（预习部分）第04讲 Unit 4（知识全梳理&考点精准练）-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（鲁教版五四制）

第04讲Unit4（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：知识图谱助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、词汇导学 1.prefer v. 更喜欢 表示在两者或多者中“更喜欢；宁愿” ，prefer的过去式和过去分词均为preferred，现在分词为preferring。 1） “prefer + 名词/代词” ，如：I prefer coffee.（我更喜欢咖啡 。 ） 2）“prefer to do sth” ，强调特定情境下“更喜欢做某事” ，如：I prefer to stay at home today.（我今天更喜欢待在家 。 ） 3）“prefer doing sth” ，侧重长期、习惯性的偏好 ，如：She prefers reading books in her free time.（她空闲时更喜欢读书 。 ） 4） “prefer A to B” ，“比起B更喜欢A” ，A、B形式需一致（名词/动名词） ，如：I prefer apples to bananas.（比起香蕉我更喜欢苹果 。 ）/ He prefers swimming to running.（比起跑步他更喜欢游泳 。 ） 5） “prefer to do sth rather than do sth” ，“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事” ，如：He prefers to walk to school rather than take the bus.（他宁愿走路去学校也不愿坐公交 。 ） prefer记忆口诀：prefer 用法多，要记牢将“to”分。to 为介词，to前to 后双胞胎(形式一致)。to为不定式符号，其后干净加原形。 2.Australian adj. 澳大利亚（人）的 n. 澳大利亚人 【拓展】 Australia（n. 澳大利亚 ），如：I want to visit Australia.（我想去游览澳大利亚 。 ） 3.electronic adj. 电子的；电子设备的 修饰名词，说明物品属性 ，如：electronic products（电子产品 ）；electronic music（电子音乐 ） 相关短语：“electronic device”（电子设备 ） 【拓展】 electronics（n. 电子学；电子设备 ），如：He majors in electronics.（他主修电子学 。 ） 4.smooth adj. 悦耳的；平滑的 形容物体表面“平滑的；光滑的” ，如：The table has a smooth surface.（这张桌子表面很光滑 。 ） 形容声音“悦耳的；平稳流畅的” ，如：She has a smooth voice.（她的嗓音很悦耳 。 ） 【拓展】 smoothly（adv. 平滑地；顺利地 ），如：The car runs smoothly on the road.（汽车在路上平稳行驶 。 ） 5.spare adj. 空闲的；不用的 修饰名词，说明时间、物品等状态 ，如：spare time（空闲时间 ）；spare parts（备用零件 ） v. 抽出；留出，如：Can you spare some time for a walk?（你能抽出点时间去散步吗？ ）；He spared some money to buy books.（他留出些钱买书 。 ） 【拓展】 相关短语：“in one’s spare time”（在某人空闲时间 ） sparing（adj. 节约的；吝啬的 ），如：a sparing person（一个节俭的人 ） ；sparely（adv. 节俭地；少量地 ） 5.stick v. (stuck /stʌk/，stuck) 粘贴；将……刺入” 如：Stick the picture on the wall.（把画贴到墙上 。 ）；He stuck the needle into the cloth.（他把针刺入布料 。 ） 6.down adj. 悲哀；沮丧 常作表语，描述人的情绪状态 ，如：He’s feeling down because he failed the exam.（他因为考试不及格而心情沮丧 。 ） 【拓展】 相关短语：let---down  使失望；辜负 及物动词短语，常用 “let sb down” 结构（sb 为人称代词时常用宾格，如 “let me/him/her down” ） 。 如，Don't worry, I won't let you down.（别担心，我不会让你失望的 。 ） His lazy attitude let down the whole team.（他懒散的态度辜负了整个团队 。 ） 7.ending /ˈendɪŋ/ n. （故事、电影等的）结尾；结局 如：The movie has a surprising ending.（这部电影有个惊人的结局 。 ） 【拓展】 end（v. & n. 结束；末尾 ），如：End the meeting on time.（按时结束会议 。 ）/ at the end of the road（在路的尽头 ） ；endless（adj. 无止境的；没完没了的 ），如：endless work（没完没了的工作 ） 8.shut v. (shut，shut) 关闭；关上 Shut the door, please.（请关上门 。 ） 【拓展】 常用短语 1）“shut off”（关闭；停止运转 ，文中已出现 ），如：Shut off the electricity before repairing the socket.（修理插座前关掉电源 。 ） ；“shut down”（（工厂、机器等）关闭；停业 ），如：The factory shut down due to lack of orders.（工厂因订单不足停业 。 ） 2）“shut up”（住口；闭嘴 ，口语化 ），如：Shut up! I’m trying to think.（住口！我在思考呢 。 ） 9.intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 有才智的；聪明的 修饰人或动物，说明智力、智慧方面的特质 ，如：an intelligent student（一个聪明的学生 ）；intelligent animals like dolphins（像海豚这样聪明的动物 ） 【拓展】 intelligence（n. 智力；智慧；情报 ），如：IQ is short for intelligence quotient.（IQ是智商的缩写 。 ） 以下是这些单词的用法、短语及词性变化等内容： 10.sadness n. 悲伤；悲痛 不可数名词，用于描述内心哀伤、悲痛的情绪状态，在句中可作主语、宾语等 。 Sadness filled her eyes when she heard the bad news.（听到坏消息时，悲伤涌上她的眼眸 。 ）/ He couldn’t hide his sadness after failing the exam.（考试失利后，他藏不住自己的悲伤 。 ） 【拓展】 sad（adj. 悲伤的 ），如：a sad story（一个悲伤的故事 ） ；sadly（adv. 悲伤地；难过地 ），如：She looked at him sadly.（她难过地看着他 。 ） 11.pain /peɪn/ n. 痛苦；疼痛；苦恼 作“疼痛”讲时，可指身体某部位的疼，可数或不可数（常用单数表具体某处疼，不可数表笼统疼痛 ），如：I have a pain in my stomach.（我胃疼 。 ）/ His body was full of pain after the accident.（事故后，他浑身疼痛 。 ） 作“痛苦；苦恼”讲时，不可数，侧重精神层面 ，如：The loss brought him great pain.（这次失去给他带来巨大痛苦 。 ） 【拓展】 painful adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的 The experience was painful for her.（这段经历对她来说很痛苦 。 ） 12.reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 反映；映出 如：The lake reflects the mountains clearly.（湖水清晰映出山峦 。 ） This report reflects the real situation of the company.（这份报告反映了公司的真实情况 。 ） 13.moving /ˈmuːvɪŋ/ adj. 动人的；令人感动的 修饰事物（如故事、电影、场景等 ），说明其具有打动人、引发情感共鸣的特质 ，如：a moving movie（一部动人的电影 ）；The moving speech made everyone cry.（这场动人的演讲让所有人落泪 。 ） 【拓展】 move（v. 移动；使感动 ），如：Move the chair to the corner.（把椅子移到角落 。 ）/ His words moved her deeply.（他的话深深打动了她 。 ） ；moved（adj. 感动的 ，常修饰人 ），如：a moved audience（被感动的观众 ） ；movement（n. 移动；活动；运动 ），如：the movement of the planets（行星的运动 ）/ a social movement（一场社会运动 ） 14.perform /pəˈfɔː(r)m/ v. 表演；执行 She performs magic tricks on the stage.（她在舞台上表演魔术 。 ） The machine performs well.（这台机器运行良好 ，这里引申为“（机器）发挥功能 ） 。 【拓展】 performance（n. 表演；表现；执行 ），如：give a great performance（进行精彩表演 ）/ his performance at work（他工作中的表现 ） ；performer（n. 表演者；演员 ），如：a talented performer（有天赋的表演者 ） 15. pity n. 遗憾；怜悯 常用句型“It’s a pity that...”（很遗憾…… ），如：It’s a pity that you can’t come to the party.（很遗憾你没法来参加派对 。 ） 16.praise /preɪz/ v. 赞扬；称赞 如：praise a student for his hard work（因学生努力学习而表扬他 ） veryone praises the beautiful scenery here.（大家都夸赞这里的美景 。 ） 17.wound n. 伤；伤口；v. 使（身体）受伤；伤害（感情等，引申义 ） 如：a bullet wound（枪伤 ）；The wound on his arm is healing.（他胳膊上的伤口在愈合 。 ） The knife wounded his hand.（刀划伤了他的手 。 ） 18.in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话 作连词短语，用于句首或句中，承接前文情况，引出相应行动/判断 ， 如：You don’t like the movie? In that case, let’s watch something else.（你不喜欢这部电影？既然那样，咱们看别的吧 。 ） 19.stick to 坚持；固守 后接名词、代词或动名词，表“坚持（观点、做法、承诺等）” ，如：Stick to your decision; don’t change easily.（坚持你的决定，别轻易改变 。 ）；He sticks to running every morning.（他坚持每天早上跑步 。 ） 20. plenty of 大量；充足 后接可数名词复数（如plenty of apples ）或不可数名词（如plenty of milk ），在句中作定语修饰名词 ，如：There are plenty of opportunities in this city.（这座城市有大量机会 。 ） 21.shut off 关闭；停止运转 后接“电源、水流、机器”等名词，表切断供应、让设备停止 ，如：Shut off the gas when you finish cooking.（做完饭关掉燃气 。 ） 22.once in a while 偶尔地；间或 作副词短语，修饰动词或整个句子，表动作发生频率低、不规律 ，如：I go to the cinema once in a while.（我偶尔去看电影 。 ） 23.in total 总共；合计 作副词短语，用于句首、句中或句尾，说明数量、金额等的总和情况 ，如：In total, we need 100 yuan for the activity.（这次活动我们总共需要100元 。 ）/ They spent 500 dollars in total on the trip.（这次旅行他们总共花了500美元 。 ） 二、句型导学 1. I like music that I can dance to. 我喜欢能跟着跳舞的音乐。（教材P25） along with 连同……一起；伴随着 along with与together with同义。 e.g. I will go along with you.我将和你一起去。 The students planted trees along with teachers.学生和老师们一起植树。 当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如with，along with，together with等时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。 e.g. I along with my mother am going shopping. 我和妈妈准备去购物。 2.I love music that I can sing along with.我喜欢能跟着唱歌的音乐。（教材P25） 3. dance to 跟着……跳舞 e.g. Everybody is dancing to the music.大家都在跟着音乐跳舞。 此处的to作介词，指“随着；和着；与……一致”，与along with意义相似。 e.g. We are doing eye exercises to music. 我们正随着音乐做眼保健操。 to作“与……一致；适于”讲时，后面还可以接表示喜好、品味的名词。 e.g. You can add sugar to your taste. 你可以根据你的口味加糖。 3.While some people stick to only one kind of movie , I like to watch different kinds depending on how I feel that day . 有些人只钟情于一种电影，但我喜欢根据当天的心情看不同类型的影片。（教材P25） 1）while 在此处引导让步状语从句，表“尽管；虽然”，对比两种人的观影习惯。 例：While she likes coffee, I prefer tea.（她喜欢咖啡，而我更喜欢茶。） 2）stick to：固定搭配，意为“坚持；固守”，后接名词/动名词。 例：He sticks to his daily exercise routine.（他坚持日常锻炼。） 3）depend on：“取决于；依靠”，后接名词/从句，此处“depending on how I feel”作伴随状语。 例：Our plans depend on the weather.（我们的计划取决于天气。） 4..---,but under the beauty I sensed a strong sadness and pain. 