Unit 1 Period 3 Using Language（分层作业）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 Period 3 Using Language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．（1）汉译英 汉译英 1． vt. 创建；把……建立在— n. 创办者，发起人— n. 地基；基础，根据 2． vt. 推断，推论，推理— n. 推断的结果，结论；推断，推理 3． adj. 温柔的；文静的— adv. 温柔地；文静地 4． adj. 逐渐的，逐步的，渐进的— adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 5． n. 结果，后果— adj. 随之发生的，作为结果的—— adv. 因此，所以 【答案】1． found founder foundation 2． infer inference 3． gentle gently 4． gradual gradually 5． consequence consequent consequently （2）汉译英 1． adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2． n.结论；推论 3． n.小说家 4． n.理论；学说 5． vt.偶然碰到；遇到  n. 邂逅;遭遇 6． vt. 评价；评估 7． adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 8． n. 失败；挫败  vt. 击败；战胜 9． adv.逐渐地；逐步地 10． vt. 承诺；保证 11． n. 酷爱；激情 12． vt. 分析 13． vt. 创建；建立 14． n. 流；流动；流畅；供应  vi. 流；流动 15． (开始)掌权；上台(短语) 【答案】 1．crucial 2．conclusion 3．novelist 4．theory 5．encounter 6．evaluate 7．vital 8．defeat 9．gradually 10．commit 11． passion 12．analyze 13．establish 14．flow 15．come into power （3）汉译英 1．对世界作出了许多贡献 2．一个勇敢而善良的人 3．出于对知识的强烈热爱 4．被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖 5．在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就 6．胡须浓密，头发又长又白 7．敲门 8．在街上遇到一些人 9．被误认为是爱因斯坦教授 10．为失去一位杰出的科学家而哀伤 【答案】 1．make numerous contributions to the world 2．a courageous and kind figure 3．out of a strong passion for knowledge 4．be awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics 5．make great achievements in physics and mathematics 6．have a thick moustache and long white hair 7．knock on the door/knock at the door 8．encounter people on the street 9．be mistaken for Professor Einstein 10．mourn the great loss of a brilliant scientist 二、单句语法填空 1．The United Nations Children’s Fund, also known as UNICEF, (found) in New York in 1946, aiming to promote children’s well-being worldwide. 【答案】was founded 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：联合国儿童基金会，又称联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF），于 1946 年在纽约成立，其宗旨是促进全球范围内儿童的福祉。主语The United Nations Children’s Fund与谓语动词found构成被动关系，根据后文in 1946可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was founded。 2．Her (remark) achievement earned her a scholarship to the famous university. 【答案】remarkable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她引人瞩目的成就为她赢得了这所著名大学的奖学金。achievement为名词，需要用形容词来修饰，remark为名词或动词，需用其形容词形式用于描述成就的性质特点。故填remarkable。 3．He (gradual) realized how much his parents loved him when he left home and faced difficulties alone. 【答案】gradually 【详解】考查副词。句意：当他离开家独自面对困难时，他逐渐意识到父母是多么爱他。本空修饰动词realized，用副词gradually“逐渐地”，作状语。故填gradually。 4．He decided to file a (patent) for his innovative design. 【答案】patent 【详解】考查名词。句意：他决定为自己的创新设计申请专利。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，不定冠词 a 后需接单数名词，所给词patent本身可作名词，意为“专利”，符合语境及语法要求，故填patent。 5． (consequence), there should be rules on how lengthy disagreements should be handled. 【答案】Consequently 【详解】考查副词。句意：因此，应该有关于如何处理长时间分歧的规则。此处需用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。consequence的副词形式为consequently，意为“因此，结果”，符合语境。故填Consequently。 6． (found) in 1960s, the school keeps on inspiring children’s interest in language. 【答案】Founded 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：学校成立于20世纪60年代，一直致力于激发孩子们对语言的兴趣。动词found意为“建立”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词作状语。句首首字母应大写。故填Founded。 7．In 2010, the UN Department of Global Communications (institute) language days for each of the organization’s six (office) languages. 【答案】 instituted official 【详解】考查动词时态和形容词。句意：2010年，联合国全球传播部为联合国六种官方语言分别设立了语言日。第一空作谓语，根据“In 2010”可知，行为发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时，institute“建立，制定”应用过去式的形式；第二空作修饰languages的定语，office的形容词形式official“官方的”符合题意，表示“官方语言”。故填①instituted；②official。 8．Henry failed in the game, but he looked as if nothing (happen). 【答案】had happened 【详解】考查时态。句意：Henry在游戏中失败了，但他看起来就好像什么也没有发生过。动作happen“发生”是在looked之前发生的，as if引导的从句时态用过去完成时，表示在过去某段时间前已经完成的动作。故填had happened。 9． (remarkable), all of the passengers survived the crash. 【答案】Remarkably 【详解】考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，所有乘客都在坠机中幸免于难。修饰后文句子应用副词remarkably，作状语，首字母大写。故填Remarkably。 10． (gentle) should be in the words that you use. 【答案】Gentleness 【详解】考查名词。句意：温柔应该在你使用的语言里。作主语应用名词gentleness，不可数，首字母大写。故填Gentleness。 11．Now I can remember without (mourn), and begin to look ahead. 【答案】mourning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在我能够回忆而不感到悲伤，并开始展望未来。without为介词，后接动名词形式mourning，作介词的宾语。故填mourning。 12．They (draft) a report on the spot after careful discussion. 【答案】drafted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：经过仔细讨论，他们现场起草了一份报告。根据句中on the spot可知，此处应用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，draft的过去式为drafted。故填drafted。 三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1．这所位于山区的学院创建于二十世纪初。 【答案】This college located in the mountainous area was founded in the early twentieth century. 【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词语态和固定短语。表示“这所学院”用this college，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“创建”用found，动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，且与主语This college为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态was founded；表示“位于山区”用be located in the mountainous area，省略be动词，用过去分词短语located in the mountainous area，作后置定语，修饰college；表示“在二十世纪初”用in the early twentieth century，作状语。故翻译为This college located in the mountainous area was founded in the early twentieth century. 2．王教授曾经在这所学校上过学。 