第一部分 必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS-【高考DNA解码】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学生用书word（人教版2019）

核心 词汇 1．____________ n．灾难；灾害　　　　 2．____________ n．海浪；波浪 vi．& vt．挥手；招手 3．____________ n．& vt．营救；救援 4．____________ vt．& vi．打扫；清扫 5．____________ vt．摧毁；毁灭 6．____________ vt．使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 7．____________ n．& vt．破坏；毁坏 8．____________ n．供应(量)；补给；[pl．]补给品 vt．供应；供给 9．____________ vt．埋葬；安葬 10．____________ n．百分之…… adj．& adv．每一百中 11．____________ n．总结；概括；概要 12．____________ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 13．____________ adj．镇静的；沉着的 vt．使平静；使镇静 14．____________ n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 15．____________ vt．损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失 16．____________ vt．& vi．碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 17．____________ n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi．& vt．帮助；援助 18．____________ n．洪水；大量 vi．淹没；大量涌入 vt．使灌满水；淹没 19．____________ n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt．保护；掩蔽 vi．躲避(风雨或危险) 20．____________ vi．& vt．侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 阅读 词汇 1．____________ n．旱灾；久旱　　　　　　　2．____________ vi．& vt．(使)滑行；滑动 3．____________ n．砖；砖块 4．____________ n．金属 5．____________ n．上下文；语境；背景 6．volcano n．____________ 7．kit n．____________ 8．hurricane n．____________ 9．pipe n．____________ 10．emergency n．____________ 拓展 词汇 1．die vi．& vt．死；死亡→____________ n．死；死亡→____________ adj．死的→ ____________ adj．致命的；极度的；十足的 2．affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→____________ n．感情；喜爱 3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊→____________ adj．令人震惊的→____________ adj．震惊的 4．electric adj．用电的；电动的；发电的→____________ adj．电的；发电的→____________ n．电；电能 5．breath n．呼吸→____________ vi．& vt．呼吸→____________ adj．气喘吁吁的 6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→____________ adj．明智的→____________ adv．明智地→____________ adj．不明智的 7．suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→____________ n．折磨；苦难；痛苦→____________ n．患病者；受难者 8．erupt vi．& vt．(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→____________ n．喷发 9．survive vi．生存；存活 vt．幸存；艰难度过→____________ n．幸存；存活→____________ n．幸存者 10．deliver vt．& vi．递送；传达 vt．发表→____________ n．传送；递送 11．effect n．影响；结果；效果→____________ adj．有效的→____________ adv．有效地 12．long adj．长的→ ____________ n．长；长度→____________ vt．& vi．(使)变长 高频 短语 1．________________ 严重受损；破败不堪　　　　2．________________ 震惊；吃惊 3．________________ 结束；告终 4．________________ 消灭；彻底消除 5．on hand________________ 6．first aid kit ________________ 7．in the open air ________________ 8．as usual ________________ 句型 公式 1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings．(too...to...结构) 鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意到室内去。 2．Water，food，and electricity were hard to get．(形容词后的不定式的主动形式表达被动意义) 水、食物和电都很难获得。 3．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导的虚拟语气) 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 4．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home．(be doing...when...正在做……突然……) 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌入我家。 A hurricane struck the coast, its waves 1．____________ (sweep) through homes and businesses． The disaster caused widespread damage: buildings 2．____________ (ruin), and electricity lines were down, burying the town in darkness． As if that weren't enough, a flood erupted, burying streets under water and affecting nearly 70 percent of the area． People suffered greatly． Local rescue teams worked 3．____________(tire) to deliver supplies and first aid kits, reviving hope among survivors． The community unified in this time of crisis, showing wisdom and effort in their 4．____________ (respond)． Despite the shock and destruction, the town's inhabitants found themselves struggling to survive as emergency shelters were set up for those 5．____________ were injured． Volunteers with first aid training were 6．____________ hand to help, and people from nearby towns delivered food and blankets．The wisdom of the old ones and 7．____________ strong will of the young combined, unifying the community in their common goal 8．____________ (rebuild) their homes． Afterwards, the effect of the disaster was shocking：thousands of houses damaged, dozens of deaths, and 9．____________(count) lives disturbed． Yet, humanity shone through． In the face of such adversity, the people breathed new life into their town，10．____________ (determine) to begin a task of rebuilding，all the while understanding that the lessons from this disaster would be invaluable for the future． 1．affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 ①The traffic issue not only ____________ (affect) our everyday life，but may also threaten people's lives． ②Although affected ____________ a serious disease, he held a positive attitude and believed there was a hope of recovery． ③____________ by those selfless doctors，I have developed a deep ____________ for the career．(affect) 　读后续写之行为描写 许多人被他的故事深深影响着，开始为残疾人做义务性工作。 ________________________________，many people began to do voluntary work for the disabled． ◎be deeply/greatly affected by... 被……深深地打动/影响 ◎be affected with...感染……(疾病) ◎show/have/feel/develop an affection for...喜欢…… ◎(2024·全国甲卷)However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows． 然而，当一只猫在寻求关爱时，它们往往会发出舒展且轻柔的喵喵声。 2．strike vt．&vi．(struck，struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击，击打；突然想到；(时钟)敲；划(火柴) n．罢工；罢课；袭击 写出句子中黑体词的含义 ①I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning． ____________ ②When Tom wandered aimlessly around the streets，a stone struck him on the back，which made him annoyed．____________ ③(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 1)The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar．____________ 　读后续写之情感描写 被他为我所做的事情感动，我不能自已，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。 ____________________________________，I couldn't contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks． ◎be struck with/by...被……所打动 It strikes/hits/occurs to sb．that...某人突然想起…… strike sb．in/on＋the＋身体部位 击打某人的某个部位 ◎It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation． 我一下子明白了我们应如何能改善局面了。 3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊 ①Looking at the house which lay in ruins ____________ shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped． ②____________ (shock)by my mean words，Karina stared at me in horror and failed to say a word． ③All of the students in my class felt ____________ at the ____________ news．(shock) ④____________ (shock), these deaths amount to around ten percent of the total US bird population． 　读后续写之恐惧描写 熊在篱笆上撕开了一个洞，把头伸了进去。埃莉(Elli)和我都很震惊。 ①The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，____________________________________________________________．(定语从句) ②____________________________________ was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in．(what引导主语从句) ◎in shock吃惊地，震惊地 to sb．'s shock令某人震惊的是 ◎be shocked at sth．/that...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth． 因做某事而感到震惊 ◎shocking adj．令人震惊的 shockingly adv．令人震惊地 ◎electric shock触电；电休克 cultural shock文化冲突 ◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)I managed to find the street the theater was on, but when I turned the corner, I stopped in shock． 我设法找到了剧院所在的街道，但当我拐过街角时，我震惊地停住了脚步。 4．bury vt．埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏 ①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)The time capsule, ____________(bury) 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939． ② ____________ (bury) himself in what he was doing，he didn't even notice it was getting dark outside． 　读后续写之动作描写 Hearing the bad news, she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears． ①Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，_________________________．(动词-ing形式作状语) ②Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，___________________________．(with复合结构) ③Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，___________________________．(独立主格结构) ◎bury sth． in把某物埋在…… bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于 bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面 ◎Passengers read magazines, bury themselves in their phones, or simply doze off while waiting to arrive． 乘客们有的看杂志，有的把自己埋在手机里，或者有人只是在打瞌睡等待到达。 5．suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 ①To be frank, everyone suffers ____________ stress at some time in their life—teachers，doctors, factory workers, newspaper editors． ②Their ____________ (suffer) was miserable and I could hardly fall asleep that night, wondering what I could do to help them． 　读后续写之主旨升华 虽然自然灾难可能会使我们遭受极大的痛苦，但我坚信通过我们守望相助，必能战胜灾难。 _____________________________________________________________________，I firmly believe that we can overcome the disasters through helping and supporting each other． ◎suffer a lot of pain遭受巨大的痛苦 suffer from...患……病；因……受苦 ◎suffering n．疼痛，折磨 sufferer n．患难者；患病者 ◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain． 20年前，当他患有严重背痛时，他开始对替代疗法产生兴趣。 6．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ①Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD, the ____________ (ruin) of Neápolis are almost 2，000 years old． ②It rained for one week on end, completely ____________ (ruin) our holidays． ③What shocked me was that this once charming village lay ____________ ruins, beyond recognition． 　读后续写之主旨升华 不要让你的过去支配你现在或者将来的生活。把不堪回首的往事抛在脑后，这样它们才不会损害到你的未来。 Don't allow your past to control your present or your future life．Leave the pain of your past behind so ____________________________________． ◎go to ruin/fall into ruin败落 bring...to ruin使……毁灭；使……没落 lie/be in ruins成为废墟 be reduced to ruins沦为废墟 注：ruins 表示“废墟”时常用复数形式。 ruin one's health/fame毁坏某人的健康/声誉 ◎If we continue to ignore environmental protection, we will surely bring our planet to ruin． 如果我们继续忽视环境保护，我们必将使我们的星球毁灭。 7．[教材原句]Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings．(too...to...结构) 鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意到室内去。 More than half of former host cities for the Winter Olympics will be too hot ____________(host) such games by the end of this century． 　