专题11 语法知识之定语从句-2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题11 语法知识之定语从句 一、从句概述 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词，定语从句通常位于先行词之后，对其进行修饰和限定 ，让所描述的对象更加具体、明确。比如在句子 “The girl who is singing is my sister.” 中，“The girl” 是先行词，“who is singing” 就是定语从句，用来修饰 “the girl”，说明是 “正在唱歌的那个女孩” 。 二、构成要素 1.先行词：先行词是定语从句所修饰的对象，可以是名词，也可以是代词。它既可以指人，如 “the man”“the students”；也可以指物，像 “the book”“the car” 。例如：“The boy who won the race is my classmate.” 这里的 “the boy” 是先行词，指人；“I like the flowers which are in the garden.” 中 “the flowers” 是先行词，指物。 2.关系词：关系词在定语从句中起着至关重要的作用，它连接先行词和定语从句，同时在从句中充当一定的句子成分 。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 ①关系代词：常见的关系代词有 who（指人，在从句中作主语或宾语）、whom（指人，在从句中作宾语）、whose（指人或物，在从句中作定语）、which（指物，在从句中作主语或宾语）、that（指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语） 。 当先行词指人，且在从句中作主语时，用 who 或 that。例如：“The man who /that is standing there is my teacher.”（“who /that” 在从句 “is standing there” 中作主语） 当先行词指人，在从句中作宾语时，用 whom（较为正式）或 who、that，且作宾语时关系代词常可省略。例如：“The girl (whom /who/that) I met yesterday is very kind.”（“whom /who/that” 在从句 “I met yesterday” 中作宾语，可省略） 当先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语时，用 which 或 that。例如：“The book which /that is on the desk is mine.”（作主语）；“The bike (which /that) I bought last week is very cool.”（作宾语，可省略） 当表示所属关系，即 “…… 的” 时，用 whose。例如：“The boy whose hair is short is my brother.”（“whose” 修饰 “hair”，表示 “那个男孩的头发”）；“I like the house whose windows face south.”（“whose” 修饰 “windows”，表示 “房子的窗户”） ②关系副词：常见的关系副词有 when（表示时间，在从句中作时间状语）、where（表示地点，在从句中作地点状语）、why（表示原因，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是 “reason”） 。 当先行词表示时间，且在从句中作时间状语时，用 when。例如：“I still remember the day when I first went to school.”（“the day” 是先行词，“when” 在从句 “I first went to school” 中作时间状语，相当于 “on which”） 当先行词表示地点，且在从句中作地点状语时，用 where。例如：“This is the place where we had a picnic last week.”（“the place” 是先行词，“where” 在从句 “we had a picnic last week” 中作地点状语，相当于 “in which”） 当先行词是 “reason”，且在从句中作原因状语时，用 why。例如：“Do you know the reason why he was late?”（“the reason” 是先行词，“why” 在从句 “he was late” 中作原因状语，相当于 “for which”） 三、特殊情况 1.只用 that 不用 which 的情况 当先行词被序数词修饰时，如：“The first lesson that I learned is very interesting.”（“the first” 是序数词，修饰先行词 “lesson”，此时用 “that”） 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，如：“This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.”（“the most beautiful” 是形容词最高级，修饰先行词 “city”，用 “that”） 当先行词是 all, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时，如：“There is nothing that can stop us.”（先行词 “nothing” 是不定代词，用 “that”） 当先行词被 the only, the very 等修饰时，如：“He is the only person that I want to see.”（“the only” 修饰先行词 “person”，用 “that”） 当先行词既有人又有物时，如：“I saw a man and a dog that were running on the street.”（先行词 “a man and a dog” 既有人又有物，用 “that”） 2.只用 which 不用 that 的情况 当关系代词前有介词时，如：“This is the house in which I lived ten years ago.”（“in which” 不能换成 “in that”） 当引导非限制性定语从句（定语从句与先行词之间用逗号隔开，对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响句子主要意思）时，如：“The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.”（“which” 引导非限制性定语从句，不能用 “that”） 一、单项选择 1．_______, different cultures have different ways of celebrating festivals. A．It is known that B．As is known to all C．What is known D．Which is known that 2．The boy who ________ big eyes is my younger brother. A．have B．has C．is D．are 3．Carmen likes musicians who __________ different kinds of music. A．plays B．play C．is playing D．was playing different 4．I know the lady ________ is singing over there. She is our Chinese teacher. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 5．—What do you think of the TV programme called Readers? —Wonderful! It is the best programme ________ I have ever watched. A．when B．that C．what D．who 6．I don’t know the man near the door ________ is talking with Professor Wang. A．that B．when C．where D．which 7．My grandmother prefers to live in her house ________. There she can feed chickens and enjoy wild flowers. A．that lies in the center of a city B．which was built ten years ago C．which is in a very tall building D．that lies at the foot of a small hill 8．—CCTV has produced a TV show —Chinese Poetry Competition. Have you seen it? —Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, _______ studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan, is the winner. A．