专题08 Unit 4 The Earth Section 3-4-【小升初】2025年新七年级英语暑期英衔接讲义（沪教版2024）

专题08 Unit 4 The Earth Section 3-4 单词学习 1 chemical /ˈkemɪkəl/ n. 化学制品 2 groundwater /ˈɡraʊnˌdwɑtər/ n. 地下水 3 burn /bɜ:n/ v. 燃烧；烧 4 oil /ɔɪl/ n. 石油；原油 5 gas /ɡæs/ n. 天然气 6 harmful /ˈhɑ:mfl/ adj. 有害的 7 website /ˈwebˌsaɪt/ n. 网站 8 own /əʊn/ adj. 自己的；本人的 9 emperor /ˈempərər/ n. 皇帝 10 hunt /hʌnt/ v. 打猎 11 war /wɔr/ n. 战争 12 sandstorm /ˈsændˌstɔrm/ n. 沙暴 13 solution /səˈluʃən/ n. 解决办法 14 blow /bləʊ/ v. 刮；吹 15 generation /ˌʤenəˈreɪʃən/ n. （统称）一代人 cut down 砍倒 hundreds of 数以百计 blow away 吹走 课文解析 写作解析 本单元的标题是“地球”,话题是“保护地球”。本单元要求学生使用所学的单词、短语和句式写出如何保护地球的文章。体裁以议论文和说明文为主。与此有关的写作内容主要包括地球所面临的问题和我们可以采取哪些行动来保护地球等。 　　假如你是李华,你校准备举行一次以“Protect the Earth”为题的英语演讲比赛,请根据以下表格的内容,写一篇英语演讲稿参加此次比赛: Protect the Earth 必要性 是我们的家园,提供空气、食物和水 问题 1.滥伐树木    2.……(补充一个问题) 倡议 提出两个倡议 注意:1.不少于80词(短文开头已给出,不计入总词数); 2.不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息,否则不予评分。 Protect the Earth 　　Dear boys and girls! I'm very glad to give you a speech about protecting the Earth. 审题指导 1.体裁:议论文     2.时态:一般现在时     3.人称:以第一、三人称为主 4.必备词汇:①provide...with... 为……提供……　②cut down 砍倒　③What's more 除此之外④turn off 关闭　⑤throw away 扔掉　⑥plastic bottles 塑料瓶⑦try to do sth. 尽量做某事 写作实战 一 地球是人类、动物、植物共同的家园,但随着各类污染越来越严重,地球正面临许多环境问题。校刊School life 正在征集以“Let's protect the Earth”为题的文章。请你根据以下提示,写一篇不少于80词的短文。不得出现真实人名、学校名。 提示:1.重要性:地球是一个美丽的行星,是动植物、人类的家园。 2.主要问题:说出地球面临的污染问题和危害。 3.措施:从日常生活中的小事做起,停止污染,保护地球。(至少列举两项措施) Let's protect the Earth 二 假如你是李华,世界地球日即将到来,请你代表你校学生给环境保护组织写一封有关环境保护的倡议信。 提示: （1）环境现状; （2）提出建议; （3）倡议和期待。 要求: （1）词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数）； （2）可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯； （3）文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear Sir or Madam, World Earth Day is coming, so I’m writing to say something about our environment. Yours, Li Hua 课文解析 塞罕坝:把沙漠变成森林 塞罕坝是河北省北部的一个森林公园。它距离北京大约400公里。几百年间，皇帝们都曾去那里打猎。但在19世纪，情况开始发生变化。该地发生了森林火灾和战争，人们砍伐了许多树木。塞罕坝慢慢变成了沙漠。 当森林消失时，北京地区发生了可怕的沙尘暴。20世纪60年代初，一队科学家前往塞罕坝寻找解决方案。他们在沙漠中间发现了一棵古树。他们想，“也许我们仍然可以在这里植树。”1962年,第一批植树者抵达塞罕坝。寒冷干燥的天气使他们的工作非常困难，强风吹走了许多树苗。在冬天，气温低至零下 40℃ 三代森林工人继续着艰苦的工作。多亏了他们，塞罕坝又恢复了绿色。它是当今世界上最大的人造森林。现在那里有数亿棵树。这片森林为首都提供了干净的水，现在北京地区的沙尘暴也更少了。 知识解析 1.Saihanba is a forest park in the north of Hebei. 塞罕坝是河北北部的一个森林公园。 in the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指在某一范围内的地区； to the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指互不接壤的两个地区； on the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指接壤的两个地区。如： in 表示在地点内部 on 表示两地接壤 to 表示两地相隔 用适当介词填空 1. Hong Kong is________ the south of China. 2. Japan is _________the east of China. 3. Canada is________ the north of the US. 4. Shanghai is a big city ______________ the east coast of China. A. by B. on C. in D. at 5. Taiwan is ______________ south of China and _____________ southeast of Fujian. A. in ; in B. on ; in C. to ; on D. in ; to 2.There were forest fires and wars, and people cut down many trees. Saihanba slowly turned into a desert. 森林大火和战争不断，人们砍伐了许多树木。塞罕坝慢慢变成了沙漠。 (1) turn…into 及turn 构成的短语 turn on=switch on，意为“拧开（电器）；打开（水源、煤气、电源等）”。 turn off=switch off，意为“关掉（电器）；关上（水源、煤气、电源等）”。 turn up 意为“调高（音量或热度）” turn down 意为“调低（音量或热度）”。 turn… into… 使……变成…… 1.新闻时间到了，请打开电视机。It’s time for the news. Please ______ _________ the TV. 2.你能把电视声音调低一点吗？Can you _______ _______ the TV a bit? 3.当你离开房间时要关灯。_______ _______ the lights when you leave the room. 4.第二天，小溪里的水变成了褐色的水。The water in the brook _______ ________ brown water the next day. (2) cut down 及 cut 构成的短语 cut off 切断，中断 cut down 削减，砍倒 cut in 插嘴，插入 cut into 打断 cut up 切碎 cut short 缩短，缩减 3.In 1962, the first tree planters arrived in Saihanba. 1962 年，第一批植树者来到塞罕坝。 (1) 辨析reach, arrive和get (a) arrive不及物动词，后接宾语时要加介词in(大地点)或at(小地点)。 I arrived in Beijing last night.我昨天晚上到达了北京。 (b) reach及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语。 Finally we reached the top of the mountain.最终我们到达了山顶。 (c) get作“到达”讲，后接宾语时要加介词to。 When did you get to the park? 你什么时候到公园的？ 注意：当arrive, get后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，则不用介词，即arrive/get＋地点副词。 词语 其他副词 arrive +in 大地点 +at 小地点 arrive here, arrive there, arrive home reach reach +地点 reach here, reach there, reach home get get to+地点 get here, get there, get home 1.My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday. A. arrived B. got C. reached D. appeared 2. Jim has _________ China for two years. A. been to B. come to C. arrived in D. been in 3.Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning. A. reach to B. get to C. arrive at D. go 4.The cold and dry weather made their work very difficult, and strong winds blew away many young trees. 寒冷干燥的天气给他们的工作带来了很大困难，大风吹走了许多幼树。 (1) make 意为“制作；使得……”的， make 常考得固定搭配： make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 make sth. + adj. 使某事怎么样 你让我很伤心。 You _________ _________ _________. Simon抱怨说他的老板让他一天工作10小时。 Simon complained that his boss _________ _________ _________ 10 hours a day. 5.In winter, it got as cold as-40C. 冬天，气温低至摄氏 40 度。 (1) as…as… 意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。常用基本结构为： as + adj. / adv. + as, 其否定结构为： not as / so + adj. / adv. + as 1.Wang Wei speaks English as _____ as Yang Lan．They both study English hard． A. good B. well C. better D. best 2.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。This film is ______ _______ ______ that one. 3.这本字典没有那本字典厚This dictionary isn’t _____ ______ _______ that one. 4.用单词的正确形式填空 (1)Grace was as_______________( care) as Tom. They made few mistakes in the exam. (2)Grace wrote as _______________( care) as Tom . They made few mistakes in the exam. (3)Grace wrote as _______________( care) as Tom . They made a few mistakes in the exam. (4)English is not so interesting as maths. = English is ___________ interesting __________ maths. 6.The forest helps provide the capital with clean water, and there are fewer sandstorms in the Beijing area now. 森林为首都提供了清洁的水源，北京地区的沙尘暴也减少了。 辨析：a few & few & a little & little（高频考题） a few “一些；几个”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。 There are a few apples in the box. 盒子里有几个苹果。 There are few apples in the box. 盒子里没几个苹果。 few “几个；很少”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。 a little “一点；一些”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 There is a little water in the glass. 杯子里有一些水。 There is little water in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有水。 little “一点；很少”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。 选用few a few little a little 填空 1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left. 2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left. 3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it. 4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________. 5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest. 6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some. 7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it. 8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it. 9.You should walk __________faster. 