【答案】Professor Wang once studied in the school. 【详解】考查动词、名词和副词。句子在描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时；主语“王教授”应用Professor Wang，状语“曾经”可用副词once，谓语“上学”可用动词study，状语“在这所学校”可用介词短语in the school。故可译为：Professor Wang once studied in the school. 3．毫无疑问，那些对生活充满热情的人更加有可能成功. 【答案】There is no doubt that those who have great passion for life are more likely to succeed. 【详解】考查固定句型、定语从句。表示“毫无疑问”用固定句型there is no doubt that...。表示“那些人”用those作从句主语，表示“对生活充满热情的人”用who引导的定语从句。定语从句中：修饰those，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用who引导；表示“对生活充满热情”用have great passion for life，其中passion是名词，表示“热情”，great修饰passion。表示“更加有可能成功”用be more likely to succeed，整个句子描述的是一种普遍现象或客观事实，时态使用一般现在时，主语是those，be动词用are。故翻译为There is no doubt that those who have great passion for life are more likely to succeed. 4．新形势下，餐饮服务行业面临诸多挑战，如何实现新发展已成为该行业探索的热点。（face） 【答案】Under the new circumstances, the food service industry faces numerous challenges, and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring. 【详解】考查句子结构，时态，疑问词+to do结构以及定语从句。“新形势下”为状语，用介词短语“under the new circumstances”表达，置于句首。“餐饮服务行业面临诸多挑战”为“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构，时态用一般现在时；主语“餐饮服务行业”用名词短语“the food service industry”表达；“面临”用动词“face”表达，作谓语动词，主语为第三人称单数，动词用三单形式“faces”；宾语“诸多挑战”用名词短语“numerous challenges”表达。因此该部分翻译为“the food service industry faces numerous challenges”。后半句“如何实现新发展已成为该行业探索的热点”与前文用“and”连接；该句中“如何实现新发展”为句子主语，用“疑问词+to do”结构“how to achieve new development”表达；“成为”用动词“become”表达，结合语境时态用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应是“has become”；“热点”用名词短语“a hot topic”表达，“该行业探索的”可表达为定语从句，修饰先行词a hot topic，时态用现在进行时，“a hot topic”在从句中作动词“explore”的宾语，从句用关系代词that引导，即“that the industry is exploring”。因此该部分翻译为“and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring”。故翻译为：Under the new circumstances, the food service industry faces numerous challenges, and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring. 5．林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。 【答案】These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices. 【详解】考查短语和宾语从句。表示“林巧稚医生这一席话”用these words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi；表示“得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界”可翻译为give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman；“是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生”处理为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what；“度过”表达为carry...through，故从句故翻译为what carry her through a life of hard choices，发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices. 6．这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose） 【答案】This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him. 【详解】考查句子结构和whose引导的非限制性定语从句。“这位老中医已行医三十载”为主句，主语“这位老中医”用名词短语“this old Chinese doctor”表达；“行医”用动词短语“practice medicine”表达，结合语境和时间状语，这里用现在完成进行时，即“have/has been doing…”表示从过去持续到现在并会继续持续下去的动作；“三十载”作时间状语，用介词短语“for thirty years”表达。因此，主句译为“this old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years”。“（这位老中医的）病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽”作从句，用一般现在时。主语“（这位老中医的）病患”用“this old Chinese doctor’s patients”表达，因此，“this old Chinese doctor ”做先行词，与之后名词之间为所属关系，用whose引导从句，即“whose patients”；“无不称赞”用动词短语“all praise”表达，“其妙手回春”用短语“his remarkable skills in healing”表达；“对他感激不尽”与之前“无不称赞”为并列谓语短语，用短语“be deeply grateful to him”表达，结合从句主语，be用“are”，与之前并列谓语用“and”连接。因此从句译为“whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him”。故翻译为：This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him. 7．如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活，很多高中和大学都已将该问题提上日程。(how) 【答案】How to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life has already been put on the agenda in many senior high schools and universities. It has already been put on the agenda by many senior high schools and universities how these educational institutions can enable numerous students to better adapt to future life. 【详解】考查“疑问词 + 不定式”结构、动词短语、时态和语态。“如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活”作主语，可处理为“疑问词 + 不定式”复合结构，“如何”用疑问词how，“让莘莘学子”用enable numerous students to，“更好地适应未来生活”用动词短语better adapt to future life，整体构成“疑问词 + 不定式”结构“how to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life；“已将……提上日程”作谓语，用动词短语put...on the agenda，根据语境，事情已经发生，用现在完成时，且主语和谓语之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，用has already been put on the agenda；“很多高中和大学”作地点状语，用介词短语in many senior high schools and universities。综上，全句译为：How to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life has already been put on the agenda in many senior high schools and universities. 8．每个人都会遇到各种各样的挫折，从孩子到老人都会。(range v.) 【答案】Everyone, ranging from children to the elderly, will encounter various setbacks. 【详解】考查代词、动词短语和非谓语动词。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“每个人”为代词Everyone，表示“范围从……到……”应为动词短语range from…to…，此处为非谓语动词作定语，range from…to…和逻辑主语Everyone为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式，表示“孩子”为名词children；表示“老人”为名词the elderly；表示“遇到各种各样的挫折”应为动词短语encounter various setbacks，用情态动词will+动词原形作谓语。故翻译为：Everyone, ranging from children to the elderly, will encounter various setbacks. 9．这位头发花白的外交官与老友不期而遇，脑海中浮现出那段为理想而奋斗的青春岁月。） 【答案】An encounter with his old friend reminded the grey-haired diplomat of the youthful days when they were striving for their ideals. 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“与老友不期而遇”可用an encounter with his old friend，句首单词的首字母要大写；“脑海中浮现”可理解为“使人想起”用remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事，为动词短语，发生在过去，用一般过去时；表示“这位头发花白的外交官”为the grey-haired diplomat；表示“那段为理想而奋斗的青春岁月”翻译为when引导定语从句修饰先行词days，且从句表示过去某个阶段的动作，用过去进行时，故翻译为the youthful days when they were striving for their ideals。