which B．where C．who D．whom 9．—Do you like National Treasure, the weekly TV show on CCTV? —Sure. It’s a great culture TV show ________ has been very popular in China. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 10．A removal man is the person who . A．moves furniture B．teaches children C．sells things to people D．types letters 11．―Do you know everybody came to the party? ―I'm afraid not. I don't know the one you had a long talk with. A．which; that B．/;whom C．that; which D．who;/ 12．Jack likes being with the classmates ________ are outgoing and kind. A．where B．which C．when D．who 13．Being blind is something _________ most people can’t imagine. A．who B．what C．that D．whom 14．That’s the reason ________ she left home. A．that B．why C．when D．for that 15．Tom did all _________ he could to get on well _________ his classmates. A．which; with B．that; / C．that; with D．/; / 16．The boy ____won the first prize is called Roy. A．when B．whom C．who D．which 17．Jane is one of the students in the class have ever been to China. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 18．Do you know the girl __________ dancing in the room? A．who are B．whom are C．whom is D．who is 19． The dog _______ played with you just now is _______. A．which; mine B．which; my C．what; mine D．what; my 20．I can’t find the bookstore _____ my father bought the book for me yesterday. A．who B．which C．when D．where 21．Do you like music makes you relaxed? A．it B．what C．who D．that 22．I don’t know the man _______ is looking after the old woman. A．that B．what C．which D．/ 23．This is the man with _______ I talked just now. A．who B．that C．which D．whom 24．The idea ____ they came up with was very good. A．then B．it C．/ D．what 25．—Do you know the boy ________ is under the tree? —Oh, he is my cousin. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 26．Is this the factory _________ some foreign friends visited last Monday? A．one B．where C．in that D．that 27．She hates people ________ don’t help others when they have trouble. A．whose B．/ C．whom D．who 28．—Have you heard of Hansel and Gretel? —Yes, Hansel is a smart boy ________ often comes up with a good idea. A．who B．whom C．where D．which 29．—Do you know the boy ____ is playing soccer there? —Certainly, he is a friend of my _____. A．who; brother’s B．who; brother C．whom; brother’s D．whose; brother 30．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school __________ I met in the English speech contest last year. A．who B．where C．when D．which 31．Do you know the man ________ is talking with the teacher? A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 32．The boy wishes to have a magic pen ________ can help him finish his homework quickly. A．who B．what C．which D．whose 33．The man ________ is playing the guitar is a famous musician. A．who B．which C．what D．where 34．The first challenge was the variety of accents, ________ made it difficult for us to understand each other. A．what B．that C．which D．this 35．The song ________ not only has a beautiful melody but also ________ meaningful lyrics is my favourite. A．who; have B．which; has C．that; have D．whose; has 二、完形填空 阅读短文,掌握其大意,然后从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Exercise shapes your body and 36 . How can we keep healthy? 37 do you exercise? Do you eat healthily? Many people have their own ideas. Here are some of 38 . One of the most popular ways is to do sports 39 running, walking and playing ball games. Mr Zhang 40 keeps exercising every day, although (尽管) he is 70 years old. He usually 41 at about 5:00 a. m. and runs around the Central Park for about 5 kilometers. Then he gets back home, takes a 42 and has breakfast. Jim is a 13-year-old boy. He likes playing volleyball because he thinks it can build his team 43 . Eating some fruit and vegetables is also a very good way to help you to keep 44 meals. Fruit and vegetables are 45 vitamins (维他命). They are good for our 46 . For example, watermelons have a lot of vitamin C． We can find that it is good for our body and our skin (皮肤) can also become 47 . What’s more, having enough sleep is very important. For teenagers, 48 they don’t have enough sleep, they may feel 49 during classes. All in all, doing exercise and having these good habits can help to 50 your study and life. 36．