Unit 2 Period 2 Using language（课件）英语外研版2019必修第一册

高中英语外研版2019必修第一册 Unit 2 Exploring English Using language Learning objectives To understand, recognize and master four ways of word formation in English--compounding, derivation, conversion and abbreviation; To explain the main differences between American and British Englishes; To face challenges in Engish positively and look for appropriate methods to address the issues. By the end of the class, we will be able to: Contents 1. Lead in 2. Review 3. Look and explore 4. Look and say 5. Summary 6. Assessment 7. Homework 01. Lead in 1.Do you know what word formation is? 2.Did you learn any ways of forming a word in junior high? Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Is there any relationship between apple and pineapple/basket and basketball? Can you find the rule of this kind of words? Lead-in 5 02. Review Word formation abbreviating combining two or more words adding a prefix or suffix Word Formation IT, US changing the part of speech hamburger, eggplant, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick, homework, paint – painting, soft – softly, harm – harmless/harmful, shame – shameless/shameful, It’s snowing. Review 7 03. Look and explore a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. b … sculpt a sculpture… c When we… see rain…, we can say “it’s raining”… d WHO   abbreviate vt. 缩写 Look at the sentences and expressions from the reading passage. Match the words in bold to the types of word formation. 前缀 后缀 词性 Abbreviation 缩略法 Conversion 转化法 Derivation 派生法 Compounding 合成法 结合 a b c d 共四种构词法 1 9 合成法 派生法 转化法 缩略法 Look for more examples of in the reading passage. Work as a group of four, each in charge of one type and then share. Compounding 合成法 Derivation派生法 Conversion 转化法 Abbreviation 缩略法 1 2 3 4 pineapple, hamburger, eggplant, seasick, carsick, homesick, homework, housework sculpture, painting, hardly, softly, harmless- harmful, shameless-shameful, visible- invisble rain, snow IT, US 合成法是指由两个或更多的词合成一个词。 它们当中有的用连字符号“–”连接（如：well-being），有的直接写在一起（如：newspaper)，还有的由分开的两个词构成（night owl）。 复合词包括复合名词、复合形容词、复合动词等。 1)名词+名词→名词 2) 形容词+名词→名词 3)动词的-ing形式＋名词→名词 basket(篮子)+ball(球)　→basketball篮球 book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店 black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板 gentle(温柔的)+man(男士）→gentleman 绅士 dining room （餐厅） waiting-room（候车室） 1.合成名词 4)名词＋动词的-ing形式→名词 5) 动词+名词→名词 6) 副词+动词→名词 sun-bathing （日光浴） handwriting （书法） playground （操场） typewriter （打字机） income（收入；所得） outbreak（爆发） 1)名词+过去分词→形容词 2) 形容词+名词+ed→形容词 3)形容词+现在分词→形容词 man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的 heart (心) +broken(破碎的) → heart-broken伤心的 warm(温暖的)+hearted(心) →warm-hearted热心的 absent(缺席的)+minded(思维）→absent-minded 漫不经心的 good-looking 相貌好看的 easy-going 容易相处的 2.合成形容词 4)形容词+名词→形容词 5) 副词十现在分词→形容词 6)副词+过去分词→形容词 short-term 短期的 part-time兼职的 high-class 高级的 large-scale 大规模的 hard-working 努力工作的 far-reaching 深远的 ever-lasting 永恒的 well-developed 高度发达的 well-known 著名的 well-trained 训练有素的 3. 合成动词 sleep-walk sunbathe whitewash safeguard overthrow overcome blackmail（勒索;敲诈） 4. 合成副词 everywhere somehow however whenever forever 5. 合成介词 inside outside within without into upon 派生法 通过加前缀（Prefix）和后缀（Suffix）构成新词。 通常情况下（90%情况下），加前缀会改变单词的词义，而加后缀则会改变单词的词性（即，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性）。但是这种情况不绝对，因为有些前缀会很特殊，比如：“en-”，它作为前缀却可以改变某个单词的词性。 large 大的 (adj.)——enlarge 使变大 (v.) pro- 表示“往前” progress n./v. 进步 promote v.增进，促进，提高 pre- 表示“提前，领先” predict vt. 预测 preview n./v. 预览；预习 re-表示“再次，重复，往回” repeat n./v. 重复 review v. 复习 rewrite v. 重写，改写 recall v.回想，记起；召回 up- 表示“往上” upgrade v. 使升级 de- 表示“向下” degrade v. 使降级 decrease n./v 减少，减小 in- 表示“往上”和“往里” increase n./v 上升，增长 inside adj. 里面的 im- 表示“往里” import vt. 进口 ex- 表示“往外” export v./n 出口 expand v. 扩张 exit v. 出口 sub- 表示“下面” subway n.地铁 submarine n .潜艇 派生词：前缀 inter- 表示“中间，相互的” internet n. 互联网 international adj. 国际的 interpersonal adj. 