课时数智作业5 必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS-【高考DNA解码】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学生用书word（人教版2019）

课时数智作业(五) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了应对各类灾害的个人应急准备指南，包括囤积物资、应急包、电力中断应对措施、信息获取渠道及联邦民防与灾害救助办公室的简介。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据文章开头第一段以及后续各部分可知，文章提供了在灾难中生存的具体建议，如储存食物和水、应急包准备、电力中断应对措施、紧急情况下保持信息畅通等，可以看出该手册旨在提供在灾难中生存的技巧和建议。故选B。] 2．D　[细节理解题。根据第Ⅳ部分的“However，television and the Internet only work when there is electric power，which could fail．This leaves just the radio as the main warning device．”可知，在电力可能中断的情况下，无线电成了接收预警的主要设备。故选D。] 3．D　[细节理解题。根据第Ⅴ部分的“The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organisational unit for civil security in Germany．”并结合后文可知，联邦民防与灾害救助办公室是德国的一个政府机构，负责公民安全和紧急情况下的准备工作。故选D。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过提出问题和分析问题，呼吁人们恢复自我生存能力，并通过Frank Marshall的《终极生存守则》来指导人们如何在灾难面前自救。 4．C　[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator？”可知，这里的“creator”指的是创造这些人类发明或成果的主体。因此“creator”最可能指的是“Mankind”，即人类自身。故选C项。] 5．C　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句可以看出，作者建议我们在灾难面前保持冷静，依靠自己的能力，并做好充分的准备。故选C项。] 6．A　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段前两句可以看出，作者可能会同意“A full preparation can help you survive the disasters”。故选A项。] 7．B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可以推断出，Frank Marshall可能是一名退伍军人，因为他有军队背景并且分享了基于军队经验的生存技巧。故选B项。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杨百翰大学火灾研究实验室的一项新研究正在深入研究火灾如何引发的微观细节，以提供更多关于野火如何通过荒地燃料燃烧的信息。 8．C　[段落大意题。根据第二段“在他们的实验中，火灾专家Thomas H．Fletcher和合著者将14种植物的叶子放入热重分析仪的坩埚中，慢慢地将热量提高到800摄氏度。当他们观察树叶燃烧时，他们对植物分解的速度和热量产生的化学物质进行了分类。他们还比较了两种热源的影响：对流热源(想想风力驱动的火灾)和辐射热源(燃烧的植物颗粒或火焰)”可知，第二段主要介绍了Thomas H．Fletcher和合著者开展研究的具体步骤。故选C项。] 9．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段“研究发现，植物的化学成分对它们开始燃烧前的分解速度有很大的影响。知道这一点很重要，因为在山坡上发现的植物类型可能有助于预测大火将如何燃烧，以及它可能以多快的速度引燃另一种植物”可知，研究发现植物的化学成分影响其燃烧前的分解速度，进而影响火灾发生的速度。故选A项。] 10．B　[词义猜测题。根据本段中画线词所在句的上文可知，已经存在的非常详细的模型的弊端在于其耗时过久，导致无法对已经转移的火灾进行管理，再结合画线词的上文“We're aiming towards giving answers”和下文“in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks”可推知，Fletcher的研究目的是在很短的时间内给出火灾如何扩散、蔓延的答案，确保模型的时效性，画线词的意思应该是“传播，扩散”，与spread意思相近。故选B项。] 11．B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，研究者开发该新模型是为了更有效地控制野火。故选B项。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Elmer Whitaker的农场受灾后，开始多样化种植作物，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征，以此告诉每个人，在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。 1．D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”和后文的“What a disaster”可知，这是一场灾难，而且灾难过后庄稼被泥浆覆盖，所以结合选项可知，storm意思合适。故选D项。] 2．A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”可知，Whitaker看着泥泞的庄稼，所以他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖。故选A项。] 3．C　[考查动词短语辨析。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in and destroyed”和后文的“to offer his help”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人过来帮忙。故选C项。] 4．B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in and destroyed”和“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field．”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，他的全家一直靠这片田地的收成生存，所以他感到绝望。故选B项。] 5．A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文的“Now you have a chance to try something new．”可知，现在有机会尝试新事物，所以Thomas认为这不是灾难，而是机会。故选A项。] 6．B　[考查固定短语辨析。根据后文的“How can it be？”可知，Whitaker认为这不可能，觉得难以置信。故选B项。] 7．D　[考查副词词义辨析。根据前文的“smiled”和后文的“Now you have a chance to try something new．”可知，Thomas认为现在Whitaker有机会尝试新事物了，所以高兴地笑着说。故选D项。] 8．C　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文的“You can diversify”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，即种植不同的作物。故选C项。] 9．A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文的“and his crops were now covered in and destroyed”和后文的“your farm once again”可知，Whitaker的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以此处指尝试种植适合这片土壤的不同作物，从而再次恢复农场。故选A项。] 10．B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据前文的“You can diversify”和“Thomas was right—he had become set in his ways．”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，应该使他的农场多样化。故选B项。] 11．C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文的“This disaster could push him to make his farm and sustainable in a new way．”可知，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续发展，所以Whitaker认为Thomas启发了自己。故选C项。] 12．B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文的“new crops and soon，the farm was full of life again”可知，农场又充满了生机，所以可以推出Whitaker种上了新作物。故选B项。] 13．D　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文的“with the wonder of Whitaker's field”可知，邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻。故选D项。] 14．A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文的“You can diversify”“Thomas was right”和后文的“their crops as well”可知，Whitaker种上了多种作物，邻近城镇的农民也开始多样化种植作物。故选A项。] 15．C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文的“of adaptability and hope，telling everyone that in every storm，there is a chance for new growth”可知，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征。故选C项。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 In order to enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of the students，a fire drill themed “Focus on Fire Safety，Cherish Life”was successfully conducted in our school． Initially，professional firefighters were invited to deliver onsite explanations and demonstrate the correct usage of fire extinguishers and fire hydrants．