A．luck B．mind C．advice D．goal 37．A．How soon B．How many C．How old D．How often 38．A．them B．they C．their D．us 39．A．focus on B．because of C．such as D．for example 40．A．slowly B．never C．hardly D．still 41．A．puts up B．gets up C．picks up D．hands up 42．A．moment B．shower C．message D．menu 43．A．spirit B．choice C．energy D．culture 44．A．bright B．poor C．balanced D．double 45．A．made of B．go with C．belong to D．full of 46．A．festival B．voice C．weight D．health 47．A．playful B．awful C．better D．colorful 48．A．if B．and C．but D．so 49．A．interested B．tired C．scary D．unhappy 50．A．relax B．serve C．cause D．improve 三、阅读理解 Chen Kaiyin from Beijing pays 2,000 yuan and “adopts” a panda at Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo. The zoo will use the money to buy food for its animals. As for Chen, she can learn about the panda’s daily life online (在网上) and go to the zoo for free. She can also have the chance (机会) to look after the animal. Animals like golden monkeys and tigers are also on the adoption list, according to the zoo. Each animal has its own profile (简介) including a photo, its age and character (性格). People can adopt the animals in their own name, in the name of their family or school. When visitor numbers go down greatly, online adoption helps the Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo get through the hard times. Like Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo, many zoos also face the same kind of problems.  ▲  For example, Shanghai wildlife Park livestreams (网上直播) from 9 to 11 a.m. every day to show how the animals live. Thousands of people watch pandas eat bamboo online. Now, the zoo has many fans (粉丝). In Jiangsu, a cute monkey named Kai Sa becomes a star at Nanjing Forest Safari Park. Many fans go and see it every weekend. Beijing Zoo brings out ice creams in the shape of elephants, giraffes and pandas. It also makes lovely toy tigers. These new ways make people think that modern zoos should not be places for visitors to just see animals. Zoos can help people know more about animals and then protect them. 51．If we adopt a panda at Nanjing Hongshan Forest zoo, we can _______. ①visit the zoo for free             ②look after it ③know more about its life         ④livestream its life online A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ 52．Which sentence can be put in the in  ▲  Paragraph 4？ A．And they are trying to ask people for help online. B．But they really don’t know what to do to change it. C．However, some of them think of new ideas to make money. D．They work together and find a new way to protect animals. 53．______ helps Nanjing Forest Safari Park get through the hard times. A．Making a cute monkey popular B．Livestreaming the life of animals C．Giving lovely toy tigers to children D．Selling different kinds of ice cream 54．What does the underlined word “adopts” mean in Chinese? A．购买 B．认养 C．寄养 D．赠送 55．What can we learn from the passage? A．Visitor numbers keep going up in zoos all over the country. B．Shanghai Wildlife Park livestreams for 3 hours every morning. C．People can only adopt pandas at Nanjing Hongshan Forest zoo. D．The zoo can buy food for its animals with the money from people’s adoption. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题11 语法知识之定语从句 一、从句概述 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词，定语从句通常位于先行词之后，对其进行修饰和限定 ，让所描述的对象更加具体、明确。比如在句子 “The girl who is singing is my sister.” 中，“The girl” 是先行词，“who is singing” 就是定语从句，用来修饰 “the girl”，说明是 “正在唱歌的那个女孩” 。 二、构成要素 1.先行词：先行词是定语从句所修饰的对象，可以是名词，也可以是代词。它既可以指人，如 “the man”“the students”；也可以指物，像 “the book”“the car” 。例如：“The boy who won the race is my classmate.” 这里的 “the boy” 是先行词，指人；“I like the flowers which are in the garden.” 中 “the flowers” 是先行词，指物。 2.关系词：关系词在定语从句中起着至关重要的作用，它连接先行词和定语从句，同时在从句中充当一定的句子成分 。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 ①关系代词：常见的关系代词有 who（指人，在从句中作主语或宾语）、whom（指人，在从句中作宾语）、whose（指人或物，在从句中作定语）、which（指物，在从句中作主语或宾语）、that（指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语） 。 当先行词指人，且在从句中作主语时，用 who 或 that。例如：“The man who /that is standing there is my teacher.”（“who /that” 在从句 “is standing there” 中作主语） 当先行词指人，在从句中作宾语时，用 whom（较为正式）或 who、that，且作宾语时关系代词常可省略。