10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read. 7.protect的用法 protect 意为 “保护” (1) protect against 意为“使免受”(大事件）;防范 Exercise will protect against heart attacks.运动可以防范心脏病。 (2) protect from 意为“使免受”（小事件） He is always protecting himself from danger. 他总是保护着自己免受侵害 (3)　protection n. 意为“保护，防卫” Parents always provide protection for their children.父母总是为他们的孩子提供保护。 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1. 我们愿意保护濒临灭绝的野生动物。 We’re willing to __________ ______________ wild animals. 2. 你最好戴上太阳镜，来保护你的眼睛免受阳光的伤害。 You’d better wear sunglasses to __________ your eyes ______________ sunshine. 3. Alice wants to buy a pair of sunglasses to protect herself________ the sun. A. for B. under C. with D. against 8.pollution 的用法 （1）pollute v. 污染 Wasted water will pollute the environment. 废水会污染环境。 （2）pollution n. 意为“污染” The air pollution is becoming worse and worse.空气污染变得越来越糟糕。 （3）polluted adj. 意为“被污染的” Polluted water is a great danger to people's health.受污染的水对人们的健康有很大危害。 1. There is less ____________(pollute) in Suzhou than in other cities in China. 2. The local people had to move away because the environment is seriously ____________(pollute). 3.This river is dirty because it is ________ by the water from that chemistry factory. A. reduced         B. polluted      C. included          D. created 4. Sleeping with lights on is a　　 . You’d better make sure all the lights are off before you go to bed. A. pollution　 　 B. action　 　 C. waste　　 D. collection 9.harm的用法 harm adj. 危害；伤害；损害 harmful adj.有害的 用法 例句 (1) do harm to 意为“对……有害” Smoking does harm to your health (2) be harmful to. 意为“对….有害” Smoking is harmful to your health. Quit smoking early is good for your health. 【拓展】 be good for 对……有益 be harmful to 对……有害 do harm to 对……有害 1. Smoking is ________ to you. A. harm B. harmful C. harms D. harmless 2. It is _____ to your health to drink too much.   A. hopeless　　 B. hopeful　　 C. harmless　　 D. harmful 3.被污染的水对鱼类有害。Polluted water is fish. 4.长时间看电视对你眼睛有害.Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes. = Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes. =Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes. 10.stop的用法 stop doing /stop to do （1）stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，doing是stop的宾语，是要停止的动作。 （2）stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”, to do是stop的状语，表示目的，是要开始做的事情。 （3）stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事 1. You look tired, you must________. A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working 2. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest. A. having B. to have C. had D. have 3. When the child saw his new toy, he stopped ______. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. to crying 4 When my friend saw me this morning, he stopped ______ to me. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. to talking 5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson. 6.大雨使我们踢不了球。The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football. 7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees. 空气环绕着地球，地球上所有的生物都需要空气来生存。空气是什么样子的? 空气没有气味。 空气没有味道。 但是当风吹的时候， 你会感觉到它在你的脸上。 看那只风筝， 或那架飞机。 它们如何翱翔在空中? 它们乘着空气。 那个气球 是怎样在空中飘浮的? 嗯，正是热空气， 让气球飞起来! 我们需要空气来呼吸。 我们需要空气来生存。 当我们呼吸到空气， 空气让我们活下去。 风 云在天空中移动，这都要归功于风。这些云为干渴的树木和花朵带来雨水。 在一些建筑物的顶部有像这样的风向标。风向标给了我们这个问题的答案:“风从哪里吹来?” 我们可以利用风能生产清洁能源。风车为人们提供电。 随堂训练 一 .用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Now we can find information on different ______________(website). 2.Eating too much salt and too few vegetables can be __________(harm) to our health. 3.The postman ___________(bring) the mail to our door every morning. 4.She __________(take) an apple from the basket every morning. 5.The store __________(own) greets each customer with a warm smile. 二. 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 10.由于人们砍伐太多树木,一些动物没有足够的食物吃。 Because people ________ _________ too many trees,some animals don't have enough food to eat. 11.没有人可以停止长大,因此你们不得不学着照顾自己。 Nobody can stop ____________ _______, so you have to learn to look after yourselves. 12.她有自己的房间,所以她可以在里面做任何她喜欢的事。 She has her ________ _________, so she can do whatever she likes in it. 13.由于栖息地遭到破坏,这个地区的野生动物越来越少了。 There are __________ ________ __________ wild animals in this area due to the destruction of their habitats. 14.由于粗心大意,他考试不及格。 He failed in the exam ____________ _______ his carelessness. 15.我们应该共同努力保护这个美丽的星球——地球。 We should all work together to protect this ______________ _______—the Earth. 16.春天温暖的阳光让我感觉像躺在柔软的床上一样舒适。 The warm sunlight in spring makes me feel _______ ______________ _________lying on a soft bed. 三．语篇填空 　　阅读短文,根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式,每空仅限一词。 　　Rainforests are in the tropical regions (热带) of the Earth. The trees are usually very tall. Lots of rainfall helps them grow and live. The trees 1.____________ many living things with a home and food. Half of the world's animal species (物种), such as monkeys, elephants and tigers, live in the rainforests. So rainforests are an 2.______________ part of the Earth. We make energy by 3.____________ things. After the trees are cut down, many of these animals have nowhere to live. Each day, we are losing hundreds of species of animals and plants. If we do not 4.____________ the rainforests now, we will never see them again. We must 5.____________ the importance of protecting them and take action right now. 综合训练 一.单词拼写 1.The boy used a control to drive the toy car. How a____________! 2.In some poor a____________, students go to school on foot every day. 3.Some animals are in danger and we should p____________ them. 4.The hotel p____________ a shoe-cleaning service for guests. 5.Water p____________ is a big problem. It’s dangerous for our drinking water. 6.Do you think b____________ is a type of insect? 7.He is one m____________ and eighty in height. 8.The men lost their way in a s____________. 9.There’s no simple s____________ to this problem. 10.As soon as we arrived on the island, we couldn’t wait to e____________. 二.完成句子 1. 昨天强风把我的伞吹走了。 The strong wind ____________ ____________ my umbrella yesterday. 2. 他们可以给我们提供鸡蛋和鸡肉。 They can ____________ us ____________ eggs and meat. 3. 数以百计的老师参加了这次会议。 There were ____________ ____________ teachers attending this meeting. 4. 据我们所知，地球是唯一有生命的行星。 ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________, the earth is the only planet with life on it. 5. 狗通常都对主人很忠诚。更重要的是，他们会保护主人。 Dogs are usually very faithful to its owner. ____________ ____________, they can protect their owners. 三．改写句子 1.There is some water in the cup. (改为一般疑问句) 2.There are some pictures in the room. (改为否定句) There in the room. 3.There are some ladybirds in the tree. (改为否定句) There ladybirds in the tree. 4.There is some coffee in the cup. (改为否定句) There coffee in the cup. 5.There are some flowers in the park. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) 四．