专题 J802 名词、代词、形容词&情态动词-【弯道超车-新八年级】2025年 初中英语七升八年级 暑假自习提升讲义(人教版2024)

2025-06-20
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学段 初中
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新八年级衔接讲义 专题J802 名词、代词、形容词和情态动词 暑假自习提升(人教版2024) 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图,把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合,梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点,提升能力 真题演练 感受真题,全面突破 考点一:名词 (一)分类  可数名词:有单复数形式,可直接用数词 / 不定冠词修饰,如 “book - books”“a book” 。例:“apple”(苹果)、“desk”(书桌),复数变化有规律与特殊情况。  不可数名词:无复数,需用量词搭配表数量,如 “a glass of water” 。例:“milk”(牛奶)、“bread”(面包),多为抽象 / 物质名词 。 (二)复数变化  规则变化: o 一般加 “s”,如 “dog - dogs” ; o 以 “s/x/ch/sh” 结尾加 “es”,如 “box - boxes” ; o 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾,变 “y” 为 “i” 加 “es”,如 “city - cities” ; o 以 “o” 结尾,有生命加 “es”(如 “tomato - tomatoes” ),无生命加 “s”(如 “photo - photos” ) 。  不规则变化: o 单复同形,如 “sheep - sheep” ; o 变元音字母,如 “man - men” ; o 特殊形式,如 “child - children” 。 (三)所有格  ’s 所有格:用于有生命事物,名词后加 “’s” 。例:“Tom’s book” ;共同拥有在最后一词加 “’s”(如 “Tom and Jerry’s room” ),各自拥有则每个名词加 “’s”(如 “Tom’s and Jerry’s books” ) 。  of 所有格:用于无生命事物,“of + 名词” 表所属,如 “a photo of the family”“the legs of the table” 。 (四)点对点练习题(5小题 ) 1. After the long - term drought, the villagers are eager for _______ to irrigate the dry fields. A. many rains B. a lot of rain C. much rains D. a few rain 2. In our school library, there are different kinds of _______, including storybooks and science fictions. A. dictionary B. dictionarys C. dictionaries D. dictionaryes 3. The new hospital is a project of _______ and it will benefit the whole community. A. the city B. the city’s C. the cities’ D. city’s 4. Look at those _______ on the grass. They look like white clouds. A. sheep B. sheeps C. cow D. cows 5. —Whose are these _______ in the classroom? —They might be the _______ from Grade 8. A. photo; student B. photos; students’ C. photoes; students D. photos; students 考点二:代词 (一)分类  人称代词: 人称 主格 宾格 第一人称单数 I(我) me(我) 第一人称复数 we(我们) us(我们) 第二人称单 / 复数 you(你 / 你们) you(你 / 你们) 第三人称男性单数 he(他) him(他) 第三人称女性单数 she(她) her(她) 第三人称复数 they(他们 / 她们 / 它们) them(他们 / 她们 / 它们) 第三人称中性单数 it(它) it(它) o 主格(I/we/you/he/she/they/it):作主语,表动作执行者,如 “I am a student.” 。 o 宾格(me/us/you/him/her/them/it):作宾语,表动作承受者,如 “Please help me.” 。  物主代词: 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 第一人称单数 my(我的) mine(我的) 第一人称复数 our(我们的) ours(我们的) 第二人称单 / 复数 your(你的 / 你们的) yours(你的 / 你们的) 第三人称男性单数 his(他的) his(他的) 第三人称女性单数 her(她的) hers(她的) 第三人称复数 their(他们的 / 她们的 / 它们的) theirs(他们的 / 她们的 / 它们的) 第三人称中性单数 its(它的) its(它的) o 形容词性(my/our/your/his/her/their/its):后接名词,修饰名词表所属,如 “my book” 。 o 名词性(mine/ours/yours/his/hers/theirs/its):相当于 “形物代 + 名词”,可独立使用,如 “The book is mine.” 。 (二)用法  人称代词排列:单数 “二三一”(you, he, I ),如 “You, he and I are good friends.” ;复数 “一二三”(we, you, they ),如 “We, you and they will go to the park.” 。  物主代词:形物代后接名词;名物代独立用,避免重复,如 “This pen is his. Yours is over there.” 。 (三)特殊形式  反身代词:如 “myself/ourselves” 等,可作宾语(如 “She hurt herself.” )、表语(如 “I am not myself today.” )、同位语(如 “I (四)点对点练习题(5小题 ) 1. —Mom, could you buy _______ a new backpack? This one is too old. —Sure, dear. But you need to choose it by _______. A. me; yourself B. I; yourself C. my; you D. mine; you 2. The twins’ hobbies are different. One likes reading novels, and _______ prefers painting. A. another B. the other C. other D. others 3. —Is this pink umbrella _______, Lucy? —No, it isn’t. _______ is purple. Maybe it belongs to Lily. A. your; Mine B. yours; My C. yours; Mine D. your; My 4. In the science competition, _______ and _______ classmates won the first prize together. A. he; his B. him; his C. he; him D. his; he 5. —Who taught _______ English last term? Was it Mr. Smith? —No, Miss White did. But I learned a lot by _______. A. your; me B. your; myself C. you; me D. you; myself 考点三:形容词 (一)用法  作定语:放名词前,修饰名词;修饰不定代词时放其后,如 “a beautiful girl”“something interesting” 。  作表语:放系动词(be/look/sound 等)后,说明主语性质、状态,如 “The music sounds good.” 。 (二)位置  修饰不定代词:置于不定代词后,如 “nothing important” 。  多个形容词:遵循 “限定词 + 描绘词 + 大小 / 形状 + 颜色 + 材料 + 名词” 顺序,如 “a beautiful small round red wooden table” 。 (三)特殊形容词  只能作表语:如 “afraid”“asleep” 等,不可作定语,如 “He is afraid of dogs.” 。  形似副词:如 “lonely”(形,可作定 / 表)、“friendly”(形)等,注意与副词区分,如 “a friendly person” 。 (四)点对点练习题(5小题 ) 1. After a _______ discussion, the students finally came up with a perfect plan for the school trip. A. two - hour B. two - hours C. two hours D. two hour’s 2. —How do you like the movie? —It’s really _______. The story is so moving that it made me cry twice. A. bored B. boring C. touched D. touching 3. Among all the cities in China, Lijiang is one of the _______ places I have ever visited. It’s full of ancient charm. A. more beautiful B. most beautiful C. beautifuler D. beautifulest 4. There is _______ in today’s newspaper. Most of the news is about the upcoming sports meeting. A. new something B. something new C. new anything D. anything new 5. The old man lives in a _______ house in the countryside, but he never feels _______ because he has many hobbies. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely 考点四:情态动词 (一)特点 无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,表达语气、情感、态度,常见有 “can/must/have to” 等 。 (二)用法  can:表能力(如 “I can swim.” )、请求(如 “Can I use your pen?” )、否定推测(如 “It can’t be true.” ) 。  must:表必须(如 “You must study hard.” )、禁止(如 “You mustn’t smoke here.” )、肯定推测(如 “He must be at home.” ) 。  have to:表客观必须,有人称和时态变化(如 “He has to work late.”“They had to stay at home.” ) 。 (三)句式  肯定句:主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 ,如 “She can dance.” 。  否定句:“can’t”“mustn’t”(表禁止)/“needn’t”(表不必,对应 must )、“don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to”(对应 have to ) 。  疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形(can/must );助动词 + 主语 + have to + 动词原形(have to ) 。 (四)点对点练习题(5小题 ) 1. —_______ you _______ the piano at the school talent show next week? —Yes, I plan to play a piece by Mozart. A. Can; play B. Must; play C. Will; play D. Can; to play 2. —I’m sorry I’m late. _______ I come in? —Sure, but please be on time next time. A. Must B. Should C. Can D. Need 3. You _______ worry about your son. He _______ take good care of himself during the school trip. A. mustn’t; can B. can’t; must C. shouldn’t; must D. needn’t; can 4. —_______ we clean the classroom right now? —No, you _______. You can do it after the school meeting. A. Must; mustn’t B. Must; needn’t C. Can; can’t D. May; needn’t 5. Because of the heavy snow, the students _______ stay at home and have online classes yesterday. A. have to B. must C. had to D. musted 一、名词 难点 1:复数规则与不规则变化的混淆  要点 1:以 “o” 结尾的名词复数易误判,如误将无生命的 “photo” 加 “es”,需牢记 “有生命加 es,无生命加 s”(如 potato→potatoes,piano→pianos)。  要点 2:不规则复数需特殊记忆,如 “child→children”“mouse→mice”,避免按规则变化误写。  要点 3:复合名词复数形式易出错,如 “man teacher→men teachers” 需前后都变复数,而 “apple tree→apple trees” 仅核心词变复数。 难点 2:不可数名词的量化表达  要点 1:误将不可数名词直接加复数,如 “breads”“milks”,需用量词搭配(a piece of bread,two glasses of milk)。  要点 2:抽象不可数名词如 “progress”“information” 无法用数词修饰,需通过 “a lot of”“much” 等表达数量。 二、代词 难点 1:物主代词的混用  要点 1:形容词性物主代词后必须接名词(如 my book),名词性物主代词独立使用(如 The book is mine),避免 “my is red” 类错误。  要点 2:双重所有格结构(a friend of mine)易写成 “a friend of me”,需注意 “of + 名词性物主代词” 的固定搭配。 难点 2:反身代词与人称代词的误用  要点 1:反身代词(如 myself)表示 “自己”,需与主语一致,避免 “himself” 对应主语 “she” 的错误。  要点 2:“by oneself”(独自)与 “for oneself”(为自己)易混淆,需根据语境区分(如 She did it by herself.)。 三、形容词 难点 1:形容词作定语的位置错误  要点 1:修饰不定代词时需后置(如 something interesting),避免 “interesting something” 的语序错误。  要点 2:多个形容词排序混乱,需按 “限定词 + 描绘词 + 颜色 + 材料” 顺序(如 a beautiful red wooden table)。 难点 2:表语形容词与定语形容词的区分  要点 1:“afraid”“asleep” 等只能作表语(如 He is afraid),不能作定语修饰名词。  要点 2:形似副词的形容词(如 lonely、friendly)易误作副词使用,需注意 “a lonely man” 中 “lonely” 为形容词。 四、情态动词 难点 1:must 与 have to 的辨析  要点 1:must 表主观必须(We must study hard),have to 表客观被迫(He has to stay home due to rain),时态上 have to 有 has/had 形式。  要点 2:must 的否定回答用 needn’t(不必),而非 mustn’t(禁止),如 “Must I go?” “No, you needn’t.” 难点 2:情态动词表推测的逻辑判断  要点 1:肯定推测用 must be(一定是),否定推测用 can’t be(不可能是),避免 “can be” 表肯定推测的错误。  要点 2:“may/might be” 表 “可能是”,语气弱于 must,需根据证据强度选择(如 The light is on. He must be at home.)。 考点一:名词 1. (24-25七年级下·四川雅安·期中)Look! There is a rabbit, two _______ and two _______ in the picture. A.sheep; mouse B.wolf; sheep C.foxes; wolves D.wolf; mice 2. (24-25七年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中)—Are there any ________ between the twins? —Yes. They have ________ eating habits and see things ________. A.different; differently; differences B.differences; different; different C.different; differences; differently D.differences; different; differently 3. (24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)The ________ is a famous newspaper in the ________. A.Guardian; UK B.Guardian; uk C.guardian; UK D.guardian; uk 4. (24-25七年级下·广东·期中)In many countries, ________ is on the fourth Thursday in ________. A.thanksgiving day; november B.Thanksgiving day; november C.thanksgiving day; November D.Thanksgiving Day; November 5. (24-25七年级下·安徽安庆·期中)The ________ dentists are helping people with their ________ problems. A.man; tooth B.man; teeth C.men; tooth D.men; teeth 6. (24-25七年级下·江苏泰州·期中)The shop near my home sells ________ clothes at a very good price. A.child and woman’s B.children’s and women’s C.children and women’s D.children’s and women 7. (24-25七年级下·江苏苏州·期中)— Is this a photo of ________ ? —Yes. He is reading. It is really a good habit of ________ to read books before going to bed. A.your cousin’s; him B.your cousin; him C.your cousin’s; his D.your cousin; his 8. (24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)We will visit ________ in Paris during ________. A.Louvre Museum, Spring festival B.the Louvre Museum, spring festival C.Louvre museum, the Spring Festival D.the Louvre Museum, the Spring Festival 9. (24-25七年级下·江苏镇江·期中)—I sit between Jim and Mary. —That’s to say, your seat is between ________. A.Jim and Mary B.Jim’s and Mary C.Jim’s and Mary’s D.Jim and Mary’s 10. (24-25七年级下·江西景德镇·期中)These toys aren’t ________. They belong to ________ next door. A.our; Carla B.ours; Carla C.ours’; Carla’s D.ours; Carla’s 考点二:代词 1. (24-25七年级下·云南昆明·期中)—What would you like to eat, Kate? —I’d like to eat some ________ and ________. A.beef; salad B.fishes; carrots C.dumpling; tofu D.mutton; bean 2. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)—Did you invite David and Tom to go swimming? —Yes, I did. But ________ of them agreed. They said they had to study for the exam. A.either B.neither C.none D.both 3. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)I have two pets and ______ of them are very cute. A.both B.either C.all D.none 4. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)I usually have ___________ bread and milk for breakfast. A.a B.the C.some D.any 5. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)Peter likes to play badminton and I think this badminton racket is ___________. A.yours B.mine C.hers D.his 6. (24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)They made the gifts ________ to make the celebration more special. A.themselves B.themself C.them D.their 7. (24-25七年级下·吉林长春·期中)Peter never feels bored, as he has many hobbies and can always find ________ to do every day. A.something interesting B.nothing interesting C.interesting something D.interesting anything 8. (24-25七年级下·吉林长春·期中)—Mom, I find ________ hard to learn physics well. —Don’t lose heart. ________, it’s a new subject for you. Work hard and you are sure to make progress. A.it’s; At all B.it; After all C.its; In all D.it; Of all 9. (24-25七年级下·云南昆明·期中)—Is this blue T-shirt ________? —No. ________ is black. A.yours; My B.yours; Mine C.your; Mine D.your; My 10. (24-25七年级下·四川雅安·期中)—Are these mobile phones the twin brothers’? —No, they don’t belong to _______. They are _______. A.them; ours B.theirs; our C.them; our D.theirs; ours 考点三:形容词 1. (24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)Jack is studying ________ history in ________, where he also learned to make traditional ________. A.China; China; Chinese B.China; Chinese; china C.Chinese; China; china D.Chinese; Chinese; China 2. (24-25七年级下·吉林长春·期中)Students could ________ understand what he was saying because it’s ________ to follow a quick speaker. A.hard, hardly B.hardly, hardly C.hard, hard D.hardly, hard 3. (24-25七年级下·山东青岛·期中)The park is ______ to my school. It’s only ______ walk. A.next; a five-minute B.near; five minutes’ C.next; five minutes D.near; five minutes 4. (24-25七年级下·山东青岛·期中)Lucy was so ______ that she fell ______ in a minute. A.asleep; sleepy B.sleep; asleep C.sleepy; asleep D.asleep; sleep 5. (24-25七年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中)Linda’s ________ of this story is so ________ that I can remember it very clearly. A.describe; forgetful B.describe; unforgettable C.description; unforgettable D.description; forgetful 6. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)This book is ________ than the one I read last week. I can’t put it down! A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.the most interesting 7. (24-25七年级下·上海闵行·期中)That thing teaches me to keep ________. A.silent B.silently C.quietly D.safely 8. (24-25七年级上·江苏宿迁·期中)The students watch an ________ film and they are all ________ in it. A.interesting; exciting B.exciting; interested C.interested; excited D.excited; interested 9. (24-25七年级上·上海静安·期中)It is one of ________ I have ever seen, and I am not interested in it at all. A.the most boring films B.more boring film C.the most boring film D.the more boring films 考点四:情态动词 1. (24-25七年级下·云南昆明·期中)We ________ wear the school uniform on school days. It’s one of the school rules. A.have to B.can’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t 2. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)—Can we bring our phones to class? —No, we can’t. We ___________ keep them in our lockers. A.can B.must C.can’t D.mustn’t 3. (24-25七年级下·北京海淀·期中)Tom can’t hang out with his friends because he ________ do his homework. A.may B.has to C.can D.need 4. (24-25七年级下·西藏拉萨·期中)—________ I use your dictionary? Mine is at home. —Sure. Here you are. A.Must B.Need C.Should D.Could 5. (24-25七年级下·安徽黄山·期中)—Can you go shopping with us this afternoon? —Sorry, I can’t. I ________ look after my baby sister. A.can B.may C.have to D.mustn’t 6. (24-25七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)—________we go to 798 Art Zone to enjoy works of art there? —Sounds like a good idea! I’d love to. A.Must B.May C.Could D.Shall 7. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)—Must I return the book to the library within two weeks? —No, you ________. You can keep it for one month. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 8. (24-25七年级下·江西萍乡·期中)—Must he ________ at school now? —No, he ________. A.get; needn’t B.arrive; mustn’t C.get; can’t D.arrive; doesn’t have to 9. (24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)You’d better _________ to others in class. A.not talk B.don’t talk C.not to talk D.to not talk 10. (24-25七年级下·江西上饶·期中)—________ I come back before five o’clock? —No, you ________. But you can’t be back later than seven o’clock. A.Must; needn’t B.May; mustn’t C.Can; needn’t D.Can; mustn’t 11. (24-25七年级下·江西景德镇·期中)It is half past seven. You ________ go to school, or you’ll be late. A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t 中考真题 1. (2025·四川达州·中考真题)—Who left a notebook in the English club? —It’s not ________. Maybe it’s ________. A.me, Jack’s B.mine, Jack’s C.mine, Jack 2. (2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A.Monday B.Friday C.Sunday 3. (2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes 4. (2025·云南·中考真题)—Is this Li Mei’s volleyball? —Yes, it’s ________. Look, there is “LM” on it. A.she B.her C.hers D.herself 5. (2025·四川遂宁·中考真题)—At Chengdu Research Base, the panda, Huahua, is very popular and people stand in a long line to see her. —She is so lovely that ________ could say no to her. A.everybody B.anybody C.somebody D.nobody 6. (2025·四川达州·中考真题)—If ________ people drive cars, there will be ________ air pollution. —I think so. I hope our environment will be better and better. A.fewer; less B.less; fewer C.more; less 7. (2025·云南·中考真题)Journey to the West is one of ________ classic novels in China. People like reading it. A.famous B.more famous C.the more famous D.the most famous 8. (2024·江苏南京·中考真题)It is said that smart technology is making people ________ than before and doing them harm. A.lazy B.lazier C.laziest D.the laziest 9. (2025·江苏连云港·中考真题)From April 8, pet owners in China ________ bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains. A.must B.should C.can D.need 10. (2025·四川遂宁·中考真题)—I have no time to buy things in the supermarket. —Don’t worry. You can shop online instead. That way, you ________ waste a lot of time going from shop to shop. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 11 / 12 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$新八年级衔接讲义 专题J802 名词、代词、形容词和情态动词 暑假自习提升(人教版2024) 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图,把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合,梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点,提升能力 真题演练 感受真题,全面突破 考点一:名词 (一)分类  可数名词:有单复数形式,可直接用数词 / 不定冠词修饰,如 “book - books”“a book” 。例:“apple”(苹果)、“desk”(书桌),复数变化有规律与特殊情况。  不可数名词:无复数,需用量词搭配表数量,如 “a glass of water” 。例:“milk”(牛奶)、“bread”(面包),多为抽象 / 物质名词 。 (二)复数变化  规则变化: o 一般加 “s”,如 “dog - dogs” ; o 以 “s/x/ch/sh” 结尾加 “es”,如 “box - boxes” ; o 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾,变 “y” 为 “i” 加 “es”,如 “city - cities” ; o 以 “o” 结尾,有生命加 “es”(如 “tomato - tomatoes” ),无生命加 “s”(如 “photo - photos” ) 。  