例如：“The girl (whom /who/that) I met yesterday is very kind.”（“whom /who/that” 在从句 “I met yesterday” 中作宾语，可省略） 当先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语时，用 which 或 that。例如：“The book which /that is on the desk is mine.”（作主语）；“The bike (which /that) I bought last week is very cool.”（作宾语，可省略） 当表示所属关系，即 “…… 的” 时，用 whose。例如：“The boy whose hair is short is my brother.”（“whose” 修饰 “hair”，表示 “那个男孩的头发”）；“I like the house whose windows face south.”（“whose” 修饰 “windows”，表示 “房子的窗户”） ②关系副词：常见的关系副词有 when（表示时间，在从句中作时间状语）、where（表示地点，在从句中作地点状语）、why（表示原因，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是 “reason”） 。 当先行词表示时间，且在从句中作时间状语时，用 when。例如：“I still remember the day when I first went to school.”（“the day” 是先行词，“when” 在从句 “I first went to school” 中作时间状语，相当于 “on which”） 当先行词表示地点，且在从句中作地点状语时，用 where。例如：“This is the place where we had a picnic last week.”（“the place” 是先行词，“where” 在从句 “we had a picnic last week” 中作地点状语，相当于 “in which”） 当先行词是 “reason”，且在从句中作原因状语时，用 why。例如：“Do you know the reason why he was late?”（“the reason” 是先行词，“why” 在从句 “he was late” 中作原因状语，相当于 “for which”） 三、特殊情况 1.只用 that 不用 which 的情况 当先行词被序数词修饰时，如：“The first lesson that I learned is very interesting.”（“the first” 是序数词，修饰先行词 “lesson”，此时用 “that”） 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，如：“This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.”（“the most beautiful” 是形容词最高级，修饰先行词 “city”，用 “that”） 当先行词是 all, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时，如：“There is nothing that can stop us.”（先行词 “nothing” 是不定代词，用 “that”） 当先行词被 the only, the very 等修饰时，如：“He is the only person that I want to see.”（“the only” 修饰先行词 “person”，用 “that”） 当先行词既有人又有物时，如：“I saw a man and a dog that were running on the street.”（先行词 “a man and a dog” 既有人又有物，用 “that”） 2.只用 which 不用 that 的情况 当关系代词前有介词时，如：“This is the house in which I lived ten years ago.”（“in which” 不能换成 “in that”） 当引导非限制性定语从句（定语从句与先行词之间用逗号隔开，对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响句子主要意思）时，如：“The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.”（“which” 引导非限制性定语从句，不能用 “that”） 一、单项选择 1．_______, different cultures have different ways of celebrating festivals. A．It is known that B．As is known to all C．What is known D．Which is known that 2．The boy who ________ big eyes is my younger brother. A．have B．has C．is D．are 3．Carmen likes musicians who __________ different kinds of music. A．plays B．play C．is playing D．was playing different 4．I know the lady ________ is singing over there. She is our Chinese teacher. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 5．—What do you think of the TV programme called Readers? —Wonderful! It is the best programme ________ I have ever watched. A．when B．that C．what D．who 6．I don’t know the man near the door ________ is talking with Professor Wang. A．that B．when C．where D．which 7．My grandmother prefers to live in her house ________. There she can feed chickens and enjoy wild flowers. A．that lies in the center of a city B．which was built ten years ago C．which is in a very tall building D．that lies at the foot of a small hill 8．—CCTV has produced a TV show —Chinese Poetry Competition. Have you seen it? —Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, _______ studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan, is the winner. A．which B．where C．who D．whom 9．—Do you like National Treasure, the weekly TV show on CCTV? —Sure. It’s a great culture TV show ________ has been very popular in China. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 10．A removal man is the person who . A．moves furniture B．teaches children C．sells things to people D．types letters 11．―Do you know everybody came to the party? ―I'm afraid not. I don't know the one you had a long talk with. A．which; that B．/;whom C．that; which D．who;/ 12．Jack likes being with the classmates ________ are outgoing and kind. A．where B．which C．when D．who 13．Being blind is something _________ most people can’t imagine. A．who B．what C．that D．whom 14．That’s the reason ________ she left home. A．that B．why C．when D．for that 15．Tom did all _________ he could to get on well _________ his classmates. A．which; with B．that; / C．that; with D．/; / 16．The boy ____won the first prize is called Roy. A．