补全/完成句子 ①He ________________________(急于知道) the result of his examination． ②You ________________________ (再仔细也不为过) when you do your homework． ③当比赛终于结束时，我们俩都如此疲惫以至于躺平在地上动弹不得。 When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, ________________________________________． ◎too＋adj．/adv．(for sb．)＋to do sth． 结构，表否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。 ◎too...to...结构中，too用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，(该结构)没有否定意义。 ◎can't/can never...too...再怎么……也不过分，愈……愈好。 ◎As the saying goes，it's never too old to learn． 俗话说，活到老，学到老。 Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．Two fifths of the buildings ____________(destroy) in the earthquake last weekend, leaving the whole world shocked． 2．Sometimes a smile can make a real difference to people ____________ (suffer) from disasters in the ____________ (affect) area． 3．____________(shock), the graceful competitor just smiled ____________(calm) when she learned that no ____________ (effect) measures had been taken． 4．Up to now food and water __________________(deliver) to the disaster-stricken area, where many people____________ (survive) the disaster are in urgent need of help． 5．But attention has turned from ____________(rescue) survivors to sheltering them and planning for their future． 6．Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(平衡木), I fell onto the stones, ____________ (damage) a nerve in my hand． 7．Happiness and success often come to those ____________ are good at recognizing their own strengths． 8．____________ (bury) in his book，the athlete didn't notice me when I ____________ (slide) into the room． 9．Bitter memories came ____________(flood) back when he drove by the bridge． 10．He made a great effort to save the girl ____________(trap) in the burning house． Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义 1．deliver (1)The baby was delivered by Caesarean section(剖宫产手术)． ________ (2)Extremely tired as a number of volunteers were，they were still buried in delivering supplies． ________ (3)I feel highly honoured to be invited to deliver a speech at the meeting． ________ 2．power (1)The electric car，powered by the latest battery，can drive 600 miles on a single charge． ________ (2)You are so diligent that I'll do everything in my power to help you know more about Tang poems． ________ (3)(2022·浙江1月卷)The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology，and the lifeblood of that technology has long been electricity． ________ 3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China． ________ A．洪水　　B．淹没　 　C．大量 4．(2022·全国乙卷)The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing． ________ A．打扫 B．绵延弯曲的地带 C．大获全胜 5．You will also find the taps running all the time so that quantities of water are wasted．________ A．发掘 B．轻拍 C．水龙头 Ⅲ．写作迁移 1．她深感一阵恐慌，但她迫使自己冷静地离开了房间。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写) A burst of panic ______________________，but she forced herself to leave the room calmly． 2．尽管这个问题很难解决，但我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受网瘾之苦的人。 Although/Though/While the problem is difficult to handle，we should _____________________________________________________________________． 3．人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分，我们生存下去的唯一方法就是与自然和谐相处。 Human life is regarded as part of nature, and ___________________________ is to live in harmony with nature． 过去几年，世界各地频发地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴等自然灾害，给人们的生产、生活造成极大的损失。请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇短文，要点包括： 1．描述自然灾害的现象和后果； 2．分析自然灾害频发的原因； 3．提出关于减少自然灾害的建议。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　写作微练 ①在过去的几年中，发生了各种自然灾害，如地震、沙尘暴、洪水等，这些灾害给人类造成了严重的破坏。(damage) Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters, such as earthquakes, sandstorms, floods, which _________________________________________． ②无数的房屋变成废墟，大量农田被破坏，数百万人遭受了巨大的经济损失。(ruin；destroy；suffer) Countless houses were ________________， numerous fields ______________， and millions of people ________________________． ③人口的快速增长对自然产生了不良影响。更多的人意味着地球上更多资源的供应。(supply) The rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature．More people means ____________________________________． ④人们缺乏环保意识，使得自然界的突发事件越来越频繁。(emergency；frequent) People lack the awareness of environmental protection，______________________． ⑤我们应该尽一切努力保持人与自然之间的平衡。(effort；balance) We're supposed ___________________________________________________． 　句式升级 ⑥用非谓语结构改写句子①。 Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters, such as earthquakes，sandstorms，floods，____________________________________． ⑦用状语从句合并③中的两个句子。 The rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature, ________________________________________________________________． 　妙笔成篇 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 　语料积累 教材 语料 亮词 shock；affect；effort；rescue；flood；trap；bury；damage；destroy；aid；survive 美句 1．Slowly，the city began to breathe again． 2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 3．