虚拟语气：破局语法难点的黄金攻略 讲义-2025届高考英语一轮复习专项

高中英语虚拟语气：破局语法难点的黄金攻略 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.与现在事实相反  结构：从句用一般过去时（be动词用were），主句用“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。  例句：If I were you, I would take the job.（表现在假设，实际不可能）  易错点：be动词统一用were，即使主语为单数（如：If he were here...）。 2.与过去事实相反  结构：从句用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词”。  例句：If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.（表过去遗憾）  易错点：注意“had done”与“过去完成时”的区别，避免混淆。 3.与将来事实相反  结构：从句用“should do”或“were to do”（可能性最小），主句用“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。  例句：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.（表将来假设，实际可能性低） 4.错综时间条件句  主句与从句时间不一致时，需分别调整时态。  例句：If I had taken the advice then, I wouldn’t be in trouble now.（从句过去，主句现在） 二、含蓄条件句与倒装结构 1.含蓄条件句  通过介词短语（without, but for）、连词（otherwise, or）或上下文暗示条件。  例句：But for your help, I would have failed.（= If it hadn’t been for your help...）  技巧：将隐含条件转化为if从句后，再套用虚拟语气结构。 2.倒装虚拟  若条件句含were, had, should，可省略if并倒装。  例句：Had I known, I would have told you.（= If I had known...）  注意：倒装后时态不变，需根据语境判断时间。 三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气  1.建议、命令类动词后  动词（suggest, advise, order等）或名词（advice, demand等）后的从句用“(should) + 动词原形”。  例句：He suggested that we (should) leave early.  易错点：当suggest意为“表明”或insist后接事实时，用陈述语气。 2.wish后的宾语从句  与现在/将来相反：从句用过去式（be动词用were）。  与过去相反：从句用过去完成时。 例句：I wish I were rich（现在）/ I wish I hadn’t missed the chance（过去）。 3.would rather后的宾语从句  表示“宁愿”，从句用过去式（现在/将来）或过去完成时（过去）。  例句：I would rather you told me the truth（现在）/ I would rather you had gone（过去）。 四、主语从句与表语从句 1.It is + 形容词/名词 + that从句  常用形容词：necessary, important, strange等；名词：suggestion, order等。  结构：从句用“(should) + 动词原形”。  例句：It is necessary that he (should) arrive on time. 2.as if / though引导的从句  与现在/将来相反：从句用过去式（be动词用were）。  与过去相反：从句用过去完成时。  例句：He acts as if he were a child（现在）/ He speaks as if he had known it（过去）。 练习：根据提示，填入单词的正确形式 1. If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents. 2. If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes. 3. The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up. 4. If I had known you already ____(have) a typewriter, I ____(not, buy) one for your  birthday. 5. If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 6. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). 7. But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time. 8. If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved  so much. 9. I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young. 10. It is about time that fence ______(mend). 11. My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 12. It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where  it _____(break) down yesterday. 13. The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say). 14. He talked as if he ____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do)  most of it. 15.If only we _____(have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone  box. 16.----- “Can we come in late tomorrow?” ----- “I’d rather you _____(come) in on  time.” 17. He looks as if he _____(be) ill for a long time. 18. He always talks as though he ______(address) a public meeting. 19. If a metal ______(heat), it will expand. 20. I _____(stay) home if it rains this evening. 解析 1. drove 这是一个典型的第二条件句（与现在事实相反的假设），结构为：If + 主语 + 过去式，主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形。 2. wouldn't have made 第三条件句（与过去事实相反的假设），结构为：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主语 + would/could/might + have + 过去分词。 3. had tied 同样是第三条件句，从句用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的假设。 4. had, wouldn't have bought 混合条件句：if 从句表示过去的事实（已知你有打字机），主句表示与过去事实相反的结果（我本不会买）。 5. were 第二条件句，虚拟语气中 be 动词一律用 were，无论主语是第几人称。 6. would be postponed 第二条件句的被动形式，结构为：If + 主语 + were to + 动词原形，主语 + would/could/might + be + 过去分词。 7. wouldn't have been But for + 名词 相当于 If it hadn't been for...，表示虚拟的条件，主句用第三条件句结构。 8. weren't 混合条件句：if 从句表示与现在事实相反的假设（如果没有党的领导），主句表示与过去事实相反的结果。 9. had studied I wish + 从句 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用过去完成时。 10. was mended / were mended It's (high/about) time + 从句 表示 “该做某事了”，从句用一般过去时或 were to + 动词原形。 11. hold request, suggestion, demand 等词后的表语从句用虚拟语气，结构为：(should) + 动词原形。 12. should break, broke 第一个空：It's strange + 从句 中，从句常用 should + 动词原形 表示惊讶；第二个空是陈述过去的事实。 13. understood, had said as if 引导的方式状语从句，与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在事实相反用一般过去时。 14. had done, did 前一个空：as if 从句表示与过去事实相反的假设；后一个空陈述过去的事实。 15. had If only + 从句 表示强烈的愿望，与现在事实相反用一般过去时。 16. came I'd rather + 从句 表示 “宁愿某人做某事”，从句用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。 17. had been as if 从句表示与现在事实相反的状态（他看起来好像病了很久），用过去完成时。 18. were addressing as though 从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，用过去进行时。 19. is heated 真实条件句（第一条件句），结构为：If + 主语 + 一般现在时，主语 + will + 动词原形。 20. will stay 同样是第一条件句，主句用一般将来时。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$