阅读理解 A People can change (改变) the earth. But some changes can harm the planet. When bad things are put into the land, air or water, the earth is polluted. Pollution is dangerous for plants, animals and people. People can help make less pollution. Rubbish is a big part of pollution. When people pick up the rubbish, they are helping to stop pollution. It is hard to get rid of all the rubbish we make. Making less rubbish is the first step. Less rubbish means less pollution. Another way to help make less pollution is to reuse things many times. Instead of using a new lunch bag every day, we could use the same lunch box many times. This makes less rubbish. To recycle (循环利用) means to change something so it can be used again. We make less rubbish when we recycle. Lots of things can be recycled. Can you think of things to recycle? 1.When people put ________ onto the earth, it is polluted. A．fresh water B．bad things C．a lot of fish D．cool air 2.According to the passage ________ is a big part of pollution. A．energy B．wood C．rubbish D．water 3.The underlined phrase“get rid of” means ________ in Chinese. A．产生 B．忘记 C．放弃 D．摆脱 4.Which of the follow is NOT a way to make less pollution? ________ A．Making less rubbish. B．Reusing things. C．Recycling. D．Using different lunch bags. 5.What is the main idea of the passage? ________ A．Ways of making less pollution. B．How to recycle things. C．Ways of protecting animals. D．How to make less rubbish. B April 22nd is World Earth Day—a day to remind people to protect the earth. So on that day, our family held an activity “bottle of trash challenge”. That means the trash needs to be put in a 600ml bottle. We decided to challenge ourselves and produce as little trash as possible. My father worked online all day, so he didn't produce any paper waste except paper napkins. He made the least trash in our family. My mother cooked and produced plenty of kitchen waste, such as vegetable leaves, eggshells and food bags. What's worse, we couldn't eat up all the food of the dinner that day. So leftovers couldn't be avoided. It was not easy for Mom to deal with all the trash, but she found a way to put it all into the bottle. How amazing! My sister, a 16⁃year⁃old student, was busy preparing for her exams. She had to use paper to work out math or physics problems. She used only one side of the paper in the past. But that day, she tried to use both sides of the paper because she realized we were challenging ourselves. She did a good job! I was different from my sister. I love snacks and drinks. So my trash was almost from them. I was highly alert (警觉的) that I must produce less waste. I hardly ever had snacks or drinks. It was too difficult, but I did it! I've learnt a lot from this activity. I realize that everyone can produce less trash. We should start with small actions to protect the earth! 1.What activity did the writer's family hold on April 22nd? A.A challenge.　　　 B.A trip. C.A picnic.　　　 D.A party. 2.Who made the least trash in the family? A.The writer. B.The writer's father. C.The writer's mother. D.The writer's sister. 3.What does the word “leftovers” mean in the third paragraph? A.Food bags that are used to put the vegetable leaves. B.Food that hasn't been eaten up at the end of a meal. C.Waste that is produced in the kitchen. D.Dishes that are cooked by Mother. 4.What was the writer's sister busy doing? A.Watching TV. B.Playing computer games. C.Preparing for her exams. D.Playing the piano. 5.Why does the writer write the passage? A.Because he hopes that we can have fewer snacks and drinks. B.Because he hopes that we can use both sides of the paper. C.Because he hopes that we can eat up all the food of the dinner. D.Because he hopes that we can protect the earth by starting with small actions. 五.阅读还原 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项只能用一次。 The earth is our home. Some things we have done are good for the earth while some are bad. 　1　 We can see many kinds of pollution around us, especially water pollution.  Water pollution is becoming serious in my hometown gradually. One year ago, it was a village with clean rivers and beautiful mountains. 　2　 As a result, it makes the water dirty and smell terrible. Most of fish in the water have gone and we can't swim in the river. 　3　 Water is very important to human beings, so what should we do to protect and save it?  　4　 The government should pass laws against water pollution. Second, we should save water in our daily life. For example, turn off the taps in time. Third, we should discover ways to reuse water. 　5　 Lastly, let's try to spread the message about protecting and saving water. Make more people around us know the problem of water shortage and how to help to solve it.  We must save every drop of water. Don't let our tears be the last drop of water on the earth. A.Worst of all, we don't even have enough drinking water. B.But now, some wastewater from chemical factories is running into the rivers. C.Today, some large cities are reusing their water. D.First, we should protect our water resources and not pollute them. E.We have polluted the earth, and it is sick now. 六.语法填空 根据短文内容,在文中横线上填入一个适当的词或括号中所给单词的适当形式。 We all want to protect our environment, but most of us are too busy or too lazy 1.　　　 make big changes that will improve our lifestyle and save the environment.  Here are some suggestions for 2.　　　(protect) our environment.  Use compact fluorescent light bulbs(紧凑型荧光灯). It's true that these bulbs are more expensive, but they last much 3.　　　(long) and they can save energy. So in the long term, your electricity bill would be 4.　　　(reduce).  Donate. You have lots of clothes or things you want to throw away. If they are still valuable, give them to someone who 5.　　　(need) them. You may also choose to give them to organizations. These organizations may sell them and collect a little money. Not only will you protect the environment, but you'll also help people 6.　　　 need.  Turn off your devices(设备). When you don't use a house device, turn it off. For example, if you don't watch TV, turn it off. Turn off the light when you leave a room. It's 7.　　　 easy habit to keep and you can save energy and money.  Walk or ride bikes. Driving is one of the biggest 8.　　　(cause) of pollution. If you want to use your car, ask 9.　　　(you) the following question: Do I really need my car? Walk or use your bike if the journey is short.  Use rainwater.Rainwater is very 10.　　　(use) in our daily life, so try to hold it when it rains. This water can be used for different purposes.   These suggestions above are good for the environment, and they help you save some money. 七.书面表达 现在我们周围的环境污染越来越严重。作为中学生,我们应节约资源,保护环境,从我们身边的小事做起。请你用英语写一篇倡议书,投稿给你校的英文校报。内容包括: 必要性 地球是我家,必须保护地球 不良现象 1.离开房间不关灯 2.把垃圾扔进河里(补充1点不良现象) 建议 1.节约用水、用电 2.你的1—2条建议 　　参考词汇:电(electricity) 注意:词数70左右(文章开头已给出,不计入总词数)。(E7103004) Good morning, everyone. I am glad to share my ideas about protecting the environment in our daily lives. 