For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell． 4．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water． 5．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future． 拓展 语料 单词 frightened adj．害怕的→frightening adj．令人害怕的→frighten v．使惊吓；scare v．使害怕→scared adj．害怕的→scary adj．惊悚的，吓人的；panic v．/n．恐慌，害怕；dreadful adj．可怕的；极坏的；terrible/horrible/awful adj．可怕的 语块 be in panic/be seized with panic惊慌失措；one's throat tightens with horror/fear吓得喉咙发紧；be pale with fright吓得面无人色；be scared out of one's wits吓得魂不附体；be numb/frozen with fear吓呆了；tremble with terror/horror吓得发抖；be scared to death/half dead with fright吓得要死；tears of terror/horror/fear恐惧的泪水；one's heart be stuck on one's throat心卡在嗓子眼 句型 1．I froze with terror，too scared to move an inch． 我吓得呆住了，寸步难行。 2．A flood of fear welled up in her when she walked in the empty street． 走在空荡荡的街道上，一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。 3．I was wandering in the wood when a snake came out and scared me to death． 我正在林间散步，突然一条蛇蹿了出来，吓得我要死。 4．Seeing the bloody scene，she uncontrollably let out a scream of terror and fainted on the ground． 看到这血腥的一幕，她禁不住发出恐惧的尖叫，昏倒在地。 　语料运用 ①我一个人在家，突然一个奇怪的声音使我非常不安。 (when引导的时间状语从句) I was alone at home ____________________________________________． ②我开始在黑暗中摸索着前进，试图找到能保护我的东西。(动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语) I began to feel my way in the dark, ____________________________________． ③我吓得发抖，好像完全被恐惧掌控了。(as if引导的方式状语从句；省略句) I trembled with terror, ____________________________________． ④每当我回想起那一刻，我的心就充满了可怕的回忆。(whenever引导的时间状语从句) _____________________________________________________________________， my heart fills with terrible memories． ⑤我意识到，那天晚上的恐惧已经在我心中根深蒂固，变成了一段可怕的回忆。(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语) I realized that the fear from that night had been deeply ingrained in my heart, ____________________________________． 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第一册　UNIT 4 单元词句 语境背记 核心词汇 1．disaster　2．wave　3．rescue　4．sweep　5．destroy　6．trap　7．ruin　8．supply　9．bury　10．percent　11．summary　12．power　13．calm　14．effort　15．damage　16．crash　17．aid　18．flood　19．shelter　20．strike 阅读词汇 1．drought　2．slide　3．brick　4．metal　5．context　6．火山 7．成套工具；成套设备　8．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风　9．管子；管道　10．突发事件；紧急情况 拓展词汇 1．death；dead；deadly　2．affection　3．shocking；shocked　4．electrical；electricity　5．breathe；breathless　6．wise；wisely；unwise　7．suffering；sufferer　8．eruption　9．survival；survivor　10．delivery　11．effective；effectively　12．length; lengthen 高频短语 1．in ruins　2．in shock　3．come to an end　4．sweep away　5．现有(尤指帮助)　6．急救箱　7．露天；在户外　8．像往常一样 语境串记 1．sweeping　2．were ruined　3．tirelessly　4．response　5．who　6．on　7．the　8．to rebuild　9．countless　10．determined 考点归纳 精准讲练 1．①affects　②with　③Affected；affection [完美写作]Deeply affected by his story 2．①(时钟)敲　②击打　③划(火柴) [完美写作]Struck by what he had done for me 3．①in　②Shocked　③shocked；shocking　④Shockingly [完美写作]①which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked　②What shocked Elli and me 4．①buried　②Burying [完美写作]①burying her face in her hands　②with her face buried in her hands　③her face buried in her hands 5．①from　②suffering [完美写作]Although natural disasters may make us suffer great pains 6．①ruins　②ruining　③in [完美写作]it cannot ruin your future 7．to host [完美写作]①was too eager to know　②can't be too careful　③too tired to move 基础巩固 达标训练 Ⅰ．1．were destroyed　2．suffering；affected　3．Shockingly；calmly；effective　4．have been delivered; surviving　5．rescuing　6．damaging　7．who　8．Buried；slid　9．flooding　10．trapped Ⅱ．1．(1)C　(2)B　(3)A 2．(1)C　(2)A　(3)B 3．C　4．B　5．C Ⅲ．1．flooded over her　2．spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction　3．the only way for us to survive 主题引领 写作提能 应用文写作 Step 1 ①have caused severe damage to human beings　②in ruins；were destroyed；suffered great economic losses　③larger supplies of resources on Earth　④making the emergencies of nature more frequent　⑤to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature Step 2 ⑥causing severe damage to human beings　⑦since more people means larger supplies of resources on Earth Step 3 Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters，such as earthquakes，sandstorms，floods，causing severe damage to human beings．Thus，countless houses were in ruins，numerous fields were destroyed，and millions of people suffered great economic losses． There are several factors contributing to these disasters．First，the rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature，since more people means larger supplies of resources on Earth．What's more，people lack the awareness of environmental protection，making the emergencies of nature more frequent． In my opinion，we're supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature．Only in this way can we humans survive with our planet Earth． 读后续写 Step 2 ①when a strange noise made me extremely uneasy　②trying to find something that could protect me　③as if completely possessed by fear　④Whenever I recall that moment　⑤becoming an awful memory 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$