who love sci-fi crime. Though brief, it’s the start of a promising series, and hopefully, future installments will be bundled into a longer collection. If you enjoy mind-bending plots about time and memory, these two books are excellent choices — one a layered thriller, the other a quick but clever whodunit. Happy reading! 31 What is a common consequence of time travel in science fiction stories? A. Characters gain supernatural abilities. B. Historical accuracy is exactly preserved. C. Societies achieve Utopian perfection. D. Timelines are disrupted, leading to repeated or erased events. 32. How does selective memory loss enhance a story’s narrative? A. It eliminates the need for character development. B. It allows the protagonist to outsmart others easily. C. It creates shared uncertainty between the character and reader. D. It focuses the plot entirely on action sequences. 33. What challenges does the protagonist of Dissolution face? A. Isolation from family and her husband’s fading memory. B. A high-stakes political conspiracy. C. A dangerous journey through physical realms. D. A career-threatening professional mistake. 34. What unique element defines the murders in Murder by Memory? A. Victims’ stored memories are destroyed, preventing rebirth. B. The killer uses futuristic technology to hide their identity. C. The crimes occur in a virtual reality simulation. D. The detective possesses supernatural powers. 35. According to the author, what unites the two recommended books? A. Both are lengthy novels with intricate world-building. B. They blend themes of identity and futuristic technology. C. They cater to fans of twisty, thought-provoking narratives. D. Both focus on historical events reimagined through sci-fi. B While researching Starbound, my book exploring the feasibility of interstellar (星际) travel, encountered astonishing—and often absurd—spaceship concepts proposed in trustworthy scientific journals. The most ill-famed is Project Orion (1957 - 1965), which aimed to propel a spacecraft I exploding thermonuclear bombs behind it, using the explosive force to thrust the vessel forward Decades later, physicist Freeman Dyson, who contributed to the project, reflected: “We were a insane to believe any of this could work.” His sincere admission underscores the audacity (鲁莽) such ideas. Yet Orion is just one example. In 1984, Anthony Martin speculated in the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society that a starship could carry “only 50 million people”— equivalent to the earth population of the British Isles. His casual dismissal of this shocking number (“Only?”) revealed scale of these ambitions. That same year, physicist Robert L. Forward proposed a laser-powered light sail spanning 1,000 kilometers. However, he acknowledged a critical flaw: the system would require up to 75,000 terawatts (TW) of energy. To put this in perspective, one terawatt equaled Earth’s total annual energy output at the time. In 1996, NASA engineer Thomas McKendree proposed a spacecraft constructed with diamond - like materials using molecular nanotechnology (纳米技术). This 4,610-kilometer-long “diamond ship” could theoretically house 99 billion people—a curiously specific figure that begs the question: why not round to 100 billion? Even seemingly practical designs face overwhelming hurdles (障碍). Take the “world ship” concept, where generations live and die during voyages lasting centuries. A 2020 study defined these ships as carrying over 100,000 passengers at speeds below 10% of light’s velocity (速度). However, researchers identified a critical flaw: with an estimated three component failures per second, maintenance systems would need near-perfect autonomy. Paradoxically, the self-repairing mechanisms required to fix these breakdowns would themselves be likely to fail, creating a destructive cycle that could doom the entire mission. Given these challenges, focusing on colonizing our solar system—targets like Mars, the Moon, or icy moons such as Europa—may be more realistic. While still enormously complex and costly, such projects avoid the fantastical hurdles of interstellar travel. As physicist Suresh Singh notes, “The best ideas aren’t always the grandest—sometimes they’re just the ones that don’t defy physics.” 36. What does Freeman Dyson’s reflection on Project Orion reveal about the project’s feasibility? A. It was a well-executed plan with minor flaws. B. It relied on cautious and gradually increasing advancements. C. The team underestimated the risks of their ambitious approach. D. The design was too simple to address interstellar challenges. 37. Why does the author highlight Anthony Martin’s use of the word “only” when describing a starship’s capacity? A. To criticize his lack of scientific accuracy. B. To emphasize the unrealistic scale of proposed projects. C. To praise his focus on practicality over ambition. D. To question the ethics of transporting large populations. 38. What is the author’s likely intent in questioning the “99 billion” population figure for the diamond spacecraft? A. To applaud the precision of scientific calculations. B. To highlight the environmental impact of such a ship. C. To argue for even larger interstellar vehicles. D. To suggest the proposal lacks practicality or credibility. 39. What is the central flaw identified in the “world ship” concept? A. A self-defeating cycle of mechanical failures. B. Insufficient speed to reach distant stars. C. Ethical concerns about generational confinement. D. The astronomical cost of construction materials. 40. How does the author contrast colonizing the solar system with interstellar travel? A. It requires abandoning all ambitious goals. B. It prioritizes achievable projects over implausible ones. C. It focuses solely on cost-effective solutions. D. It ignores the potential of future technological breakthroughs. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Numbers sometimes hide patterns you might miss at first. Barcodes are a good example. These number sequences identify products. Try this with a 13-digit barcode. Find one on an item. Books won’t work, but magazines will. Add up every digit in an odd position (1st, 3rd, 5th, etc ...) Then add up every digit in an even position (2nd, 4th, 6th, etc ...) Multiply the even sum by 3. Add this result to the odd sum. The final total should end in a 0. This means it is a multiple of 10. ____41____ Its job is to catch mistakes. Most digits give real information. For example, the first two digits show the country (like 50 for the UK, or 690-695 for China). The next ten digits identify the product and maker. Barcode scanners use lasers to read the stripes matching the numbers. ___42___ They might misread a damaged or curved barcode. So, the scanner calculates the checksum after reading the digits. It only accepts the code if the checksum ends in 0. ____43____ ISBNs on books use them. Driver’s licenses and credit card numbers use them too. A website can spot a wrong credit card number instantly using its checksum. These systems all use math to check if a number is valid. Checksums don’t catch every error. _____44_____ They also can’t tell you which digit is wrong. But they catch most mistakes. This saves time and makes systems stronger. A. There’s still a small chance a wrong number passes the check. B. This final digit is called a ‘checksum’. C. Much information can be read out from barcodes. D. Checksums are used in many systems. E. Barcode system is nearly available in various stores. F. Scanners can make errors. Ⅳ. Summary Writing 45. Direction: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The PowerStride Backpack: Charging Your Devices While You Walk Modern students rely heavily on electronic devices for learning, communication, and research. However, constant charging interrupts study sessions and mobility. The PowerStride Backpack offers an innovative solution: it binds moving energy from walking to generate electricity, turning daily travels into a power source. The backpack’s secret lies in its flexible piezoelectric panels (Turning-Pressure-into-Power panels) integrated (集成) into the shoulder straps and back padding. As the wearer walks, the natural motion compresses these panels, creating small electrical charges. These charges are collected and stored in a lightweight, built-in battery pack. A single hour of walking generates enough energy to charge a smartphone up to 20%, while a full school day can power a tablet or e-reader. The stored energy is accessible via USB ports unnoticeably placed in a side pocket. Beyond convenience, the PowerStride Backpack promotes sustainability and preparedness. Students no longer need to hunt for outlets between classes or carry large power banks. It ensures devices stay charged for note-taking, research, or emergency communication during long school days or commutes. Additionally, it reduces dependency on grid electricity, cutting down electronic waste from disposable batteries. Its durable, weather-resistant design makes it ideal for all seasons. Currently in model testing, the PowerStride Backpack could soon integrate solar panels for hybrid (混杂的) energy generation. Researchers also aim to adapt its technology for other wearable items like jackets or sports gear. For students, it represents more than convenience — it fosters awareness of renewable energy and demonstrates how everyday actions (like walking) can sustainably power our tech-driven lives. The PowerStride Backpack transforms an ordinary activity into a source of clean energy. It exemplifies how creativity in engineering can address real-world challenges, offering students greater independence while promoting environmental responsibility. As technology evolves, inventions like this empower users to literally carry the future on their shoulders. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 46. 正是他的好奇心使他又有了新的发明。(It)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 47. 他家隔壁的餐馆开始使用机器人送餐了。(deliver) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 48. 她每天对着镜子练习英语口语，这使她不久就能和房东用英语沟通了。(which) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 49. 这座历史博物馆计划通过3D技术重现宋朝古都繁华的市井生活景象。(recreate) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing 50. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生会主席李华。学校计划试行“学生自主管理食堂周”，由学生团队设计健康菜谱、管理用餐秩序并收集反馈。请你以学生会名义写一份英文建议信给校长，内容包括： ●描述当前食堂存在的1个突出问题(如菜品单一、排队混乱等)； ●提出具体改进方案及预期效果； ●说明该活动对学生能力培养的意义。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高二英语 试卷 2025.6 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. By taxi B. By subway C. By bus D. On foot 2. A. Play basketball. B. Submit homework. C. Study math. D. Go to sleep. 3. A. Bookstore. B. Library. C. Classroom. D. Café. 4. A. The trip was too long. B. She disliked the art section. C. She wanted more time for art. D. The museum was closed. 5. A. Buy a new computer. B. Restart the computer. C. Wait until tomorrow. D. Ask Tom for help. 6. A. Surprised. B. Angry. C. Regretful. D. Excited. 7. A. He didn’t pass an exam. B. He lost his job. C. He missed a bus. D. He broke his phone. 8. A. His dog helped solve the problems. B. He finished it after playing with the dog. C. He couldn’t complete it because it was damaged. D. He thinks the homework was too easy. 9. A. She will go after studying briefly. B. She lost their game ticket. C. She dislikes basketball. D. She can’t attend due to heavy studying. 10. A. The notes contain hidden messages. B. The notes are hard to read. C. The boy copied them in another language. D. The boy doesn’t want to review the notes. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the conversation. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Space Exploration B. Green Technology for a Sustainable Future C. Artificial Intelligence D. Medical Breakthroughs 12. A. A film screening B. A group discussion C. A prize ceremony D. A Q&A session and workshop 13. A. School website B. Bulletin board C. Science Department D. Gymnasium Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation 14. A. The Silk Road B. The Roman Empire C. The Han Dynasty D. Ancient Artifacts 15. A. Research the Roman Empire B. Create the presentation slides C Handle the Chinese section D. Interview Mr. Zhang 16. A. A poster presentation B. A 10-page report C. A live demonstration D. At least five reliable sources Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, choose to make the passage coherent and grammatic correct. For the blanks with a given word, choose the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, pick one word that best fits each blank. In California’s fire-prone forests, scientists have confirmed an ancient wisdom: ____1____ (fight) fire with fire works. A study of California’s 2020 wildfire season shows that