when B．whom C．who D．which 17．Jane is one of the students in the class have ever been to China. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 18．Do you know the girl __________ dancing in the room? A．who are B．whom are C．whom is D．who is 19． The dog _______ played with you just now is _______. A．which; mine B．which; my C．what; mine D．what; my 20．I can’t find the bookstore _____ my father bought the book for me yesterday. A．who B．which C．when D．where 21．Do you like music makes you relaxed? A．it B．what C．who D．that 22．I don’t know the man _______ is looking after the old woman. A．that B．what C．which D．/ 23．This is the man with _______ I talked just now. A．who B．that C．which D．whom 24．The idea ____ they came up with was very good. A．then B．it C．/ D．what 25．—Do you know the boy ________ is under the tree? —Oh, he is my cousin. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 26．Is this the factory _________ some foreign friends visited last Monday? A．one B．where C．in that D．that 27．She hates people ________ don’t help others when they have trouble. A．whose B．/ C．whom D．who 28．—Have you heard of Hansel and Gretel? —Yes, Hansel is a smart boy ________ often comes up with a good idea. A．who B．whom C．where D．which 29．—Do you know the boy ____ is playing soccer there? —Certainly, he is a friend of my _____. A．who; brother’s B．who; brother C．whom; brother’s D．whose; brother 30．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school __________ I met in the English speech contest last year. A．who B．where C．when D．which 31．Do you know the man ________ is talking with the teacher? A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 32．The boy wishes to have a magic pen ________ can help him finish his homework quickly. A．who B．what C．which D．whose 33．The man ________ is playing the guitar is a famous musician. A．who B．which C．what D．where 34．The first challenge was the variety of accents, ________ made it difficult for us to understand each other. A．what B．that C．which D．this 35．The song ________ not only has a beautiful melody but also ________ meaningful lyrics is my favourite. A．who; have B．which; has C．that; have D．whose; has 二、完形填空 阅读短文,掌握其大意,然后从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Exercise shapes your body and 36 . How can we keep healthy? 37 do you exercise? Do you eat healthily? Many people have their own ideas. Here are some of 38 . One of the most popular ways is to do sports 39 running, walking and playing ball games. Mr Zhang 40 keeps exercising every day, although (尽管) he is 70 years old. He usually 41 at about 5:00 a. m. and runs around the Central Park for about 5 kilometers. Then he gets back home, takes a 42 and has breakfast. Jim is a 13-year-old boy. He likes playing volleyball because he thinks it can build his team 43 . Eating some fruit and vegetables is also a very good way to help you to keep 44 meals. Fruit and vegetables are 45 vitamins (维他命). They are good for our 46 . For example, watermelons have a lot of vitamin C． We can find that it is good for our body and our skin (皮肤) can also become 47 . What’s more, having enough sleep is very important. For teenagers, 48 they don’t have enough sleep, they may feel 49 during classes. All in all, doing exercise and having these good habits can help to 50 your study and life. 36．A．luck B．mind C．advice D．goal 37．A．How soon B．How many C．How old D．How often 38．A．them B．they C．their D．us 39．A．focus on B．because of C．such as D．for example 40．A．slowly B．never C．hardly D．still 41．A．puts up B．gets up C．picks up D．hands up 42．A．moment B．shower C．message D．menu 43．A．spirit B．choice C．energy D．culture 44．A．bright B．poor C．balanced D．double 45．A．made of B．go with C．belong to D．full of 46．A．festival B．voice C．weight D．health 47．A．playful B．awful C．better D．colorful 48．A．if B．and C．but D．so 49．A．interested B．tired C．scary D．unhappy 50．A．relax B．serve C．cause D．