虚拟语气知识梳理与专项训练讲义-2025届高考英语一轮复习专项

虚拟语气笔记整理 一.虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用 1. as if /though + 方式状语从句 与现在事实相反,或对现在情况有所怀疑,从句谓语动词用过去时。 与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时。 ※如果as if/as though后的从句有明显的迹象表示可能发生时,不用虚拟语气。 It is so cloudy. It looks as if it is going to rain. 2. 在非真实的条件状语从句中的使用 1)虚拟条件句—与现在事实相反 从句 did (be动词用were) 主句 would (could/should/might) + 动词原形 2)虚拟条件句—与过去事实相反 从句 had done 主句 would (could/should/might) + have done 3)虚拟条件句—与将来事实相反 从句 did (be动词用were)/should +动词原形/were to +动词原形 主句 would (could/should/might) +动词原形 非真实虚拟语气的注意事项——倒装 如果虚拟条件句中含有were,should,had三个词(其中should是助动词),可将if省略,把这三个词前置到主语之前,形成部分倒装。 非真实虚拟语气的注意事项——错综时间 错综时间虚拟句 当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间虚拟句。 If it had rained last night, it would be very cold today. 非真实虚拟语气的注意事项——含蓄 含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。 A 由Without, but for 等介词短语构成含蓄的虚拟语气。 But for your help, I would have failed. Without water, it would be impossible to live in the desert. B. 含有 but,or (else), otherwise 的含蓄的虚拟语气。 这是一种事实和虚拟假设相混合的虚拟条件句。or, otherwise 或but前后并列的其中一个分句往往表示一种含蓄的虚拟语气,表示本可以做某事,但实际上并没有;而另一分句则往往陈述的是实际情况或客观事实,用陈述语气。 I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. (or else=if I had known he was a cheat) I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. (otherwise=if I were not so busy) 二 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1. wish 后接的宾语从句 2. would rather 后宾语从句中的使用 would rather, had rather等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。 表示现在或将来的愿望:did 表示过去的愿望:had done 3. 表示要求,命令,建议等动词后的宾语从句。 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,谓语 动词“should + 动词原形”,should 可以省略。 【助记】口诀记忆虚拟动词 一坚持 (insist) 二命令 (order,command) 三建议 (suggest, propose, advise) 四要求 (require,request,demand, ask) 注意 : 如 suggest, insist 表示“建议” 或“坚持要求”时,后接宾语从句使用虚拟语气;若它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。 三 虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用 表示请求、要求、命令、建议等的名词 advice, desire, instruction, order, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语从句时要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。 My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down. 四 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用 1. It’s +adj./n. + that 从句 在该结构中,若形容词为 necessary / strange / natural / essential/ important /a pity / a shame / no wonder 等时,that引导的从句要用虚拟语气, 即(should)+动词原形。 It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that he should speak to his father like that. It’s necessary that we should study hard. It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 2. It is suggested+ that 从句 在“It is suggested (ordered, requested, required, proposed等) +that 从句”句型中,从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。 It is suggested that he (should) not spend too much time playing games. 五 虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用 1. It’s (about/high) time +that… 英语中,表示“早该做某事了”时,后接的 that 引导的定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:It is (high/about) time (that)+主语+ 动词的过去式/should + 动词原形。 其它类型的虚拟语气: 1. 由 If only 引导的感叹句中, “要是……就好了” 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with us! 要是我没错过火车就好了!If only I hadn’t missed the train! 2. 含有If it were not for 或 If it had not been for 的虚拟条件句。 要不是你的帮助,我们就不可能提前完成任务。 If it had not been for your help , we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. 3. I was wondering if you could… 过去进行时表示一种婉转语气,可以使询问、请求、建议显得很有礼貌。此时,过去进行时比现在进行时和一般过去时显得更客气。这种用法仅限于 wonder, want, hope, think 等词。 I was wondering if you could help me. I was hoping you would give me some money. We were wondering if you were free this evening. I was thinking it might a good idea to keep the window open. 六.易错陷阱3:情态动词 + have done易混易错点。 