controlled burns, called “prescribed burning,” ____2____ reduce future wildfire severity by 15% and smoke by 14%, even after counting the smoke from the burns themselves. This practice isn’t new. Native American tribes used controlled fires for centuries ____3____ (manage) forests. However, European settlers began suppressing all fires, leading to overgrown forests packed with flammable material. ___4___ (combine) with climate change-induced heat and drought, this has created perfect conditions for catastrophic(灾难性的)wildfires. Researchers analyzed 186 areas ___5___ prescribed burns were later hit by wildfires. They found these treated areas burned ___6___ (intensely) and produced less smoke than untreated ones. The method works better than mechanical thinning ___7___ it removes fine, quick-burning materials like dry leaves and small branches. The study suggests burning 400,000 hectares annually could cut California’s wildfire smoke by 650,000 tons over five years-equivalent to halving 2020’s smoke output. California ___8___ (increase) prescribed burns from 30,000 hectares last year to a planned 160,000 hectares in 2025. However, challenges remain. Nearby communities may experience more frequent (though less intense) smoke exposure. Public fear of escaped fires and legal restrictions also limit the practice. In crowded areas like Los Angeles, prescribed burns are often too risky, ___9___ (require) alternative solutions. While not perfect, prescribed burning offers a powerful tool ___10___ worsening wildfires, combining modem science with ancient forest management wisdom. 1. A. Fought B. Fighting C. Having fought D. Being fought 2. A. can B. must C. need D. should 3. A. to manage B. managing C. managed D. having manage 4 A. Combined B. Combining C. Having combined D. To combine 5. A. that B. which C. when D. where 6. A. more intensely B. less intensely C. most intensely D. least intensely 7. A. until B. though C. because D. but 8. A. has increased B. is increasing C. will increase D. is increased 9. A. required B. to require C. requiring D. being required 10. A. of B. for C. at D. against 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述加州用规定燃烧法对抗野火的研究及挑战。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在加州易发生火灾的森林中，科学家们证实了一个古老的智慧：以火攻火是有效的。A. Fought战斗（过去式或过去分词）；B. Fighting战斗（现在分词或动名词）；C. Having fought已经战斗（现在分词的完成式）；D. Being fought正在被战斗（现在分词的被动式）。此处应用动名词短语作主语，表示一种普遍的行为或做法。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：一项对加利福尼亚2020年野火季节的研究表明，即使在计算了燃烧本身产生的烟雾后，被称为“计划烧除”的控制性燃烧仍能将未来野火的严重程度降低15%，烟雾减少14%。A. can能够；B. must必须；C. need需要；D. should应该。此处表示“能够”将未来野火的严重程度和烟雾减少，应用情态动词can。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：美洲原住民部落几个世纪以来一直使用控制性火灾来管理森林。A. to manage管理（不定式）；B. managing管理（现在分词）；C. managed管理（过去式或过去分词）；D. having managed已经管理（现在分词完成式）。use sth. to do sth.“使用……来做……”，此处应用不定式短语作目的状语，表示使用控制性火灾的目的，即“to manage forests”。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：再加上气候变化引起的炎热和干旱，这为灾难性的野火创造了完美的条件。A. Combined结合（过去分词）；B. Combining结合（现在分词）；C. Having combined已经结合（现在分词的完成式）；D. To combine为了结合（不定式）。此处应用非谓语动词作状语，且“combine”与“this”（指代上文提到的森林过度生长和易燃物质堆积的情况）之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：研究人员分析了186个地区，这些地区后来都遭受了野火的袭击，但之前都进行过计划烧除。A. that那（关系代词，引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语）；B. which哪一个（关系代词，引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语）；C. when什么时候（关系副词，引导定语从句时，在从句中作时间状语）；D. where在哪里（关系副词，引导定语从句时，在从句中作地点状语）。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词186 areas，且从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：他们发现，这些经过处理的地区比未经处理的地区燃烧得没那么剧烈，产生的烟雾也更少。A. more intensely更剧烈地；B. less intensely不那么剧烈地；C. most intensely最剧烈地；D. least intensely最不剧烈地。根据句意和“less smoke than untreated ones”可知，此处应用副词比较级“less intensely”，表示“没那么剧烈”。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查连词。句意：这种方法比机械疏伐更有效，因为它能去除像干叶和小树枝这样的细小、易燃的材料。A. until直到；B. though虽然；C. because因为；D. but但是。后半句解释前半句“方法更有效”的原因，用 because连接原因状语从句。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查时态。句意：加利福尼亚州计划将计划烧除的面积从去年的3万公顷增加到2025年的16万公顷。A. has increased已经增加（现在完成时）；B. is increasing正在增加（现在进行时）；C. will increase将增加（一般将来时）；D. is increased被增加（一般现在时的被动语态）。根据句意和“a planned 160,000 hectares in 2025”可知，句子使用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，符合“从去年3万公顷增加到2025年计划的16万公顷”的渐进过程。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在像洛杉矶这样拥挤的地区，计划烧除往往风险太大，需要其他解决方案。A. required需要（过去式或过去分词）；B. to require需要（不定式）；C. requiring需要（现在分词）；D. being required正在被需要（现在分词的被动式）。此处应用非谓语动词作状语，且“require”与“prescribed burns”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：虽然并不完美，但计划烧除提供了一种强大工具来对抗日益恶化的野火，将现代科学与古老的森林管理智慧相结合。A. of ……的；B. for为了；C. at在；D. against对抗。根据“worsening wildfires”可知，此处表示对抗日益恶化的野火，应用介词against。故选D。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. survived B. interaction C. shrinking D. lessons E. evidence F. habitats G. ultimately H. temporarily I. extinction J. factor K. existing New research reveals that some of South America’s largest prehistoric animals, including saber toothed cats and giant sloths (树懒) weighing over 4 tons, survived much longer than scientists previously believed — some until just 3,500 years ago. This discovery challenges ____11____ theories about what caused their extinction. For decades, researchers thought these “megafauna” (大型动物) died out around 11,700 years ago, when Earth’s climate warmed (the start of the Holocene period), and humans spread across the Americas. However, a Brazilian research team has found ____12____ that many species persisted for thousands of years after human arrival. Using radiocarbon dating on fossils from eight species, including the massive sloth Eremotherium laurillardi and saber-toothed cat Smilodon popular, scientists discovered most ____13____ until 6,000-8,000 years ago. Two species — a giant llama (美洲驼) (Palaeolama major) and a camel-like creature (Xenorhinotherium bahiense) — lasted until 3,500 years ago, making them the continent’s last surviving megafauna. The team argues that environmental changes, not human hunting, were the main cause of ____14____. As the Holocene (全新世) climate transformed South America’s landscapes — ____15____ grasslands and expanding forests — these large animals lost their ____16____. “While humans may have contributed, habitat loss was the primary ____17____,” says lead researcher Fábio Cortes. Other experts disagree. Jens-Christian Svenning suggests growing human populations ____18____ caused the extinctions, though he acknowledges climate played a role. Suresh Singh notes the complex ____19____ between human activity and environmental change likely sealed the megafauna’s fate. This debate continues as scientists re-examine why Earth’s largest creatures disappeared — with important ____20____ for modern conservation efforts. 