故翻译为An encounter with his old friend reminded the grey-haired diplomat of the youthful days when they were striving for their ideals. 10．他立刻想到他不得不面对他的粗心行为引起的严重的后果。 (occur, consequence) 【答案】It immediately occurred to him that he had to face the serious consequences caused by his careless behavior. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语以及固定句型。表示“想到”用固定句型It occurs to sb that...，这里描述的是过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式occurred；其中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。表示“立刻”用副词immediately，作状语，修饰occurred。从句中：表示“他”用he，作从句中的主语；表示“不得不面对”用have to face，用过去式had作从句中的谓语；表示“严重的后果”用serious consequences，作face的宾语；表示“引起”用cause，与consequences为被动关系，用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰consequences；被动句中由by引出动作发出者，“他的粗心行为”用his careless behavior，作by的宾语。故翻译为It immediately occurred to him that he had to face the serious consequences caused by his careless behavior. 11．过了一段时间，她发现上网可以让她感到不那么孤独和无聊。 【答案】After a period of time, she found that surfing the Internet could make her feel less lonely and bored. 【详解】考查介词短语、动词、宾语从句、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，表示“过了一段时间”应为介词短语After a period of time；表示“发现”为动词find；后接that引导的宾语从句，在该从句中，表示“上网”应为动词短语surfing the Internet；表示“让她感到不那么孤独和无聊”应为动词短语make her feel less lonely and bored；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故翻译为：After a period of time, she found that surfing the Internet could make her feel less lonely and bored. 12．五十岁的时候，她发现自己失业了，被困在家中，只有电脑陪伴着她。 【答案】At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. 【详解】考查句子结构，时态和with复合结构。“五十岁的时候”为时间状语，用短语“at age 50”表达；“她”为主语，用“she”表达；“发现”用动词“find”表达，为句子的谓语动词，结合语境，用一般过去时，动词用过去式形式“found”；“自己”为宾语，用反身代词“herself”；“失业了”为宾语补足语，用介词短语“out of work”表达；“被困在家中”同样为宾语补足语，用过去分词短语“stuck at home”表达，用and连接两个并列的宾语补足语；“只有电脑陪伴着她”为伴随状语，用with复合结构表达，即“with only her computer to keep her company”。故翻译为：At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. 13．作为高中生，我们逐渐学会了如何适应自主学习并应对起起伏伏。 (adjust) 【答案】As senior high school students, we have gradually learned how to adjust to independent learning and deal with ups and downs. 【详解】考查短语和时态。“作为”用介词as；“高中生”翻译为high school students；“逐渐”用副词gradually；“学会”用动词learn；“适应”用短语adjust to；“自主学习”翻译为independent learning；“应对”用短语deal with；“起起伏伏”用短语ups and downs。句子描述过去的动作持续到现在，应用现在完成时。故翻译为As senior high school students, we have gradually learned how to adjust to independent learning and deal with ups and downs. 14．在学习与成长的挑战中，老师温柔的耐心如同一根定心针，引导他迈向自己未曾意识到的坚韧与力量。 【答案】Amid the challenges of learning and growth, his teacher’s gentle patience served as a constant anchor, guiding him towards strength and resilience he didn’t know he had. 【详解】考查介词短语，非谓语动词和定语从句。根据所给中文句子，“在学习与成长的挑战中”可用介词amid构成介词短语，译为“amid the challenges of learning and growth”，“老师温柔的耐心”作主语，译为“his teacher’s gentle patience”，“如同”用动词短语：serve as，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“一根定心针”为宾语，译为“a constant anchor”，“引导”用动词guide，和逻辑主语his teacher’s gentle patience之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，“迈向自己未曾意识到的坚韧与力量”可用定语从句，修饰“坚韧与力量”译为“strength and resilience”，在从句中作宾语，可用that引导，that可省略，译为“he didn’t know he had”。故译为：Amid the challenges of learning and growth, his teacher’s gentle patience served as a constant anchor, guiding him towards strength and resilience he didn’t know he had. 15．这位健忘的教授老是丢书。 【答案】The absent-minded professor is always losing his books. 【详解】考查短语和时态。主语“这位健忘的教授”为the absent-minded professor；表示“丢书”为lose books，由副词always修饰，表示一种习惯性的、重复性的动作或状态用现在进行时，常带有一定的感情色彩，故翻译为The absent-minded professor is always losing his books. 16．河流的轻缓水流将落叶带向下游。 【答案】The river’s gentle current carried fallen leaves downstream. 【详解】考查时态、形容词。表示“河流的轻缓水流”用the river’s gentle current，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写，其中形容词gentle“平缓的”，作前置定语，修饰current。表示“携带”用carry，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式carried。表示“落叶”用fallen leaves，作宾语。表示“下游”用downstream。故翻译为The river’s gentle current carried fallen leaves downstream. 17．当地政府关心那些正在逐渐消失的传统文化的保护。(be concerned with) 【答案】The local government is concerned with the protection of the traditional cultures that are gradually disappearing. 【详解】考查名词、动词短语、动词时态和定语从句。表示“当地政府”应用名词短语the local government，作主语，表示“关心”应用动词短语be concerned with，作谓语动词，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，表示“……的保护”应用名词短语the protection of...，作be concerned with的宾语，表示“传统文化”应用名词短语the traditional cultures，作介词of的宾语，同时作that引导的定语从句的先行词，表示“消失”应用动词disappear，作定语从句的谓语动词，句子陈述目前正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时，表示“逐渐地”应用副词gradually，作状语，修饰动词disappearing，故翻译为The local government is concerned with the protection of the traditional cultures that are gradually disappearing. 18．贝蒂非常高兴，脸上露出温柔的微笑。(spread over) 【答案】Betty became very happy and a gentle smile spread over her face. 【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。表示“贝蒂非常高兴”可用Betty became very happy，为主系表结构；用and连接两个并列句，表示“脸上露出温柔的微笑”可用a gentle smile spread over her face，其中spread over表“分散，遍布”，为固定搭配。故翻译为Betty became very happy and a gentle smile spread over her face. 19．她是一个极具勇气的女孩，总是准备好迎接其他人避而远之的挑战。 【答案】She is a girl of remarkable courage, always ready to take on challenges that others avoid. 【详解】考查名词短语、形容词短语和定语从句。句子陈述事实用一般现在时，“她是一个极具勇气的女孩”是句子主干，主语是“她”she，be动词用is，“一个极具勇气的女孩”可表达为a girl of remarkable courage；“总是准备好迎接其他人避而远之的挑战”中，“总是准备好做某事”用形容词短语always ready to do sth. 