但是在美丽之下，我感受到了强烈的悲伤与痛苦。（教材P30） sense 作动词“感觉到”，后接名词短语“a strong sadness and pain”， under the beauty 介宾短语作状语，表“在美好表象之下”。 5.---,but it was one of the most moving pieces of music that I’ve ever heard.但是它是我听过的最动人的乐曲之一。（教材P30） 1）one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数：固定结构，表“最……之一”，如“one of the most popular songs”。 2） that I’ve ever heard 是定语从句，修饰“music”，当先行词被最高级修饰时，关系词只能用“that”。 3） moving 为形容词“动人的”，由动词“move”（感动）+ ing 构成，类似“interesting/exciting”。 6.The erhu sounded so sad that I almost cried along with it as I listened. 二胡的声音如此悲伤，以至于我听的时候几乎跟着哭了。（教材P30） so...that... 结果状语从句，表“如此……以至于……”，结构为“so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句”。 例：He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up.（他跑得太快，我追不上。） 【拓展】“so that”引导目的状语从句（表“为了；以便”） 主句 + so that + 从句（从句中常含情态动词，如can/could/may/might/should等）。 例：He studies hard so that he can enter a good university.（他努力学习，为了能考上好大学。） She got up early so that she might not miss the bus.（她早起，以免错过公交车。） 【易混句型对比】 so that（目的） She saved money so that she could buy a car.（她存钱，为了买车。） 为了…… so...that（结果） She saved so much money that she bought a car.（她存了太多钱，结果买了车。） 如此……以至于…… 三、语法导学 The Attributive Clause（定语从句） 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句通常置于它修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。例如： I like music that I can dance to. Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music. 上面两句中的music和musicians是定语从句所修饰的词，叫做先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who（宾格whom，所有格whose）和关系副词where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又代替先行词担当定语从句的一个成分。 初中阶段重点掌握由关系代词引导的定语从句，具体如下： 关系代词 例句 that在从句中作主语或宾语 指代人或物 I love movies that are funny.（作主语） April Fool's Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world.（作主语） Everything (that) you learn becomes a part of you and changes you. （作宾语） That's the man (that) you are looking for. Which在从句中作主语或宾语 指物 The book which is on the table is mine.（作主语） The story (which) he told was very interesting.（作宾语 Who,whom分别在从句中作主语和宾语 指人 I'd like to congratulate all the students who are here today.（作主语） I love singers who write their own music. （作主语） The person to whom you just spoke is Mr. Li.（作宾语） 注：关系代词在句中作宾语时，常可省略。 阅读填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What Do You Feel Like Watching Today ? While some people stick to only one kind of movie , I like to watch different kinds depending on how I feel that day . When I ' m down or tired , I prefer movies1.________ can cheer me up . Comedies like Men in Black or cartoons like Kung Fu Panda have funny dialog and usually have a happy 2._______(end) . The characters may not be perfect , but they try their best 3._________(solve) their problems . After I watch them , my problems suddenly seem less serious and I feel much better again . Laughing for two hours is a good way to relax ! I don ' t watch dramas or documentaries 4._________when I ' m sad or tired . Dramas like Titanic make me feel even 5.________(sad). Documentaries like March of the Penguins 6._________provide plenty of information about a certain subject can be interesting , but when I ' m tired I don ' t want to think too much . I don ' t mind action movies like Spider - Man when I ' m too tired to think . I can just shut off my brain , sit back and enjoy 7._______(watch) some exciting 8 __________(superhero) who always saves the world just in time . Once 9.________a while , I like to watch movies that are scary . They can be fun , but I ' m too scared to watch them alone. I always bring a friend 10.________who isn’t afraid of these kinds of movies , and it doesn’t feel so scary anymore . 考点1 定语从句 1. Linda prefers musicians who ______ different kinds of music. A. play B. plays C. was playing D. is playing 2.A true friend is a person ______ can help you when you are in trouble. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 3.—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies ______ make me feel happy and relaxed. A. what B. which C. who D. / 4.Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story ______ I have ever read. A. who B. where C. that D. what 5.A true friend is a person ______ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 6.Su Bingtian is a player ______ runs fastest in China at present. A. which B. who C. what D. where 考点2 prefer的用法 1.—What a heavy rain! —So it is. I prefer ___________ at home ___________ on such a rainy day. （09扬州） A. watch TV; to go out B. watch TV; go out C. watching TV; to going out D. to watch TV; going out 2.They preferred_____ rather than_____a bike. A.to walk; to ride B.walking;riding C.to walk;ride 考点3 one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数 1.Xi'an is one of capital in China. A. older, city B. the older, city C. oldest, cities D. the oldest, cities 2.Tian’anmen Square is one of ______ squares in the world. A. large B. larger      C. largest       D. the largest 3.Beijing, the capital of China, is one of __________ cities in the world. A. the biggest B. bigger C. much bigger D. big 考点4 so that 与 so---that 1.You have to leave now________you can catch the early bus. A.so that B.as soon as C.because D.if 2.The teacher speaks very loudly all the students can hear her. A. so that B. because C. since D. when 3.I don’t like Xiao Shenyang’s performances ________ many people like them. A. as if B. as for C. so that D. even though 4.They develop their skills _________ they can do things better and better. A however B because C since D so that 5.---Did you catch what the teacher said? ---No. She spoke so fast _______ I couldn’t hear her very clearly. A. which B. that C. when D. since 知识图谱记忆 Unit 4 I like music that I can dance to 单元重点单词 prefer lyrics Australian electronic smooth spare case war stick down ending intelligent sense sadness pain reflect moving perform pity master praise recall wound painful 单元重点短语 in that case stick to plenty of hut off once in a while n total 单元重点句型 What kind of music do you like? I love music that/which I can sing along with. What kind of groups does Xu Fei like? He prefers groups that/which play quiet and slow songs. What kind of movies do you like? I prefer movies that/which give me something to think about. What kind of musicians does Carmen like? She likes musicians who play different kinds of music. 单元语法 定语从句 一、单项选择 1.______, there are 50 students in our class. A. In all B. In total C. In fact D. In short 2.— Which do you ______, coffee or tea? — Tea. It tastes more natural. A. forget B. prefer C. create D. control 3.I like the song ______ because they are very meaningful. A. stories B. lyrics C. skills D. tasks 4.Do you have ______ time to help me with my math homework? A. extra B. spare C. busy D. full 5.Don't forget to ______ the lights when you leave the room. A. turn on B. shut off C. put out D. give up 6.The woman astronaut ______ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang. A. which B. whose C. who D. whom 7.—Who is the hero in your mind? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist ______ has helped China make great progress in deep - sea exploration (勘探). A.where B. which C. who D.what 8.A best friend is a person ______ is always there when you need him or her. As the saying goes, "A friend in need is a friend indeed." A. whom B. whose C. who D. which 9.I will remember the important people ______ helped and supported me in my life. A. which B. whose C. whom D. who 10.Lots of Chinese young people ______ were born after 1995 use door - to - door cooking to save time. A. that B. those C. which D. / 11.No matter what happens, we should ______ our dreams. A. give up B. stick to C. put off D. take up 12.Lang Lang is a ______ of the piano. He plays it very well. A. student B. master C. fan D. beginner 13.— I missed the concert. — What a ______! It was really wonderful. A. shame B. joy C. surprise D. pity 14.The robot is so ______ that it can answer many difficult questions. A. foolish B. lazy C. intelligent D. shy 15.I could ______ that my mother was angry from her voice. A. hear B. see C. sense D. touch 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My elder sister and I were in the same school. She was different. She was so ____1____ that she couldn’t even look at people in the eye. So I never told anyone ____2____ that she was my sister. However, one thing happened just two years ago. It changed ____3____ I viewed her. It also changed me. Before graduation, the school asked everyone to give a show. ____4____ my sister was unable to work with others, she was the only one left without a group. So she had to do it ____5____.“I will sing,” my sister told my parents and invited me to watch it. Hearing that, I was ____6____. How could my sister, who was so shy, sing in front of the school? I knew very well that if I ____7____ this to happen, she and I would become a joke. But she insisted. The big day came. I sat in the seat telling myself, “It is fine. ____8____ knows she is your sister.” The show started. My sister ____9____ in front of us. It took her almost a whole minute to tell her name and class! “Why is she taking so long?” People around me became ____10____. I felt nervous seat, hoping I was somewhere else. ____11____, my sister started to sing. She opened her mouth, and I couldn’t believe it—it was perfect and beautiful! Her show went ____12____ . It won high praise from all the students and teachers. At that moment, I realized that I was wrong. How could I ____13____ my sister’s abilities? ____14____ filled my heart as I listened to the song. Although she knew that I was not ____15____ to watch her show, she still forgave(原谅) me. She never took anything that I did to her to heart. It was then that I decided to love her completely. 1. A. worried B. shy C. proud D. cool 2. A. in all B. in place C. in public D. in fear 3. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 4. A. Since B. If C. Unless D. Though 5. A. fast B. alone C. slowly D. heavily 6. A. satisfied B. excited C. surprised D. relaxed 7. A. expected B. advised C. forced D. allowed 8. A. Anybody B. Nobody C. Somebody D. Everybody 9. A. appeared B. cheered C. practised D. returned 10. A. strange B. interesting C. careful D. impatient 11. A. Finally B. First C. Moreover D. Otherwise 12. A. badly B. rapidly C. suddenly D. smoothly 13. A. prove B. notice C. doubt D. accept 14. A. Warmth B. Sadness C. Shame D. Joy 15. A. able B. willing C. afraid D. lucky 三、阅读理解 Jim and Jack came from a small town. They were ceramic (陶瓷) artists and good at making pots(罐子). They heard city people liked pots, so they decided to sell their pots to a big city. Through more than ten years of hard work, they made the best pots in the town. They hired a ship to take all the pots to the city. Unluckily, the ship met a strong storm on the way. After the storm, the ship landed. All the pots were broken into pieces. The two men’s dream of becoming rich was broken along with the pots. Jim suggested that they should stay in a hotel for the night and walk around the city to enjoy the sights the next day. Jack looked at Jim in pain and asked, “You still want to go around the city? Don’t you show any care to these pots? We worked so hard to make them!” “We are unlucky enough to lose the pots. We will be more unlucky if we lose happiness,” Jim said calmly. Jack thought for a while and nodded. The next day, he followed Jim around the city and had a good time for a few days. During their stay in the city, they found by accident that people there decorated their walls with things that looked like what they used to make pots. So Jim and Jack used the broken pots to make mosaic tiles (马赛克瓷砖) and sold them to the city people. In this way, they made much money and returned home happily. 1. Where did Jim and Jack come from? A. A city. B. A town. C. A ship. D. A hotel. 2. Why didn’t Jim and Jack realize their dream according to Paragraph 3? A. Their pots were not good. B. City people didn’t like pots. C. They lost the way to the city. D. Their pots were broken into pieces. 3. What did Jim and Jack do to make money at last? A. Sell pots. B. Decorate walls. C. Make pots. D. Sell mosaic tiles. 4. What does the story mainly want to tell us? A. Knowledge is power. B. It never rains but it pours. C. Where there is an active mind, there is hope. D. The grass is always greener on the other side. 四、短文还原 Zhang Jinyuan is 94 years old. However, she has never stopped pursuing (追求) her nursing dream in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. ____1____, the highest international honor for nurses. The medal was set to remember Florence Nightingale (1820—1910) who did a lot of work educating people about the importance of keeping hospitals clean. ____2____. Recently Miss Zhang has been presented the 2023 International Achievement Award by the International Foundation. The award is offered twice a year to a practicing nurse with at least 10 years of nursing experience. ____3____: direct care, education, management or research. Up to now, she has worked in clinical (临床的) nursing for more than 40 years. ____4____ , and she has also written more than 100 nursing papers and made 37 nursing research projects. After her retirement (退休), she is still active in volunteering. In 2000, Miss Zhang, together with other 17 retired nurses, set up a caring center in Nanchang, providing caring service at community level. ____5____. By 2023, the center has 19,251 volunteers to provide services for more than 700,000 residents (居民). A. Today in modern hospitals this work is still carried on B. She has given more than 1,000 reports C. That’s why she lived in Hong Kong D. 20 years ago, she won the Florence Nightingale Medal E. The experience is mainly in one of the following nursing fields F. Now, more and more volunteers are joining the volunteer nursing team 五、选词填空 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处，每空一词。 help, it, with, lucky, one, piece, large, if, but, for, when In the summer of 1996, some strange-looking fossilized bones (骨骼化石) were dug up by a man in a dried-up lake. He was a farmer in the eastern part of China, who wondered: Could these be the remains (遗迹) of an ancient dragon? Not quite. Finally the study showed us that the bones actually belonged to a meat-eating dinosaur (恐龙), and 1._______ name was Sinosauropteryx prima (中华龙鸟). It was 2._______ than the size of a common chicken which lived about 120 million years ago. It was the 3.