【答案】11. K 12. E 13. A 14. I 15. C 16. F 17. J 18. G 19. B 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了南美大型史前动物灭绝时间及原因的新研究引发争议，对现代保护工作有启示。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这一发现挑战了关于它们灭绝原因的现有理论。根据空后的theories可知，空处需用形容词修饰名词，existing“现有的”符合句意，指现有的理论。故选K。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，一个巴西研究团队发现了证据，表明许多物种在人类到来后又持续了数千年。根据空前的found可知，空处应填名词作宾语，结合下文“that many species persisted for thousands of years after human arrival.”可知evidence“证据”符合句意，指发现了物种持续存在的证据。故选E。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：科学家们通过对包括巨大的树懒Eremotherium laurillardi和剑齿虎Smilodon popular在内的8个物种的化石进行放射性碳年代测定，发现大多数物种存活到6000 - 8000年前。根据句意及空前的discovered可知，空处应用动词survived“存活”，作宾语从句的谓语，表示“发现大多数物种存活到……”。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究小组认为，环境变化，而不是人类狩猎，是灭绝的主要原因。根据空前的“the main cause of”可知，空处应填名词，extinction“灭绝”符合句意，指环境变化是灭绝的主因。故选I。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着全新世的气候改变了南美洲的景观——草原缩小，森林扩大——这些大型动物失去了它们的栖息地。根据空后的grasslands and expanding forests可知，空处需用现在分词作伴随状语，shrinking“缩小”符合句意，描述草原的变化。故选C。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着全新世的气候改变了南美洲的景观——草原缩小，森林扩大——这些大型动物失去了它们的栖息地。根据句意及空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，空处应用名词habitats“栖息地”，作lost的宾语，表示“失去了它们的栖息地”。故选F。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：“虽然人类可能也促成了这一结果，但栖息地丧失是主要因素，”首席研究员法比奥·科尔特斯说。根据句意及空前的形容词primary可知，空处应用名词factor“因素”，作表语，表示“栖息地丧失是主要因素”。故选J。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：延斯-克里斯蒂安·斯文宁表示，不断增长的人口最终导致了灭绝，尽管他承认气候也起到了一定作用。根据句意及空后的动词caused可知，空处应用副词ultimately“最终”，修饰动词caused，表示“最终导致了灭绝”。故选G。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：苏雷什·辛格指出，人类活动与环境变化之间的复杂相互作用可能决定了这些大型动物的命运。根据句意及空前的形容词complex可知，空处应用名词interaction“相互作用”，作notes的宾语从句的主语，指两者之间的相互影响。故选B。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着科学家们重新审视地球最大生物消失的原因，这场辩论仍在继续 —— 这对现代保护工作有着重要的教训。根据空前的important可知，空处应填名词，lessons“教训”符合句意，指对保护工作有借鉴意义。故选D。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Nobody loves a dirty rat, right? But what about an African giant pouched rat, a Goliath-sized rodent (啮齿动物) weighing 1.5-2kg (three to four times the size of our own brown rat) and ____21____ to the grasslands of southern Africa? Over the past 25 years, these giant rats — known as ‘hero rats’ by the people who train them — have been used to ____22____ deadly landmines and tuberculosis pathogens (结合病原体) in medical samples. Now, there’s even more reason to love these rodents—they could play an important role in ____23____ the illegal wildlife trade, thanks to their amazing sense of smell. Research by scientists from the non-profit group APOPO shows that giant rats can spot samples of elephant ivory, rhino horn, pangolin scales, and African hardwood, even when these ____24____ wildlife products are mixed with non-target items. Law enforcement already uses high-tech scanners and detection dogs. So why rats? Senior scientist Isabelle Szott explains they have____25____ over traditional methods. First, a rat costs $8,000 to train versus up to $30,000 for a dog. Airport scanners can cost ____26____ from $30,000 to $1.2 million. “Their light weight is also an important ___27___ for detection,” says Szott. “Rats can be lifted to higher locations, like shipping containers’ airing systems.” ____28____, rats can go where dogs cannot. Dogs often need the same handler, while rats are less ____29____, making them flexible. APOPO has successfully tested rats at Tanzania’s Dar es Salaam port. Now, they aim to expand globally. APOPO _____30_____ with Tanzania’s Wildlife Authority, and Singapore and France have shown interest. ‘Hero rats’ doesn’t do them justice — they’re ‘super rats’! 21. A. negative B. native C. decisive D. productive 22. A. destroy B. ignore C. avoid D. detect 23. A. fighting B. supporting C. ignoring D. funding 24. A. authentic B. profitable C. ordinary D. harmful 25. A. flaws B. habits C. risks D. advantages 26. A. anywhere B. nowhere C. everywhere D. somewhere 27. A. problem B. mistake C. aspect D. theory 28. A. Therefore B. However C. In other words D. Similarly 29. A. demanding B. intelligent C. loyal D. aggressive 30. A. competes B. disagrees C. cooperates D. argues 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了非洲巨颊囊鼠（又称“英雄鼠”）在探测地雷、结核病病原体以及打击非法野生动物贸易中的独特作用。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但非洲巨颊囊鼠呢？这种“巨人”体型的啮齿动物重1.5-2公斤（是普通棕鼠的三到四倍），原产于非洲南部的草原。A. negative消极的；B. native原生的；C. decisive决定性的；D. productive多产的。根据后文“to the grasslands of southern Africa”可知，此处需填入与“原产地”相关的形容词。且全文主题为非洲巨颊囊鼠的自然栖息地及用途，这种鼠是非洲原生物种。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去25年里，这些被训练者称为“英雄鼠”的巨鼠被用于探测致命的地雷和医学样本中的结核病原体。A. destroy破坏；B. ignore忽略；C. avoid避免；D. detect 探测。根据后文“Now, there’s even more reason to love these rodents—they could play an important role in ____3____ the illegal wildlife trade, thanks to their amazing sense of smell.”可知，它们拥有出色的嗅觉，可以推断，它们善于完成依靠灵敏嗅觉的任务，且全文围绕巨鼠的“探测能力”展开。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，人们更有理由喜爱这些啮齿动物了——它们能在打击非法野生动物贸易中发挥重要作用。A. fighting打击；B. supporting支持；C. ignoring忽视；D. funding资助。根据本句中的“illegal wildlife trade”（非法野生动物贸易）可知，此处需填入具有积极行动意义的动词，这是需要打击的犯罪行为。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。研究表明，即使这些危害大的野生动物制品（如象牙、犀牛角）与非目标物品混合，巨鼠也能识别。A. authentic真实的；B. profitable有利可图的；C. ordinary普通的；D. harmful有害的。前文列举的“elephant ivory, rhino horn”象牙、犀牛角等均为受保护的野生动物制品，从法律层面和生态保护层面来说，它们的交易对野生动物种群和生态系统具有严重危害性。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：高级科学家Isabelle Szott解释，它们比传统方法有优势。A. flaws缺陷；B. habits习惯；C. risks风险；D. advantages优势。根据后文“First, a rat costs $8,000 to train versus up to $30,000 for a dog.”可知，训练一只巨鼠仅花费8千美元，而训练一只狗却需要高达3万美元，这是明显的优势。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：机场扫描仪的成本可能高达30万至120万美元。A. anywhere任何地方；B. nowhere无处；C. everywhere到处；D. somewhere大约。根据本句中的“from $30,000 to $1.2 million”可知，此处表示机场扫描仪在3万美元到120万美元这个范围之间，“somewhere between...and...”为固定搭配，表示“大约在……之间”。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Szott说：“它们的轻体重也是用来探测的一个重要方面。”A. problem问题；B. mistake错误；C. aspect方面；D. theory理论。