知识清单 Section 3　Expressing and communicating ideas 1. 　　　　　　 n. 化学制品；化学品 2. 　　　　　　 n. 地下水 3. 　　　　　　 v. 燃烧；烧 4. 　　　　　　 n. 石油；原油 5. 　　　　　　 n. 天然气 6. 　　　　　　 adj. 有害的 7. 　　　　　　 n. 网站 8. 　　　　　　 adj. 自己的；本人的 1. harm—　　　　　　（形容词）　 2. die—　　　　　　（现在分词） 3. many—　　　　　　（比较级）　 4. few—　　　　　　（比较级） 5. chemical—　　　　　　（名词，化学）　 1. 　　　　　　　　 砍倒　 2. 　　　　　　　　 大量的 3. 　　　　　　　　 越来越多　 4. 　　　　　　　　 越来越少 5. 　　　　　　　　 面对面　 6. 　　　　　　　　 每年 7. 　　　　　　　　 水污染 8. 　　　　　　　　 由于 9. 　　　　　　　　 停止做某事 10. 　　　　　　　　 对……有害 1. 地球是一个美丽的星球。 The Earth 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2. 这个美丽的星球是我们唯一的家园。 This 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3. 然而，我们正以多种方式伤害地球。 However, we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4. 我们只有一个地球，所以我们必须保护它。We only have one Earth, 　　　　　　　　　　　　. Section 4　Extending and developing competencies 1. 　　　　　　 n. 皇帝　　 2. 　　　　　　 v. 打猎 3. 　　　　　　 n. 战争 4. 　　　　　　 n. 沙暴 5. 　　　　　　 n. 解决办法 6. 　　　　　　 v. 刮；吹 7. 　　　　　　 n. （统称）一代人 1. hunt—　　　　　　（名词，猎人）　　　　 2. blow—　　　　　　（过去式） 3. solution—　　　　　　（动词）　 4. live—　　　　　　（形容词，活着的；继续存在） 1. 　　　　　　　　 吹走 2. 　　　　　　　　 把……变成…… 3. 　　　　　　　　 一群 4. 　　　　　　　　 在……中间 5. 　　　　　　　　 到达（大地方） 6. 　　　　　　　　 在……的北部 7. 　　　　　　　　 在19世纪　 8. 　　　　　　　　 种树 9. 　　　　　　　　 休息一下　　 10. 　　　　　　　　 使某人活着 11. 　　　　　　　　 在……顶部　 12. 　　　　　　　　 问题的答案 1. 几百年来，皇帝们都会去那里打猎。For 　　　　　　　　， the emperors went there　　　　　　　　. 2. 发生了森林火灾和战争，而且人们砍伐了许多树木。 There were forest fires and wars, and 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3. 塞罕坝逐渐变成了一片沙漠。Saihanba 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4. 他们在沙漠中心发现了一棵老树。They found an old tree 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 5. 多亏了他们，塞罕坝再次变得绿意盎然。　　　　　　　　， Saihanba 　　　　　　　　. 6. 这片森林有助于为首都提供洁净的水源，现在北京地区的沙尘暴也更少了。 The forest 　　　　　　　　 the capital 　　　　　　　　， and there are fewer sandstorms in the Beijing area now. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 Unit 4 The Earth Section 3-4 单词学习 1 chemical /ˈkemɪkəl/ n. 化学制品 2 groundwater /ˈɡraʊnˌdwɑtər/ n. 地下水 3 burn /bɜ:n/ v. 燃烧；烧 4 oil /ɔɪl/ n. 石油；原油 5 gas /ɡæs/ n. 天然气 6 harmful /ˈhɑ:mfl/ adj. 有害的 7 website /ˈwebˌsaɪt/ n. 网站 8 own /əʊn/ adj. 自己的；本人的 9 emperor /ˈempərər/ n. 皇帝 10 hunt /hʌnt/ v. 打猎 11 war /wɔr/ n. 战争 12 sandstorm /ˈsændˌstɔrm/ n. 沙暴 13 solution /səˈluʃən/ n. 解决办法 14 blow /bləʊ/ v. 刮；吹 15 generation /ˌʤenəˈreɪʃən/ n. （统称）一代人 cut down 砍倒 hundreds of 数以百计 blow away 吹走 课文解析 写作解析 本单元的标题是“地球”,话题是“保护地球”。本单元要求学生使用所学的单词、短语和句式写出如何保护地球的文章。体裁以议论文和说明文为主。与此有关的写作内容主要包括地球所面临的问题和我们可以采取哪些行动来保护地球等。 　　假如你是李华,你校准备举行一次以“Protect the Earth”为题的英语演讲比赛,请根据以下表格的内容,写一篇英语演讲稿参加此次比赛: Protect the Earth 必要性 是我们的家园,提供空气、食物和水 问题 1.滥伐树木    2.……(补充一个问题) 倡议 提出两个倡议 注意:1.不少于80词(短文开头已给出,不计入总词数); 2.不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息,否则不予评分。 Protect the Earth 　　Dear boys and girls! I'm very glad to give you a speech about protecting the Earth. 审题指导 1.体裁:议论文     2.时态:一般现在时     3.人称:以第一、三人称为主 4.必备词汇:①provide...with... 为……提供……　②cut down 砍倒　③What's more 除此之外④turn off 关闭　⑤throw away 扔掉　⑥plastic bottles 塑料瓶⑦try to do sth. 尽量做某事 写作实战 一 地球是人类、动物、植物共同的家园,但随着各类污染越来越严重,地球正面临许多环境问题。校刊School life 正在征集以“Let's protect the Earth”为题的文章。请你根据以下提示,写一篇不少于80词的短文。不得出现真实人名、学校名。 提示:1.重要性:地球是一个美丽的行星,是动植物、人类的家园。 2.主要问题:说出地球面临的污染问题和危害。 3.措施:从日常生活中的小事做起,停止污染,保护地球。(至少列举两项措施) Let's protect the Earth Let's protect the Earth 　　The Earth is a beautiful planet. There are many blue seas and high mountains and beautiful clouds flowing in the sky. 　　The Earth is home to all humans, animals and plants. How-ever, the Earth is facing a lot of problems. People are harming the Earth in many ways. For example, people put rubbish into rivers and seas. The sea is becoming dirtier and dirtier. Some people are cutting down trees. There are fewer and fewer trees in the world. 　　We only have one Earth,so we have to protect it. Let's take action. First,we shouldn't throw rubbish in the sea. We should put it into the dustbin. Second,we must plant more trees. Trees can make the air clean and the world beautiful. Third,we should walk, take the bus or underground more to go to school or go to work. 　　All in all, if we don't want anything bad to happen to our only home, it's important for us to protect the Earth. 二 假如你是李华,世界地球日即将到来,请你代表你校学生给环境保护组织写一封有关环境保护的倡议信。 提示: （1）环境现状; （2）提出建议; （3）倡议和期待。 要求: （1）词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数）； （2）可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯； （3）文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear Sir or Madam, World Earth Day is coming, so I’m writing to say something about our environment. Yours, Li Hua 【写作提示】 1.主题：环境保护2.人称：以第一、三人称为主3.时态：一般现在时4.要点：环境现状、环保建议、发出倡议并表达期待5.写作思路：开篇点明目前的环境现状，接着提出具体的保护环境的建议，最后发出倡议并表达期待。 Dear Sir or Madam, World Earth Day is coming, so I’m writing to say something about our environment. Now people cut down more and more trees to make things.There are a lot of cars on the road. Besides,some factories pour waste water into rivers or lakes. Some people even throw rubbish into the seas or rivers.These cause too much pollution. Because of these, the Earth is in danger. So it’s time for us to do something to protect the environment. First, we should make people know it’s important to protect the environment. Second, the government had better make rules to stop pollution. Finally, everyone should take part in some environment-friendly activities from now on. Let’s take action to protect the environment and I believe we can make our world a better place to live. Yours, Li Hua 课文解析 塞罕坝:把沙漠变成森林 塞罕坝是河北省北部的一个森林公园。它距离北京大约400公里。几百年间，皇帝们都曾去那里打猎。但在19世纪，情况开始发生变化。该地发生了森林火灾和战争，人们砍伐了许多树木。塞罕坝慢慢变成了沙漠。 当森林消失时，北京地区发生了可怕的沙尘暴。20世纪60年代初，一队科学家前往塞罕坝寻找解决方案。他们在沙漠中间发现了一棵古树。他们想，“也许我们仍然可以在这里植树。”1962年,第一批植树者抵达塞罕坝。寒冷干燥的天气使他们的工作非常困难，强风吹走了许多树苗。在冬天，气温低至零下 40℃ 三代森林工人继续着艰苦的工作。多亏了他们，塞罕坝又恢复了绿色。它是当今世界上最大的人造森林。现在那里有数亿棵树。这片森林为首都提供了干净的水，现在北京地区的沙尘暴也更少了。 知识解析 1.Saihanba is a forest park in the north of Hebei. 塞罕坝是河北北部的一个森林公园。 in the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指在某一范围内的地区； to the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指互不接壤的两个地区； on the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指接壤的两个地区。如： in 表示在地点内部 on 表示两地接壤 to 表示两地相隔 用适当介词填空 1. Hong Kong is________ the south of China. 2. Japan is _________the east of China. 3. Canada is________ the north of the US. 【答案】： 1，in 香港属于中国管辖的一部分。故用“in”。 2. to 日本不属于中国且隔海不接壤。故用“to” 3.on 加拿大与美国接壤的两个国家。故用“on” 4. Shanghai is a big city ______________ the east coast of China. A. by B. on C. in D. at 【答案】：C 【解析】句意：上海是坐落在中国东海岸的一座大城市。考查介词表示地点方位辨析。根据上海是属于中国范围之内，存在包含关系，因此表示地点方位时用介词in。故选C。 5. Taiwan is ______________ south of China and _____________ southeast of Fujian. A. in ; in B. on ; in C. to ; on D. in ; to 【答案】：D 【解析】句意：台湾坐落在中国的南方而且位于福建的东南。考查介词表示地点方位的辨析。根据台湾属于中国范围之内，存在包含关系，因此用in；而台湾与福建不存在包含关系，因此用to。故选D。 2.There were forest fires and wars, and people cut down many trees. Saihanba slowly turned into a desert. 森林大火和战争不断，人们砍伐了许多树木。塞罕坝慢慢变成了沙漠。 (1) turn…into 及turn 构成的短语 turn on=switch on，意为“拧开（电器）；打开（水源、煤气、电源等）”。 