________ time to find fossils of dinosaurs in Liaoning, and it was the earliest one with feathers (羽毛). So, scientists said that Sinosauropteryx prima might have had tiny feathers, which is similar to the chicken. They have something in common! It may sound crazy 4.________ in fact not. Most scientists think today’s birds and dinosaurs are relatives. However, not everyone believes it. Many scientists wonder 5._______ some dinosaurs had feathers. Some bird scientists suggest that the feather-like structures (结构) may be 6.________ of scales (鳞片). Whatever they are, they are not the right size and shape 7.________ flying. It’s not easy to prove this because feathers are so weak that they usually rot (腐烂) away without a trace (踪迹). 8.________, the fossils showed a lot of details (细节). For the study of the relationship between birds and dinosaurs, these details are very 9.________. Yet still nobody knows 10.________ and why feathers appeared on the earth. Scientists hope to solve the puzzle (谜题) by studying the area where the fossils were found. “These beds date to a time when flowering plants and binds appeared,” says a professor. “The discovery of this area is just as important as going to Mars.” 六、书面表达 今年春季起，课间休息时间从10分钟延长至15分钟，使学生们有更多时间走出教室，走向户外，走进阳光。你校拟开展一次专题展示活动，现请你以 “School Breaks Are Longer” 为题，写一篇征文，从健康、学习等方面分析课间休息延长的好处，并分享一下你在课间做的活动及你的感受。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲Unit4（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：知识图谱助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、词汇导学 1.prefer v. 更喜欢 表示在两者或多者中“更喜欢；宁愿” ，prefer的过去式和过去分词均为preferred，现在分词为preferring。 1） “prefer + 名词/代词” ，如：I prefer coffee.（我更喜欢咖啡 。 ） 2）“prefer to do sth” ，强调特定情境下“更喜欢做某事” ，如：I prefer to stay at home today.（我今天更喜欢待在家 。 ） 3）“prefer doing sth” ，侧重长期、习惯性的偏好 ，如：She prefers reading books in her free time.（她空闲时更喜欢读书 。 ） 4） “prefer A to B” ，“比起B更喜欢A” ，A、B形式需一致（名词/动名词） ，如：I prefer apples to bananas.（比起香蕉我更喜欢苹果 。 ）/ He prefers swimming to running.（比起跑步他更喜欢游泳 。 ） 5） “prefer to do sth rather than do sth” ，“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事” ，如：He prefers to walk to school rather than take the bus.（他宁愿走路去学校也不愿坐公交 。 ） prefer记忆口诀：prefer 用法多，要记牢将“to”分。to 为介词，to前to 后双胞胎(形式一致)。to为不定式符号，其后干净加原形。 2.Australian adj. 澳大利亚（人）的 n. 澳大利亚人 【拓展】 Australia（n. 澳大利亚 ），如：I want to visit Australia.（我想去游览澳大利亚 。 ） 3.electronic adj. 电子的；电子设备的 修饰名词，说明物品属性 ，如：electronic products（电子产品 ）；electronic music（电子音乐 ） 相关短语：“electronic device”（电子设备 ） 【拓展】 electronics（n. 电子学；电子设备 ），如：He majors in electronics.（他主修电子学 。 ） 4.smooth adj. 悦耳的；平滑的 形容物体表面“平滑的；光滑的” ，如：The table has a smooth surface.（这张桌子表面很光滑 。 ） 形容声音“悦耳的；平稳流畅的” ，如：She has a smooth voice.（她的嗓音很悦耳 。 ） 【拓展】 smoothly（adv. 平滑地；顺利地 ），如：The car runs smoothly on the road.（汽车在路上平稳行驶 。 ） 5.spare adj. 空闲的；不用的 修饰名词，说明时间、物品等状态 ，如：spare time（空闲时间 ）；spare parts（备用零件 ） v. 抽出；留出，如：Can you spare some time for a walk?（你能抽出点时间去散步吗？ ）；He spared some money to buy books.（他留出些钱买书 。 ） 【拓展】 相关短语：“in one’s spare time”（在某人空闲时间 ） sparing（adj. 节约的；吝啬的 ），如：a sparing person（一个节俭的人 ） ；sparely（adv. 节俭地；少量地 ） 5.stick v. (stuck /stʌk/，stuck) 粘贴；将……刺入” 如：Stick the picture on the wall.（把画贴到墙上 。 ）；He stuck the needle into the cloth.（他把针刺入布料 。 ） 6.down adj. 悲哀；沮丧 常作表语，描述人的情绪状态 ，如：He’s feeling down because he failed the exam.（他因为考试不及格而心情沮丧 。 ） 【拓展】 相关短语：let---down  使失望；辜负 及物动词短语，常用 “let sb down” 结构（sb 为人称代词时常用宾格，如 “let me/him/her down” ） 。 如，Don't worry, I won't let you down.（别担心，我不会让你失望的 。 ） His lazy attitude let down the whole team.（他懒散的态度辜负了整个团队 。 ） 7.ending /ˈendɪŋ/ n. （故事、电影等的）结尾；结局 如：The movie has a surprising ending.（这部电影有个惊人的结局 。 ） 【拓展】 end（v. & n. 结束；末尾 ），如：End the meeting on time.（按时结束会议 。 ）/ at the end of the road（在路的尽头 ） ；endless（adj. 无止境的；没完没了的 ），如：endless work（没完没了的工作 ） 8.shut v. (shut，shut) 关闭；关上 Shut the door, please.（请关上门 。 ） 【拓展】 常用短语 1）“shut off”（关闭；停止运转 ，文中已出现 ），如：Shut off the electricity before repairing the socket.（修理插座前关掉电源 。 ） ；“shut down”（（工厂、机器等）关闭；停业 ），如：The factory shut down due to lack of orders.（工厂因订单不足停业 。 ） 2）“shut up”（住口；闭嘴 ，口语化 ），如：Shut up! I’m trying to think.（住口！我在思考呢 。 ） 9.intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 有才智的；聪明的 修饰人或动物，说明智力、智慧方面的特质 ，如：an intelligent student（一个聪明的学生 ）；intelligent animals like dolphins（像海豚这样聪明的动物 ） 【拓展】 intelligence（n. 智力；智慧；情报 ），如：IQ is short for intelligence quotient.（IQ是智商的缩写 。 ） 以下是这些单词的用法、短语及词性变化等内容： 10.sadness n. 悲伤；悲痛 不可数名词，用于描述内心哀伤、悲痛的情绪状态，在句中可作主语、宾语等 。 Sadness filled her eyes when she heard the bad news.（听到坏消息时，悲伤涌上她的眼眸 。 ）/ He couldn’t hide his sadness after failing the exam.（考试失利后，他藏不住自己的悲伤 。 ） 【拓展】 sad（adj. 悲伤的 ），如：a sad story（一个悲伤的故事 ） ；sadly（adv. 悲伤地；难过地 ），如：She looked at him sadly.（她难过地看着他 。 ） 11.pain /peɪn/ n. 痛苦；疼痛；苦恼 作“疼痛”讲时，可指身体某部位的疼，可数或不可数（常用单数表具体某处疼，不可数表笼统疼痛 ），如：I have a pain in my stomach.（我胃疼 。 ）/ His body was full of pain after the accident.（事故后，他浑身疼痛 。 ） 作“痛苦；苦恼”讲时，不可数，侧重精神层面 ，如：The loss brought him great pain.（这次失去给他带来巨大痛苦 。 ） 【拓展】 painful adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的 The experience was painful for her.（这段经历对她来说很痛苦 。 ） 12.reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 反映；映出 如：The lake reflects the mountains clearly.（湖水清晰映出山峦 。 ） This report reflects the real situation of the company.（这份报告反映了公司的真实情况 。 ） 13.moving /ˈmuːvɪŋ/ adj. 动人的；令人感动的 修饰事物（如故事、电影、场景等 ），说明其具有打动人、引发情感共鸣的特质 ，如：a moving movie（一部动人的电影 ）；The moving speech made everyone cry.（这场动人的演讲让所有人落泪 。 ） 【拓展】 move（v. 移动；使感动 ），如：Move the chair to the corner.（把椅子移到角落 。 ）/ His words moved her deeply.（他的话深深打动了她 。 ） ；moved（adj. 感动的 ，常修饰人 ），如：a moved audience（被感动的观众 ） ；movement（n. 移动；活动；运动 ），如：the movement of the planets（行星的运动 ）/ a social movement（一场社会运动 ） 14.perform /pəˈfɔː(r)m/ v. 表演；执行 She performs magic tricks on the stage.（她在舞台上表演魔术 。 ） The machine performs well.（这台机器运行良好 ，这里引申为“（机器）发挥功能 ） 。 【拓展】 performance（n. 表演；表现；执行 ），如：give a great performance（进行精彩表演 ）/ his performance at work（他工作中的表现 ） ；performer（n. 表演者；演员 ），如：a talented performer（有天赋的表演者 ） 15. pity n. 遗憾；怜悯 常用句型“It’s a pity that...”（很遗憾…… ），如：It’s a pity that you can’t come to the party.（很遗憾你没法来参加派对 。 ） 16.praise /preɪz/ v. 赞扬；称赞 如：praise a student for his hard work（因学生努力学习而表扬他 ） veryone praises the beautiful scenery here.（大家都夸赞这里的美景 。 ） 17.wound n. 伤；伤口；v. 使（身体）受伤；伤害（感情等，引申义 ） 如：a bullet wound（枪伤 ）；The wound on his arm is healing.（他胳膊上的伤口在愈合 。 ） The knife wounded his hand.（刀划伤了他的手 。 ） 18.in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话 作连词短语，用于句首或句中，承接前文情况，引出相应行动/判断 ， 如：You don’t like the movie? In that case, let’s watch something else.（你不喜欢这部电影？既然那样，咱们看别的吧 。 ） 19.stick to 坚持；固守 后接名词、代词或动名词，表“坚持（观点、做法、承诺等）” ，如：Stick to your decision; don’t change easily.（坚持你的决定，别轻易改变 。 ）；He sticks to running every morning.（他坚持每天早上跑步 。 ） 20. plenty of 大量；充足 后接可数名词复数（如plenty of apples ）或不可数名词（如plenty of milk ），在句中作定语修饰名词 ，如：There are plenty of opportunities in this city.（这座城市有大量机会 。 ） 21.shut off 关闭；停止运转 后接“电源、水流、机器”等名词，表切断供应、让设备停止 ，如：Shut off the gas when you finish cooking.（做完饭关掉燃气 。 ） 22.once in a while 偶尔地；间或 作副词短语，修饰动词或整个句子，表动作发生频率低、不规律 ，如：I go to the cinema once in a while.（我偶尔去看电影 。 ） 23.in total 总共；合计 作副词短语，用于句首、句中或句尾，说明数量、金额等的总和情况 ，如：In total, we need 100 yuan for the activity.（这次活动我们总共需要100元 。 ）/ They spent 500 dollars in total on the trip.（这次旅行他们总共花了500美元 。 ） 二、句型导学 1. I like music that I can dance to. 我喜欢能跟着跳舞的音乐。（教材P25） along with 连同……一起；伴随着 along with与together with同义。 e.g. I will go along with you.我将和你一起去。 The students planted trees along with teachers.学生和老师们一起植树。 当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如with，along with，together with等时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。 e.g. I along with my mother am going shopping. 我和妈妈准备去购物。 2.I love music that I can sing along with.我喜欢能跟着唱歌的音乐。（教材P25） 3. dance to 跟着……跳舞 e.g. Everybody is dancing to the music.大家都在跟着音乐跳舞。 此处的to作介词，指“随着；和着；与……一致”，与along with意义相似。 e.g. We are doing eye exercises to music. 我们正随着音乐做眼保健操。 to作“与……一致；适于”讲时，后面还可以接表示喜好、品味的名词。 e.g. You can add sugar to your taste. 你可以根据你的口味加糖。 3.While some people stick to only one kind of movie , I like to watch different kinds depending on how I feel that day . 有些人只钟情于一种电影，但我喜欢根据当天的心情看不同类型的影片。（教材P25） 1）while 在此处引导让步状语从句，表“尽管；虽然”，对比两种人的观影习惯。 例：While she likes coffee, I prefer tea.（她喜欢咖啡，而我更喜欢茶。） 2）stick to：固定搭配，意为“坚持；固守”，后接名词/动名词。 例：He sticks to his daily exercise routine.（他坚持日常锻炼。） 3）depend on：“取决于；依靠”，后接名词/从句，此处“depending on how I feel”作伴随状语。 例：Our plans depend on the weather.（我们的计划取决于天气。） 4..---,but under the beauty I sensed a strong sadness and pain. 但是在美丽之下，我感受到了强烈的悲伤与痛苦。（教材P30） sense 作动词“感觉到”，后接名词短语“a strong sadness and pain”， under the beauty 介宾短语作状语，表“在美好表象之下”。 5.---,but it was one of the most moving pieces of music that I’ve ever heard.但是它是我听过的最动人的乐曲之一。（教材P30） 1）one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数：固定结构，表“最……之一”，如“one of the most popular songs”。 2） that I’ve ever heard 是定语从句，修饰“music”，当先行词被最高级修饰时，关系词只能用“that”。 3） moving 为形容词“动人的”，由动词“move”（感动）+ ing 构成，类似“interesting/exciting”。 6.The erhu sounded so sad that I almost cried along with it as I listened. 二胡的声音如此悲伤，以至于我听的时候几乎跟着哭了。（教材P30） so...that... 结果状语从句，表“如此……以至于……”，结构为“so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句”。 例：He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up.（他跑得太快，我追不上。） 【拓展】“so that”引导目的状语从句（表“为了；以便”） 主句 + so that + 从句（从句中常含情态动词，如can/could/may/might/should等）。 例：He studies hard so that he can enter a good university.（他努力学习，为了能考上好大学。） She got up early so that she might not miss the bus.（她早起，以免错过公交车。） 【易混句型对比】 so that（目的） She saved money so that she could buy a car.（她存钱，为了买车。） 为了…… so...that（结果） She saved so much money that she bought a car.（她存了太多钱，结果买了车。） 如此……以至于…… 三、语法导学 The Attributive Clause（定语从句） 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句通常置于它修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。例如： I like music that I can dance to. Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music. 上面两句中的music和musicians是定语从句所修饰的词，叫做先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who（宾格whom，所有格whose）和关系副词where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又代替先行词担当定语从句的一个成分。 初中阶段重点掌握由关系代词引导的定语从句，具体如下： 关系代词 例句 that在从句中作主语或宾语 指代人或物 I love movies that are funny.（作主语） April Fool's Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world.（作主语） Everything (that) you learn becomes a part of you and changes you. （作宾语） That's the man (that) you are looking for. Which在从句中作主语或宾语 指物 The book which is on the table is mine.（作主语） The story (which) he told was very interesting.（作宾语 Who,whom分别在从句中作主语和宾语 指人 I'd like to congratulate all the students who are here today.（作主语） I love singers who write their own music. （作主语） The person to whom you just spoke is Mr. Li.（作宾语） 注：关系代词在句中作宾语时，常可省略。 阅读填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What Do You Feel Like Watching Today ? While some people stick to only one kind of movie , I like to watch different kinds depending on how I feel that day . When I ' m down or tired , I prefer movies1.________ can cheer me up . Comedies like Men in Black or cartoons like Kung Fu Panda have funny dialog and usually have a happy 2._______(end) . The characters may not be perfect , but they try their best 3._________(solve) their problems . After I watch them , my problems suddenly seem less serious and I feel much better again . Laughing for two hours is a good way to relax ! I don ' t watch dramas or documentaries 4._________when I ' m sad or tired . Dramas like Titanic make me feel even 5.________(sad). Documentaries like March of the Penguins 6._________provide plenty of information about a certain subject can be interesting , but when I ' m tired I don ' t want to think too much . I don ' t mind action movies like Spider - Man when I ' m too tired to think . I can just shut off my brain , sit back and enjoy 7._______(watch) some exciting 8 __________(superhero) who always saves the world just in time . Once 9.________a while , I like to watch movies that are scary . They can be fun , but I ' m too scared to watch them alone. I always bring a friend 10.________who isn’t afraid of these kinds of movies , and it doesn’t feel so scary anymore . 答案：1. that/which；2. ending；3. to solve；4. when；5. sadder；6. which/that；7. watching；8. superheroes；9. in；10. who/that。 解析： 1. 考查定语从句。先行词是 movies，指物，在从句中作主语，可用关系代词 that/which。 2. 考查名词。happy 是形容词，修饰名词，end 的名词形式是 ending。 3. 考查固定用法。try one's best to do sth. 表示“尽某人最大努力做某事”。 4. 考查连词。根据上下文可知，当“我”难过或疲惫的时候不看戏剧或纪录片，when 在这里引导时间状语从句。 5. 考查比较级。even 常用来修饰比较级，sad 的比较级是 sadder。 6. 考查定语从句。先行词是 documentaries，指物，在从句中作主语，可用关系代词 which/that。 7. 考查固定用法。enjoy doing sth. 表示“喜欢做某事”。 8. 考查名词复数。some 后接可数名词复数，superhero 的复数是 superheroes。 9. 考查固定短语。once in a while 表示“偶尔”。 10. 考查定语从句。先行词是 a friend，指人，在从句中作主语，可用关系代词 who/that。 考点1 定语从句 1. Linda prefers musicians who ______ different kinds of music. A. play B. plays C. was playing D. is playing 2.A true friend is a person ______ can help you when you are in trouble. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 3.—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies ______ make me feel happy and relaxed. A. what B. which C. who D. / 4.Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story ______ I have ever read. A. who B. where C. that D. what 5.A true friend is a person ______ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 6.Su Bingtian is a player ______ runs fastest in China at present. A. which B. who C. what D. where 答案及解析 1. 答案：A. 解析：先行词“musicians”（音乐家）是人，关系代词who在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词的单复数需与先行词一致。“musicians”为复数，因此用动词原形“play”。 2. 答案：A. 解析：先行词“a person”是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，需用who。whom作宾语，whose表所属，which指物，均不符合。 3. 答案：B. 解析：先行词“the movies”是物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用which或that。what不能引导定语从句，who指人，省略关系代词时从句需缺宾语（此处从句缺主语，不可省略）。 4. 答案：C. 解析：先行词“story”被最高级“the best”修饰，关系代词只能用that。当先行词被最高级、序数词或不定代词修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。 5. 答案：A. 解析：先行词“a person”是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who。whom作宾语，which指物，whose表所属，均排除。 6. 答案：B. 解析：先行词“a player”是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who。