根据前文“Senior scientist Isabelle Szott explains they have____5____ over traditional methods. First, a rat costs $8,000 to train versus up to $30,000 for a dog.”可知，与传统的探测方法比，巨鼠有优势，第一个方面是成本低，而此处讲的体重轻是优势的第二个方面。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查副词和介词短语辨析。句意：因此，老鼠可以进入狗无法到达的地方。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. In other words换言之；D. Similarly类似地。 前文说巨鼠体重轻，此处说能去狗去不了的地方，前后是因果关系。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：狗通常需要固定训练员，而老鼠的依赖性较低，灵活性更强。A. demanding苛刻的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. loyal忠诚的；D. aggressive侵略性的。 根据本句中的Dogs often need the same handler和while一词可知，与狗“需要固定训练员”对比，老鼠应是对人依赖少，在对人的依赖性方面没有像狗对人的依赖那么严苛。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：APOPO已与坦桑尼亚野生动物管理局合作，新加坡和法国也表示有兴趣。A. competes竞争；B. disagrees不同意；C. cooperates合作；D. argues争论。根据前文“APOPO has successfully tested rats at Tanzania’s Dar es Salaam port.”可知，该组织已在坦桑尼亚进行了成功的测试，可推知与该国是进行合作。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Time travel is a classic theme in science fiction, appearing in everything from Doctor Who to Edge of Tomorrow. Whether through a time machine or mysterious ancient stones, altering the past often creates chaos — changing timelines, erasing key events, or trapping characters in endless loops. Movies like Groundhog Day and Palm Springs play with these ideas, making us wonder: How would we escape such a fate? Memory loss is another favorite sci-fi theme. A hero who can’t remember anything instantly creates mystery — why? What are they hiding? Selective amnesia (健忘症) deepens the intrigue (阴谋、诡计) while keeping readers and characters on the same page. Stories like Memento and Inception explore identity: Who are we without our memories? Nicholas Binge’s Dissolution masterfully combines time travel and memory into a gripping thriller (惊悚片). The protagonist (主角), Maggie, is an elderly woman facing loneliness — her husband, Stanley, no longer recognizes her, and her estranged son avoids her. Then a stranger, Hassan, claims Stanley’s memories are being stolen. The story unfolds through interview transcripts and flashbacks, creating a complex puzzle reminiscent (回忆者) of Memento. Binge’s clever writing keeps you hooked, and with a film adaptation already in the works, this is a must-read for sci-fi fans. For something shorter but equally intriguing, Olivia Waite’s Murder by Memory offers a cozy yet futuristic mystery. Ship detective Dorothy Gentleman wakes up in someone else’s body to find that a killer is erasing victims’ stored memories — ensuring they stay dead. The novella is fast-paced and fun, perfect for readers who love sci-fi crime. Though brief, it’s the start of a promising series, and hopefully, future installments will be bundled into a longer collection. If you enjoy mind-bending plots about time and memory, these two books are excellent choices — one a layered thriller, the other a quick but clever whodunit. Happy reading! 31. What is a common consequence of time travel in science fiction stories? A. Characters gain supernatural abilities. B. Historical accuracy is exactly preserved. C. Societies achieve Utopian perfection. D. Timelines are disrupted, leading to repeated or erased events. 32. How does selective memory loss enhance a story’s narrative? A. It eliminates the need for character development. B. It allows the protagonist to outsmart others easily. C. It creates shared uncertainty between the character and reader. D. It focuses the plot entirely on action sequences. 33. What challenges does the protagonist of Dissolution face? A. Isolation from family and her husband’s fading memory. B. A high-stakes political conspiracy. C. A dangerous journey through physical realms. D. A career-threatening professional mistake. 34. What unique element defines the murders in Murder by Memory? A. Victims’ stored memories are destroyed, preventing rebirth. B. The killer uses futuristic technology to hide their identity. C. The crimes occur in a virtual reality simulation. D. The detective possesses supernatural powers. 35. According to the author, what unites the two recommended books? A. Both are lengthy novels with intricate world-building. B. They blend themes of identity and futuristic technology. C. They cater to fans of twisty, thought-provoking narratives. D. Both focus on historical events reimagined through sci-fi. 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. A 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科幻作品中时间旅行和记忆主题的书籍推荐。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第一段中“Whether through a time machine or mysterious ancient stones, altering the past often creates chaos — changing timelines, erasing key events, or trapping characters in endless loops. (无论是通过时间机器还是神秘的古代石头，改变过去往往都会造成混乱——改变时间线、抹去关键事件，或者让角色陷入无尽的循环之中。)”可知，在科幻故事中，时间旅行的一个常见后果是时间线被扰乱，导致事件重复或被抹去。故选D。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第二段中“Selective amnesia (健忘症) deepens the intrigue (阴谋、诡计) while keeping readers and characters on the same page. (选择性失忆加深了阴谋，同时让读者和角色处于同一认知层面。)”可知，选择性失忆在故事中创造了角色和读者之间的共同不确定性，从而增强了故事的叙述。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第三段中“The protagonist (主角), Maggie, is an elderly woman facing loneliness — her husband, Stanley, no longer recognizes her, and her estranged son avoids her. (主角玛吉是一位面临孤独的老年女性——她的丈夫斯坦利不再认得她，而她疏远的儿子也躲着她。)”可知，《Dissolution》的主角面临的挑战是与家人的隔绝以及她丈夫逐渐衰退的记忆。故选A。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第四段中“Ship detective Dorothy Gentleman wakes up in someone else’s body to find that a killer is erasing victims’ stored memories — ensuring they stay dead. (飞船侦探多萝西·绅士在别人的身体里醒来，发现一个杀手正在抹去受害者储存的记忆——以确保他们永远死去。)”可知，《Murder by Memory》中的谋杀案的独特之处在于受害者储存的记忆被摧毁，从而阻止了他们的重生。故选A。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“If you enjoy mind-bending plots about time and memory, these two books are excellent choices — one a layered thriller, the other a quick but clever whodunit. (如果你喜欢关于时间和记忆的烧脑情节，这两本书是绝佳的选择——一本是层层递进的惊悚片，另一本是快速而聪明的侦探小说。)”可知，作者认为这两本书的共同之处在于它们都迎合了喜欢曲折、发人深省的叙述的读者。故选C。 