【分析】 must have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成"一定做过某事",只用于肯定句。 can’t have done 表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成"不可能做过某事"。 can have done 表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成"可能做过……吗?"。 could have done 是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 may have done 对发生过的事情的推测,"可能已经"或"也许已经",用于肯定句中。 might have done 对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 would have done 虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是"本来会……"。 should have done 表示本来应该做某事,而实际没有做。含有指责对方或自责的含义。 ought to have done 表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成"理应做……",往往表示遗憾。与"should have done"用法基本一样。 need have done 表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。"needn’t have done"则表示"本来不需要做某事而实际做了" 夯基固本专项练 一.根据语境填入正确的形式。 1._they abandoned their dreams, they wouldn't have achieved their success. 2.Without your help, I _(get) first prize in the English Speaking Contest. 3.The manager requested that all the business invitations (send) out before tomorrow. 4.Mother recommended that the clothes in a mess _(fold) up and laid in my wardrobe. 5.Thus, I suggest we senior school students _ take part-time jobs in our holidays, if possible. 6.Had I known about that useful computer program, I _(save) a huge amount of time and energy. 7.That sounds like a close match. How I wish I _(watch) it as you did! 8.It's too bad that my computer has got a new virus. If only I _(run) that program! 9.She had requested that the door to her room _(leave) open. 10.The lawyer suggested the person referred to _(put) into prison. 11.They put forward a proposal that the sports meeting _(hold) three days ahead of time. 12.What do you think of the suggestion that mobile phones _(ban) in primary school? 13.Researchers insisted that dangers _(alleviate) by taking measures constantly. 14.If it _(be) not for the support of the teachers, the student couldn't overcome her difficulties. 15.Europe has nearly half of the sites on the World Heritage List, but archaeologists and experts from UNESCO have recommended more sites from Asia, Africa and the Americas _(add). 二.语法填空 Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1. _(be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard - working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn't. However, people believe if Peter 2. _(work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study. At home, their parents suggest that they 3. _( finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 4. _(be) OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end. One day, when doing his homework, Peter found he made a serious mistake. So he put his exercise book aside and found Tom's exercise book. He struck out Tom's name and signed his name on its cover 5. _(happy), and handed it in as his own homework the next day. When the teacher told the truth to the twins' mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter, “How I wish you 6. _(be) as diligent as your brother! Now it's time that I 7. _(give) you a good lesson. And you mustn't play any computer games for a month!” “Oh, no! Mom. Without a computer for such a long time, I 8. _(die). I would rather you 9. _(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone,” Peter was upset. “If you 10. _( finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn't be punished now,” said the mother. 三.