turn off=switch off，意为“关掉（电器）；关上（水源、煤气、电源等）”。 turn up 意为“调高（音量或热度）” turn down 意为“调低（音量或热度）”。 turn… into… 使……变成…… 1.新闻时间到了，请打开电视机。It’s time for the news. Please ______ _________ the TV. 2.你能把电视声音调低一点吗？Can you _______ _______ the TV a bit? 3.当你离开房间时要关灯。_______ _______ the lights when you leave the room. 4.第二天，小溪里的水变成了褐色的水。The water in the brook _______ ________ brown water the next day. 【答案】1.turn on 2.turn down 3.turn off 4.turns into (2) cut down 及 cut 构成的短语 cut off 切断，中断 cut down 削减，砍倒 cut in 插嘴，插入 cut into 打断 cut up 切碎 cut short 缩短，缩减 3.In 1962, the first tree planters arrived in Saihanba. 1962 年，第一批植树者来到塞罕坝。 (1) 辨析reach, arrive和get (a) arrive不及物动词，后接宾语时要加介词in(大地点)或at(小地点)。 I arrived in Beijing last night.我昨天晚上到达了北京。 (b) reach及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语。 Finally we reached the top of the mountain.最终我们到达了山顶。 (c) get作“到达”讲，后接宾语时要加介词to。 When did you get to the park? 你什么时候到公园的？ 注意：当arrive, get后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，则不用介词，即arrive/get＋地点副词。 词语 其他副词 arrive +in 大地点 +at 小地点 arrive here, arrive there, arrive home reach reach +地点 reach here, reach there, reach home get get to+地点 get here, get there, get home 1.My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday. A. arrived B. got C. reached D. appeared 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我叔叔昨天晚上9点到达机场。A. arrived是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词at或in；B. got是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词to；C. reached是及物动词，后直接接宾语；D. appeared出现。句子My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday.中的the airport前，没有任何介词，因此用动词reach。语境是：我叔叔昨天晚上9点到达机场。故选C。 2. Jim has _________ China for two years. A. been to B. come to C. arrived in D. been in 【答案】D 【解析】arrive in 到达。非延续性动词。不能于一段时间连用。 3.Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning. A. reach to B. get to C. arrive at D. go 【答案】B 【解析】句意：苏珊下周一上午将到达北京。A. reach是及物动词，后直接接宾语,不需要要to；B. get是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词to；C. arrive是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词at或in；达到Beijing 用in D. go后面跟宾语要用to。句子Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning. 中的Beijing前，没有任何介词，因此用动词reach。语境是：苏珊下周一上午将到达北京。故选A。 4.The cold and dry weather made their work very difficult, and strong winds blew away many young trees. 寒冷干燥的天气给他们的工作带来了很大困难，大风吹走了许多幼树。 (1) make 意为“制作；使得……”的， make 常考得固定搭配： make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 make sth. + adj. 使某事怎么样 你让我很伤心。 You _________ _________ _________. (make me sad) Simon抱怨说他的老板让他一天工作10小时。 Simon complained that his boss _________ _________ _________ 10 hours a day.（make him work） 5.In winter, it got as cold as-40C. 冬天，气温低至摄氏 40 度。 (1) as…as… 意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。常用基本结构为： as + adj. / adv. + as, 其否定结构为： not as / so + adj. / adv. + as 1.Wang Wei speaks English as _____ as Yang Lan．They both study English hard． A. good B. well C. better D. best 【解析】句意：王伟的英语讲的和杨澜的一样好。他们学习英语都努力。A为形容词 原级；B为副词的原级；C为比较级；D为最高级。本题考查同级的比较。as…as中间用形容词或副词的原级，排除C/D；此处是副词修饰动词speak。故选B。 2.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。This film is ______ _______ ______ that one. 3.这本字典没有那本字典厚This dictionary isn’t _____ ______ _______ that one. 【解析】 句式 甲与乙程度相同用 as as这个句式。答案：as interesting as 甲不及乙 用否定形式。not as …as 或not so….as 故答案为： so/as thick as 4.用单词的正确形式填空 (1)Grace was as_______________( care) as Tom. They made few mistakes in the exam. (2)Grace wrote as _______________( care) as Tom . They made few mistakes in the exam. (3)Grace wrote as _______________( care) as Tom . They made a few mistakes in the exam. (4)English is not so interesting as maths. = English is ___________ interesting __________ maths. 【答案】（1）carful (2)carefully (3)careless (4) as….as 6.The forest helps provide the capital with clean water, and there are fewer sandstorms in the Beijing area now. 森林为首都提供了清洁的水源，北京地区的沙尘暴也减少了。 辨析：a few & few & a little & little（高频考题） a few “一些；几个”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。 There are a few apples in the box. 盒子里有几个苹果。 There are few apples in the box. 盒子里没几个苹果。 few “几个；很少”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。 a little “一点；一些”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 There is a little water in the glass. 杯子里有一些水。 There is little water in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有水。 little “一点；很少”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。 选用few a few little a little 填空 1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left. 【答案】little。句意：请快点。剩下的时间不多了。Time 不可数名词。little 表示：几乎没有。little符合题意。 2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left. 【答案】a little 句意：请不要担心。还有一点时间。a little表示：有一点。 3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it. 【答案】few 句意：这个箱子很重。很少有人能举起它。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。 4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________. 【答案】little a little 句意：我的钢笔里没有墨水，请给我一点。 5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest. 【答案】few 句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因为他非常自私和不诚实。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。 6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some. 【答案】little 句意：碗橱里几乎没有食物。我得去拿点。Little 几乎没有。符合题意。 7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it. 【答案】few 句意：这个问题很难，几乎没有学生能回答。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。 8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it. 【答案】a few 句意：这个问题很难，但有几个学生能回答。A few 有几个。 9.You should walk __________faster. 【答案】a little. a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语.其它几个词都没有这种用法。 10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read. 【答案】few 。有很多新书，但是没几本容易读懂。 7.protect的用法 protect 意为 “保护” (1) protect against 意为“使免受”(大事件）;防范 Exercise will protect against heart attacks.运动可以防范心脏病。 (2) protect from 意为“使免受”（小事件） He is always protecting himself from danger. 他总是保护着自己免受侵害 (3)　protection n. 意为“保护，防卫” Parents always provide protection for their children.父母总是为他们的孩子提供保护。 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1. 我们愿意保护濒临灭绝的野生动物。 We’re willing to __________ ______________ wild animals. 【答案】protect from/against 2. 你最好戴上太阳镜，来保护你的眼睛免受阳光的伤害。 You’d better wear sunglasses to __________ your eyes ______________ sunshine. 【答案】protect from/against 3. Alice wants to buy a pair of sunglasses to protect herself________ the sun. A. for B. under C. with D. against 【答案】D 【解析】句意：Alice想买一副眼镜，来保护他自己阻挡太阳。Protect...against表示保护……免受……。根据题意，故选D。 8.pollution 的用法 （1）pollute v. 污染 Wasted water will pollute the environment. 废水会污染环境。 （2）pollution n. 意为“污染” The air pollution is becoming worse and worse.空气污染变得越来越糟糕。 （3）polluted adj. 意为“被污染的” Polluted water is a great danger to people's health.受污染的水对人们的健康有很大危害。 1. There is less ____________(pollute) in Suzhou than in other cities in China. 【答案】pollution 2. The local people had to move away because the environment is seriously ____________(pollute). 