不规则变化: o 单复同形,如 “sheep - sheep” ; o 变元音字母,如 “man - men” ; o 特殊形式,如 “child - children” 。 (三)所有格  ’s 所有格:用于有生命事物,名词后加 “’s” 。例:“Tom’s book” ;共同拥有在最后一词加 “’s”(如 “Tom and Jerry’s room” ),各自拥有则每个名词加 “’s”(如 “Tom’s and Jerry’s books” ) 。  of 所有格:用于无生命事物,“of + 名词” 表所属,如 “a photo of the family”“the legs of the table” 。 (四)点对点练习题(5小题 ) 1. After the long - term drought, the villagers are eager for _______ to irrigate the dry fields. A. many rains B. a lot of rain C. much rains D. a few rain 答案:B 解析:“rain” 作 “雨水” 讲时是不可数名词,无复数形式。A 选项 “many rains” 、C 选项 “much rains” 错误;D 选项 “a few” 修饰可数名词复数,不能修饰 “rain” ;“a lot of” 可修饰不可数名词,所以选 B,意为 “大量雨水” 。 2. In our school library, there are different kinds of _______, including storybooks and science fictions. A. dictionary B. dictionarys C. dictionaries D. dictionaryes 答案:C 解析:“dictionary”(字典)是以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的可数名词,复数变化是变 “y” 为 “i” 加 “es” ,即 “dictionaries” ,所以选 C 。 3. The new hospital is a project of _______ and it will benefit the whole community. A. the city B. the city’s C. the cities’ D. city’s 答案:B 解析:这里表示 “城市的(项目)” ,用 “’s” 所有格,“city” 是单数,所以是 “the city’s” ;A 选项不是所有格形式;C 选项 “cities’” 是复数所有格,不符合;D 选项缺少定冠词 “the” ,所以选 B 。 4. Look at those _______ on the grass. They look like white clouds. A. sheep B. sheeps C. cow D. cows 答案:A 解析:根据 “those”(那些)可知要用复数,“sheep” 单复数同形;“cow”(奶牛)复数是 “cows” ,但结合 “look like white clouds”(看起来像白云) ,更符合的是 “sheep”(绵羊) ,所以选 A 。 5. —Whose are these _______ in the classroom? —They might be the _______ from Grade 8. A. photo; student B. photos; students’ C. photoes; students D. photos; students 答案:B 解析:第一空 “these” 后接可数名词复数,“photo” 复数是 “photos” ;第二空表示 “八年级学生的(照片)” ,用名词所有格 “students’” ,所以选 B 。 考点二:代词 (一)分类  人称代词: 人称 主格 宾格 第一人称单数 I(我) me(我) 第一人称复数 we(我们) us(我们) 第二人称单 / 复数 you(你 / 你们) you(你 / 你们) 第三人称男性单数 he(他) him(他) 第三人称女性单数 she(她) her(她) 第三人称复数 they(他们 / 她们 / 它们) them(他们 / 她们 / 它们) 第三人称中性单数 it(它) it(它) o 主格(I/we/you/he/she/they/it):作主语,表动作执行者,如 “I am a student.” 。 o 宾格(me/us/you/him/her/them/it):作宾语,表动作承受者,如 “Please help me.” 。  物主代词: 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 第一人称单数 my(我的) mine(我的) 第一人称复数 our(我们的) ours(我们的) 第二人称单 / 复数 your(你的 / 你们的) yours(你的 / 你们的) 第三人称男性单数 his(他的) his(他的) 第三人称女性单数 her(她的) hers(她的) 第三人称复数 their(他们的 / 她们的 / 它们的) theirs(他们的 / 她们的 / 它们的) 第三人称中性单数 its(它的) its(它的) o 形容词性(my/our/your/his/her/their/its):后接名词,修饰名词表所属,如 “my book” 。 o 名词性(mine/ours/yours/his/hers/theirs/its):相当于 “形物代 + 名词”,可独立使用,如 “The book is mine.” 。 (二)用法  人称代词排列:单数 “二三一”(you, he, I ),如 “You, he and I are good friends.” ;复数 “一二三”(we, you, they ),如 “We, you and they will go to the park.” 。  物主代词:形物代后接名词;名物代独立用,避免重复,如 “This pen is his. Yours is over there.” 。 (三)特殊形式  反身代词:如 “myself/ourselves” 等,可作宾语(如 “She hurt herself.” )、表语(如 “I am not myself today.” )、同位语(如 “I (四)点对点练习题(5小题 ) 1. —Mom, could you buy _______ a new backpack? This one is too old. —Sure, dear. But you need to choose it by _______. A. me; yourself B. I; yourself C. my; you D. mine; you 答案:A 解析:第一空作动词 “buy” 的宾语,用人称代词宾格 “me” ;第二空 “by oneself” 是固定短语,意为 “独自” ,这里是 “你自己” ,用 “yourself” ,所以选 A 。 2. The twins’ hobbies are different. One likes reading novels, and _______ prefers painting. A. another B. the other C. other D. others 答案:B 解析:“one...the other...” 是固定搭配,用于两者之间,意为 “一个…… 另一个……” ;A 选项 “another”(三者及以上另一个);C 选项 “other”(其他的,后接名词);D 选项 “others”(其他的人或物,相当于 “other + 名词复数” ),这里指双胞胎两人,所以选 B 。 3. —Is this pink umbrella _______, Lucy? —No, it isn’t. _______ is purple. Maybe it belongs to Lily. A. your; Mine B. yours; My C. yours; Mine D. your; My 答案:C 解析:第一空后无名词,用名词性物主代词 “yours” ,相当于 “your umbrella” ;第二空后无名词,用名词性物主代词 “mine” ,相当于 “my umbrella” ,所以选 C 。 4. In the science competition, _______ and _______ classmates won the first prize together. A. he; his B. him; his C. he; him D. his; he 答案:A 解析:第一空作主语,用人称代词主格 “he” ;第二空修饰 “classmates” ,用形容词性物主代词 “his” ,所以选 A ,意为 “他和他的同学” 。 5. —Who taught _______ English last term? Was it Mr. Smith? —No, Miss White did. But I learned a lot by _______. A. your; me B. your; myself C. you; me D. you; myself 答案:D 解析:第一空作动词 “taught” 的宾语,用人称代词宾格 “you” ;第二空 “by oneself” 是固定短语,意为 “独自” ,这里是 “我自己” ,用 “myself” ,所以选 DA 。 考点三:形容词 (一)用法  作定语:放名词前,修饰名词;修饰不定代词时放其后,如 “a beautiful girl”“something interesting” 。  作表语:放系动词(be/look/sound 等)后,说明主语性质、状态,如 “The music sounds good.” 。 (二)位置  修饰不定代词:置于不定代词后,如 “nothing important” 。  多个形容词:遵循 “限定词 + 描绘词 + 大小 / 形状 + 颜色 + 材料 + 名词” 顺序,如 “a beautiful small round red wooden table” 。 (三)特殊形容词  只能作表语:如 “afraid”“asleep” 等,不可作定语,如 “He is afraid of dogs.” 。  形似副词:如 “lonely”(形,可作定 / 表)、“friendly”(形)等,注意与副词区分,如 “a friendly person” 。 (四)点对点练习题(5小题 ) 1. After a _______ discussion, the students finally came up with a perfect plan for the school trip. A. two - hour B. two - hours C. two hours D. two hour’s 答案:A 解析:“two - hour” 是复合形容词,作定语修饰 “discussion” ,其中名词 “hour” 用单数形式,且用连字符连接;B 选项 “two - hours” 错误;C 选项 “two hours” 不能直接作定语;D 选项 “two hour’s” 是所有格形式,不符合,所以选 A ,意为 “一场两小时的讨论” 。 2. —How do you like the movie? —It’s really _______. The story is so moving that it made me cry twice. A. bored B. boring C. touched D. touching 答案:D 解析:A 选项 “bored”(感到无聊的,主语是人);B 选项 “boring”(令人无聊的,主语是物);C 选项 “touched”(感动的,主语是人);D 选项 “touching”(令人感动的,主语是物) 。这里主语是 “movie” ,且根据 “story is so moving” ,可知用 “touching” ,所以选 D 。 3. Among all the cities in China, Lijiang is one of the _______ places I have ever visited. It’s full of ancient charm. A. more beautiful B. most beautiful C. beautifuler D. beautifulest 答案:B 解析:“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 是固定结构,意为 “…… 中最…… 之一” ;“beautiful” 的最高级是 “most beautiful” ,所以选 B 。 4. There is _______ in today’s newspaper. Most of the news is about the upcoming sports meeting. A. new something B. something new C. new anything D. anything new 答案:B 解析:形容词修饰不定代词要后置,肯定句中用 “something” ,否定句和疑问句中用 “anything” ;这里是肯定句,所以是 “something new” ,选 B ,意为 “一些新内容” 。 