Then，during the drill，the moment the alarm sounded，all students covering their mouths and noses with wet towels bent down low，and promptly evacuated to a safe area in an orderly manner according to the predetermined escape route． Through this fire drill，not only did we acquire essential fire prevention knowledge and skills but our fire safety awareness was further strengthened． 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时数智作业(五) 必修第一册　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) (2024·北京大兴三模) Almost every day，we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media．These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time．A severe storm，an electric power breakdown，or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual．This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan． Ⅰ Stockpiling food and drink ·Drinking is more important than eating．Keep about 14 litres of liquid per person in stock for each week． ·No experiments．Your supplies should mainly consist of food and drink that you normally have． ·Ensure that your supplies can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration and that most of them can be eaten cold． Ⅱ Emergency pack ·The aim of a disaster supplies kit should be to help you to cope with the possibility of having to exist for a few days outside of your house．Don't take more for each family member than could be conveniently contained within the confines of a rucksack (帆布背包)．A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase，as it allows you to have both hands free． ·The emergency rucksack should contain these items： —First aid materials，personal medication —Sleeping bags or blankets —Hygiene products for a couple of days Ⅲ Electric power breakdown ·Keep a supply of torches and candles，as well as spare batteries，matches or lighters in the house．Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely．Regularly use the batteries up and replace them． ·You can prepare smaller meals on a camping stove，one that can be operated through the use of charcoal (木炭) or gas． Ⅳ Keep up­to­date in an emergency Floods or heavy snowfalls may lead to parts of the population getting cut off from the outside world．Information and warnings are important for survival．Those who are trapped can often only be reached by radio，television or the Internet．However，television and the Internet only work when there is electric power，which could fail．This leaves just the radio as the main warning device． Ⅴ About us The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organisational unit for civil security in Germany．The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self­help．You can find further information on our website． 1．The brochure is provided in order to ．(　　) A．inform people about recent disasters B．provide tips on how to survive in a disaster C．encourage people to stockpile food and drink on a regular basis D．promote the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance 2．What is the recommended device to receive warnings during a disaster？(　　) A．A laptop．　　 B．A television． C．A mobile phone． D．A battery­powered radio． 3．The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is ．(　　) A．a charity that collects donations for disaster victims B．a non­profit organisation that provides disaster relief globally C．an international organisation that coordinates disaster response efforts D．a government agency that prepares people for emergencies in Germany B 篇(限时7分钟) Survival is every living being's basic instinct．Animals，you may have noticed，know how to make do in the worst of the situations; they can manage for days without food，water，and decent habitat．Humans too have the same survival instincts and the ability to care for themselves and their kind． With the development of society，we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our lifestyle，but unfortunately，with this cozy life，we have lost touch with our basic instincts．We are so dependent on the comforts around us that if you take them away，we do not know how to make do without them．We instantly begin to panic and fail to think logically． Man is the most intelligent of nature's creation．Our achievements in every field are a distinct example of that．Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator? If you do not agree with me，then look around at the state of panic and chaos we are currently in．What is the cause of it? A virus outbreak? No．It's the inability to deal with it calmly and the lack of faith in our abilities to get through it safely．We are looking at our governments for help．Why in such urgent circumstances are we still being needy and dependent? We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves，pull through this and protect our loved ones; more and in a better way than any government ever could．All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end，and only then will you be able to survive． Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through，step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself．It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster，man­made or natural，on your own，with the right kind of advance preparation．It talks about disaster management at the most basic levels and how being prepared at an early stage can save you a lot of grief later．It is a survival guide based on the real­life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes． 4．What does the underlined word “creator”in paragraph 3 refer to？(　　) A．Nature． B．Achievement． C．Mankind． D．Government． 5．What does the writer recommend us to do in disasters？(　　) A．Be equipped with multiple skills． B．Be appreciative of human's creations． C．Be calm and dependent on our capabilities． D．