第一部分 必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS-【高考DNA解码】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学生用书word（人教版2019）

核心 词汇 1．____________ adj．单独的；个别的 n．个人 2．____________ adj．附近的；邻近的 adv．在附近 3．____________ vt．占领；征服；控制　　　　　　　　4．____________ n．金额；数量 5．____________ n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊 6．____________ vt．保证；确保；担保 7．____________ n．位置；姿态；职位 vt．安装；安置 8．____________ n．盛宴；宴会；节日 9．____________ n．风俗；习俗；习惯 10．____________ adj．引人注目的；显著的 11．____________ n．战役；搏斗 vi．& vt．搏斗；奋斗 12．____________ vi．& vt．(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚 13．____________ n．收费；指控；主管 vt．收费；控告；充电 14．____________ adj．最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长 15．____________ n．方法；途径；接近 vt．接近；接洽；着手处理 vi．靠近 阅读 词汇 1．philosophy n．____________　　　　　　 2．descendant n．____________ 3．heel n．____________ 4．kingdom n． ____________ 5．currency n．____________ 6．military adj．____________ 7．port n．____________ 8．____________ n．祖宗；祖先 9．____________ n．庭院；院子 10．____________ n．点心；小吃 11．____________ n．过渡；转变；变迁 12．____________ vi．& n．吼叫；咆哮 13．____________ n．气味；气息 14．____________ n．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县 拓展 词汇 1．evidence n．证据；证明→____________ adj．明显的 2．poet n．诗人→____________ n．诗→____________ n．诗歌(总称) 3．greet vt．问候；迎接→____________ n．问候；致意 4．achieve vt．达到；实现→____________ n．成就；成绩；达到 5．generous adj．慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→____________ adv．慷慨地→____________ n．慷慨 6．legal adj．法律的；合法的→____________ adj．不合法的→____________ adv．非法地 7．surround vt．围绕；包围→____________ adj．周围的；附近的→____________ n．环境 8．eager adj．热切的；渴望的→____________ adv．热心地；急切地→____________ n．热切；渴望 9．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt．挤满；使……拥挤→____________ adj．拥挤的 10．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt．迷惑；使困惑→____________ adj．令人困惑的→____________ adj．困惑的 11．defend vt．& vi．辩护；防护；保卫；防守→____________ n．防御；保卫→____________ adj．防御的；保护的 12．locate vt．确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→____________ n．地方；地点；位置→ ____________ adj．当地的 13．announce vt．宣布；通知；声称→____________ n．宣布；通告→____________ n．广播员；解说员 14．fascinate vt．使着迷；迷住→____________ adj．极有吸引力的；迷人的→____________ adj．入迷的→____________ n．着迷；魅力 高频 短语 1．________________ 属于　　　　　　　　2．________________ 同(一样也)；和；还 3．________________ 留心；留意 4．________________ 脱离；背叛；逃脱 5．join... to... ________________ 6．take over ________________ 7．leave behind ________________ 句型 公式 1．The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by what these different names mean．(what引导宾语从句) 联合王国，大不列颠，英国，英格兰——许多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。 2．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence． (过去分词短语作后置定语) 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用被称为联合杰克的同一面国旗。 3．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle．(with复合结构) “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 4．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system． (have sth． done结构) 他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行改革。 5．So what is the difference between them，if any？(if省略结构) 如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？ When studying in the United Kingdom，I was no longer 1．____________(puzzle) about when England got Wales，Scotland and Ireland joined to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away from it．The four countries belonging to the UK use the same currency and military defence, 2．____________ they have different legal systems．I saw much evidence that showed the Romans，the Vikings as well as the Normans invaded and conquered the Great Britain，3．____________(leave) behind their so-called achievements and influencing the names of locations and vocabulary．There were many fascinating places，so I had to keep my eyes open．Later I traveled to Ireland 4．____________ I found myself fascinated by the landscape．It was such a feast for my eyes that I felt as if I were approaching a gallery in which I 5．____________(surround) with beautiful pictures．Every day I was greeted by the rolling mountains 6．____________(dot) with sheep and cattle，the roar of the ocean and the scent of flowers．