B While researching Starbound, my book exploring the feasibility of interstellar (星际) travel, encountered astonishing—and often absurd—spaceship concepts proposed in trustworthy scientific journals. The most ill-famed is Project Orion (1957 - 1965), which aimed to propel a spacecraft I exploding thermonuclear bombs behind it, using the explosive force to thrust the vessel forward Decades later, physicist Freeman Dyson, who contributed to the project, reflected: “We were a insane to believe any of this could work.” His sincere admission underscores the audacity (鲁莽) such ideas. Yet Orion is just one example. In 1984, Anthony Martin speculated in the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society that a starship could carry “only 50 million people”— equivalent to the earth population of the British Isles. His casual dismissal of this shocking number (“Only?”) revealed scale of these ambitions. That same year, physicist Robert L. Forward proposed a laser-powered light sail spanning 1,000 kilometers. However, he acknowledged a critical flaw: the system would require up to 75,000 terawatts (TW) of energy. To put this in perspective, one terawatt equaled Earth’s total annual energy output at the time. In 1996, NASA engineer Thomas McKendree proposed a spacecraft constructed with diamond - like materials using molecular nanotechnology (纳米技术). This 4,610-kilometer-long “diamond ship” could theoretically house 99 billion people—a curiously specific figure that begs the question: why not round to 100 billion? Even seemingly practical designs face overwhelming hurdles (障碍). Take the “world ship” concept, where generations live and die during voyages lasting centuries. A 2020 study defined these ships as carrying over 100,000 passengers at speeds below 10% of light’s velocity (速度). However, researchers identified a critical flaw: with an estimated three component failures per second, maintenance systems would need near-perfect autonomy. Paradoxically, the self-repairing mechanisms required to fix these breakdowns would themselves be likely to fail, creating a destructive cycle that could doom the entire mission. Given these challenges, focusing on colonizing our solar system—targets like Mars, the Moon, or icy moons such as Europa—may be more realistic. While still enormously complex and costly, such projects avoid the fantastical hurdles of interstellar travel. As physicist Suresh Singh notes, “The best ideas aren’t always the grandest—sometimes they’re just the ones that don’t defy physics.” 36. What does Freeman Dyson’s reflection on Project Orion reveal about the project’s feasibility? A. It was a well-executed plan with minor flaws. B. It relied on cautious and gradually increasing advancements. C. The team underestimated the risks of their ambitious approach. D. The design was too simple to address interstellar challenges. 37. Why does the author highlight Anthony Martin’s use of the word “only” when describing a starship’s capacity? A. To criticize his lack of scientific accuracy. B. To emphasize the unrealistic scale of proposed projects. C. To praise his focus on practicality over ambition. D. To question the ethics of transporting large populations. 38. What is the author’s likely intent in questioning the “99 billion” population figure for the diamond spacecraft? A. To applaud the precision of scientific calculations. B. To highlight the environmental impact of such a ship. C. To argue for even larger interstellar vehicles. D. To suggest the proposal lacks practicality or credibility. 39. What is the central flaw identified in the “world ship” concept? A A self-defeating cycle of mechanical failures. B. Insufficient speed to reach distant stars. C. Ethical concerns about generational confinement. D. The astronomical cost of construction materials. 40. How does the author contrast colonizing the solar system with interstellar travel? A. It requires abandoning all ambitious goals. B. It prioritizes achievable projects over implausible ones. C. It focuses solely on cost-effective solutions. D. It ignores the potential of future technological breakthroughs. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了星际旅行的可行性，列举了历史上几个著名的星际飞船概念（如猎户座计划、钻石飞船等），并指出这些方案存在的不切实际之处。最后提出更现实的方案是优先殖民太阳系内天体。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The most ill-famed is Project Orion (1957 - 1965), which aimed to propel a spacecraft I exploding thermonuclear bombs behind it, using the explosive force to thrust the vessel forward Decades later, physicist Freeman Dyson, who contributed to the project, reflected: “We were a insane to believe any of this could work.” His sincere admission underscores the audacity (鲁莽) such ideas.(最臭名昭著的是猎户座计划（1957-1965年），该计划旨在通过在一艘宇宙飞船后面引爆热核炸弹来推动飞船前进，利用爆炸力将飞船向前推进。几十年后，参与该项目的物理学家弗里曼·戴森反思道：“我们太疯狂了，居然相信这些都能奏效。”他真诚的坦言凸显了这些想法的鲁莽。)”这表明他认为Project Orion的想法过于大胆、不切实际，团队高估了自己的能力，低估了风险。选项C“该团队低估了他们激进方法的风险”最符合这一态度。故选C项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In 1984, Anthony Martin speculated in the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society that a starship could carry “only 50 million people”— equivalent to the earth population of the British Isles. His casual dismissal of this shocking number (“Only?”) revealed scale of these ambitions.(1984年，安东尼·马丁在《英国星际学会杂志》上推测，一艘星际飞船只能搭载“5000万人”——相当于不列颠群岛地球人口。他对这个惊人的数字的随意否定（“只有？”）揭示了这些雄心的规模。)”可知，文中提到Anthony Martin在描述一艘可容纳“仅5000万人”的星舰时使用了“Only?”这个词，语气上显得轻描淡写，仿佛这个数字并不庞大。但实际上5000万人口已经相当于一个国家的人口规模，作者借此突出这类设想在规模上的荒谬性。因此，选项B“为了强调所提项目规模的不现实性”最贴切。故选B项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“This 4,610-kilometer-long “diamond ship” could theoretically house 99 billion people—a curiously specific figure that begs the question: why not round to 100 billion?(这艘长4610公里的“钻石船”理论上可以容纳990亿人——这是一个非常具体的数字，让人不禁要问：为什么不凑整到1000亿呢？)”可知，作者对Thomas McKendree提出的990亿人口容量提出疑问：“a curiously specific figure that begs the question: why not round to 100 billion?” 这种质疑暗示该数字缺乏合理性或可信度，只是为了凑数而设定，而不是基于严谨的推算。因此，选项D“建议该提议缺乏实用性或可信度”最为准确。故选D项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“However, researchers identified a critical flaw: with an estimated three component failures per second, maintenance systems would need near-perfect autonomy. Paradoxically, the self-repairing mechanisms required to fix these breakdowns would themselves be likely to fail, creating a destructive cycle that could doom the entire mission.(然而，研究人员发现了一个关键缺陷：据估计，每秒有三个部件发生故障，维护系统需要近乎完美的自主性。矛盾的是，修复这些故障所需的自修复机制本身也可能失败，从而形成一个破坏性的循环，可能导致整个任务失败。)”可知，这说明其核心问题是机械故障与修复之间的恶性循环。故选A项。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Given these challenges, focusing on colonizing our solar system—targets like Mars, the Moon, or icy moons such as Europa—may be more realistic. While still enormously complex and costly, such projects avoid the fantastical hurdles of interstellar travel. As physicist Suresh Singh notes, “The best ideas aren’t always the grandest—sometimes they’re just the ones that don’t defy physics.”