来表达，“迎接挑战”用动词短语take on challenges，“其他人避而远之的”用定语从句that others avoid修饰先行词challenges来表达。综上，全句译为：She is a girl of remarkable courage, always ready to take on challenges that others avoid. 20．无论遇到什么困难，他都保持开朗乐观，相信黑暗中总有一线光明。 【答案】No matter what difficulties he encounters, he remains cheerful and optimistic, believing that every cloud has a silver lining. 【详解】考查让步状语从句、宾语从句、动词、形容词和非谓语动词。句子应该是介绍通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在时；“无论遇到什么困难”可用no matter what“无论什么”引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母大写，从句隐含的主语“他”用代词he，谓语“遇到”可用动词encounter，encounter需用第三人称单数形式，宾语“困难”可用名词difficulties，difficulties需置于what之后；主句的主语“他”用代词he，“保持”可用系动词remain，remain需用第三人称单数形式，表语“开朗乐观”可用形容词cheerful和optimistic，两者之间用并列连词and连接；“相信”可用动词believe，用非谓语的形式作句子的状语，believe和he逻辑上是主动关系，因此用其现在分词形式；“黑暗中总有一线光明”是believe的具体内容，可用that引导名词性从句作其宾语，这句谚语应表述为every cloud has a silver lining。故可译为：No matter what difficulties he encounters, he remains cheerful and optimistic, believing that every cloud has a silver lining. 三、（2）（24-25高二上·广东·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, globally known for developing the first hybrid rice strain in 1973 that rid countless people 1 hunger, passed away in 2021 at the age of 91. The scientist spent over five decades researching and improving hybrid rice, 2 has reached its third generation, feeding 3 (near) one-fifth of the world’s population with less than 9 percent of the world’s total land. In China, the annual planting area of hybrid rice has topped 16 million hectares, or 57 percent of 4 total planting area of rice. Its growth area overseas has reached 8 million hectares. His more recent achievements included developing 5 (vary) seawater rice, or saline-alkali(盐碱) tolerant rice. His team planned to use the rice 6 (transform) 6.7 million hectares of saline-alkali land in China over the next eight to 10 years. Yuan once said he had two dreams - to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops 7 (tall) than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global 8 (short) of food. Yuan’s lifelong devotion to 9 (reduce) hunger has made him a national hero and household name in China. In 1999, an asteroid(小行星) discovered by the National Astronomical Observatories 10 (name) after Yuan. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic, China’s highest state honor. 【答案】 1．of 2．which 3．nearly 4．the 5．various/varied 6．to transform 7．taller 8．shortage 9．reducing 10．was named 【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章报道了著名科学家袁隆平去世的消息，重点介绍了他在解决中国饥饿问题和世界粮食方面做出的重大贡献和取得的突出成就。 1．考查介词。句意：中国科学家袁隆平，因1973年培育出首个杂交水稻品种而享誉全球，使无数人免于饥饿，于2021年去世，享年91岁。此处为rid sb. of sth.“使某人摆脱，免除……”结构，故填of。 2．考查定语从句。句意：这位科学家花了50多年的时间研究和改良杂交水稻，这种水稻已经达到了第三代，用不到世界总面积9%的土地养活了世界近五分之一的人口。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是hybrid rice，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，故填which。 3．考查副词。句意：这位科学家花了50多年的时间研究和改良杂交水稻，这种水稻已经达到了第三代，用不到世界总面积9%的土地养活了世界近五分之一的人口。此处表示“几乎，将近”，应用副词nearly作状语，故填nearly。 4．考查定冠词。句意：中国杂交水稻年种植面积上达1600万公顷，占全部水稻种植面积的57%。根据area前后的修饰词可知，此处应填the表示特指，表示杂交水稻占全部水稻种植面积的57%，故填the。 5．考查固定短语。句意：他最近的成就包括培育各种海水水稻，或称为耐盐碱水稻。此处修饰名词seawater rice，应用形容词various/varied，意为“各种各样的”，故填various/varied。 6．考查动词不定式。句意：他的团队计划在未来的8到10年里用这种水稻改造中国670万公顷盐碱地。此处为“use sth. to do sth. ”为结构，意为“用……来做……”，此处不定式作目的状语，故填to transform。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：袁隆平曾说，他有两个梦想——一个是在比人高的水稻下乘凉，另一个是杂交水稻可以在世界各地种植，帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。根据than可知，此处应用形容词比较级taller，意为“比……高”，故填taller。 8．考查名词。句意：袁隆平曾说，他有两个梦想——一个是在比人高的水稻下乘凉，另一个是杂交水稻可以在世界各地种植，帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。根据空前的修饰词global可知，此处应填名词作宾语，short“短缺的”是形容词，其对应的名词是shortage，为不可数名词，故填shortage。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：袁隆平毕生致力于减少饥饿，这使他成为中国的民族英雄和家喻户晓的人。devotion后的to是介词，后应跟动名词作宾语，故填reducing。 10．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：1999年，一颗由国家天文观测站发现的小行星以袁命名。此句中主语为an asteroid，为单数，此处为谓语动词，动词name和主语an asteroid之间是被动关系，且由时间状语“In 1999”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是名词单数，故填was named。 四、阅读理解 （24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期中）Scientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives? Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived? You may be wondering: but why is it important to teach kids about modern-day scientists? First, stories of scientists can encourage kids. Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space, and he’s a real guitar-playing person. He makes singing videos on YouTube! His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists’ stories makes kids think “I can do that too!” But not only that, the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to never give up. Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut. But today, he’s made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer. Besides, it’s no secret that scientific discoveries require trying, and trying again. Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity (多样性). Neil deGrasse Tyson, for example, is an African-American, which is not common in his field. Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist. It’s important to know that scientists don’t need to be “gifted” or “good” at school. Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school. That doesn’t have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science. Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science. As long as they’re interested, they are likely to become a scientist in the future. Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation (基础) others have laid. This is important — no one can do it alone. Scientists’ stories can encourage today’s young scientists to keep trying. They’ll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of making discoveries. Even if they haven’t made important discoveries, their research may help the following scientists. 1．What can Chris Hadfield’s story tell students? A．Scientists are interested in different things. B．Students should have a hobby of their own. C．Scientists can be ordinary like people around us. D．Students should consider scientists as their models. 2．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．African-Americans are more likely to become scientists. B．Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school. C．Not all scientists really show interest in science. D．Scientists are usually good at their schooling. 3．The last paragraph shows us that________. A．scientists should help each other B．a scientist should never give up trying C．making discoveries is necessary for scientists D．new scientific discoveries may depend on others’ findings 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Why scientists are important to us. B．Why scientists can encourage students. C．Why students love stories of scientists. D．Why students should be taught about scientists. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了以科学家的故事来教育孩子所带来的积极影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists' stories makes kids think “I can do that too”!(他的故事可以让孩子们认为科学家也是普通人。听科学家的故事会让孩子们觉得“我也能做到”！)”可知，Chris Hadfeild的故事告诉学生们科学家可以像我们周围的人一样平凡。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school. That doesn't have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science.(我们通常认为科学家是学校里非常聪明的孩子。这不一定是真的。他们只需要对科学有极大的兴趣)”推知，作者认为科学家不一定是在学校里很聪明的孩子。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid.(现代科学家告诉孩子们，知识是建立在别人打下的基础上的)”和下文内容可知，该段主要介绍新的科学发现可能是以别人的发现为基础的这一观点。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives? Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived? You may be wondering: but why is it important to teach kids about modern-day scientists? (科学家们有了重大发现。但它们是如何影响我们的个人生活的呢？你们班上的孩子知道爱因斯坦生活的年代吗？你可能会疑惑：为什么向孩子们传授现代科学家的知识如此重要？)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述用科学家的故事来教育孩子所带来的积极影响。D项“Why students should be taught about scientists(为什么要教学生了解科学家)”能概括文章主旨。故选D。 五、七选五 （黑龙江省鸡西市密山市第一中学2024-2025学年高一下学期第一次月考英语试题） （24-25高二上·全国·假期作业）Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879. 1 Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper. However, Einstein did badly at school. 2 He ended up at college in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college, but a friend found him work finally. Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing (发表) four scientific papers! 3 One of the things he researched was that energy and mass (质量) are different forms of the same thing. This was explained by his famous equation E=mc². In 1909 Albert was finally made a professor at the University of Zurich. He continued improving his work, and in 1915 he published his theory of general relativity (广义相对论) . In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive! 4 His work changed the way we think about time and space, and also helped with developments like the television. 5 And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. He became an American in 1940. Sadly, Einstein’s work with atoms (原子) led to the invention of the atomic bomb. Albert spent the rest of his life taking part in activities for world peace. He died in 1955. A．Albert spent lots of time in America. B．Einstein loved to use his imagination. C．His work turned modern physics on its head. D．Even as an adult, Einstein was disorganized. E．As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems. F．And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. G．One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything! 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．C 4．F 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了Albert Einstein的生平。 1．上文“Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879.( Albert Einstein于1879年3月14日出生于德国乌尔姆) ”介绍Einstein出生日期和出生地；下文“Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper.( Einstein非常聪明，16岁时就写了他的第一篇论文) ”介绍了Einstein16岁时的成就；结合全文内容可知文章按照时间顺序展开，由此可知，E选项“As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems(小时候，他喜欢解决数学问题)”介绍Einstein孩童时期的情况，符合语境。故选E。 2．由上文“However, Einstein did badly at school. (然而，爱因斯坦在学校表现很差)”可知Einstein在学校的成绩不好；下文“He ended up at college in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college, but a friend found him work finally.(他最后在瑞士上了大学。他的成绩意味着毕业后很难找到工作，但一个朋友最终为他找到了工作)”说明虽然他最终上了大学，但成绩不好；G选项“One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything!(一位老师甚至说他永远不会取得任何成就！)”承接上文进一步说明Einstein在学校成绩不好，与上下文表达的意思一致；句中的“One teacher”与上文的“at school”相呼应。故选G。 3．上文“Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing(发表) four scientific papers! (Albert在1905年度过了伟大的一年，发表了四篇科学论文！)”介绍了Einstein在1905年所取得的研究成就；由此推知，空处陈述他的研究的意义。C选项“His work turned modern physics on its head.(他的研究成果彻底改变了现代物理学)”符合题意。故选C。 4．上文“In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive!(1919年，Albert的一个理论被证明，使他成为当时世界上最著名的科学家！)”提到 Einstein的某个理论于1919年被证实，他成为了当时世界上最著名的科学家，下文“His work changed the way we think about time and space, and also helped with developments like the television.