【答案】polluted 3.This river is dirty because it is ________ by the water from that chemistry factory. A. reduced         B. polluted      C. included          D. created 【答案】B。 【解析】本题考查动词辨析。reduce意为“减少”，pollute意为“污染”，include意为“包含”，create意为“创造”。结合语境可知应选B。 4. Sleeping with lights on is a　　 . You’d better make sure all the lights are off before you go to bed. A. pollution　 　 B. action　 　 C. waste　　 D. collection 【答案】选C。 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意: 开着灯睡觉是一种浪费。你最好确保睡觉前把所有的灯关掉。pollution“污染”; action“行动”; waste“浪费”; collection“收集”。 9.harm的用法 harm adj. 危害；伤害；损害 harmful adj.有害的 用法 例句 (1) do harm to 意为“对……有害” Smoking does harm to your health (2) be harmful to. 意为“对….有害” Smoking is harmful to your health. Quit smoking early is good for your health. 【拓展】 be good for 对……有益 be harmful to 对……有害 do harm to 对……有害 1. Smoking is ________ to you. A. harm B. harmful C. harms D. harmless 【答案】B 【解析】句意：吸烟对你有害。A. harm伤害；B. harmful有害的；C. harms危害；D. harmless无害的。结合语境“吸烟对你_______。” 可知，吸烟对身体有害，be harmful to对……有害。故选B。 2. It is _____ to your health to drink too much.   A. hopeless　　 B. hopeful　　 C. harmless　　 D. harmful 【答案】D 考查形容词辨析。句意:过量喝酒对你的身体健康有害。hopeless无望的;hopeful抱有希望的;harmless无害的;harmful有害的。根据生活常识可知，喝酒过量对身体健康有害。故选D。 3.被污染的水对鱼类有害。Polluted water is fish. 【答案】harmful to 4.长时间看电视对你眼睛有害.Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes. = Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes. =Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes. 【答案】1does harm to is bad for is harmful to 10.stop的用法 stop doing /stop to do （1）stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，doing是stop的宾语，是要停止的动作。 （2）stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”, to do是stop的状语，表示目的，是要开始做的事情。 （3）stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事 1. You look tired, you must________. A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working 【答案】D你看起来很累，所以你必须停止工作。故答案选D。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事” 2. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest. A. having B. to have C. had D. have 【答案】B 最后，我们感到累，我们停下来休息。故答案选B。stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事” 3. When the child saw his new toy, he stopped ______. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. to crying 【答案】C当孩子看到他的新玩具，他停止哭。所以选 C 4 When my friend saw me this morning, he stopped ______ to me. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. to talking 【答案】B 早晨当我朋友看见我的时候，他停下来和我说活。Stop to do 停下来做另一件事。答案选B 5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson. 【答案】stop speaking。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事” 6.大雨使我们踢不了球。The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football. 【答案】stopped from playing。stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事。 7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees. 【答案】stop from cutting。表示阻止。。。做某事。 空气环绕着地球，地球上所有的生物都需要空气来生存。空气是什么样子的? 空气没有气味。 空气没有味道。 但是当风吹的时候， 你会感觉到它在你的脸上。 看那只风筝， 或那架飞机。 它们如何翱翔在空中? 它们乘着空气。 那个气球 是怎样在空中飘浮的? 嗯，正是热空气， 让气球飞起来! 我们需要空气来呼吸。 我们需要空气来生存。 当我们呼吸到空气， 空气让我们活下去。 风 云在天空中移动，这都要归功于风。这些云为干渴的树木和花朵带来雨水。 在一些建筑物的顶部有像这样的风向标。风向标给了我们这个问题的答案:“风从哪里吹来?” 我们可以利用风能生产清洁能源。风车为人们提供电。 随堂训练 一 .用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Now we can find information on different ______________(website). 2.Eating too much salt and too few vegetables can be __________(harm) to our health. 3.The postman ___________(bring) the mail to our door every morning. 4.She __________(take) an apple from the basket every morning. 5.The store __________(own) greets each customer with a warm smile. 1.websites    2.harmful    3.brings    4.takes    5.owner     二. 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 10.由于人们砍伐太多树木,一些动物没有足够的食物吃。 Because people ________ _________ too many trees,some animals don't have enough food to eat. 11.没有人可以停止长大,因此你们不得不学着照顾自己。 Nobody can stop ____________ _______, so you have to learn to look after yourselves. 12.她有自己的房间,所以她可以在里面做任何她喜欢的事。 She has her ________ _________, so she can do whatever she likes in it. 13.由于栖息地遭到破坏,这个地区的野生动物越来越少了。 There are __________ ________ __________ wild animals in this area due to the destruction of their habitats. 14.由于粗心大意,他考试不及格。 He failed in the exam ____________ _______ his carelessness. 15.我们应该共同努力保护这个美丽的星球——地球。 We should all work together to protect this ______________ _______—the Earth. 16.春天温暖的阳光让我感觉像躺在柔软的床上一样舒适。 The warm sunlight in spring makes me feel _______ ______________ _________lying on a soft bed. 1.cut    down 2.growing    up 3.own    room 4.fewer    and fewer  5.because    of  6.beautiful    planet    7.as comfortable as 三．语篇填空 　　阅读短文,根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式,每空仅限一词。 　　Rainforests are in the tropical regions (热带) of the Earth. The trees are usually very tall. Lots of rainfall helps them grow and live. The trees 1.____________ many living things with a home and food. Half of the world's animal species (物种), such as monkeys, elephants and tigers, live in the rainforests. So rainforests are an 2.______________ part of the Earth. We make energy by 3.____________ things. After the trees are cut down, many of these animals have nowhere to live. Each day, we are losing hundreds of species of animals and plants. If we do not 4.____________ the rainforests now, we will never see them again. We must 5.____________ the importance of protecting them and take action right now. [语篇解读]　本文介绍了热带雨林的重要性,并呼吁我们保护热带雨林。 1.根据语境以及首字母“p”可知,这里是说树木为许多生物提供了家和食物,provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”,主语“The trees”是复数,时态为一般现在时,故填provide。 2.结合前文提到的热带雨林为众多生物提供家园和食物,世界上一半的动物物种生活在其中可知,热带雨林是地球重要的一部分,根据首字母 “i”可知,此处应填important。 3.根据首字母“b”并结合常识可知,我们通过燃烧东西来获取能源,by是介词,后接动名词形式,故填burning。 4.由前文提到的树木被砍伐后许多动物无家可归,物种不断消失可知,此处是呼吁我们保护热带雨林,故填protect。 5.根据“the importance of protecting them and take action right now”以及首字母“r”可知,此处是说我们必须意识到保护热带雨林的重要性并立即采取行动,must后接动词原形,故填realize。 综合训练 一.单词拼写 1.The boy used a control to drive the toy car. How a____________! 2.In some poor a____________, students go to school on foot every day. 3.Some animals are in danger and we should p____________ them. 4.The hotel p____________ a shoe-cleaning service for guests. 5.Water p____________ is a big problem. It’s dangerous for our drinking water. 6.Do you think b____________ is a type of insect? 7.He is one m____________ and eighty in height. 8.The men lost their way in a s____________. 9.There’s no simple s____________ to this problem. 10.As soon as we arrived on the island, we couldn’t wait to e____________. 答案1. amazing 2. areas 3. protect 4. provides 5. pollution 6. butterfly 7. metre 8. sandstorm 9. solution 10. explore 二.完成句子 1. 昨天强风把我的伞吹走了。 The strong wind ____________ ____________ my umbrella yesterday. 2. 他们可以给我们提供鸡蛋和鸡肉。 They can ____________ us ____________ eggs and meat. 3. 数以百计的老师参加了这次会议。 There were ____________ ____________ teachers attending this meeting. 4. 据我们所知，地球是唯一有生命的行星。 ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________, the earth is the only planet with life on it. 5. 