5. The old man lives in a _______ house in the countryside, but he never feels _______ because he has many hobbies. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely 答案:A 解析:“alone”(独自的,强调客观上独自一人,可作表语、定语等 );“lonely”(孤独的,强调主观感受,可作表语、定语 ) 。第一空修饰 “house” ,用 “alone” ,意为 “一所独栋的房子” ;第二空作表语,用 “lonely” ,意为 “感到孤独” ,所以选 A 。 考点四:情态动词 (一)特点 无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,表达语气、情感、态度,常见有 “can/must/have to” 等 。 (二)用法  can:表能力(如 “I can swim.” )、请求(如 “Can I use your pen?” )、否定推测(如 “It can’t be true.” ) 。  must:表必须(如 “You must study hard.” )、禁止(如 “You mustn’t smoke here.” )、肯定推测(如 “He must be at home.” ) 。  have to:表客观必须,有人称和时态变化(如 “He has to work late.”“They had to stay at home.” ) 。 (三)句式  肯定句:主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 ,如 “She can dance.” 。  否定句:“can’t”“mustn’t”(表禁止)/“needn’t”(表不必,对应 must )、“don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to”(对应 have to ) 。  疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形(can/must );助动词 + 主语 + have to + 动词原形(have to ) 。 (四)点对点练习题(5小题 ) 1. —_______ you _______ the piano at the school talent show next week? —Yes, I plan to play a piece by Mozart. A. Can; play B. Must; play C. Will; play D. Can; to play 答案:C 解析:根据 “next week”(下周)可知是一般将来时,一般将来时的一般疑问句结构是 “Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?” ;A 选项 “Can” 表能力,这里强调将来动作;B 选项 “Must”(必须)不符合语境;D 选项 “Can” 后接动词原形,“to play” 错误,所以选 C 。 2. —I’m sorry I’m late. _______ I come in? —Sure, but please be on time next time. A. Must B. Should C. Can D. Need 答案:C 解析:这里是请求进入,用 “Can” ,意为 “我可以进来吗?” ;A 选项 “Must”(必须);B 选项 “Should”(应该);D 选项 “Need”(需要),都不符合请求语境,所以选 C 。 3. You _______ worry about your son. He _______ take good care of himself during the school trip. A. mustn’t; can B. can’t; must C. shouldn’t; must D. needn’t; can 答案:D 解析:第一空 “needn’t”(不必),意为 “你不必担心你儿子” ;第二空 “can”(能够),意为 “他在学校旅行中能够照顾好自己” ;A 选项 “mustn’t”(禁止);B 选项 “can’t”(不能)、“must”(必须)不符合;C 选项 “shouldn’t”(不应该)、“must”(必须)不符合,所以选D 。 4. —_______ we clean the classroom right now? —No, you _______. You can do it after the school meeting. A. Must; mustn’t B. Must; needn’t C. Can; can’t D. May; needn’t 答案:B 解析:“Must we...?” 的否定回答用 “needn’t” 或 “don’t have to” ,意为 “不必” ;A 选项 “mustn’t”(禁止);C 选项 “Can” 引导的疑问句,否定回答 “can’t” ,但不符合语境;D 选项 “May”(可以)引导的疑问句,否定回答 “can’t” 或 “mustn’t” ,不符合,所以选 B 。 5. Because of the heavy snow, the students _______ stay at home and have online classes yesterday. A. have to B. must C. had to D. musted 答案:C 解析:“yesterday”(昨天)是一般过去时,“have to” 的过去式是 “had to” ,表客观必须;“must” 无过去式(过去式常用 “had to” ,本身 “must” 可用于过去语境,但这里更强调客观 );D 选项 “musted” 错误,所以选 C 。 一、名词 难点 1:复数规则与不规则变化的混淆  要点 1:以 “o” 结尾的名词复数易误判,如误将无生命的 “photo” 加 “es”,需牢记 “有生命加 es,无生命加 s”(如 potato→potatoes,piano→pianos)。  要点 2:不规则复数需特殊记忆,如 “child→children”“mouse→mice”,避免按规则变化误写。  要点 3:复合名词复数形式易出错,如 “man teacher→men teachers” 需前后都变复数,而 “apple tree→apple trees” 仅核心词变复数。 难点 2:不可数名词的量化表达  要点 1:误将不可数名词直接加复数,如 “breads”“milks”,需用量词搭配(a piece of bread,two glasses of milk)。  要点 2:抽象不可数名词如 “progress”“information” 无法用数词修饰,需通过 “a lot of”“much” 等表达数量。 二、代词 难点 1:物主代词的混用  要点 1:形容词性物主代词后必须接名词(如 my book),名词性物主代词独立使用(如 The book is mine),避免 “my is red” 类错误。  要点 2:双重所有格结构(a friend of mine)易写成 “a friend of me”,需注意 “of + 名词性物主代词” 的固定搭配。 难点 2:反身代词与人称代词的误用  要点 1:反身代词(如 myself)表示 “自己”,需与主语一致,避免 “himself” 对应主语 “she” 的错误。  要点 2:“by oneself”(独自)与 “for oneself”(为自己)易混淆,需根据语境区分(如 She did it by herself.)。 三、形容词 难点 1:形容词作定语的位置错误  要点 1:修饰不定代词时需后置(如 something interesting),避免 “interesting something” 的语序错误。  要点 2:多个形容词排序混乱,需按 “限定词 + 描绘词 + 颜色 + 材料” 顺序(如 a beautiful red wooden table)。 难点 2:表语形容词与定语形容词的区分  要点 1:“afraid”“asleep” 等只能作表语(如 He is afraid),不能作定语修饰名词。  要点 2:形似副词的形容词(如 lonely、friendly)易误作副词使用,需注意 “a lonely man” 中 “lonely” 为形容词。 四、情态动词 难点 1:must 与 have to 的辨析  要点 1:must 表主观必须(We must study hard),have to 表客观被迫(He has to stay home due to rain),时态上 have to 有 has/had 形式。  要点 2:must 的否定回答用 needn’t(不必),而非 mustn’t(禁止),如 “Must I go?” “No, you needn’t.” 难点 2:情态动词表推测的逻辑判断  要点 1:肯定推测用 must be(一定是),否定推测用 can’t be(不可能是),避免 “can be” 表肯定推测的错误。  要点 2:“may/might be” 表 “可能是”,语气弱于 must,需根据证据强度选择(如 The light is on. He must be at home.)。 考点一:名词 1. (24-25七年级下·四川雅安·期中)Look! There is a rabbit, two _______ and two _______ in the picture. A.sheep; mouse B.wolf; sheep C.foxes; wolves D.wolf; mice 【答案】C 【详解】句意:看!画里有一只兔子,两只狐狸和两只狼。 考查名词辨析。sheep羊,单复数同形;mouse老鼠,名词单数;wolf狼,名词单数;foxes狐狸,名词复数;wolves狼,名词复数;mice老鼠,名词复数。根据“two ... and two ... in the picture.”可知,空处需要用名词复数,选项C符合。故选C。 2. (24-25七年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中)—Are there any ________ between the twins? —Yes. They have ________ eating habits and see things ________. A.different; differently; differences B.differences; different; different C.different; differences; differently D.differences; different; differently 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——在双胞胎之间有不同吗?——是的,他们有不同的饮食习惯,并且看待事情的角度也不同。 考查名词,形容词,副词的用法。different形容词,不同的;differences名词复数形式,不同;differently副词,不同地。第一空为there be句型的一般疑问句,are是系动词,此空用名词作主语,difference可数名词,用复数形式differences;第二空修饰名词habits,用形容词different作定语;第三空修饰动词see,用副词differently。故选D。 3. (24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)The ________ is a famous newspaper in the ________. A.Guardian; UK B.Guardian; uk C.guardian; UK D.guardian; uk 【答案】A 【详解】句意:《卫报》是英国一份著名的报纸。 考查专有名词。Guardian《卫报》,首字母要大写,是报纸的名称,为专有名词,排除C、D选项;UK是United Kingdom的缩写,意为“英国”,是一个国家的名称,其首字母要大写,排除B选项。故选A。 4. (24-25七年级下·广东·期中)In many countries, ________ is on the fourth Thursday in ________. A.thanksgiving day; november B.Thanksgiving day; november C.thanksgiving day; November D.Thanksgiving Day; November 【答案】D 【详解】句意:在许多国家,感恩节在十一月的第四个星期四。 考查专有名词。Thanksgiving Day“感恩节”,节日名称,专有名词,首字母要大写;November“十一月”,月份名称,专有名词,首字母也要大写。故选D。 5. (24-25七年级下·安徽安庆·期中)The ________ dentists are helping people with their ________ problems. A.man; tooth B.man; teeth C.men; tooth D.men; teeth 【答案】C 【详解】句意:牙科医生正在帮助人们解决牙齿问题。 考查名词的数。