I often had a sip of wine or beer in nearby pubs which charged only a small amount of money 7．____________ their service．Once I talked about their customs with 8．____________ crowd of Irish people who were interested in our Confucius philosophy，poems created by poets in the Tang Dynasty and our ancestors' chief 9．____________(achieve)．They were generous and shared with me a snack cooked with butter and honey and a mouth-watering stew．The journey is so striking that I'm eager 10．____________(go) there again． 1．charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt．收费；控告；充电 vi．猛冲；冲锋 ①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man ____________ charge, Captain Nemo． ②The shop owner charged me nothing ____________ the noodles． I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me． ③I am ____________ charge of the program “Talk and Talk”． I am much honored to invite you for a live talk show． 　读后续写之动作描写 那只凶猛的饥饿的狼张开血淋淋的嘴，突然跳了起来，向我冲来，准备一口把我吃掉。 Opening its bloody mouth，_______________________________________________ and was about to eat me up in one gulp． ◎free of charge 免费 in charge主管 in charge of主管；负责 in the charge of...由……负责 take charge of掌管；负责 ◎charge sb．with (doing) sth．因(做)某事控告某人 charge sb． (money) for sth．向某人索取某物(的费用) charge at/towards/into冲向；冲进 ◎These classes are provided free of charge to children from disadvantaged families． 这些课程免费向弱势家庭的儿童提供。 2．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt．接近；接洽；着手处理 vi．靠近 ①(外研版必修第三册Unit 1)____________(approach) in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired．　　　　　　　　 ②Disappointed and tired, he was eager to find an approach to ____________(get)down to the camp． ____________(approach) the valley, he found one at the foot of the mountain． ③____________ the approach of the Spring Festival，we could hardly contain our inner excitement． 　读后续写之动作描写 简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。 Jane got to her feet shakily, _______________________________________，sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulders． ◎an approach to (doing) sth． (做)某事的方法/途径；……的通道/入口 ◎at the approach of在快到……的时候 ◎approaching/drawing near/around the corner 即将来临 ◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media． 根据这一理论，人们使用数字文本的思维方式更适合社交媒体。 3．amount n．金额；数量 vi．合计；共计 ①(北师大版必修第三册Unit 8)A huge amount of waste—800，000 tonnes — ____________(import) each year to produce Sweden's electricity． ②(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 6)As present-day advertisers often have large budgets, huge amounts of money ____________(spend)on applying modern design techniques to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible． 　应用文写作之建议信 建议控制日常生活中的用水量，以节约这一宝贵资源。 It is advisable to ____________________________ water used in daily life to save the precious resource． ◎a large/huge/small amount of大量的/少量的 large/huge/small amounts of大量的/少量的 the amount of... ……的数量 ◎amount to总计；合计；等同；接近 ◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants． 因为该系统是自动化的，所以它大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。 4．eager adj．热切的；渴望的 ① (外研版必修第一册Unit 1)I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my ____________(eager) to get to know my new school． ②Picturing my family ____________(eager) waiting for my performance, I worked day and night as busy as a bee for fear that I would make a fool of myself live on TV． ③I am eager ____________(invite) you to join our team for the upcoming event，in which you will make the acquaintance of more friends with the same interest． 　读后续写之神态描写 当他们朝我的方向走来时， 我露出最灿烂、最快乐的微笑。我想让他们知道我真的很想帮助他们。 As they came in my direction, I put on my brightest and happiest smile． I wanted to make them know that ____________________________________． ◎be eager to do sth．渴望做某事 be eager for sth．渴望得到某物 ◎eagerness n．热切；渴望 with eagerness 热切地；急切地 hide one's eagerness 掩饰某人的渴望 ◎eagerly adv．热切地；急切地 ◎(中国日报)Visitors formed long lines in front of Shanghai Museum on July 19, eager to catch the first glimpse of the much-anticipated exhibition． 游客们于7月19日在上海博物馆前排起了长队，渴望首次看到备受期待的展览。 5．break away (from sb．/sth．) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 ①He was charging his car when the fire broke ____________． ②(外研版必修第二册Unit 6)It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break ____________，but much less time for paper． ③My dog suddenly broke ____________ from me，charged at the door and began to bark fiercely． 　读后续写之情感描写 所有的担心和焦虑对她来说太多了， 她突然崩溃痛哭起来。 All the worry and anxiety had been too much for her, and ______________________． break down (机器等)出故障；(身体) 垮掉，(精神)崩溃；失败；分解 break out(战争、火灾等)爆发，突然发生 break through 突破，冲破 break up破碎；解散；结束 ◎He broke down at the news, tears pouring down his cheeks． 听到这个消息，他崩溃了，眼泪从他的脸颊滑落下来。 6．[教材原句]So what is the difference between them, if any？(if省略结构) 如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？ ① (外研版必修第一册Unit 1)You must have had some moments when you were disappointed． ________________， how did you deal with them? ② Are you busy this afternoon? ________________， I wish you would stay with me for a while． ③________________，our school will provide the students with the language training courses． ④________________，keep a spare pair of glasses accessible in case your main pair is broken or lost． 　应用文写作之环境保护 如果我们能做到那一点，我们就能跟上时代的步伐。 如果不那样做，我们就会一直落后。 If we can do that，we can keep up with the times． ________________，we would always fall behind． if any即使有，如果有的话 if not如果不是这样的话；不然 if so如果是这样的话 if ever如果有过/发生过的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible如果可能的话 ◎I am wondering if it's convenient for you to pick me up at the airport this Friday night．If so，it couldn't be better．If not，please help me book a taxi in advance． 我想知道这个星期五晚上你是否方便到机场接我。如果方便的话，那就再好不过了。如果不方便，那就请提前帮我订一辆出租车。 7．[教材原句]The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle．(with复合结构) “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 ①With so many problems ____________ (approach)，we decided to hold another meeting as soon as possible． ②The moment I walked into the gallery，I noticed the painter，with his eyes ____________(focus) on a statue． ③The park is always crowded on weekends, with large numbers of people ____________(enjoy) themselves there． 　应用文写作之传统文化 皓月当空，我们围坐在一起，吃着月饼和水果，分享我们的故事。 ______________________________________________，we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit，sharing our stories． with＋宾语＋adj．/adv．/介词短语 with＋宾语＋to do(表示动作尚未发生) with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动，动作正在进行) with＋宾语＋done(表示被动，动作已完成) ◎A woman with an umbrella covering herself from the sun walks along a neighbourhood during a hot summer day in Tokyo, Japan, August 2． 8月2日，在日本东京一个炎热的夏日，一名女子用伞遮住自己躲避阳光，走在附近的街道上。 Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．The famous poet lives in a small country after retirement． He enjoys the pleasant ____________． His house is ____________ by trees and flowers． He sometimes takes a walk to the ____________ areas．(surround) 2．It was ____________ that all the ____________ we collected proved him to be guilty． (evident) 3．Ensure that you get your battery ____________(charge) before you set off from your office． 4．In time of war，huge amounts of money will be spent on ____________ and many measures will be taken ____________ a country from being attacked．(defend) 5．The chief manager ____________ that the company would provide fruit for the staff free of charge from next month． The ____________ would be sent to everyone by email．(announce) 6．I hold the firm belief that you are bound ____________ your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of ____________．(achieve) 7．John showed his ____________ to join the club． After sending his application, he ____________ checked his phone a hundred times for response． (eager) 8．There are many ____________ sights． For example，Mount Tai's pretty scenery has ____________ many poets．(fascinate) 9．Dating back to the 18th century，it was once a summer resort ____________(belong) to the emperors． 10．The ____________(roll) sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are． Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义 1．crowd (1)The air smelled of the best baked bread，and customers soon crowded the store，making the street crowded． ________ (2)(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened． ________ (3)The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded into my mind． ________ 2．