狗通常都对主人很忠诚。更重要的是，他们会保护主人。 Dogs are usually very faithful to its owner. ____________ ____________, they can protect their owners. 答案1. blew away2. provide with3. hundreds of4. As far as we know5. What’s more 三．改写句子 1.There is some water in the cup. (改为一般疑问句) 2.There are some pictures in the room. (改为否定句) There in the room. 3.There are some ladybirds in the tree. (改为否定句) There ladybirds in the tree. 4.There is some coffee in the cup. (改为否定句) There coffee in the cup. 5.There are some flowers in the park. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) 答案1.Is there any water in the cup? 2.aren't;any;pictures 3.aren't;any 4.isn't;any 5.Are there any flowers in the park? No,there aren't. 四．阅读理解 A People can change (改变) the earth. But some changes can harm the planet. When bad things are put into the land, air or water, the earth is polluted. Pollution is dangerous for plants, animals and people. People can help make less pollution. Rubbish is a big part of pollution. When people pick up the rubbish, they are helping to stop pollution. It is hard to get rid of all the rubbish we make. Making less rubbish is the first step. Less rubbish means less pollution. Another way to help make less pollution is to reuse things many times. Instead of using a new lunch bag every day, we could use the same lunch box many times. This makes less rubbish. To recycle (循环利用) means to change something so it can be used again. We make less rubbish when we recycle. Lots of things can be recycled. Can you think of things to recycle? 1.When people put ________ onto the earth, it is polluted. A．fresh water B．bad things C．a lot of fish D．cool air 2.According to the passage ________ is a big part of pollution. A．energy B．wood C．rubbish D．water 3.The underlined phrase“get rid of” means ________ in Chinese. A．产生 B．忘记 C．放弃 D．摆脱 4.Which of the follow is NOT a way to make less pollution? ________ A．Making less rubbish. B．Reusing things. C．Recycling. D．Using different lunch bags. 5.What is the main idea of the passage? ________ A．Ways of making less pollution. B．How to recycle things. C．Ways of protecting animals. D．How to make less rubbish. 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了人们在改变地球的同时也在污染地球，这将对植物，动物和人类有极大的危险，所以文章阐述了人们应该如何制造更少的污染。 1.细节理解题。根据“When bad things are put into the land, air or water, the earth is polluted.”可知当坏东西被放入陆地，空气或者水里，地球就被污染了，故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据“Rubbish is a big part of pollution.”可知垃圾是污染的一大组成部分，故选C。 3.词义猜测题。根据“Making less rubbish is the first step. Less rubbish means less pollution”可知制造更少的垃圾是第一步，更少的垃圾意味着更少的污染，所以猜测此处应是让垃圾消失，结合备选项猜测其应是“摆脱”之意，故选D。 4.细节理解题。根据“ Instead of using a new lunch bag every day, we could use the same lunch box many times. This makes less rubbish. ”可知不要每天使用新的午餐袋，这样做可以制造更少的垃圾，故选D。 5.主旨大意题。根据文章可知文中介绍了我们应该怎样制造更少的污染，故选A。 B April 22nd is World Earth Day—a day to remind people to protect the earth. So on that day, our family held an activity “bottle of trash challenge”. That means the trash needs to be put in a 600ml bottle. We decided to challenge ourselves and produce as little trash as possible. My father worked online all day, so he didn't produce any paper waste except paper napkins. He made the least trash in our family. My mother cooked and produced plenty of kitchen waste, such as vegetable leaves, eggshells and food bags. What's worse, we couldn't eat up all the food of the dinner that day. So leftovers couldn't be avoided. It was not easy for Mom to deal with all the trash, but she found a way to put it all into the bottle. How amazing! My sister, a 16⁃year⁃old student, was busy preparing for her exams. She had to use paper to work out math or physics problems. She used only one side of the paper in the past. But that day, she tried to use both sides of the paper because she realized we were challenging ourselves. She did a good job! I was different from my sister. I love snacks and drinks. So my trash was almost from them. I was highly alert (警觉的) that I must produce less waste. I hardly ever had snacks or drinks. It was too difficult, but I did it! I've learnt a lot from this activity. I realize that everyone can produce less trash. We should start with small actions to protect the earth! 1.What activity did the writer's family hold on April 22nd? A.A challenge.　　　 B.A trip. C.A picnic.　　　 D.A party. 2.Who made the least trash in the family? A.The writer. B.The writer's father. C.The writer's mother. D.The writer's sister. 3.What does the word “leftovers” mean in the third paragraph? A.Food bags that are used to put the vegetable leaves. B.Food that hasn't been eaten up at the end of a meal. C.Waste that is produced in the kitchen. D.Dishes that are cooked by Mother. 4.What was the writer's sister busy doing? A.Watching TV. B.Playing computer games. C.Preparing for her exams. D.Playing the piano. 5.Why does the writer write the passage? A.Because he hopes that we can have fewer snacks and drinks. B.Because he hopes that we can use both sides of the paper. C.Because he hopes that we can eat up all the food of the dinner. D.Because he hopes that we can protect the earth by starting with small actions. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了在“世界地球日”这一天,作者一家开展竞赛。通过这次活动,作者意识到每个人都可以做到少制造垃圾,从而通过这些小事来达到保护我们的家园——地球的目的。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,作者一家开展了一次挑战活动。故选A。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,在一家人中,作者的爸爸产生的垃圾最少。故选B。 3.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“What's worse, we couldn't eat up all the food of the dinner that day. (更糟糕的是,我们不能吃光那天晚餐的所有食物)”可推断leftovers意为“吃剩的饭菜”。故选B。 4.C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“My sister, a 16⁃year⁃old student, was busy preparing for her exams.”可知,作者的姐姐在准备考试。故选C。 5.D　主旨大意题。根据本文描述尤其是最后一段可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是希望人们通过做一些力所能及的小事来保护地球。故选D。 五.阅读还原 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项只能用一次。 The earth is our home. Some things we have done are good for the earth while some are bad. 　1　 We can see many kinds of pollution around us, especially water pollution.  Water pollution is becoming serious in my hometown gradually. One year ago, it was a village with clean rivers and beautiful mountains. 　2　 As a result, it makes the water dirty and smell terrible. Most of fish in the water have gone and we can't swim in the river. 　3　 Water is very important to human beings, so what should we do to protect and save it?  　4　 The government should pass laws against water pollution. Second, we should save water in our daily life. For example, turn off the taps in time. Third, we should discover ways to reuse water. 　5　 Lastly, let's try to spread the message about protecting and saving water. Make more people around us know the problem of water shortage and how to help to solve it.  