(考虑到这些挑战，专注于殖民我们的太阳系——比如火星、月球或像欧罗巴这样的冰卫星——可能更为现实。虽然这些项目仍然极其复杂且成本高昂，但它们避免了星际旅行的奇幻障碍。正如物理学家苏雷什·辛格所指出的那样，“最好的想法并不总是最伟大的——有时它们只是那些不违背物理学的想法。”)”可知，强调应优先考虑不违背物理规律、切实可行的项目。选项B“它优先考虑可实现的项目，而非不切实际的设想”最能概括这一对比。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Numbers sometimes hide patterns you might miss at first. Barcodes are a good example. These number sequences identify products. Try this with a 13-digit barcode. Find one on an item. Books won’t work, but magazines will. Add up every digit in an odd position (1st, 3rd, 5th, etc ...) Then add up every digit in an even position (2nd, 4th, 6th, etc ...) Multiply the even sum by 3. Add this result to the odd sum. The final total should end in a 0. This means it is a multiple of 10. ____41____ Its job is to catch mistakes. Most digits give real information. For example, the first two digits show the country (like 50 for the UK, or 690-695 for China). The next ten digits identify the product and maker. Barcode scanners use lasers to read the stripes, matching the numbers. ___42___ They might misread a damaged or curved barcode. So, the scanner calculates the checksum after reading the digits. It only accepts the code if the checksum ends in 0. ____43____ ISBNs on books use them. Driver’s licenses and credit card numbers use them too. A website can spot a wrong credit card number instantly using its checksum. These systems all use math to check if a number is valid. Checksums don’t catch every error. _____44_____ They also can’t tell you which digit is wrong. But they catch most mistakes. This saves time and makes systems stronger. A. There’s still a small chance a wrong number passes the check. B. This final digit is called a ‘checksum’. C. Much information can be read out from barcodes. D. Checksums are used in many systems. E. Barcode system is nearly available in various stores. F. Scanners can make errors. 【答案】41. B 42. F 43. D 44. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍条形码中校验和的计算方法，其作用是纠错，虽有局限但在 ISBN、驾照等多系统中应用，能有效提升系统准确性。 【41题详解】 由上文“The final total should end in a 0. This means it is a multiple of 10. (最终的总和应以0结尾，这意味着它是10的倍数。)”可知，此处介绍了条形码数字计算的结果，空格后提到“Its job is to catch mistakes. (它的作用是捕捉错误。)”，其中Its需指代前文出现的事物。B项This final digit is called a “checksum”. (这个最后的数字被称为“校验和”)中的“final digit”对应上文“final total”，且“checksum”作为专业术语，引出下文对其功能的解释，逻辑连贯。故选B项。 【42题详解】 由上文“Barcode scanners use lasers to read the stripes, matching the numbers. (条形码扫描仪使用激光读取条纹，匹配数字。)”及下文“They might misread a damaged or curved barcode. (它们可能会误读损坏或弯曲的条形码。)”可知，They指代扫描仪，空格处需说明扫描仪可能出现的问题。F项Scanners can make errors. (扫描仪可能会出错。)直接指出扫描仪的局限性，与下文“misread”形成因果关系，解释了为何需要校验和进行验证。故选F项。 【43题详解】 由下文“ISBNs on books use them. Driver’s licenses and credit card numbers use them too. (书籍的 ISBN 使用它们，驾照和信用卡号码也使用它们。)”可知，them指代前文提到的“checksums (校验和)”，空格处需总述校验和的广泛应用。D项Checksums are used in many systems. (校验和在许多系统中被使用。)作为段落主题句，引出后文多个应用场景，其中“many systems”与下文“书籍、驾照、信用卡”等具体例子呼应。故选D项。 【44题详解】 由上文“Checksums don’t catch every error. (校验和不能捕捉所有错误。)”及下文“They also can’t tell you which digit is wrong. (它们也无法告诉你哪个数字错了。)”可知，空格处需进一步说明校验和的局限性。A项There’s still a small chance a wrong number passes the check. (仍然有很小的概率错误号码会通过校验。)承接“不能捕捉所有错误”，具体说明存在漏检的可能性，与下文“also can’t”形成并列递进关系。故选A项。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing 45. Direction: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The PowerStride Backpack: Charging Your Devices While You Walk Modern students rely heavily on electronic devices for learning, communication, and research. However, constant charging interrupts study sessions and mobility. The PowerStride Backpack offers an innovative solution: it binds moving energy from walking to generate electricity, turning daily travels into a power source. The backpack’s secret lies in its flexible piezoelectric panels (Turning-Pressure-into-Power panels) integrated (集成) into the shoulder straps and back padding. As the wearer walks, the natural motion compresses these panels, creating small electrical charges. These charges are collected and stored in a lightweight, built-in battery pack. A single hour of walking generates enough energy to charge a smartphone up to 20%, while a full school day can power a tablet or e-reader. The stored energy is accessible via USB ports unnoticeably placed in a side pocket. Beyond convenience, the PowerStride Backpack promotes sustainability and preparedness. Students no longer need to hunt for outlets between classes or carry large power banks. It ensures devices stay charged for note-taking, research, or emergency communication during long school days or commutes. Additionally, it reduces dependency on grid electricity, cutting down electronic waste from disposable batteries. Its durable, weather-resistant design makes it ideal for all seasons. Currently in model testing, the PowerStride Backpack could soon integrate solar panels for hybrid (混杂的) energy generation. Researchers also aim to adapt its technology for other wearable items like jackets or sports gear. For students, it represents more than convenience — it fosters awareness of renewable energy and demonstrates how everyday actions (like walking) can sustainably power our tech-driven lives. The PowerStride Backpack transforms an ordinary activity into a source of clean energy. It exemplifies how creativity in engineering can address real-world challenges, offering students greater independence while promoting environmental responsibility. As technology evolves, inventions like this empower users to literally carry the future on their shoulders. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: The PowerStride Backpack generates electricity from walking motion, charging devices sustainably. It uses piezoelectric panels to convert pressure into energy, stored in a built-in battery. This eco-friendly design reduces reliance on outlets and batteries, offering students portable power. Future versions may include solar panels and wearable tech adaptations. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了PowerStride背包通过行走动能发电的创新设计，解决了现代学生设备充电中断的问题。文中说明了其发电原理、充电效率、环保效益、耐用设计以及未来的技术拓展方向，展现了该背包如何将日常行走转化为清洁能源，体现了工程创新在解决实际问题中的作用。