写作运用 Dear Eric, I’m Li Hua. Do you still remember me? I studied in your school for 3 months a couple of years ago. I’m very grateful for your help during my study in the US. At that time, you often recommended that 1. _(我应该结交新朋友和适应新生活). Without your help, 2. _(我不能那么享受我在那儿的生活). Besides, if you hadn’t helped me, 3. _(我的英语就不可能提高得那么快). By the way, do you know how everything is going with Mr Smith? I failed to contact him after I left America. I’d appreciate it 4. _(如果你能给我他的邮箱地址或电话号码). I remember that you are very interested in Chinese culture. If you were free during this winter holiday, how I wish 5. _(你能在春节期间来中国体验中国文化)! I would rather that 6. _(你和我们一起欢度春节). I’m sure it will be an unforgettable trip for you. I would be very happy 7. _(如果你能接受我的邀请). I am looking forward to your coming. Yours, Li Hua 答案以及解析 1.答案:Had 解析: 句意:如果他们放弃了自己的梦想,他们就不会取得成功。根据主句可知,从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,要用if引导的条件状语从句,因省略了if,将had置于句首,构成过去完成时的倒装句。故填Had。 2.答案:couldn't/wouldn't have got 解析:句意为:没有你的帮助,我在英语演讲比赛中就不会得第一名。本句是与过去事实相反的含蓄虚拟条件句, Without your help相当于if引导的非真实条件从句,设空处为谓语。再由句意可知应用否定形式。故填couldn't/wouldn't have got。 3.答案:(should) be sent 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:经理要求所有的商务邀请函必须在明天之前发出。request that+(should)do,也就是说request后跟从句需用虚拟语气,且send与invitation之间是被动关系。故填(should) be sent。 4.答案:(should) be folded 解析: recommend后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用"should+动词原形",should可省略; clothes与fold之间是动宾关系,要用虚拟语气的被动语态。故填(should) be folded。 5.答案:should 解析:句意为:因此,如果可能的话,我建议我们高中生在假期时做一些兼职工作。动词suggest表达"建议"的含义时,其后的宾语从句中谓语用"should +动词原形"形式, should可以省略。故填should。 6.答案:would have saved 解析:句意为:我如果知道那个有用的计算机程序,我就会节省大量的时间和精力。根据从句中的Had I known可知,此处是对过去事实的虚拟,主句应用should/would/could/might have done。此处表示"会节省"。故填would have saved。 7.答案:had watched 解析:句意为:听起来那是一场比分很接近的比赛。我多么希望像你一样去看了这场比赛! wish后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气,此处为对过去事件的虚拟,应使用过去完成时。故填had watched。 8.答案:hadn't run 解析:句意为:太糟糕了,我的电脑中了一种新的病毒。要是我没有运行那个程序就好了。此处为对过去发生的事情的虚拟,应使用过去完成时;由句意可知应用否定形式。故填hadn't run。 9.答案:be left 解析:句意为:她要求不要关闭通向她房间的门。此处request作动词,表示"要求",后面跟的宾语从句需要用形式为虚拟语气,"should + do "其中should可以省略。且leave与从句主语the door 之间为被动关系。故填be left。 10.答案:be put 解析:句意为:律师建议把提到的相关人员关进监狱。此处为suggest后的宾语从句中的谓语动词,与主语the person是被动关系,suggest在此意为"建议",其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,即从句谓语应用"should +动词原形",should可以省略。故填be put。 11.答案:(should) be held 解析:考查虚拟语气和语态。句意:他们提议运动会提前三天举行。proposal后面接同位语从句时,从句中的谓语动词用"should+动词原形",其中should可以省略。根据句意可知,主语the sports meeting和hold之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填(should) be held。 12.答案:should be banned/be banned 解析:本题主要考查虚拟语气和被动语态。当suggestion表示建议时,名词性从句要用虚拟语气,即"should+动词原形",should可省略。根据句意和空格提示词,"你怎么看待手机应该禁止被带到学校这个建议?",故从句谓语应该用被动语态,即should be banned或者be banned。故填should be banned/be banned。 13.答案:(should) be alleviated 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:研究人员坚持认为通过不断采取措施来减轻危险。insist"坚持",为动词,其后的宾语从句要用"should+动词原形"的虚拟语气,should可以省略;结合本句分析,that之后的内容为动词insist的宾语从句,从句主语dangers与动词alleviate为动宾关系,所以空白处要用被动语态。所以填(should) be alleviated。故填(should) be alleviated。 14.答案:were 解析:句意为: 如果不是因为老师的支持, 这个学生不可能克服她的困难。根据主句的谓语形式可知, 本句考查if引导的虚拟条件句, if it were not for...和if it had not been for...为固定结构, 意为"要不是......"。从句是对现在的虚拟。故填were。 15.答案:(should) be added 解析:句意为: 欧洲有将近一半的遗址被列入世界遗产名录, 但是联合国教科文组织的考古学家和专家建议增加更多的亚洲、非洲和美洲的遗址。表建议的recommended后接宾语从句, 从句用虚拟语气, 即从句谓语用"(should) do"的形式, 从句主语more sites from Asia, Africa and the Americas和谓语add之间是被动关系, 应用(should) be done形式。故填(should) be added。 二语法填空 1. were 2. worked 3. (should) finish 4. is 5. happily 6. were 7. gave/should give 8. would die 9. asked 10. had finished 三写作运用 1. I (should) make new friends and adapt to the new life 2. I couldn’t have enjoyed my life there so much 3. my English couldn’t have improved so quickly 4. if you could offer me his e-mail address or telephone number 5. you could come to China during the Spring Festival to experience Chinese culture 6. you spent the Spring Festival with us happily 7. if you were to accept my invitation 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$