We must save every drop of water. Don't let our tears be the last drop of water on the earth. A.Worst of all, we don't even have enough drinking water. B.But now, some wastewater from chemical factories is running into the rivers. C.Today, some large cities are reusing their water. D.First, we should protect our water resources and not pollute them. E.We have polluted the earth, and it is sick now. 语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了保护水资源的必要性以及措施。 1.E　根据上一句的“...while some are bad”和下一句可知,人类的某些活动对地球造成了伤害,造成了很多污染,尤其是水污染。选项E“我们已经污染了地球,现在它病了”符合语境。故选E。 2.B　根据上一句“One year ago, it was a village with clean rivers and beautiful mountains.”和下一句“As a result, it makes the water dirty and smell terrible.”可知,此处需填入一个表示转折的句子。选项B“但现在,一些化工厂的废水正排入河流”符合语境。故选B。 3.A　前两句提到水污染导致的后果,这与A项“最糟糕的是,我们甚至没有足够的饮用水”内容相符。故选A。 4.D　根据下文的Second,Third及Lastly可推断,此处介绍的是保护水资源的第一条措施。选项D“首先,我们应该保护我们的水资源,不要污染它们”符合语境。故选D。 5.C　根据“Third, we should discover ways to reuse water.”可知,此处介绍的是如何回收利用水资源。选项C“现今,一些大城市正在重新利用它们的水”符合语境。故选C。 六.语法填空 根据短文内容,在文中横线上填入一个适当的词或括号中所给单词的适当形式。 We all want to protect our environment, but most of us are too busy or too lazy 1.　　　 make big changes that will improve our lifestyle and save the environment.  Here are some suggestions for 2.　　　(protect) our environment.  Use compact fluorescent light bulbs(紧凑型荧光灯). It's true that these bulbs are more expensive, but they last much 3.　　　(long) and they can save energy. So in the long term, your electricity bill would be 4.　　　(reduce).  Donate. You have lots of clothes or things you want to throw away. If they are still valuable, give them to someone who 5.　　　(need) them. You may also choose to give them to organizations. These organizations may sell them and collect a little money. Not only will you protect the environment, but you'll also help people 6.　　　 need.  Turn off your devices(设备). When you don't use a house device, turn it off. For example, if you don't watch TV, turn it off. Turn off the light when you leave a room. It's 7.　　　 easy habit to keep and you can save energy and money.  Walk or ride bikes. Driving is one of the biggest 8.　　　(cause) of pollution. If you want to use your car, ask 9.　　　(you) the following question: Do I really need my car? Walk or use your bike if the journey is short.  Use rainwater.Rainwater is very 10.　　　(use) in our daily life, so try to hold it when it rains. This water can be used for different purposes.   These suggestions above are good for the environment, and they help you save some money. [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了五条保护环境的建议。 1.to　由too busy or too lazy及make big changes可判断,这里是“too…to…”结构,意为“太……而不能……”。 2.protecting　介词for后接动词⁃ing形式。 3.longer　此处much修饰形容词或副词的比较级,故填longer。 4.reduced　句子主语your electricity bill与reduce为被动关系,应用被动语态,空前有be,故填reduced。 5.needs　从句主语who指代不定代词someone,又是一般现在时,从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 6.in　in need意为“处于困境中”。 7.an　此处泛指一个简单的习惯,应用不定冠词修饰,easy以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。 8.causes　“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。 9.yourself　主句省略了主语you,故设空处应用反身代词;由下文的Do I可知,此处单数,故填yourself。 10.useful　设空处作is的表语,应用形容词;副词very修饰形容词原级,故填useful。 七.书面表达 现在我们周围的环境污染越来越严重。作为中学生,我们应节约资源,保护环境,从我们身边的小事做起。请你用英语写一篇倡议书,投稿给你校的英文校报。内容包括: 必要性 地球是我家,必须保护地球 不良现象 1.离开房间不关灯 2.把垃圾扔进河里(补充1点不良现象) 建议 1.节约用水、用电 2.你的1—2条建议 　　参考词汇:电(electricity) 注意:词数70左右(文章开头已给出,不计入总词数)。(E7103004) Good morning, everyone. I am glad to share my ideas about protecting the environment in our daily lives. Good morning, everyone. I am glad to share my ideas about protecting the environment in our daily lives.  The Earth is our home and we have to protect her. Today environmental pollution has become a serious problem. Some people don't turn off the light when they leave the room. There are also some people putting the rubbish into the river. Besides, factories burn things to make energy. This pollutes the air. In order to protect the Earth, we must do something. First, we have to save water and electricity. Second, we should plant more trees to make the air clean. Third, we can go out by bus or bike. Finally, we shouldn't use plastic bags. 知识清单 Section 3　Expressing and communicating ideas 1. 　　　　　　 n. 化学制品；化学品 2. 　　　　　　 n. 地下水 3. 　　　　　　 v. 燃烧；烧 4. 　　　　　　 n. 石油；原油 5. 　　　　　　 n. 天然气 6. 　　　　　　 adj. 有害的 7. 　　　　　　 n. 网站 8. 　　　　　　 adj. 自己的；本人的 1. harm—　　　　　　（形容词）　 2. die—　　　　　　（现在分词） 3. many—　　　　　　（比较级）　 4. few—　　　　　　（比较级） 5. chemical—　　　　　　（名词，化学）　 1. 　　　　　　　　 砍倒　 2. 　　　　　　　　 大量的 3. 　　　　　　　　 越来越多　 4. 　　　　　　　　 越来越少 5. 　　　　　　　　 面对面　 6. 　　　　　　　　 每年 7. 　　　　　　　　 水污染 8. 　　　　　　　　 由于 9. 　　　　　　　　 停止做某事 10. 　　　　　　　　 对……有害 1. 地球是一个美丽的星球。 The Earth 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2. 这个美丽的星球是我们唯一的家园。 This 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3. 然而，我们正以多种方式伤害地球。 However, we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4. 我们只有一个地球，所以我们必须保护它。We only have one Earth, 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 核心单词　1. chemical　2. groundwater　3. burn　4. oil5. gas　6. harmful　7. website　8. own 单词变形　1. harmful　2. dying　3. more　4. fewer5. chemistry 核心短语　1. cut down　2. a lot of/lots of3. more and more　4. less and less　5. face to face6. each/every year　7. water pollution　8. because of　9. stop doing sth.　10. be harmful to 重点句型　1. is a beautiful planet　2. beautiful planet is our only home　3. are harming the Earth in many ways　 4. so we have to protect it Section 4　Extending and developing competencies 1. 　　　　　　 n. 皇帝　　 2. 　　　　　　 v. 打猎 3. 　　　　　　 n. 战争 4. 　　　　　　 n. 沙暴 5. 　　　　　　 n. 解决办法 6. 　　　　　　 v. 刮；吹 7. 　　　　　　 n. （统称）一代人 1. hunt—　　　　　　（名词，猎人）　　　　 2. blow—　　　　　　（过去式） 3. solution—　　　　　　（动词）　 4. live—　　　　　　（形容词，活着的；继续存在） 1. 　　　　　　　　 吹走 2. 　　　　　　　　 把……变成…… 3. 　　　　　　　　 一群 4. 　　　　　　　　 在……中间 5. 　　　　　　　　 到达（大地方） 6. 　　　　　　　　 在……的北部 7. 　　　　　　　　 在19世纪　 8. 　　　　　　　　 种树 9. 　　　　　　　　 休息一下　　 10. 　　　　　　　　 使某人活着 11. 　　　　　　　　 在……顶部　 12. 　　　　　　　　 问题的答案 1. 几百年来，皇帝们都会去那里打猎。For 　　　　　　　　， the emperors went there　　　　　　　　. 2. 发生了森林火灾和战争，而且人们砍伐了许多树木。 There were forest fires and wars, and 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3. 塞罕坝逐渐变成了一片沙漠。Saihanba 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4. 他们在沙漠中心发现了一棵老树。They found an old tree 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 5. 多亏了他们，塞罕坝再次变得绿意盎然。　　　　　　　　， Saihanba 　　　　　　　　. 6. 这片森林有助于为首都提供洁净的水源，现在北京地区的沙尘暴也更少了。 The forest 　　　　　　　　 the capital 　　　　　　　　， and there are fewer sandstorms in the Beijing area now. 核心单词　1. emperor　2. hunt　3. war　4. sandstorm　5. solution　6. blow　7. generation 单词变形　1. hunter　2. blew　3. solve　4. alive 核心短语　1. blow away　2. turn… into…　3. a group of　4. in the middle of　5. arrive in　6. in the north of　7. in the 1800s　8. plant trees9. have a rest　10. keep sb.alive　11. on top of　12. the answer to the question 重点句型　1. hundreds of years；to hunt　2. people cut down many trees　3. slowly turned into a desert　4. in the middle of the desert5. Thanks to them；is green again　6. helps provide；with clean water 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$