(他的理论改变了我们对时间和空间的看法，也促进了电视等的发展)”阐述了Einstein研究成果的重大意义；F选项“And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.(他还获得了1921年的诺贝尔物理学奖)”符合文章的时间顺序，承接上文说明“one of Albert’s theories was proved”后Einstein所取得的奖项，符合语境。故选F。 5．下文“And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. (1933年，Albert决定永远留在美国)”说明Albert Einstein于1933年决定定居美国。A选项“Albert spent lots of time in America.(Albert许多时间是在美国度过的)”符合语境，选项中的“spent lots of time in America”与下文“decided to stay in the USA forever”相呼应。故选A。 六、完形填空 （24-25高三上·广东河源·阶段练习）No two snowflakes are alike?Wilson A．Bentley, a farmer and amateur meteorologist, sought to answer that question, dedicating himself to 1 flakes of snow for 50 years. Bentley was born in 1865 and 2 on a farm.On his 15th birthday,Bentley’s mother gave him an old 3 .It was snowing that day, and the boy 4 getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake with the 5 . When he was 17, Bentley asked his parents to buy him a new, better microscope and a camera.His father argued that it was a waste of time. Finally, his father gave in. Bentley built a wooden frame to 6 the new equipment and then spent 2 years figuring out how to take a picture of a snowflake 7 a microscope. On January 15,1885,he did it,creating the world’s first photo of snowflake. Every winter for the rest of his life, Bentley studied snowflakes in a(n) 8 room in the back of the house. The process was difficult and cold. (Outdoors, he collected snowflakes on a wooden tray that was painted 9 to observe it. Whenever it snowed, Bentley caught and captured flakes, sometimes working all night. He found that most snowflakes had six sides, 10 others looked like triangles, or columns—no two were alike. Bentley 11 his snowflakes with anyone who was interested. He wrote articles for scientists and for 12 such as National Geographic. Occasionally, he felt 13 that few people seemed to care about his work.Still,he 14 stopped.In 1920,Bentley was elected as one of the first members of the American Meteorological Society, which later 15 him its first research grant in 1924. 1．A．creating B．producing C．observing D．cleaning 2．A．worked B．raised C．ran D．helped 3．A．bag B．camera C．microscope D．tray 4．A．succeeded in B．turned in C．gave up D．gave in 5．A．time B．frame C．instruction D．instrument 6．A．hold B．fix C．adjust D．buy 7．A．without B．along C．under D．above 8．A．old B．unheated C．small D．cozy 9．A．black B．white C．new D．odd 10．A．or B．and C．so D．but 11．A．sold B．shared C．carried D．presented 12．A．magazines B．newspaper C．colleges D．companies 13．A．amazed B．excited C．discouraged D．encouraged 14．A．always B．once C．ever D．never 15．A．owed B．awarded C．praised D．considered 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了本特利Bentley将拍摄雪花作为终身爱好和事业的故事。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：农民兼业余气象学家威尔逊·A·本特利（Wilson A.Bentley）试图回答这个问题，他致力于50年来的观察雪花。 A. creating创造；B. producing产生；C. observing观察；D. cleaning打扫。由后文“ Bentley studied snowflakes in a(n)　　8　　room in the back of the house. ”可知，本特利花时间“观察”雪花。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利出生于1865年，在农场长大。 A. worked工作；B. raised举起，抚养；C. ran运行；D. helped帮助。由前文“Bentley was born in 1865 and”可知，这里应讲他的成长，他是在农场上被“抚养”大的。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他15岁生日那天，本特利的母亲给了他一个旧的显微镜。A. bag袋子；B. camera摄像机；C. microscope显微镜；D. tray盘。由后文“ a new, better microscope”可知，这里讲母亲给他一个旧的“显微镜”。故选C项。 4．考查动词词组辨析。句意：那天正在下雪，男孩用仪器成功地瞥见了一片六面雪花。A. succeeded in成功；B. turned in上交；C. gave up放弃；D. gave in屈服。由后文“getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake”可知，本特利“成功”地观察到了雪花。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天正在下雪，男孩用仪器成功地瞥见了一片六面雪花。A. time时间；B. frame框架；C. instruction指令；D. instrument仪器。由前文“Bentley’s mother gave him an old　　　”可知，本特利用这旧的显微镜“仪器”观察到了雪花。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利建造了一个木制框架来托住新设备，然后花了两年时间研究如何在显微镜下拍摄雪花。A. hold举行，托住；B. fix修复；C. adjust调整；D. buy购买。由“ a wooden frame”可知，这木制框架是用来“托住”显微镜的。故选A项。 7．考查介词词义辨析。句意：本特利建造了一个木制框架来托住新设备，然后花了两年时间研究如何在显微镜下拍摄雪花。A. without没有；B. along沿着；C. under在...下；D. above在...上面。由前文“getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake with the　5　　”可知，本特利是“在显微镜下”观察拍摄雪花的。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他余生的每一个冬天，本特利都会在房子后面一间没有暖气的房间里研究雪花。A. old旧的；B. unheated未加热的，无暖气的；C. small小的；D. cozy舒适的。由“ snowflakes”可知，只有在“没有暖气”寒冷的地方才能观察雪花，否则雪花会融化。故选B项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在室外，他把雪花收集在一个漆成黑色的木托盘上观察。A. black黑色的；B. white白色的；C. new新的；D. odd古怪的。由后文“to observe it”可知，雪花是白色的，所以只有在“黑色”背景下才好观察。故选A项。 10．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他发现大多数雪花都有六个边，但其他雪花看起来像三角形，或是柱子，没有两个雪花是相同的。A. or或；B. and和；C. so因此；D. but但是。由后文“others looked like triangles, or columns”可知，这和前面一句话形成转折关系。故选D项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利与任何感兴趣的人分享了雪花。A. sold出售；B. shared分享；C. carried携带；D. presented呈现。由后文“anyone who was interested”可知，他应该是和有相同爱好的人“分享”自己的发现。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他为科学家和《国家地理》等杂志撰写文章。A. magazines杂志；B. newspaper报纸；C. colleges大学；D. companies公司。由后文“National Geographic”可知，这是一本“杂志”。故选A项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：偶尔，他觉得似乎很少有人关心他的工作。A. amazed惊讶的；B. excited激动的；C. discouraged沮丧的；D. encouraged受鼓舞的。由后文“few people seemed to care about his work.”可知，没人关注他的工作，这会让他“感到沮丧的”。故选C项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是没有停了下来。 A. always总是；B. once一次；C. ever曾经；D. never从不。由“Still”以及前文可知，虽然很少人关注他，他仍然“不”停下来，继续他的爱好。