chief (1)The chief of the tribe is always consulted on important matters． ________ (2)As the chief executive officer, she holds the highest position in the company． ________ 3．He's going to be in a very difficult position indeed if things go badly for him． ________ A．状态　　　B．处境　　　C．位置 4．She has fought a constant battle with her weight． ________ A．战斗 B．斗争 C．奋斗 Ⅲ．写作迁移 1．似乎过了很久，小熊从石头上跳下来跑了。(what引导宾语从句) After____________________________，the young bear jumped off the rock and ran away． 2．随着这座体育场的落成，各种体育赛事得以举行，从乒乓球、足球到赛跑不等。(with复合结构) ____________________________________， a wide range of sports events are able to be held, ranging from ping-pong，football to running competitions． 3．昨天，我的洗衣机坏了，所以我赶紧修好了它。 (have sth． done结构) My washing machine broke down yesterday, so I ____________________________． 假定你是李华，你的朋友Tom对举世闻名的世界文化遗产——故宫很感兴趣，请你用英语给他写一封邮件介绍故宫的情况。要点如下： 1．名称：故宫(紫禁城)； 2．位置：北京市中心； 3．历史：至今600多年； 4．规模：占地72万平方米，是世界上现存最大的、保存最完整的宫殿之一； 5．收藏：藏品180多万件； 6．申遗成功时间：1987年故宫被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。 注意：1．词数80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　写作微练 ①我很高兴得知你对故宫感兴趣，所以我写信是想告诉你一些关于故宫博物院的事情，它也被称为紫禁城。 ____________________________________________________________， so I'm writing to tell you something about the Palace Museum, and it is also called the Forbidden City． ②故宫位于北京市中心，已有六百多年的历史。(located) The Palace Museum ____________________________________， and it has a history of more than 600 years． ③它占地72万平方米，这使它成为世界上最大、保存最完好的宫殿之一。(cover，well-preserved) ______________________________________________________， which makes it the biggest and most well-preserved palace in the world． ④故宫收藏了180多万件珍贵的藏品。 ________________________________________________ 1.8 million pieces of precious collections． ⑤1987年，故宫被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。 In 1987，the Palace Museum __________________ UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage site． ⑥只有当你亲自参观时，你才能充分欣赏它的宏伟。(brilliance) You can fully enjoy its brilliance ________________________________________． 　句式升级 ⑦将句①改为含有动词-ing形式作状语和非限制性定语从句的句子。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ⑧将句②改为含有过去分词短语作状语的句子。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ⑨将句③改为含有动词-ing形式短语作结果状语的句子。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ⑩将句⑥改为only引起的倒装句。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 　妙笔成篇 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 　语料积累 教材 语料 亮词 eager；puzzle；fascinate；break away from；belong to；surround；battle；keep your eyes open (for)；approach；greet；crowd 美句 1．Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses． 2．And down by the sea，the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast． 3．With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing and dining． 4．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle． 5．On a quiet morning in the mountains，feel the sun on your skin，and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song． 拓展 语料 单词 thunder n．/v．雷声/打雷；spring n．春天；泉水；horizon n．地平线；dew n．露水；露；colourful adj．五彩斑斓的；freezing adj．极冷的；snow-covered adj．积雪覆盖的；frozen adj．结冰的；golden adj．金黄色的 语块 spring showers春雨；cherry blossoms樱花盛开；look like the boundless yellow carpet看起来像无边无际的黄色地毯；a season for harvest/revival丰收/复苏的季节；be covered with a layer of green覆盖一层绿色；be dotted with shining stars繁星点点；wrinkle the surface of the lake使湖面泛起波纹；be bathed in the golden sunshine沐浴在金色的阳光里；tall branches waving in the wind高高的树枝在风中摇曳 句型 1．Birds flew around the woods singing cheerfully and restlessly． 鸟儿在树林里飞翔，不停地欢唱。 2．Spring thunder rumbled with continuous rain which moistened the whole earth． 春雷隆隆，连绵的雨水滋润着整个大地。 3．With the wind gently blowing, the leaves on the trees danced gracefully in the air． 微风吹拂着，树上的叶子在空中优雅地舞动。 4．A gentle breeze came up，wrinkling the surface of the lake．It was really a beautiful morning． 一阵微风吹过，使湖面泛起波纹。这真是一个美丽的早晨。 5．It was a clear stream which ran quite merrily along on its narrow way through the damp greenness． 穿过这片潮湿的绿草地，一条清澈的小溪沿着狭窄的水道欢快地流淌着。 6．The ground was covered with tender grass，on whose blades some dew drops were glistening in the sunshine． 地上长满了嫩草，叶子上一些露珠在阳光下闪闪发光。 7．