Be faithful to the governments． 6．What does the writer agree with？(　　) A．A full preparation can help you survive the disasters． B．Animals are better survivors than humans in disasters． C．A pandemic is the cause of the loss of logical thinking． D．Modernisation is to blame for the panic we are in． 7．What might Frank Marshall be？(　　) A．A noted psychologist． B．A retired soldier． C．A film review writer． D．A magazine publisher． C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·山东日照二模) While it's impossible to predict just where the next wildfire will start，new Department of Defense­sponsored research from Brigham Young University's Fire Research Lab is getting into the microscopic details of how fires initiate to provide more insight into how wildfires burn through wildland fuels． For their experiments，fire expert Thomas H．Fletcher and co­authors loaded leaves of 14 plant species into the crucible (坩埚) of a thermogravimetric analyser (热重分析仪) and slowly turned the heat up to 800 degrees Celsius．As they watched the leaves burn，they categorised the speed at which the plant broke down and the chemicals produced by the heat．They also compared the impact of two heat sources: convective (think of wind­driven fires) and radiative (from burning plant particles or flames)． The research found that the chemistry of plants makes a big difference in how fast they break down before they start to burn．That's important to know because the type of plant found on a mountain hillside may help predict how a fire will burn and how quickly it might jump to another plant species． “Very detailed models that already exist take up to two weeks to run on very big computers and by that time，the fire has moved and it's not in the same place anymore，”Fletcher said．“We're aiming towards giving answers on how a fire might propagate in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks．” The studies are aimed at improving predictive models for both prescribed (有计划的) burns and for unplanned wildfires．With wildfires costing the Forest Service and state agencies billions of dollars to control annually，any research that can help make fire management more efficient is a high priority． “With all we've done to research them，fires are still out of control，”Fletcher said．“Our model can't prevent a fire，but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts，it doesn't blow up into a huge，uncontrollable fire．” 8．What is paragraph 2 mainly about？(　　) A．The research subjects． B．The research findings． C．The research procedures． D．The research objectives． 9．What does the research find about the chemistry of plants？(　　) A．It affects the speed of a fire． B．It is one of the causes of a fire． C．It breaks down quickly in a fire． D．It helps plants survive in a fire． 10．What does the underlined word “propagate”in paragraph 4 mean？(　　) A．Explode． B．Spread． C．Die down． D．Break out． 11．Why do the researchers develop the new model？(　　) A．To make the most out of wildfires． B．To control wildfires more efficiently． C．To predict the outbreak of wildfires． D．To prevent wildfires from happening． Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) (2024·广东肇庆二模) Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops．A terrible 1 had swept through his farm the night before，and his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed．His neighbour，a kind young man named Thomas， 3 to offer his help． “What a disaster，”Whitaker said．“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field．I feel 4 and don't know what to do now．” Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment．“I see this not as a disaster but as an 5 ，”he said．Whitaker looked at him 6 ．“How can it be？”he asked．Thomas smiled 7 ，“Now you have a chance to try something new．You've always grown beans and cabbages．Why not try planting 8 crops that will also fit in this soil? You can diversify and therefore 9 your farm once again．” Elmer Whitaker considered this．Thomas was right—he had become set in his ways．This disaster could push him to make his farm 10 and sustainable in a new way．“You have 11 me，”Whitaker said．He clapped Thomas on the back．“Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty．” And so Whitaker 12 new crops and soon，the farm was full of life again．Farmers from neighbouring towns were 13 with the wonder of Whitaker's field，and they began to 14 their crops as well．Elmer Whitaker's farm has become a 15 of adaptability and hope，telling everyone that in every storm，there is a chance for new growth． (　　)1．A．force　　　 B．smoke C．war D．storm (　　)2．A．mud B．grass C．mist D．dust (　　)3．A．went on B．set off C．came by D．burst in (　　)4．A．special B．desperate C．sensitive D．tireless (　　)5．A．opportunity B．agreement C．intention D．element (　　)6．A．as usual B．in disbelief C．on purpose D．with pride (　　)7．A．innocently B．gratefully C．politely D．cheerfully (　　)8．A．major B．traditional C．different D．natural (　　)9．A．restore B．exchange C．donate D．abandon (　　)10．A．formal B．diverse C．realistic D．obvious (　　)11．A．informed B．demanded C．enlightened D．promised (　　)12．A．tasted B．planted C．shared D．received (　　)13．A．careful B．troubled C．familiar D．impressed (　　)14．A．diversify B．remove C．deliver D．observe (　　)15．A．manner B．dream C．symbol D．cause Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) (2024·江西萍乡二模) 你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一篇主题为“Focus on Fire Safety，Cherish Life”的新闻报道，内容包括： 1．活动目的； 2．活动过程和感受。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：灭火器 fire extinguisher；消防栓 fire hydrant 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$