故选D项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1920年，本特利当选为美国气象学会首批成员之一，该学会后来于1924年向他颁发了第一笔研究资助。A. owed欠；B. awarded授予；C. praised称赞；D. considered考虑。由后文“ its first research grant in 1924”可知，这是给他“授予”的奖励。故选B项。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Period 3 Using Language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．（1）汉译英 汉译英 1． vt. 创建；把……建立在— n. 创办者，发起人— n. 地基；基础，根据 2． vt. 推断，推论，推理— n. 推断的结果，结论；推断，推理 3． adj. 温柔的；文静的— adv. 温柔地；文静地 4． adj. 逐渐的，逐步的，渐进的— adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 5． n. 结果，后果— adj. 随之发生的，作为结果的—— adv. 因此，所以 （2）汉译英 1． adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2． n.结论；推论 3． n.小说家 4． n.理论；学说 5． vt.偶然碰到；遇到  n. 邂逅;遭遇 6． vt. 评价；评估 7． adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 8． n. 失败；挫败  vt. 击败；战胜 9． adv.逐渐地；逐步地 10． vt. 承诺；保证 11． n. 酷爱；激情 12． vt. 分析 13． vt. 创建；建立 14． n. 流；流动；流畅；供应  vi. 流；流动 15． (开始)掌权；上台(短语) （3）汉译英 1．对世界作出了许多贡献 2．一个勇敢而善良的人 3．出于对知识的强烈热爱 4．被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖 5．在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就 6．胡须浓密，头发又长又白 7．敲门 8．在街上遇到一些人 9．被误认为是爱因斯坦教授 10．为失去一位杰出的科学家而哀伤 二、单句语法填空 1．The United Nations Children’s Fund, also known as UNICEF, (found) in New York in 1946, aiming to promote children’s well-being worldwide. 2．Her (remark) achievement earned her a scholarship to the famous university. 3．He (gradual) realized how much his parents loved him when he left home and faced difficulties alone. 4．He decided to file a (patent) for his innovative design. 5． (consequence), there should be rules on how lengthy disagreements should be handled. 6． (found) in 1960s, the school keeps on inspiring children’s interest in language. 7．In 2010, the UN Department of Global Communications (institute) language days for each of the organization’s six (office) languages. 8．Henry failed in the game, but he looked as if nothing (happen). 9． (remarkable), all of the passengers survived the crash. 10． (gentle) should be in the words that you use. 11．Now I can remember without (mourn), and begin to look ahead. 12．They (draft) a report on the spot after careful discussion. 三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1．这所位于山区的学院创建于二十世纪初。 2．王教授曾经在这所学校上过学。 3．毫无疑问，那些对生活充满热情的人更加有可能成功. 4．新形势下，餐饮服务行业面临诸多挑战，如何实现新发展已成为该行业探索的热点。（face） 5．林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。 6．这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose） 7．如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活，很多高中和大学都已将该问题提上日程。(how) 8．每个人都会遇到各种各样的挫折，从孩子到老人都会。(range v.) 9．这位头发花白的外交官与老友不期而遇，脑海中浮现出那段为理想而奋斗的青春岁月。） 10．他立刻想到他不得不面对他的粗心行为引起的严重的后果。 (occur, consequence) 11．过了一段时间，她发现上网可以让她感到不那么孤独和无聊。 12．五十岁的时候，她发现自己失业了，被困在家中，只有电脑陪伴着她。 13．作为高中生，我们逐渐学会了如何适应自主学习并应对起起伏伏。 (adjust) 14．在学习与成长的挑战中，老师温柔的耐心如同一根定心针，引导他迈向自己未曾意识到的坚韧与力量。 15．这位健忘的教授老是丢书。 16．河流的轻缓水流将落叶带向下游。 17．当地政府关心那些正在逐渐消失的传统文化的保护。(be concerned with) 18．贝蒂非常高兴，脸上露出温柔的微笑。(spread over) 19．她是一个极具勇气的女孩，总是准备好迎接其他人避而远之的挑战。 20．无论遇到什么困难，他都保持开朗乐观，相信黑暗中总有一线光明。 三、（2）（24-25高二上·广东·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, globally known for developing the first hybrid rice strain in 1973 that rid countless people 1 hunger, passed away in 2021 at the age of 91. The scientist spent over five decades researching and improving hybrid rice, 2 has reached its third generation, feeding 3 (near) one-fifth of the world’s population with less than 9 percent of the world’s total land. In China, the annual planting area of hybrid rice has topped 16 million hectares, or 57 percent of 4 total planting area of rice. Its growth area overseas has reached 8 million hectares. His more recent achievements included developing 5 (vary) seawater rice, or saline-alkali(盐碱) tolerant rice. His team planned to use the rice 6 (transform) 6.7 million hectares of saline-alkali land in China over the next eight to 10 years. Yuan once said he had two dreams - to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops 7 (tall) than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global 8 (short) of food. Yuan’s lifelong devotion to 9 (reduce) hunger has made him a national hero and household name in China. In 1999, an asteroid(小行星) discovered by the National Astronomical Observatories 10 (name) after Yuan. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic, China’s highest state honor. 四、阅读理解 （24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期中）Scientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives? Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived? You may be wondering: but why is it important to teach kids about modern-day scientists? First, stories of scientists can encourage kids. Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space, and he’s a real guitar-playing person. He makes singing videos on YouTube! His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists’ stories makes kids think “I can do that too!” But not only that, the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to never give up. Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut. But today, he’s made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer. Besides, it’s no secret that scientific discoveries require trying, and trying again. Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity (多样性). Neil deGrasse Tyson, for example, is an African-American, which is not common in his field. Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist. It’s important to know that scientists don’t need to be “gifted” or “good” at school. Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school. That doesn’t have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science. Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science. As long as they’re interested, they are likely to become a scientist in the future. Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation (基础) others have laid. This is important — no one can do it alone. Scientists’ stories can encourage today’s young scientists to keep trying. They’ll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of making discoveries. Even if they haven’t made important discoveries, their research may help the following scientists. 1．What can Chris Hadfield’s story tell students? A．Scientists are interested in different things. B．Students should have a hobby of their own. C．Scientists can be ordinary like people around us. D．Students should consider scientists as their models. 2．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．African-Americans are more likely to become scientists. B．Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school. C．Not all scientists really show interest in science. D．Scientists are usually good at their schooling. 3．The last paragraph shows us that________. A．scientists should help each other B．a scientist should never give up trying C．making discoveries is necessary for scientists D．new scientific discoveries may depend on others’ findings 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Why scientists are important to us. B．Why scientists can encourage students. C．Why students love stories of scientists. D．Why students should be taught about scientists. 五、七选五 （黑龙江省鸡西市密山市第一中学2024-2025学年高一下学期第一次月考英语试题） （24-25高二上·全国·假期作业）Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879. 1 Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper. However, Einstein did badly at school. 2 He ended up at college in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college, but a friend found him work finally. Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing (发表) four scientific papers! 3 One of the things he researched was that energy and mass (质量) are different forms of the same thing. This was explained by his famous equation E=mc². In 1909 Albert was finally made a professor at the University of Zurich. He continued improving his work, and in 1915 he published his theory of general relativity (广义相对论) . In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive! 4 His work changed the way we think about time and space, and also helped with developments like the television. 5 And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. He became an American in 1940. Sadly, Einstein’s work with atoms (原子) led to the invention of the atomic bomb. Albert spent the rest of his life taking part in activities for world peace. He died in 1955. A．Albert spent lots of time in America. B．Einstein loved to use his imagination. C．His work turned modern physics on its head. D．Even as an adult, Einstein was disorganized. E．As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems. F．And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. G．One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything! 六、完形填空 （24-25高三上·广东河源·阶段练习）No two snowflakes are alike?Wilson A．Bentley, a farmer and amateur meteorologist, sought to answer that question, dedicating himself to 1 flakes of snow for 50 years. Bentley was born in 1865 and 2 on a farm.On his 15th birthday,Bentley’s mother gave him an old 3 .It was snowing that day, and the boy 4 getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake with the 5 . When he was 17, Bentley asked his parents to buy him a new, better microscope and a camera.His father argued that it was a waste of time. Finally, his father gave in. Bentley built a wooden frame to 6 the new equipment and then spent 2 years figuring out how to take a picture of a snowflake 7 a microscope. On January 15,1885,he did it,creating the world’s first photo of snowflake. Every winter for the rest of his life, Bentley studied snowflakes in a(n) 8 room in the back of the house. The process was difficult and cold. (Outdoors, he collected snowflakes on a wooden tray that was painted 9 to observe it. Whenever it snowed, Bentley caught and captured flakes, sometimes working all night. He found that most snowflakes had six sides, 10 others looked like triangles, or columns—no two were alike. Bentley 11 his snowflakes with anyone who was interested. He wrote articles for scientists and for 12 such as National Geographic. Occasionally, he felt 13 that few people seemed to care about his work.Still,he 14 stopped.In 1920,Bentley was elected as one of the first members of the American Meteorological Society, which later 15 him its first research grant in 1924. 1．A．creating B．producing C．observing D．cleaning 2．A．worked B．raised C．ran D．helped 3．A．bag B．camera C．microscope D．tray 4．A．succeeded in B．turned in C．gave up D．gave in 5．A．time B．frame C．instruction D．instrument 6．A．hold B．fix C．adjust D．buy 7．A．without B．along C．under D．above 8．A．old B．unheated C．small D．cozy 9．A．black B．white C．new D．odd 10．A．or B．and C．so D．but 11．A．sold B．shared C．carried D．presented 12．A．magazines B．newspaper C．colleges D．companies 13．A．amazed B．excited C．discouraged D．encouraged 14．A．always B．once C．ever D．never 15．A．owed B．awarded C．praised D．considered 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$