which指物，what不引导定语从句，where表地点，均不符合。 【解题技巧】 1. 先找先行词，判断是人还是物： 人：用who（主语）、whom（宾语）、whose（所属）。 物：用which/that（主语或宾语）。 2. 看关系代词在从句中的成分： 作主语：不能省略关系代词（如第2、3、5、6题）。 作宾语：可省略（如“The book (that/which) I read”）。 3. 牢记特殊规则： 先行词被最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰时，只能用that（如第4题）。 先行词为人和物的组合时，只能用that。 4. 主谓一致： 从句谓语动词单复数与先行词一致（如第1题中先行词“musicians”为复数，动词用原形）。 通过“先判先行词，再看成分，最后记特殊规则”，可快速锁定正确答案 考点2 prefer的用法 1.—What a heavy rain! —So it is. I prefer ___________ at home ___________ on such a rainy day. （09扬州） A. watch TV; to go out B. watch TV; go out C. watching TV; to going out D. to watch TV; going out 2.They preferred_____ rather than_____a bike. A.to walk; to ride B.walking;riding C.to walk;ride 答案及解析 1. 答案：C. 解析：本题考查“prefer doing A to doing B”结构，表示“比起做B，更愿意做A”。句中“watching TV”和“going out”需用动名词形式，且to为介词，后接动名词，因此选C。 2. 答案：C. 解析：本题考查“prefer to do A rather than do B”结构，表示“宁愿做A，而不愿做B”。rather than后接动词原形，因此选C。 【解题技巧】 1. 牢记核心搭配： prefer doing A to doing B：比起做B，更喜欢做A（to为介词，后接动名词）。 prefer to do A rather than do B：宁愿做A，而不愿做B（rather than后接动词原形）。 prefer sth. to sth.：比起B事物，更喜欢A事物（to为介词）。 prefer to do sth.：更愿意做某事（后接不定式）。 2. 快速判断结构关键点： 看到“prefer...to...”，注意to后需接同类形式（如动名词或名词）。 看到“prefer...rather than...”，rather than后接动词原形。 若选项中同时出现“to do”和“doing”，先确定搭配中的介词或不定式符号。 考点3 one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数 1.Xi'an is one of capital in China. A. older, city B. the older, city C. oldest, cities D. the oldest, cities 2.Tian’anmen Square is one of ______ squares in the world. A. large B. larger      C. largest       D. the largest 3.Beijing, the capital of China, is one of __________ cities in the world. A. the biggest B. bigger C. much bigger D. big 答案及解析 1. 答案：D. 解析： “one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最……的……之一”。 最高级“oldest”前需加the，名词“city”用复数形式“cities”，故选D。 2. 答案：D. 解析：题干符合“one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数”结构，“large”的最高级为“largest”，前需加the，故选D。 3. 答案：A. 解析：“biggest”为最高级，前加the，符合结构要求。B（比较级）、C（比较级修饰词）、D（原级）均不符合，故选A。 【解题技巧】 1. 结构记忆三要素： 固定搭配：one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数 例：She is one of the tallest girls in the class.（她是班里最高的女生之一）。 2. 快速判断步骤： 看到“one of”，直接锁定“the + 最高级 + 名词复数”结构； 最高级前必须加the，名词用复数形式（如第1题“cities”）； 选项中若出现比较级（-er）或原级，直接排除（如第2、3题）。 3. 常见陷阱规避： 避免忽略名词复数：如误选“the oldest city”（单数），需牢记“one of”后接复数名词（表示“其中之一”）； 最高级前必须有the，不可省略（如选项中出现“oldest”无the，直接排除）。 考点4 so that 与 so---that 1.You have to leave now________you can catch the early bus. A.so that B.as soon as C.because D.if 2.The teacher speaks very loudly all the students can hear her. A. so that B. because C. since D. when 3.I don’t like Xiao Shenyang’s performances ________ many people like them. A. as if B. as for C. so that D. even though 4.They develop their skills _________ they can do things better and better. A however B because C since D so that 5.---Did you catch what the teacher said? ---No. She spoke so fast _______ I couldn’t hear her very clearly. A. which B. that C. when D. since 答案及解析 1. 答案：A. 解析：句意为“你必须现在离开，以便能赶上早班车”。 “so that”引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，符合语境。其他选项： as soon as（一……就）、because（因为）、if（如果）均不符合逻辑。 2. 答案：A. 解析： “老师大声说话，为了让所有学生都能听到”。so that引导目的状语从句，后接从句表示目的，故选A。 3. 答案：D. 解析：句意为“我不喜欢小沈阳的表演，尽管很多人喜欢”。even though（尽管）引导让步状语从句，符合语境。其他选项：as if（好像）、as for（至于）、so that（以便）均不符合。 4. 答案：D. 解析： “他们提升技能，以便能把事情做得越来越好”。so that表目的，符合句意。其他选项： however（然而）、because（因为）、since（自从/因为）均不表目的。 5. 答案：B. 解析：句中“so fast _______ I couldn’t hear”符合“so + 形容词/副词 + that...”结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，故选B。 【解题技巧】 1. 区分so that与so...that的核心用法： so that：引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，从句中常含can/could/may/might等情态动词。 例：He studies hard so that he can enter a good university.（表目的） so...that：引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，结构为“so + adj./adv. + that + 从句”。 例：He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up.（表结果） 2. 快速判断步骤： 先看从句前有无“形容词/副词”： 若有（如第5题“so fast”），则用so...that结构；若无，则考虑so that（表目的）。 看从句是否含情态动词（can/could等）： 含情态动词（如第1、2、4题），大概率选so that；不含情态动词，可能是so...that表结果。 3. 排除干扰项技巧： 看到选项中有because/since（表原因）、even though（表让步）、as if（表方式）等，先根据句意判断逻辑关系，若表目的或结果，再锁定so that或so...that。 记住“so that表目的（常带情态动词），so...that表结果（前有so+adj./adv.）”。 知识图谱记忆 Unit 4 I like music that I can dance to 单元重点单词 prefer lyrics Australian electronic smooth spare case war stick down ending intelligent sense sadness pain reflect moving perform pity master praise recall wound painful 单元重点短语 in that case stick to plenty of hut off once in a while n total 单元重点句型 What kind of music do you like? I love music that/which I can sing along with. What kind of groups does Xu Fei like? He prefers groups that/which play quiet and slow songs. What kind of movies do you like? I prefer movies that/which give me something to think about. What kind of musicians does Carmen like? She likes musicians who play different kinds of music. 单元语法 定语从句 一、单项选择 1.______, there are 50 students in our class. A. In all B. In total C. In fact D. In short 答案：B 解析：in total 是“总共；合计” ，说班级学生总数；In all（总共，和“in total” 语义相近 ，但题目要求用所给短语 ）、In fact（事实上）、In short（简而言之），答案选 B 。 2.— Which do you ______, coffee or tea? — Tea. It tastes more natural. A. forget B. prefer C. create D. control 答案：B 解析：prefer 意为“更喜欢” ，符合 “在咖啡和茶里选更喜欢哪个” 的语境；forget（忘记）、create（创造）、control（控制）均不符合，答案选 B 。 3.I like the song ______ because they are very meaningful. A. stories B. lyrics C. skills D. tasks 答案：B 解析：lyrics 指“歌词” ，说喜欢歌曲歌词有意义；stories（故事）、skills（技能）、tasks（任务）不符合，答案选 B 。 4.Do you have ______ time to help me with my math homework? A. extra B. spare C. busy D. full 答案：B 解析：spare 作形容词有“空闲的” 意思，问是否有空帮忙；extra（额外的，侧重额外 ，但此处“spare time”是常用表达 ）、busy（忙碌的）、full（满的），答案选 B 。 5.Don't forget to ______ the lights when you leave the room. A. turn on B. shut off C. put out D. give up 答案：B 解析：shut off 是“关闭；停止运转” ，离开房间关灯；turn on（打开）、put out（扑灭；熄灭 ，侧重灭火等 ）、give up（放弃）不符合，答案选 B 。 6.The woman astronaut ______ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang. A. which B. whose C. who D. whom 答案：C. 解析：先行词为“the woman astronaut（女宇航员）”，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语（“______ gave us a lesson”）。指人作主语时，用关系代词who，故选C。 7.—Who is the hero in your mind? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist ______ has helped China make great progress in deep - sea exploration (勘探). A. where B. which C. who D.what 答案：C. 解析：先行词为“a scientist（科学家）”，指人，关系词在从句中作主语（“______ has helped China...”）。 指人作主语用who，排除A（where表地点）、B（which指物）、D（what不引导定语从句）。 8.A best friend is a person ______ is always there when you need him or her. As the saying goes, "A friend in need is a friend indeed." A. whom B. whose C. who D. which 答案：C. 解析：先行词为“a person（人）”，关系词在从句中作主语（“______ is always there”）。指人作主语用who，排除A（whom作宾语）、B（whose表所属）、D（which指物）。 9. I will remember the important people ______ helped and supported me in my life. A. which B. whose C. whom D. who 答案：D. 解析：先行词为“the important people（重要的人）”，指人，关系词在从句中作主语（“______ helped and supported me”）。指人作主语用who，排除A（which指物）、B（whose表所属）、C（whom作宾语）。 10.Lots of Chinese young people ______ were born after 1995 use door - to - door cooking to save time. A. that B. those C. which D. / 答案：A. 