当“man”或“woman”修饰复数名词时,本身需变为复数形式,因此第一空填men;第二空“problems”指人们的牙齿问题,用单数tooth修饰problem。故选C。 6. (24-25七年级下·江苏泰州·期中)The shop near my home sells ________ clothes at a very good price. A.child and woman’s B.children’s and women’s C.children and women’s D.children’s and women 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我家附近的商店以很优惠的价格出售儿童和女士的衣服。 考查名词所有格。child and woman’s错误表达,此形式表示child和woman共有一件衣服,不符合语境;children’s and women’s表示儿童和女士各自的,即商店既卖儿童的衣服也卖女士的衣服;children and women’s错误表达,此形式表示children和women共有一件衣服,不符合语境;children’s and women错误表达,women是名词复数,其所有格形式应为women’s。根据语境可知,此处是在描述商店既卖儿童的衣服也卖女士的衣服,所以应该用children’s and women’s。故选B。 7. (24-25七年级下·江苏苏州·期中)— Is this a photo of ________ ? —Yes. He is reading. It is really a good habit of ________ to read books before going to bed. A.your cousin’s; him B.your cousin; him C.your cousin’s; his D.your cousin; his 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——这是你表兄的一张照片吗?——对。他正在读书。睡前读书确实是他的一个好习惯。 考查所有格和代词辨析。your cousin’s你表兄的;your cousin你表兄;him他;his他的。根据“Is this a photo of...”可知,此处用所有格,你表兄的一张照片;根据“It is really a good habit of...”可知,空处填his,即睡前读书是他的一个好习惯,故选C。 8. (24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)We will visit ________ in Paris during ________. A.Louvre Museum, Spring festival B.the Louvre Museum, spring festival C.Louvre museum, the Spring Festival D.the Louvre Museum, the Spring Festival 【答案】D 【详解】句意:春节期间,我们会去参观卢浮宫。 考查地名和节日名。卢浮宫是地名,专有名词,用the Louvre Museum表示,春节是节日名,也是专有名词,用the Spring Festival表示。故选D。 9. (24-25七年级下·江苏镇江·期中)—I sit between Jim and Mary. —That’s to say, your seat is between ________. A.Jim and Mary B.Jim’s and Mary C.Jim’s and Mary’s D.Jim and Mary’s 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我坐在Jim和Mary之间。——也就是说,你的座位在Jim和Mary的座位之间。 考查名词所有格。根据“I sit between Jim and Mary.”和“your seat is between...”可知,此处指你的座位在“Jim的座位”和“Mary的座位”之间,因此需要用名词所有格形式(Jim’s and Mary’s)表示两人各自的座位。故选C。 10. (24-25七年级下·江西景德镇·期中)These toys aren’t ________. They belong to ________ next door. A.our; Carla B.ours; Carla C.ours’; Carla’s D.ours; Carla’s 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这些玩具不是我们的。它们属于隔壁的卡拉。 考查代词的用法。our我们的,形容词性物主代词;ours我们的,名词词性物主代词;ours’表达错误。根据“These toys aren’t…”可知,此空后无名词,需用名词性物主代词ours表示 “我们的(玩具)”;belong to sb表示 “属于某人”,to是介词,后面接表示人或物的名词或代词宾格,故选B。 考点二:代词 1. (24-25七年级下·云南昆明·期中)—What would you like to eat, Kate? —I’d like to eat some ________ and ________. A.beef; salad B.fishes; carrots C.dumpling; tofu D.mutton; bean 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——凯特,你想吃什么?——我想吃一些牛肉和沙拉。 考查名词的数。beef牛肉,不可数名词;salad沙拉,不可数名词,表泛指;fishes多种鱼类,非鱼肉;carrots胡萝卜,可数名词复数;dumpling饺子,可数名词单数;tofu豆腐,不可数名词;mutton羊肉,不可数名词;bean豆子,可数名词单数。根据“some”可知,两个空处可以填可数名词复数或不可数名词。排除C、D选项。根据“What would you like to eat, Kate”可知,可以吃牛肉和沙拉。故选A。 2. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)—Did you invite David and Tom to go swimming? —Yes, I did. But ________ of them agreed. They said they had to study for the exam. A.either B.neither C.none D.both 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你邀请David和Tom去游泳了吗?——是的,邀请了。但他们俩都没同意,说要备考。 考查不定代词辨析。either两者中任一;neither两者都不;none三者及以上都不;both两者都。根据“They said they had to study”可知两人都未同意,且题干指两人(David和Tom)。故选B。 3. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)I have two pets and ______ of them are very cute. A.both B.either C.all D.none 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我有两只宠物,它们都非常可爱。 考查代词辨析。both两者都;either两者中的任何一个;all三者或三者以上都;none三者或三者以上都不。根据“I have two pets and...of them are very cute.”可知,此处表示两只宠物都很可爱,故选A。 4. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)I usually have ___________ bread and milk for breakfast. A.a B.the C.some D.any 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我早餐通常吃一些面包和牛奶。 考查限定词辨析。a不定冠词,用于修饰可数名词单数;the定冠词,表特指某类事物;some一些,常用于肯定句中,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词;any一些/任何,常用于否定句或疑问句中,修饰可数或不可数名词。根据“bread and milk”及肯定句语境可知,some符合语境。故选C。 5. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)Peter likes to play badminton and I think this badminton racket is ___________. A.yours B.mine C.hers D.his 【答案】D 【详解】句意:彼得喜欢打羽毛球,并且我认为这副羽毛球拍是他的。   考查物主代词辨析。yours你的/你们的,名词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;his他的,名词性/形容词性物主代词。根据“Peter likes to play badminton and I think this badminton racket is...”可知,他喜欢打羽毛球,因此认为这个羽毛球拍是 Peter 的,所以用名词性物主代词his,指代“Peter的羽毛球拍”,故选D。 6. (24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)They made the gifts ________ to make the celebration more special. A.themselves B.themself C.them D.their 【答案】A 【详解】句意:他们自己制作礼物,以使庆祝活动更加特别。 考查代词辨析。themselves他们自己,反身代词;themself形式错误,反身代词“他们自己”的正确形式是themselves;them他们,人称代词宾格;their他们的,形容词性物主代词。根据句子结构可知,该空在句中作状语,结合句意“他们自己制作礼物”可知,这里表示“他们自己”,应用反身代词。故选A。 7. (24-25七年级下·吉林长春·期中)Peter never feels bored, as he has many hobbies and can always find ________ to do every day. A.something interesting B.nothing interesting C.interesting something D.interesting anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意:Peter从不感到无聊,因为他有很多爱好,每天总能找到有趣的事情做。 考查不定代词与形容词的搭配。根据英语语法规则,形容词修饰不定代词 (如something/anything/nothing) 时需后置,排除C和D;根据“Peter never feels bored, as he has many hobbies and can always find”可知,此处指“总能找到事情做”,排除B。故选A。 8. (24-25七年级下·吉林长春·期中)—Mom, I find ________ hard to learn physics well. —Don’t lose heart. ________, it’s a new subject for you. Work hard and you are sure to make progress. A.it’s; At all B.it; After all C.its; In all D.it; Of all 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——妈妈,我发现学好物理很难。——不要失去信心。毕竟,对你来说是一门新学科。努力学习,你一定会取得进步的。 考查代词和介词短语辨析。it’s它是,it is缩写;it它,主格或宾格;its它的,物主代词;At all根本;After all毕竟;In all总共;Of all在所有中。第一空作宾语,应填it作形式宾语;根据“Don’t lose heart…it’s a new subject for you.”可知,此处解释为什么不要灰心,所以要用After all“毕竟”。故选B。 9. (24-25七年级下·云南昆明·期中)—Is this blue T-shirt ________? —No. ________ is black. A.yours; My B.yours; Mine C.your; Mine D.your; My 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——这件蓝色T恤是你的吗?