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Modern students face charging interruptions for devices, and the PowerStride Backpack solves this by generating electricity from walking motion. ②Flexible piezoelectric panels in straps and padding convert walking pressure into electrical charges, stored in a built-in battery (20% phone charge per hour of walking). ③It reduces reliance on outlets and disposable batteries, cutting e-waste, with a weather-resistant design for all seasons. ④Future plans include integrating solar panels and adapting tech to other wearables, fostering renewable energy awareness. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为总起句，点明背包解决充电问题的核心功能；将第②点作为背包的工作原理和充电效率；将第③点整合为背包的环保效益和设计优势；将第④点作为未来的技术拓展和意义。 3. 遣词造句 The PowerStride Backpack produces electricity from walking motion, charging devices sustainably. It uses piezoelectric panels to convert pressure into energy, stored in a built-in battery. This eco-friendly design reduces reliance on outlets and batteries, offering students portable power. Future versions may include solar panels and wearable tech adaptations. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The PowerStride Backpack generates electricity from walking motion, charging devices sustainably.（使用现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型2] This eco-friendly design reduces reliance on outlets and batteries, offering students portable power.（使用现在分词短语作状语） Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 46. 正是他的好奇心使他又有了新的发明。(It)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was his curiosity that enabled him to make another new invention. 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句型。句子使用强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分，强调“他的好奇心”，句子描述过去的情况，be动词使用was，“他的好奇心”his curiosity，“使某人能做某事”enable sb. to do sth.，动词使用过去式形式，“他”使用宾格形式him，作enabled的宾语，“又有了新的发明”make another new invention。故翻译为It was his curiosity that enabled him to make another new invention. 47. 他家隔壁的餐馆开始使用机器人送餐了。(deliver) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The restaurant next door to his house has started using robots to deliver meals. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和时态。“他家隔壁的餐馆”翻译为the restaurant next door to his house，名词短语作主语；“开始……了”强调动作完成，故用现在完成时has started。“用机器人送餐”翻译为use robots to deliver meals，start doing是固定搭配，所以use用动名词形式。故整句翻译为The restaurant next door to his house has started using robots to deliver meals. 48. 她每天对着镜子练习英语口语，这使她不久就能和房东用英语沟通了。(which) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She practiced oral English in front of the mirror every day, which enabled her to communicate with the landlord in English soon. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。该句子可以用一个主从复合句表示，句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时；“她”是she；“练习英语口语”翻译为practise oral English；“对着镜子”翻译为in front of the mirror；“每天”翻译为every day；所以主句部分翻译为She practised oral English in front of the mirror every day。“这使她不久就能和房东用英语沟通了”可以用which引导的非限制性定语从句表示；“这”用关系代词which代替上文提到的情况在从句中作主语；“使……能……”用enable somebody to do表示；“和房东交流”翻译为communicate with the landlord；“用英语”翻译为in English；“不久”用副词soon；所以，从句部分翻译为which enabled her to communicate with the landlord in English soon。故整句翻译为She practised oral English in front of the mirror every day, which enabled her to communicate with the landlord in English soon. 49. 这座历史博物馆计划通过3D技术重现宋朝古都繁华的市井生活景象。(recreate) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The historical museum plans to recreate the bustling street life scenes of the capital city of the Song Dynasty through 3D technology. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。“这座历史博物馆”译为the historical museum，“计划做”使用动词短语plan to do，“重现”使用动词recreate，“通过3D技术”使用介词短语through 3D technology，“宋朝古都繁华的市井生活景象”译为the bustling street life scenes of the capital city of the Song Dynasty，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语museum表示单数意义，谓语动词plan使用三单形式，故翻译为：The historical museum plans to recreate the bustling street life scenes of the capital city of the Song Dynasty through 3D technology. Ⅵ. Guided Writing 50. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生会主席李华。学校计划试行“学生自主管理食堂周”，由学生团队设计健康菜谱、管理用餐秩序并收集反馈。请你以学生会名义写一份英文建议信给校长，内容包括： ●描述当前食堂存在的1个突出问题(如菜品单一、排队混乱等)； ●提出具体改进方案及预期效果； ●说明该活动对学生能力培养的意义。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Principal, As the chairman of the Student Union at Mingqi Middle School, I am excited to propose a new initiative: the “Student-Led Cafeteria Management Week.” Currently, one major issue in our cafeteria is the lack of variety in meal options, which often leads to student dissatisfaction and longer queues due to repetitive choices. To address this, we propose involving student teams in designing healthy menus, ensuring a diverse range of dishes that cater to different dietary preferences and nutritional needs. Additionally, students will manage dining order to streamline the queuing process and collect feedback to continuously improve services. This activity not only aims to enhance the dining experience but also fosters essential skills in our peers such as teamwork, responsibility, and problem-solving. It’s a win-win for both the school and students’ personal growth. We believe this initiative will significantly improve the cafeteria environment and we eagerly await your approval to proceed. Sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一封以学生会名义写给校长的建议信，要求描述当前食堂存在的突出问题、提出改进方案及预期效果，并说明活动对学生能力培养的意义。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提议：propose → put forward 解决：address → tackle 包含：involving → encompassing 促进：fosters → facilitates 2.句式拓展 同义句改写 原句：Additionally, students will manage dining order to streamline the queuing process and collect feedback to continuously improve services. 拓展句：Furthermore, student teams will oversee dining etiquette to optimize queue efficiency and gather feedback systematically, thereby facilitating ongoing service enhancements. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Currently, one major issue in our cafeteria is the lack of variety in meal options, which often leads to student dissatisfaction and longer queues due to repetitive choices.（使用关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为the lack of variety in meal options） 【高分句型2】This activity not only aims to enhance the dining experience but also fosters essential skills in our peers such as teamwork, responsibility, and problem-solving.（使用“not only...but also... 结构”） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$