解析：先行词为“young people（年轻人）”，指人，关系词在从句中作主语（“______ were born after 1995”）。 指人作主语时，可用who或that，选项中只有that，故选A。 11.No matter what happens, we should ______ our dreams. A. give up B. stick to C. put off D. take up 答案：B 解析：stick to 是“坚持；固守” ，无论啥情况坚持梦想；give up（放弃）、put off（推迟）、take up（开始从事；占据 ）不符合，答案选 B 。 12.Lang Lang is a ______ of the piano. He plays it very well. A. student B. master C. fan D. beginner 答案：B 解析：master 是“大师；能手；主人” ，形容郎朗是钢琴大师；student（学生）、fan（粉丝）、beginner（初学者）不符合，答案选 B 。 13.— I missed the concert. — What a ______! It was really wonderful. A. shame B. joy C. surprise D. pity 答案：D 解析：pity 是“遗憾；怜悯” ，错过精彩音乐会很遗憾；shame（羞耻 ，语义有别 ）、surprise（惊讶）、joy（喜悦）不符合，答案选 D 。 14.The robot is so ______ that it can answer many difficult questions. A. foolish B. lazy C. intelligent D. shy 答案：C 解析：intelligent 是“有才智的；聪明的” ，形容机器人能回答难题很聪明；foolish（愚蠢的）、lazy（懒惰的）、shy（害羞的）不符合，答案选 C 。 15.I could ______ that my mother was angry from her voice. A. hear B. see C. sense D. touch 答案：C 解析：sense 是“感觉到；意识到” ，从声音感觉到妈妈生气；hear（听见 ，侧重听的动作 ）、see（看见）、touch（触摸）不符合，答案选 C 。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My elder sister and I were in the same school. She was different. She was so ____1____ that she couldn’t even look at people in the eye. So I never told anyone ____2____ that she was my sister. However, one thing happened just two years ago. It changed ____3____ I viewed her. It also changed me. Before graduation, the school asked everyone to give a show. ____4____ my sister was unable to work with others, she was the only one left without a group. So she had to do it ____5____.“I will sing,” my sister told my parents and invited me to watch it. Hearing that, I was ____6____. How could my sister, who was so shy, sing in front of the school? I knew very well that if I ____7____ this to happen, she and I would become a joke. But she insisted. The big day came. I sat in the seat telling myself, “It is fine. ____8____ knows she is your sister.” The show started. My sister ____9____ in front of us. It took her almost a whole minute to tell her name and class! “Why is she taking so long?” People around me became ____10____. I felt nervous seat, hoping I was somewhere else. ____11____, my sister started to sing. She opened her mouth, and I couldn’t believe it—it was perfect and beautiful! Her show went ____12____ . It won high praise from all the students and teachers. At that moment, I realized that I was wrong. How could I ____13____ my sister’s abilities? ____14____ filled my heart as I listened to the song. Although she knew that I was not ____15____ to watch her show, she still forgave(原谅) me. She never took anything that I did to her to heart. It was then that I decided to love her completely. 1. A. worried B. shy C. proud D. cool 2. A. in all B. in place C. in public D. in fear 3. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 4. A. Since B. If C. Unless D. Though 5. A. fast B. alone C. slowly D. heavily 6. A. satisfied B. excited C. surprised D. relaxed 7. A. expected B. advised C. forced D. allowed 8. A. Anybody B. Nobody C. Somebody D. Everybody 9. A. appeared B. cheered C. practised D. returned 10. A. strange B. interesting C. careful D. impatient 11. A. Finally B. First C. Moreover D. Otherwise 12. A. badly B. rapidly C. suddenly D. smoothly 13. A. prove B. notice C. doubt D. accept 14. A. Warmth B. Sadness C. Shame D. Joy 15. A. able B. willing C. afraid D. lucky 答案：1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. C 15. B 解析： 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者害羞的姐姐要在学校演出，作者刚开始害怕丢人不想去，但是姐姐坚持让作者去，当作者看完姐姐精彩的演出后，为自己刚开始的想法感到羞愧，但是姐姐并没有怪作者，而是原谅了作者。 1句意：她太害羞了，甚至不能直视别人的眼睛。 worried担心的；shy害羞的；proud骄傲的；cool酷的。根据“who was so shy”可知她很害羞。故选B。 2句意：所以我从来没有在公共场合告诉任何人她是我的姐姐。 in all总共；in place准备就绪；in public公共地；in fear害怕地。根据“that she was my sister”可知没有在公共场合说她是我姐姐。故选C。 3.句意：这改变了我对她的看法。 whether是否；why为什么；when什么时候；how如何。根据“I viewed her”可知是如何看她。故选D。 4.句意：由于我姐姐不能和其他人一起工作，她是唯一一个没有团队的人。 since因为；if如果；unless除非；though虽然。前后是因果关系，前因后果，用since引导原因状语从句。故选A。 5.句意：所以她不得不一个人做。 fast快；alone独自；slowly慢地；heavily重重地。根据“my sister was unable to work with others, she was the only one left without a group”可知她没有组，所以她自己一个人做。故选B。 6.句意：听到这个，我很惊讶。 satisfied满意的；excited兴奋的；surprised吃惊的；relaxed放松的。根据“How could my sister, who was so shy, sing in front of the school”可知听到害羞的姐姐在全校面前唱歌，应该是很惊讶。故选C。 7.句意：我很清楚，如果我允许这种情况发生，她和我会成为一个笑话。 expected期待；advised建议；forced迫使；allowed允许。根据“this to happen”可知是允许这种事情发生，故选D。 8.句意：没人知道她是你姐姐。 anybody任何人；nobody没有人；somebody某人；everybody每个人。根据“I never told anyone...that she was my sister”可知没有说过她是自己的姐姐，所以没有人知道。故选B。 9.句意：我姐姐出现在我们面前。 appeared出现；cheered欢呼；practised练习；returned归还。根据“in front of us”可知是出现在我们面前。故选A。 10.句意：我周围的人变得不耐烦了。 strange奇怪的；interesting有趣的；careful认真的；impatient不耐心的。根据“Why is she taking so long”可知姐姐开始花了一分钟时间，周围人都变得不耐烦了。故选D。 11.句意：最后，我姐姐开始唱歌了。 finally终于；first第一；moreover而且；otherwise否则根据“my sister started to sing”可知最后终于开始唱歌了。故选A。 12.句意：她的演出进行得很顺利。 badly差；rapidly迅速地；suddenly突然；smoothly顺利地。根据“It won high praise from all the students and teachers.”可知她的演出很顺利，所以赢得了所有学生和老师的赞扬。故选D。 13.句意：我怎么能怀疑我姐姐的能力呢？ prove证明；notice注意；doubt怀疑；accept接受。根据“At that moment, I realized that I was wrong”可知意识到了自己的错误，不该怀疑自己的姐姐。故选C。 14.句意：当我听着这首歌的时候，我的心充满了羞愧。 warmth温暖；sadness悲伤；shame羞愧；joy高兴。根据语境可知，作者刚开始怀疑姐姐，应该感到羞愧。故选C。 15.句意：虽然她知道我不愿意看她的节目，但她还是原谅了我。 able能的；willing乐意的；afraid害怕的；lucky幸运的。根据“to watch her show”以及前文可知作者刚开始是不愿意来看她的演出。故选B。 三、阅读理解 Jim and Jack came from a small town. They were ceramic (陶瓷) artists and good at making pots(罐子). They heard city people liked pots, so they decided to sell their pots to a big city. Through more than ten years of hard work, they made the best pots in the town. They hired a ship to take all the pots to the city. Unluckily, the ship met a strong storm on the way. After the storm, the ship landed. All the pots were broken into pieces. The two men’s dream of becoming rich was broken along with the pots. Jim suggested that they should stay in a hotel for the night and walk around the city to enjoy the sights the next day. Jack looked at Jim in pain and asked, “You still want to go around the city? Don’t you show any care to these pots? We worked so hard to make them!” “We are unlucky enough to lose the pots. We will be more unlucky if we lose happiness,” Jim said calmly. Jack thought for a while and nodded. The next day, he followed Jim around the city and had a good time for a few days. During their stay in the city, they found by accident that people there decorated their walls with things that looked like what they used to make pots. So Jim and Jack used the broken pots to make mosaic tiles (马赛克瓷砖) and sold them to the city people. In this way, they made much money and returned home happily. 1. Where did Jim and Jack come from? A. A city. B. A town. C. A ship. D. A hotel. 2. Why didn’t Jim and Jack realize their dream according to Paragraph 3? A. Their pots were not good. B. City people didn’t like pots. C. They lost the way to the city. D. Their pots were broken into pieces. 3. What did Jim and Jack do to make money at last? A. Sell pots. B. Decorate walls. C. Make pots. D. Sell mosaic tiles. 