The sun just crept out of the eastern horizon and rays of golden red penetrated through the white clouds and across the sky． 太阳刚刚从东方的地平线上爬出来，数缕金红色的光线穿透了白云，划过天空。 　语料运用 ①随着春天的临近，大地被覆盖了一层绿色。(with复合结构) ________________________，the earth gets covered with a layer of green． ②当我们接近群山环绕的露营地时，我们几乎无法抑制自己的兴奋。(过去分词作定语) As we approached the campsite ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________， we could hardly contain our excitement． ③沐浴在金色的阳光里，我们躺在草地上，心情轻松。(过去分词作状语) ____________________________________，we lay on the grass with a light heart． ④鸟儿在欢快地歌唱，好像它们在热情地迎接我们。(as if引导方式状语从句) Birds were singing happily ____________________________________． ⑤我的家人轻松地聊天，过去的美好回忆涌上心头。(独立主格结构) My family chatted comfortably，____________________________________． 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第二册　UNIT 4 单元词句 语境背记 核心词汇 1．individual　2．nearby　3．conquer　4．amount　5．gallery　6．ensure　7．position　8．feast　9．custom　10．striking　11．battle　12．roll　13．charge　14．chief　15．approach 阅读词汇 1．哲学　2．后裔；后代；子孙　3．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟　4．王国；领域　5．通货；货币　6．军事的；军用的　7．港口(城市) 　8．ancestor　9．courtyard　10．snack　11．transition　12．roar　13．scent　14．county 拓展词汇 1．evident　2．poem；poetry　3．greeting　4．achievement　5．generously；generosity　6．illegal；illegally　7．surrounding；　surroundings　8．eagerly；eagerness　9．crowded　10．puzzling；puzzled　11．defence；defensive　12．location；local 13．announcement；announcer　14．fascinating；fascinated；fascination 高频短语 1．belong to　2．as well as　3．keep your eyes open (for) 　4．break away (from sb．/sth．)　5．把……和……连接或联结起来　6．接管；掌管　7．留下；抛下；把……抛在后面 语境串记 1．puzzled　2．but　3．leaving　4．where　5．was surrounded　6．dotted　7．for　8．a　9．achievements　10．to go 考点归纳 精准讲练 1．①in　②for　③in [完美写作]the fierce hungry wolf sprang to its feet suddenly，charged at me 2．①Approached　②getting；Approaching　③At [完美写作]approached her husband and threw herself into his arms 3．①is imported　②are spent [完美写作]control the amount of 4．①eagerness　②eagerly　③to invite [完美写作]I was really eager to help them 5．①out　②down　③away [完美写作]she suddenly broke down in tears 6．①If so　②If not　③If necessary　④If possible [完美写作]If not 7．①to approach　②focused　③enjoying [完美写作]With the bright moon up in the sky 基础巩固 达标训练 Ⅰ．1．surroundings；surrounded；surrounding　2．evident；evidence　3．charged　4．defence；to defend　5．announced；　announcement　6．to achieve；achievement　7．eagerness；　eagerly　8．fascinating；fascinated　9．belonging　10．rolling Ⅱ．1．(1)C　(2)A　(3)B 2．(1)B　(2)A 3．B　4．B Ⅲ．1．what seemed like forever　2．With the stadium set up 3．had it repaired quickly 主题引领 写作提能 应用文写作 Step 1 ①I know with delight that you are interested in the Palace Museum　②is located in the center of Beijing　③It covers an area of 720 thousand square meters　④The Palace Museum has collected about　⑤was listed by　⑥only when you visit it in person Step 2 ⑦Knowing with delight that you are interested in the Palace Museum，I'm writing to tell you something about the Palace Museum，which is also called the Forbidden City．⑧Located in the center of Beijing，the Palace Museum has a history of more than 600 years．⑨It covers an area of 720 thousand square meters，making it the biggest and most well­preserved palace in the world．⑩Only when you visit it in person can you fully enjoy its brilliance． Step 3 Dear Tom， Knowing with delight that you are interested in the Palace Museum，I'm writing to tell you something about the Palace Museum，which is also called the Forbidden City． As we all know，located in the center of Beijing，the Palace Museum has a history of more than 600 years．Besides，it covers an area of 720 thousand square meters，making it the biggest and most well­preserved palace in the world．The Palace Museum has collected about 1.8 million pieces of precious collections．In 1987，the Palace Museum was listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage site． Only when you visit it in person can you fully enjoy its brilliance．Looking forward to your reply． Yours， Li Hua 读后续写 Step 2 ①With spring approaching　②surrounded by mountains ③Bathed in the golden sunshine　④as if they were warmly greeting us　⑤sweet memories of the past crowding in on us 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$