人际的 interact v. 相互影响；相互作用 trans- 表示“转移” transfer v. 转移 translate v. 翻译 co-/con-/com- 表示“共同，一起，两者” cooperate v.合作 control n./v 控制 company v.陪伴 n. 公司 un-, dis-, im-(可变化为in-/ir-) 表示“否定含义” uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的，不安的 unlike prep. 和……不同 a.不像的 unbearable adj. 无法忍受的 unbelievable adj. 难以置信的 dislike vt./n. 厌恶 discourage v. 使灰心，使气馁 impossible adj. 不可能的 indifferent adj.漠不关心的 派生词：前缀 名词后缀 表示”人“的后缀： -er：farmer, waiter -ee：employee -ist：artist -or：actor -ress：waitress 表示“抽象名词”的后缀： -ment：advertisement, development -tion：education, invitation -sion：decision, impression -ance：importance, performance -ence：difference 派生词：后缀 派生词：后缀 形容词后缀 -ful：careful, helpful -y：healthy, funny -ous：dangerous, poisonous -less：careless, hopeless -al：personal, national -able：comfortable 派生词：后缀 动词词缀 -ize：socialize (使…社会化), modernize (使…现代化) -en：widen （使变宽）, shorten（使变短） -ify：beautify（变美）, simplify（简化） 派生词：后缀 副词词缀 -ly：happily, really -ward(s)：backwards（向后）, homeward (回家地) -wise： otherwise (否则) 转化法是指由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性的方法。 名词转化为动词 book n.（书）→ v.（预订） chair n.（椅子）→ v.（主持） head n.（头）→ v.（率领） arm n.（手臂）→ v.（武装） bag n.（袋子）→ v.（捕获） hand n.（手）→ v.（传递） nurse n.（护士）→ v.（护理） man n.（人）→ v.（操纵） 形容词转化为动词 slow adj.（慢的）→ v.（减慢） narrow adj.（窄的）→ v.（缩小） warm adj.（暖和的）→ v.（使暖和） clean adj.（清洁的）→ v.（打扫） better adj.（更好的）→ v.（改善） dry adj.（干的）→ v.（晒干） 动词转化为名词 catch v.（捕获）→ n.（捕获量） find v.（发现）→ n.（发现物） make v.（制造）→ n.（构造） do v.（作）→ n.（要求做的事） smoke v.（冒烟）→ n.（烟） cut v.（切）→ n.（切口） 缩略法 是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分(或用单词首尾字母或用截头取尾的方法)合在一起构成一个新单词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音或作为一个单词来读。 very important person→VIP(读字母音)要人，贵宾 television→TV(读字母音)电视 advertisement→ad广告 laboratory→lab实验室 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. I enjoyed the play, __________ (particular) the second half. 2. Try to ________ (memory) the names of all the people you will see there tonight. 3. We expect to see further ____________ (improve) over the coming year. 4. The company needs to improve ____________ (perform) in all these areas. 5. I have a classmate who has the _________ (oppose) view in the debate. 6. It is a shameful __________ (behave) to say these sharp words to your seniors. 7. Actually, it's _________ (confuse) that someone behaves badly in public. 8. This reflects how you use your _________ (creative) to explore the unknown world. 9. She was _________ (visible) in the darkness of the room. 10. We can't do it without the help of your ___________(organize). Exercise particularly memorise improvement performance opposing behaviour confusing creativity invisible organization Grammar 28 Complete the passage with the help of word formation. When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation. Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, ____________ (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and _____________ (known by many people). Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn’t correct it’s __________, and if someone isn’t happy they are _________. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns. For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great ________________. penfriend well-known incorrect unhappy improvement 2 29 Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become ______. And we can give someone a present by__________ it. And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “World Trade Organization ” can be referred to as _____ , and _______ is short for “as soon as possible”. It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings. calm presenting WTO ASAP Complete the passage with the help of word formation. 2 30 04. Look and say Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their British equivalents.