4. What does the story mainly want to tell us? A. Knowledge is power. B. It never rains but it pours. C. Where there is an active mind, there is hope. D. The grass is always greener on the other side. 答案：1. B 2. D 3. D 4. C 解析：【导语】本文主要讲述了两人制作了陶瓷罐，在运输途中遇到暴风雨，陶瓷罐都碎了，但是两个人在城里玩得很开心，因为他们认为陶瓷罐已经碎了，如果再失去开心就更不幸。结果他们发现可以用破罐子做马赛克瓷砖。 1.细节理解题。根据“Jim and Jack came from a small town.”可知他们来自一个小镇。故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据“Unluckily, the ship met a strong storm on the way. After the storm, the ship landed. All the pots were broken into pieces”可知不幸的是，船在途中遇到了一场强风暴，暴风雨过后，船靠岸了。所有的罐子都碎了。故选D。 3.细节理解题。根据“So Jim and Jack used the broken pots to make mosaic tiles (马赛克瓷砖) and sold them to the city people. In this way, they made much money and returned home happily.”可知他们用破罐子做马赛克瓷砖，然后卖给城里人，就这样，他们赚了很多钱。故选D。 4.推理判断题。本文主要讲述了两人制作了陶瓷罐，在运输途中遇到暴风雨，陶瓷罐都碎了，但是两个人在城里玩得很开心，因为他们认为陶瓷罐已经碎了，如果再失去开心就更不幸。结果他们发现可以用破罐子做马赛克瓷砖，故本文主要告诉我们：哪里有积极的思想，哪里就有希望。故选C。 四、短文还原 Zhang Jinyuan is 94 years old. However, she has never stopped pursuing (追求) her nursing dream in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. ____1____, the highest international honor for nurses. The medal was set to remember Florence Nightingale (1820—1910) who did a lot of work educating people about the importance of keeping hospitals clean. ____2____. Recently Miss Zhang has been presented the 2023 International Achievement Award by the International Foundation. The award is offered twice a year to a practicing nurse with at least 10 years of nursing experience. ____3____: direct care, education, management or research. Up to now, she has worked in clinical (临床的) nursing for more than 40 years. ____4____ , and she has also written more than 100 nursing papers and made 37 nursing research projects. After her retirement (退休), she is still active in volunteering. In 2000, Miss Zhang, together with other 17 retired nurses, set up a caring center in Nanchang, providing caring service at community level. ____5____. By 2023, the center has 19,251 volunteers to provide services for more than 700,000 residents (居民). A. Today in modern hospitals this work is still carried on B. She has given more than 1,000 reports C. That’s why she lived in Hong Kong D. 20 years ago, she won the Florence Nightingale Medal E. The experience is mainly in one of the following nursing fields F. Now, more and more volunteers are joining the volunteer nursing team 答案：1. D 2. A 3. E 4. B 5. F 解析：【导语】本文主要介绍了不停追求自己护理梦的94岁护士章金媛。 1.根据“the highest international honor for nurses”可知此处介绍她获得了一个奖项，选项D“20年前，她获得了弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔奖章”符合语境。故选D。 2.根据“who did a lot of work educating people about the importance of keeping hospitals clean.”可知南丁格尔做了很多工作来教育人们保持医院清洁的重要性，选项A“今天，在现代医院，这项工作仍在继续”符合语境。故选A。 3.根据“direct care, education, management or research.”可知此处介绍的是经验领域，选项E“经验主要在以下护理领域之一”符合语境。故选E。 4.根据“and she has also written more than 100 nursing papers and made 37 nursing research projects.”可知此处介绍她的工作经历，选项B“她做了1000多份报告”符合语境。故选B。 5.根据“By 2023, the center has 19,251 volunteers to provide services for more than 700,000 residents”可知此处介绍的是她的这个护理中心，选项F“现在，越来越多的志愿者加入了志愿者护理团队”符合语境。故选F。 五、选词填空 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处，每空一词。 help, it, with, lucky, one, piece, large, if, but, for, when In the summer of 1996, some strange-looking fossilized bones (骨骼化石) were dug up by a man in a dried-up lake. He was a farmer in the eastern part of China, who wondered: Could these be the remains (遗迹) of an ancient dragon? Not quite. Finally the study showed us that the bones actually belonged to a meat-eating dinosaur (恐龙), and 1._______ name was Sinosauropteryx prima (中华龙鸟). It was 2._______ than the size of a common chicken which lived about 120 million years ago. It was the 3.________ time to find fossils of dinosaurs in Liaoning, and it was the earliest one with feathers (羽毛). So, scientists said that Sinosauropteryx prima might have had tiny feathers, which is similar to the chicken. They have something in common! It may sound crazy 4.________ in fact not. Most scientists think today’s birds and dinosaurs are relatives. However, not everyone believes it. Many scientists wonder 5._______ some dinosaurs had feathers. Some bird scientists suggest that the feather-like structures (结构) may be 6.________ of scales (鳞片). Whatever they are, they are not the right size and shape 7.________ flying. It’s not easy to prove this because feathers are so weak that they usually rot (腐烂) away without a trace (踪迹). 8.________, the fossils showed a lot of details (细节). For the study of the relationship between birds and dinosaurs, these details are very 9.________. Yet still nobody knows 10.________ and why feathers appeared on the earth. Scientists hope to solve the puzzle (谜题) by studying the area where the fossils were found. “These beds date to a time when flowering plants and binds appeared,” says a professor. “The discovery of this area is just as important as going to Mars.” 答案：1. its 2. larger 3. first 4. but 5. if 6. pieces 7 for 8 Luckily 9. helpful 10 when 解析：【导语】本文讲述了中华龙鸟化石的发现以及它对相关研究的重要意义。 1.句意：最后，这项研究表明，这些骨头实际上属于一种食肉恐龙，它的名字叫中华龙鸟。空处作定语，指这种食肉恐龙的名字，用it的形容词性物主代词形式its“它的”。故填its。 2.句意：它比生活在大约1.2亿年前的普通鸡要大。空处作表语，比较恐龙与鸡的大小，large“大的”符合语境，than前用比较级。故填larger。 3.句意：这是辽宁第一次发现恐龙化石，也是最早发现的有羽毛的恐龙化石。根据“the … time to find fossils of dinosaurs in Liaoning”和备选词汇可知，这是第一次在辽宁发现恐龙化石，填one的序数词形式first。故填first。 4.句意：这听起来可能很疯狂，但事实并非如此。句子前后是转折关系，用but“但是”连接。故填but。 5.句意：许多科学家想知道某些恐龙是否有羽毛。空处引导宾语从句，结合备选词汇，if“是否”符合语境，科学家不确定恐龙是否有羽毛。故填if。 6.句意：一些鸟类科学家认为，这些羽毛状结构可能是鳞片碎片。根据“… of scales”可知，修饰鳞片应用piece“一片”，pieces of...“许多片的……”。故填pieces。 7.句意：不管它们是什么，它们的大小和形状都不适合飞行。根据“they are not the right size and shape … flying”可知，这些羽毛状结构不是用来飞行的，介词for可表用途。故填for。 8.句意：幸运的是，这些化石显示了许多细节。根据“the fossils showed a lot of details”可知，新发现的化石很有研究价值，这是一件幸运的事，空处修饰整个句子，用lucky的副词形式。故填Luckily。 9.句意：对于研究鸟类和恐龙之间的关系，这些细节非常有帮助。根据“the fossils showed a lot of details”可知，新发现对研究很有帮助，空处用help的形容词helpful作表语。故填helpful。 10.句意：然而，仍然没有人知道这些羽毛何时以及为什么出现在地球上。根据“… and why feathers appeared on the earth.”可知，空处应填连词引导宾语从句，when符合语境，表示没人知道羽毛是何时出现的。故填when。 六、书面表达 今年春季起，课间休息时间从10分钟延长至15分钟，使学生们有更多时间走出教室，走向户外，走进阳光。你校拟开展一次专题展示活动，现请你以 “School Breaks Are Longer” 为题，写一篇征文，从健康、学习等方面分析课间休息延长的好处，并分享一下你在课间做的活动及你的感受。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 School Breaks Are Longer There are a lot of advantages of longer school breaks for students. First, longer breaks are good for students' health. Students have more time to go outside, breathe fresh air and do physical activities. Second, longer breaks are also good for learning. After a good rest, students can focus better in class. During the 15 - minute breaks, we have lots of choices to relax ourselves. I often go to the playground to play badminton or jump rope with my friends. Sometimes, I simply take a walk around the schoolyard. These activities not only refresh my mind but also make me feel more energetic for the next class. In my opinion, longer breaks are a great way to balance study and relaxation. I feel happier and more productive when I have enough time to relax during the day. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$