improve 三、阅读理解 Chen Kaiyin from Beijing pays 2,000 yuan and “adopts” a panda at Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo. The zoo will use the money to buy food for its animals. As for Chen, she can learn about the panda’s daily life online (在网上) and go to the zoo for free. She can also have the chance (机会) to look after the animal. Animals like golden monkeys and tigers are also on the adoption list, according to the zoo. Each animal has its own profile (简介) including a photo, its age and character (性格). People can adopt the animals in their own name, in the name of their family or school. When visitor numbers go down greatly, online adoption helps the Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo get through the hard times. Like Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo, many zoos also face the same kind of problems.  ▲  For example, Shanghai wildlife Park livestreams (网上直播) from 9 to 11 a.m. every day to show how the animals live. Thousands of people watch pandas eat bamboo online. Now, the zoo has many fans (粉丝). In Jiangsu, a cute monkey named Kai Sa becomes a star at Nanjing Forest Safari Park. Many fans go and see it every weekend. Beijing Zoo brings out ice creams in the shape of elephants, giraffes and pandas. It also makes lovely toy tigers. These new ways make people think that modern zoos should not be places for visitors to just see animals. Zoos can help people know more about animals and then protect them. 51．If we adopt a panda at Nanjing Hongshan Forest zoo, we can _______. ①visit the zoo for free             ②look after it ③know more about its life         ④livestream its life online A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ 52．Which sentence can be put in the in  ▲  Paragraph 4？ A．And they are trying to ask people for help online. B．But they really don’t know what to do to change it. C．However, some of them think of new ideas to make money. D．They work together and find a new way to protect animals. 53．______ helps Nanjing Forest Safari Park get through the hard times. A．Making a cute monkey popular B．Livestreaming the life of animals C．Giving lovely toy tigers to children D．Selling different kinds of ice cream 54．What does the underlined word “adopts” mean in Chinese? A．购买 B．认养 C．寄养 D．赠送 55．What can we learn from the passage? A．Visitor numbers keep going up in zoos all over the country. B．Shanghai Wildlife Park livestreams for 3 hours every morning. C．People can only adopt pandas at Nanjing Hongshan Forest zoo. D．The zoo can buy food for its animals with the money from people’s adoption. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】句意：众所周知，不同的文化有不同的庆祝节日的方式。 考查定语从句。It is known that这种结构中，“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是由“that”引导的主语从句，直接跟从句，不用逗号隔开；As is known to all这种结构中，“as”引导一个非限制性定语从句，用来描述某个事实或现象是众所周知的，后用逗号隔开；What is known相当于一个名词，可以作句子的主语、表语或宾语，在此处不符合；Which is known that表达有误，一般用Which is known to all，和As is known to all意思一样。故选B。 2．B 【解析】句意：这个有着大眼睛的男孩是我的弟弟。 考查主谓一致。该句含有who引导的定语从句，关系词who指代“the boy”，且在从句中作主语，谓语动词应该跟“the boy”保持一致；根据句意，应该是“有”大眼睛，空上缺实义动词“有”；“the boy”是第三人称单数，从句谓语应用has。故选B。 3．B 【解析】句意：卡门喜欢能演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。 考查动词时态。根据“Carmen likes musicians…”可知，时态为一般现在时；关系代词who代替先行词musicians，在从句中作主语，谓语动词应使用动词原形，故选B。 4．B 【解析】句意：我认识在那边唱歌的那位女士。她是我们的语文老师。 考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词lady是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选B。 5．B 【解析】句意：——你认为电视节目《朗读者》怎么样？——太棒了！这是我看过的最好的节目。 考查定语从句。when关系副词，作时间状语；that关系代词，先行词可以是人或物；what什么；who关系代词，先行词是人。此处定语从句先行词“programme”指物且被形容词最高级修饰，只可用关系代词that。故选B。 6．A 【解析】句意：我不认识门边和王教授谈话的那个人。 考查关系代词。that关系代词，既可以指人又可以指物，在定语从句中做主语、表语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；when关系副词；where关系副词；which关系代词，指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构，本句中的“is talking with Professor Wang”在复合句中作定语从句，由于先行词the man（near the door作定语）为下文定语从句的逻辑主语，且指人，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that/who，故选A。 7．D 【解析】句意：我祖母喜欢住在她位于小山脚下的房子里。在那里她可以养鸡和欣赏野花。 考查定语从句。that lies in the center of a city位于市中心；which was built ten years ago十年前建的；which is in a very tall building在一栋很高的建筑物里；that lies at the foot of a small hill位于一座小山脚下。根据“There she can feed chickens and enjoy wild flowers.”可知，她喜欢住的房子应该位于小山脚下。故选D。 8．C 【解析】句意：——中央电视台推出了一档电视节目——《中国诗词大会》。你看了吗？——当然。复旦附属中学学生16岁的武亦姝是冠军。 考查定语从句。which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；where关系副词，先行词指地点，在从句中作状语；who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；句子先行词是Wu Yishu，指人且在从句中作主语，用who，故选C。 