——不,我的是黑色的。 考查代词辨析。yours你的,名词性物主代词;My我的,形容词性物主代词;Mine我的,名词性物主代词;your你的,形容词性物主代词。第一个空后无名词,用名词性物主代词yours;第二个空后无名词,用名词性物主代词Mine。故选B。 10. (24-25七年级下·四川雅安·期中)—Are these mobile phones the twin brothers’? —No, they don’t belong to _______. They are _______. A.them; ours B.theirs; our C.them; our D.theirs; ours 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——这些手机是双胞胎兄弟的吗?——不,它们不属于他们。它们是我们的。 考查代词辨析。them他们,宾格;ours我们的,名词性物主代词;theirs他们的,名词性物主代词;our我们的,形容词性物主代词。belong to中的to是介词,后跟人称代词宾格;第二空的后面没有名词,用名词性物主代词。故选A。 考点三:形容词 1. (24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)Jack is studying ________ history in ________, where he also learned to make traditional ________. A.China; China; Chinese B.China; Chinese; china C.Chinese; China; china D.Chinese; Chinese; China 【答案】C 【详解】句意:杰克在中国学习中国历史,在那里他还学会了制作传统瓷器。 考查词义辨析。China中国;china瓷器;Chinese中国的,中国人,汉语。第一空表示“中国历史”,用形容词Chinese“中国的”修饰名词history;第二空表示“在中国”,用专有名词China“中国”;第三空形容词traditional“传统的”,修饰的应是名词china“瓷器”。故选C。 2. (24-25七年级下·吉林长春·期中)Students could ________ understand what he was saying because it’s ________ to follow a quick speaker. A.hard, hardly B.hardly, hardly C.hard, hard D.hardly, hard 【答案】D 【详解】句意:学生们几乎听不懂他在说什么,因为很难跟上一个说话很快的人。 考查形容词和副词用法。hardly几乎不,表否定,副词;hard努力地,副词/困难的,形容词。第一空根据“could ... understand”可知,此处需用否定含义的副词,修饰动词understand,表示“几乎听不懂”,排除A、C;第二空根据“it’s ... to follow”可知,需用形容词作表语描述“困难的”,排除B。故选D。 3. (24-25七年级下·山东青岛·期中)The park is ______ to my school. It’s only ______ walk. A.next; a five-minute B.near; five minutes’ C.next; five minutes D.near; five minutes 【答案】A 【详解】句意:公园在我的学校旁边。步行只需五分钟。 考查介词辨析和复合形容词。next紧靠……的旁边;near在……附近。next to“紧邻”,指公园在我的学校旁边,排除BD;第二个空用带连字符的five-minute作定语,指步行只需五分钟,需要用不定冠词a修饰,表示“一段时长为五分钟的步行路程”。故选A。 4. (24-25七年级下·山东青岛·期中)Lucy was so ______ that she fell ______ in a minute. A.asleep; sleepy B.sleep; asleep C.sleepy; asleep D.asleep; sleep 【答案】C 【详解】句意:露西很困,不一会儿就睡着了。 考查词汇辨析。asleep睡着的;sleepy困倦的;sleep睡觉。根据“Lucy was so”可知,露西感到很困,用形容词sleepy作表语;根据“she fell ... in a minute”可知,她不一会就睡着了,fall asleep“入睡”,固定短语。故选C。 5. (24-25七年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中)Linda’s ________ of this story is so ________ that I can remember it very clearly. A.describe; forgetful B.describe; unforgettable C.description; unforgettable D.description; forgetful 【答案】C 【详解】句意:琳达对这个故事的描述如此令人难忘,以至于我能清晰地记住它。 考查词性辨析与词义理解。describe动词,描述;description名词,描述;forgetful健忘的;unforgettable令人难忘的。根据“Linda’s ... of this story is so ...that I can remember it very clearly .”可知,第一空前为所有格“Linda’s”,后接名词;第二空处需填形容词,unforgettable”意为“令人难忘的”,符合描述令人难忘的。故选C。 6. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)This book is ________ than the one I read last week. I can’t put it down! A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.the most interesting 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这本书比我上周读的那本更有趣。我简直爱不释手! 考查形容词比较级。interesting有趣的,是形容词原级;more interesting较有趣的,为比较级形式;most interesting这种表达缺少定冠词“the”,是错误的;the most interesting最有趣的,为最高级形式。根据“than”可知,此处应为比较级。故选B。 7. (24-25七年级下·上海闵行·期中)That thing teaches me to keep ________. A.silent B.silently C.quietly D.safely 【答案】A 【详解】句意:那件事教会了我保持沉默。 考查词义辨析。silent沉默的;silently默默地;quietly安静地;safely安全地。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词silent,作表语。故选A。 8. (24-25七年级上·江苏宿迁·期中)The students watch an ________ film and they are all ________ in it. A.interesting; exciting B.exciting; interested C.interested; excited D.excited; interested 【答案】B 【详解】句意:学生们观看了一部令人兴奋的电影,他们都对此感兴趣。 考查形容词辨析。interesting有趣的,修饰物;exciting令人兴奋的,修饰物;excited激动的,修饰人;interested感兴趣的,修饰人。第一空修饰film用exciting;第二空修饰人用interested。故选B。 9. (24-25七年级上·上海静安·期中)It is one of ________ I have ever seen, and I am not interested in it at all. A.the most boring films B.more boring film C.the most boring film D.the more boring films 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这是我看过的最无聊的电影之一,我对它一点也不感兴趣。 考查形容词的最高级及名词。the most boring最无聊的;more boring更无聊的。根据“I have ever seen”可知,此处将这部电影和我看过的所有电影对比,应该用最高级,根据“one of”可知,后加复数名词表示范围。故选A。 考点四:情态动词 1. (24-25七年级下·云南昆明·期中)We ________ wear the school uniform on school days. It’s one of the school rules. A.have to B.can’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们在上学日必须穿校服。这是校规之一。 考查情态动词。have to不得不;can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该。根据下文“It’s one of the school rules.”可知,此处是指穿校服是校规之一,是学生应尽的客观义务,应用“have to”。故选A。 2. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)—Can we bring our phones to class? —No, we can’t. We ___________ keep them in our lockers. A.can B.must C.can’t D.mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我们能把手机带到课堂上吗?——不,不能。我们必须把它们放在储物柜里。    考查情态动词辨析。can能、可以,表示能力或允许;must必须;can’t不能;mustn’t禁止、不允许。根据“we can’t”以及“keep them in our lockers”可知,我们必须把它们放在储物柜里。must符合句意。故选B。 3. (24-25七年级下·北京海淀·期中)Tom can’t hang out with his friends because he ________ do his homework. A.may B.has to C.can D.need 【答案】B 【详解】句意:Tom不能和朋友出去玩,因为他必须做作业。 考查情态动词。may可能;has to不得不;can能够;need需要。根据“Tom can’t hang out with his friends”可知,是他必须要做作业。故选B。 4. (24-25七年级下·西藏拉萨·期中)—________ I use your dictionary? Mine is at home. —Sure. Here you are. A.Must B.Need C.Should D.Could 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我可以用你的字典吗?我的在家呢。——当然可以。给你。 考查情态动词辨析。Must必须,一定;Need需要,必要;Should应该,应当;Could能,可以。根据“Sure. Here you are.”可知,此处是同意请求,问句需用委婉语气询问, Could用于礼貌请求。故选D。 5. (24-25七年级下·安徽黄山·期中)—Can you go shopping with us this afternoon? —Sorry, I can’t. I ________ look after my baby sister. A.can B.may C.have to D.mustn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你今天下午能和我们一起去购物吗?——对不起,我不能。我必须照顾我的小妹妹。 考查情态动词have to。can可以;may也许,表示猜测;have to不得不,必须;mustn’t不得,表示禁止。根据“I can’t. I...look after my baby sister.”可知,因为必须要照顾妹妹,所以不能一起去购物。故选C。 6. (24-25七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)—________we go to 798 Art Zone to enjoy works of art there? —Sounds like a good idea! I’d love to. A.Must B.May C.Could D.Shall 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我们将要去798艺术区欣赏那里的艺术作品好吗?