(P23) What differences can you find? 4 Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their British equivalents. (P23) American English British English subway highway theater gas apartment elevator underground motorway theatre petrol flat lift 4 Today, American English is in common international use. It is different from British English in several ways, mostly in spelling and vocabulary. Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster, who made one of America's first dictionaries. He changed “-re” spellings to “er”, which is why 1_______ is spelt 2________ in American English. The Americans and the British also use different words for everyday things. For example, Americans talk about putting 3____ in their cars and driving along the 4________ whereas in the UK, people put 5______ in their cars and drive along the 6__________. Now Complete the passage with the words above. (P24) subway/underground highway/motorway theater/theatre gas/petrol apartment/flat elevator/lift theatre theater gas highway petrol motorway Americans take the7________ to the top floor of a building, but the British use the 8_____. In the US, they take the 9_______, but in the UK, people travel on the 10____________. Americans live in a(n) 11__________, while the British live in a(n) 12_____. It's not as confusing as it seems: usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the context. But that doesn't stop them having a friendly argument about which word is the “right” one! subway/underground highway/motorway theater/theatre gas/petrol apartment/flat elevator/lift elevator lift subway underground apartment flat Differences between American English and British English . Two. Spelling and vocabulary. Whereas, but, while. No. Not as confusing as it seems. What is the main idea of the passage? 2. How many differences are mentioned？ What are they? 3. What words are used to show the comparison between the two? 4. Is the difference big enough for people to understand? Why? Find more examples of differences between American and British English. Use a dictionary or search on the Internet. Spelling Vocabulary Pronunciation Listen to three conversations and match them to the pictures.(P25) □ Learning to learn Some of the language used on the Internet is different to the language used in other forms of communication. It may be a quick and, to you, clear way to communicate, but before you use it, stop and think: who do you want to communicate with and why? Make sure that any abbreviations and emojis you use are appropriate for the situation, and consider whether your readers will even know what you mean by BRB or COZ. a b c a: ______________ b: ______________ c: ______________ Conversation 3 Conversation 1 Conversation 2 6 Listen again and complete the table. (P25) Words Meaning Origin dim sum a kind of traditional 1____________ from 2_______ ________________ 3_______ using a cellphone without caring about others a combination of the words 4__________ and 5_______ 6_______ a shorter way of saying 7______________ from the Internet Chinese food the Guangdong dialect cellfish cellphone selfish LOL “laugh out loud” 7 THX: NVM: IMO: CUL: BTW: Thanks 谢谢 For reference BBL: VG: JK: By the way 顺便说一下 See you later 下次再会 In my opinion 依我所见 Very good 很好 Never mind 别担心 Be back later 稍后回来 Just kidding 开个玩笑 05. Summary 合成法 派生法 转化法 缩略法 06. Assessment Learning Objective Yes No Understand, recognize and master four ways of word formation in English--compounding, derivation, conversion and abbreviation; Explain the main differences between American and British Englishes; Learn to face challenges in Engish positively and look for appropriate methods to address the issues. By the end of the class, have you achieved the learning objectives? 07. Homework 1.Find new words and their meanings on the Internet. 2.Make up similar conversation. 3.Review the words and expressions you learned today. Homework Thank you for your listening null 191723.55 null 193003.67 $$