9．C 【解析】句意：——你喜欢中央电视台的每周电视节目《国家宝藏》吗?——当然。这是一个很好的文化节目，在中国很受欢迎。 考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词TV show是指物，在从句中作主语，用关系词which或that，故选C。 10．A 【解析】句意“搬运工就是搬家具的人”。 A.搬家具；B.教小孩；C.买东西给人们；D.打字。根据removal man“搬运工”可知，搬运工就是搬家具的人，故选A。 11．D 【解析】本题考查：定语从句。选项分析：which做定语从句的关系代词时指代前面的物； that 做关系代词时既可指人也可指物 ，who做关系代词时，指人。whom指人，但需在从句中做宾语成分。综合分析前后文及答案选项，依据前面的everybody可知后面用who作为关系代词，可知此处填who最合适，其中I don't know the one you had a long talk with.中the one是talk with的宾语，此处可用whom引导，也可以省略关系代词。完整句意为：—Do you know everybody who came to the party? —I'm afraid not. I don't know the one you had a long talk with.—你认识所有来参加聚会的人吗?—恐怕不是。我不认识那个和你谈了很久的人。正确答案为：D 【点睛】which与that两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于： 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which。如：She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。 直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which。先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that。如：This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。 12．D 【解析】句意：杰克喜欢和性格开朗、和蔼可亲的同学在一起。A. where在哪；B. which哪个；C. when何时；D. who谁。这里是定语从句，先行词是the classmates是名词，表示人，关系词用who。根据题意，故选D。 13．C 【解析】句意：失明是大多数人无法想象的。 考查定语从句。此句是一个定语从句，先行词something是不定代词，关系词应用that，故选C。 14．B 【解析】句意：那就是她离家的原因。 考查定语从句。这是一个定语从句，the reason是先行词，表示原因，从句成分完整，所以关系词用why。故选B。 15．C 【解析】句意：玛丽做了所有能做的事情来和她的同学搞好关系。 考查定语从句。which/that先行词指物或事情，关系词在定语从句中主语或宾语，all 是先行词是不定代词，如:all ,few, little, much,等，只用that不用which。get on well with sb和某人相处的好。故选C。 16．C 【解析】句意：获得一等奖的男孩叫罗伊。 本题主要考查定语从句。本题中修饰boy是一个定语从句，先行词是boy，修饰人的用who，在从句中做主语，故选C。 17．A 【解析】试题分析：句意：简是我们班一个去过中国的学生之一。当先行词是人时，引导词用who/that.结合句意，故选A 考点：考查定语从句的用法。 18．D 【解析】试题分析：句意：你认识正在房间跳舞的那个女孩吗？此题考查定语从句。根据句意，应选D。 考点：考查定语从句。 19．A 【解析】句意：刚才和你一起玩的那条狗是我的。 Which哪一个；what什么；mine名词性物主代词，我的；my形容词性物主代词，我的。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。先行词dog在定语从句中作主语可用关系代词which代替。所以选A。 20．D 【解析】试题分析：根据语境可知此句考查的是定语从句的引导词，因先行词是the bookstore，在定语从句做地点状语故用引导词where，故选D。 考点：定语从句的引导词 点评：做此题的关键是找准先行词，是人还是物，是表示时间还是地点，在从句中做什么句子成分，然后根据语法选择正确的引导词。 21．D 【解析】句意：你喜欢让你放松的音乐吗？ 考查定语从句，A.it它；B. what什么；C. who谁；D. that那个；修饰名词音乐是一个定语从句，在定语从句中先行词是物的可用that或which关系词，故选D。 22．A 【解析】句意：我不认识正在照顾老太太的那个人。先行词是人时，引导词可以是who或that，先行词是物时引导词是which或that，what不引导定语从句；根据先行词the man可知选A。 23．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是刚刚和我说话的人。先行词为the man，引导词用whom,在从句中作宾语，短语：和某人谈话 talk with sb,所以此空应填with whom，选D。 24．C 【解析】考查的是定语从句。句意：他们想出的主意非常好。先行词为The idea，从句中they came up with后缺少宾语，所以应用关系代词which/that，作宾语时关系词可省略，故选C。 25．A 【解析】句意：——你认识树下的那个男孩吗？——哦，他是我的表哥。 考查定语从句的关系词。who先行词指人，在从句中作主语；whose谁的，在从句中作定语；whom先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；which哪一个，先行词指物。本句中先行词the boy指人，且从句中缺少主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选A。 26．D 【解析】句意：这是一些外国朋友上周一参观的工厂吗? 考查定语从句的引导词。one一个；where关系副词，在定语从句中做地点状语；in that因为，引导状语从句；that关系代词，指代人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构可知本句包含一个定语从句，先行词“the factory”是物，在定语从句中作宾语，可以用that或which来引导定语从句，也可以省略引导词。故选D。 27．D 【解析】句意：她讨厌那些当别人有麻烦的时候不去帮忙的人。 考查定语从句的关系词。whose谁的；whom谁，宾格；who谁，主格。根据“She hates people … don’t help others when they have trouble.”可知，该句为定语从句；关系词“people”指人，故关系词要用who/whom；再根据“… don’t help others when they have trouble”可知，定语从句缺少主语，故要用who。故选D。 28．A 【解析】句意：——你听说过汉斯和格莱托吗？——是的，汉斯是一个聪明的男孩，他经常会想出一些好主意。 考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，修饰人，做主语，宾语或表语；whom引导定语从句，修饰人，作宾语或表语；where引导定语从句，修饰地点；which引导定语从句，修饰事物。此处先行词boy，表示人，定语从句缺少主语，因此用who引导，故选A。 29．A 【解析】句意：——你认识在那里踢足球的那个男孩吗？——当然，他是我哥哥的一个朋友。 考查定语从句和名词所有格。根据“Do you know the boy …is playing soccer there?”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为the boy，指人，使用who，在从句作主语；a friend of my brother’s“我哥哥的一个朋友”，此处使用名词所有格。故选A。 30．A 【解析】句意：我和我学校的几个学生成了好朋友，他们是我去年在英语演讲比赛中认识的。 考查定语从句的关系词。who 表明先行词是人（一般在从句中充当主语或宾语）；which 表明先行词是物（也指事）在限定性定语从句中作主语或宾语（=that）,在非限定性定语从句中只能which；where表明先行词是地点，when引导定语从句时，先行词是时间的词。句子中先行词the students是人。故选A.。 31．C 【解析】句意：你认识正在和老师谈话的那个男人吗？ 考查定语从句。which哪一个；whose谁的；who谁；whom谁（宾格）。先行词是the man，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词是who。故选C。 32．C 【解析】句意：这个男孩希望有一支能帮助他快速完成家庭作业的魔法笔。 考查定语从句关系词的用法。who引导定语从句先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语；what什么，不能引导定语从句；which引导定语从句先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose引导定语从句先行词指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。