——听起来是个好主意!我很乐意去。 考查情态动词。Must必须;May可能;Could能够;Shall将要。根据“...we go to 798 Art Zone to enjoy works of art there?”可知,此处是在询问是否要去798艺术区,shall“将要”表示询问,符合句意,故选D。 7. (24-25七年级下·北京·期中)—Must I return the book to the library within two weeks? —No, you ________. You can keep it for one month. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我必须在两周内把书还给图书馆吗?——不,你不需要。你可以保留一个月。 考查动词辨析。needn’t不需要;mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。must提问的疑问句的否定回答用“needn’t/don’t have to/doesn’t have to”。故选A。 8. (24-25七年级下·江西萍乡·期中)—Must he ________ at school now? —No, he ________. A.get; needn’t B.arrive; mustn’t C.get; can’t D.arrive; doesn’t have to 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——他必须现在到校吗?——不,他不必要。 考查动词辨析和情态动词。get到达,后加to;arrive到达,后加介词in或at;needn’t不必要;mustn’t不准、禁止;can’t不能;doesn’t have to不必要。arrive at school或get to school表示“到校”;“Must sb do sth”的否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to,表示“不必要”。故选D。 9. (24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)You’d better _________ to others in class. A.not talk B.don’t talk C.not to talk D.to not talk 【答案】A 【详解】句意:你最好在课堂上不要和别人说话。 考查had better的用法。根据“You’d better”可知,此处you’d是you had的缩写,此处是had better not do的结构,表示建议或劝告,故选A。 10. (24-25七年级下·江西上饶·期中)—________ I come back before five o’clock? —No, you ________. But you can’t be back later than seven o’clock. A.Must; needn’t B.May; mustn’t C.Can; needn’t D.Can; mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我必须在五点之前回来吗? ——不,你不必。但你不能迟于七点回来。 考查情态动词。根据答语“But you can’t be back later than seven o’clock.”可知,此处说的是不必在5点之前回来,因此用needn’t或don’t have to,而对于此回答,要用must进行提问。故选A。 11. (24-25七年级下·江西景德镇·期中)It is half past seven. You ________ go to school, or you’ll be late. A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意:现在是七点半。你必须去上学,否则你会迟到的。 考查情态动词。can能够;can’t不能;must必须;mustn’t禁止。根据“It is half past seven.”及“or you’ll be late”可知,此处指到了上学的时间,必须去上学,否则会迟到。故选C。 中考真题 1. (2025·四川达州·中考真题)—Who left a notebook in the English club? —It’s not ________. Maybe it’s ________. A.me, Jack’s B.mine, Jack’s C.mine, Jack 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——谁把笔记本落在英语俱乐部了?——它不是我的,可能是杰克的。 考查代词辨析和名词所有格。me我,人称代词宾格;mine我的,名词性物主代词;Jack’s杰克的;Jack杰克。根据“It’s not”可知,第一空需用名词性物主代词mine作表语,表示“笔记本不是我的”,故排除选项A;根据“Maybe it’s”可知,此处表示“可能是杰克的”,故第二空用“Jack’s”(= Jack’s notebook)表示所属关系。故选B。 2. (2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A.Monday B.Friday C.Sunday 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你最喜欢的工作日是哪一天,Frank?——星期五,因为第二天是星期六。然后我可以休息一下。 考查名词辨析。Monday星期一;Friday星期五;Sunday星期日。根据“because the next day is Saturday.”可知,Frank最喜欢的工作日是星期五。故选B。 3. (2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes 【答案】B 【详解】句意:中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。 考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时,变为复数时,需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数;hero的复数是heroes,因此women heroes符合句意,故选B。 4. (2025·云南·中考真题)—Is this Li Mei’s volleyball? —Yes, it’s ________. Look, there is “LM” on it. A.she B.her C.hers D.herself 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——这是李梅的排球吗?——是的,是她的。看,上面有“LM”。 考查代词辨析。she她;her她;hers她的;herself她自己。由“Look, there is ‘LM’ on it”可知,此处指是李梅的排球,回答中使用名词性物主代词hers表示“她的排球”。故选C。 5. (2025·四川遂宁·中考真题)—At Chengdu Research Base, the panda, Huahua, is very popular and people stand in a long line to see her. —She is so lovely that ________ could say no to her. A.everybody B.anybody C.somebody D.nobody 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——在成都研究基地,熊猫花花非常受欢迎,人们排长队看她。——她太可爱了以至于没有人能拒绝她。 考查不定代词。everybody每个人;anybody任何人;somebody某人;nobody没有人。根据“She is so lovely”可知,熊猫的可爱程度让人无法拒绝,即没有人能拒绝,故选D。 6. (2025·四川达州·中考真题)—If ________ people drive cars, there will be ________ air pollution. —I think so. I hope our environment will be better and better. A.fewer; less B.less; fewer C.more; less 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——如果开车的人更少,空气污染就会更少。 考查形容词比较级。fewer更少,修饰可数名词复数;less更少,修饰不可数名词;more更多。根据“people”可知,其为集体名词,不能用less修饰,故排除选项B;根据“I think so. I hope our environment will be better and better.”可知,希望环境变得越来越好,故应是减少开车的人和空气污染,选项A符合语境。故选A。 7. (2025·云南·中考真题)Journey to the West is one of ________ classic novels in China. People like reading it. A.famous B.more famous C.the more famous D.the most famous 【答案】D 【详解】句意:《西游记》是中国最著名的经典小说之一。人们喜欢读它。 考查形容词最高级。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”,固定句型。故选D。 8. (2024·江苏南京·中考真题)It is said that smart technology is making people ________ than before and doing them harm. A.lazy B.lazier C.laziest D.the laziest 【答案】B 【详解】句意:据说,智能技术正在使人们比以前更懒惰,并对他们造成伤害。 考查比较级。根据“than”可知此处用比较级。故选B。 9. (2025·江苏连云港·中考真题)From April 8, pet owners in China ________ bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains. A.must B.should C.can D.need 【答案】C 【详解】句意:从4月8日起,中国的宠物主人可以带着他们的猫或狗乘坐一些高速列车。 考查情态动词。must必须;should应该;can可以;need需要。根据“bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains.”可知是可以带着他们的猫或狗乘坐一些高速列车。故选C。 10. (2025·四川遂宁·中考真题)—I have no time to buy things in the supermarket. —Don’t worry. You can shop online instead. That way, you ________ waste a lot of time going from shop to shop. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我没有时间去超市买东西。——别担心。你可以改为网上购物。那样,你就不必浪费很多时间从一个商店到另一个商店。 考查情态动词。needn’t“不必”,强调无必要;mustn’t“禁止”,语气强烈;can’t“不能”,指能力或可能性不足;shouldn’t“不应该”,侧重建议或义务。根据“You can shop online instead. That way, you...waste a lot of time going from shop to shop.”中,网上购物可避免奔波,故此处强调“不必”浪费时间,符合逻辑。故选A。 23 / 23 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题 J802 名词、代词、形容词&情态动词-【弯道超车-新八年级】2025年 初中英语七升八年级 暑假自习提升讲义(人教版2024)
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专题 J802 名词、代词、形容词&情态动词-【弯道超车-新八年级】2025年 初中英语七升八年级 暑假自习提升讲义(人教版2024)
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专题 J802 名词、代词、形容词&情态动词-【弯道超车-新八年级】2025年 初中英语七升八年级 暑假自习提升讲义(人教版2024)
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