先行词“a magic pen”是物，且关系词在定语从句“...can help him finish his homework quickly”中作主语，所以用which引导。故选C。 33．A 【解析】句意：在弹吉他的男人是一位著名音乐家。 考查定语从句关系词。根据“The man ... is playing the guitar is a famous musician.”可知，此处先行词是人，应用that或者who修饰。故选A。 34．C 【解析】句意：第一个挑战是各种各样的口音，这让我们很难理解对方。 考查定语从句的引导词。what什么；that那个；which哪一个；this这个。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，因此引导词用which，指代“the variety of accents”，在定语从句中充当主语。故选C。 35．B 【解析】句意：不仅有美丽旋律又有很有意义的歌词的这首歌是我的最爱。 考查定语从句引导词和主谓一致原则。who定语从句中先行词是人的时候使用的引导词；which定语从句中先行词是事物的时候使用的引导词；that定语从句中先行词是人或事物的时候使用的引导词；whose定语从句中表示所属关系的引导词。根据“The song ... not only has a beautiful melody but also ... meaningful lyrics is my favourite.”可知，先行词是事物类，定语从句引导词用that或which；因为本句话为一般现在时态，且主语为单数第三人称，第二个空用动词的单数第三人称形式has。故选B。 二、 36．B 37．D 38．A 39．C 40．D 41．B 42．B 43．A 44．C 45．D 46．D 47．C 48．A 49．B 50．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何保持健康，包括通过运动、健康饮食和充足睡眠等方式，并强调了这些好习惯对学习和生活的积极影响。 36．句意：运动塑造你的身体和大脑。 luck运气；mind大脑，思维；advice建议；goal目标。根据语境可知，运动不仅塑造身体，还塑造大脑。故选B。 37．句意：你多久锻炼一次？ How soon多久之后；How many多少；How old多大；How often多久一次。根据下文“Mr Zhang...keeps exercising every day”可知，此处询问锻炼的频率。故选D。 38．句意：以下是一些他们的想法。 them他们，宾格；they他们，主格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；us我们，宾格。根据上文“Many people have their own ideas.”可知，此处指代这些人的想法，且位于介词of后，应用宾格them。故选A。 39．句意：最流行的方式之一是做运动，比如跑步、散步和打球。 focus on集中于；because of因为；such as例如，用于列举同类事物中的几个例子；for example例如，用于举例说明，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末。根据“running, walking and playing ball games”可知，此处列举了运动的几种形式，应用such as。故选C。 40．句意：尽管张先生已经70岁了，但他仍然坚持每天锻炼。 slowly缓慢地；never从不；hardly几乎不；still仍然。根据“although (尽管) he is 70 years old”可知，尽管已经70岁了，他仍然坚持锻炼。故选D。 41．句意：他通常早上5点左右起床，在中央公园跑大约5公里。 puts up张贴；gets up起床；picks up捡起；hands up举手。根据“at about 5:00 a. m.”可知，此处指早上5点起床。故选B。 42．句意：然后他回到家，洗个澡，吃早餐。 moment时刻；shower淋浴；message信息；menu菜单。根据“takes a...and has breakfast”可知，此处指洗澡后吃早餐。故选B。 43．句意：他喜欢打排球，因为他认为这可以培养他的团队精神。 spirit精神；choice选择；energy能量；culture文化。根据“He likes playing volleyball because he thinks it can build his team...”可知，此处指培养团队精神。故选A。 44．句意：吃一些水果和蔬菜也是帮助你在两餐之间保持均衡饮食的一个很好的方法。 bright明亮的；poor贫穷的；balanced均衡的；double双倍的。根据“Eating some fruit and vegetables is also a very good way to help you to keep...meals.”可知，此处指保持均衡饮食。故选C。 45．句意：水果和蔬菜富含维生素。 made of由……制成；go with伴随；belong to属于；full of充满。根据“Fruit and vegetables are...vitamins (维他命).”可知，此处指水果和蔬菜富含维生素。故选D。 46．句意：它们对我们的健康有好处。 festival节日；voice声音；weight重量；health健康。根据“They are good for our...”可知，此处指对健康有好处。故选D。 47．句意：我们可以发现它对我们的身体有好处，我们的皮肤也会变得更好。 playful爱玩的；awful可怕的；better更好的；colorful多彩的。根据“We can find that it is good for our body and our skin (皮肤) can also become...”可知，此处指皮肤会变得更好。故选C。 48．句意：对于青少年来说，如果他们没有足够的睡眠，他们可能会在课堂上感到疲倦。 if如果；and和；but但是；so所以。根据“...they don’t have enough sleep, they may feel...during classes.”可知，此处是假设条件，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 49．句意：对于青少年来说，如果他们没有足够的睡眠，他们可能会在课堂上感到疲倦。 interested感兴趣的；tired疲倦的；scary可怕的；unhappy不开心的。根据“What’s more, having enough sleep is very important.”可知，此处指没有足够睡眠会感到疲倦。故选B。 50．句意：总之，做运动和养成这些好习惯有助于提高你的学习和生活。 relax放松；serve服务；cause引起；improve提高。根据“doing exercise and having these good habits can help to...your study and life.”可知，此处指有助于提高学习和生活。故选D。 三、 51．A 52．C 53．A 54．B 55．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了动物园通过认养动物的方式来筹集资金为动物购买食物，并介绍了动物园采取的新措施来吸引游客和增加收入。 51．细节理解题。根据“As for Chen, she can learn about the panda’s daily life online (在网上) and go to the zoo for free. She can also have the chance (机会) to look after the animal.”可知，认养熊猫后可以免费参观动物园、了解更多关于熊猫的生活以及有机会照顾它。故选A。 52．推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，本段主要讲述了动物园面临游客数量下降的问题，并举例说明了动物园采取的新措施来吸引游客和增加收入。因此，此处需要一个过渡句来引出这些新措施，选项C“然而，他们中的一些人想出了赚钱的新点子”符合语境。故选C。 53．细节理解题。根据“In Jiangsu, a cute monkey named Kai Sa becomes a star at Nanjing Forest Safari Park. Many fans go and see it every weekend.”可知，让一只可爱的猴子走红，帮助南京森林野生动物园度过了难关。故选A。 54．词句猜测题。根据“Chen Kaiyin from Beijing pays 2,000 yuan and ‘adopts’ a panda at Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo.”并结合下文内容可知，她支付两千元，可以了解更多关于熊猫的生活、免费参观动物园以及有机会照顾它等内容，可以推断出“adopts”意为“认养”。故选B。 55．细节理解题。根据“The zoo will use the money to buy food for its animals.”可知，动物园可以用人们认养的钱给动物买食物。故选D。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$