精品解析：上海市宝山区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末英语学科质量监控试题

宝山区2024学年第二学期期末 高二年级英语学科质量监测试卷 （本试卷满分115分，考试时间105分钟） Ⅰ．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There are few scary legends that survive the centuries to bother the next generation, but one such creature’s strange tale has persisted over a millennium. On May 2,1933, an unattributed article appeared in a Scottish local newspaper. It carried the eyewitness account of a ____1____ (marry) couple who claimed they had spotted a large creature in the waters of Loch Ness. According to the report, “The creature entertained itself, rolling for fully a minute, its body looking like ____2____ of a whale, and the water falling down rapidly.” In the Scottish Highlands, Loch Ness is a 22.5-mile-long lake, nearly two miles across at its widest point, and its waters ____3____ reach a depth of 788 feet. The article noted that for centuries it ____4____ (credit) with being the home of a fearsome-looking monster. It hinted that ____5____ the couple had seen might be the creature that had inspired stories of the mythical water spirit or shape-shifting water horse of Celtic legend. Three months after the couple’s sighting, the same newspaper published a letter from a Londoner named George Spicer, ____6____ claimed that while driving with his wife around Loch Ness he’d seen a strange creature cross the road in front of him. “I saw the nearest approach ____7____ a dragon or prehistoric animal that I have ever seen in my life.” he wrote. In the weeks ____8____ (follow) the article’s publication, Campbell wrote more stories on the subject for the Scottish media. In one article Campbell stated, “Many people in the area now think that the ‘monster’ is indeed a prehistoric creature.” And he announced with confidence, “It is certain ____9____ (see) again.” Catching wind of the strange story, the national newspaper The Scotsman sent journalist Philip Stalker to Loch Ness. Stalker filed a report that included an eyewitness account from Alex Campbell, who claimed that ____10____ he hadn’t believed in the monster at first, he’d later seen a long-necked creature for himself. Campbell would emerge as a key witness, eventually claiming to have seen the creature on 18 occasions, sometimes at close range. He was, in a sense, the man who invented the monster. 【答案】1. married 2. that 3. can 4. had been credited 5. what 6. who 7. to 8. following 9. to be seen 10. although##though 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了尼斯湖水怪的传说起源和相关目击事件，包括1933年一对夫妇的目击、George Spicer的证词以及Alex Campbell的多次观察，强调这一神秘生物在苏格兰尼斯湖的持久传说。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它刊载了一对已婚夫妇的目击报告，他们称在尼斯湖的水域中看到了一个巨大的生物。修饰名词couple用形容词married。故填married。 2题详解】 考查代词。句意：据该报告所述：“那生物自我娱乐了一分钟之久，它身体翻滚的动作持续了足足一分钟，其身体形态宛如鲸鱼一般，而水珠则迅速地向下流淌。”设空处位于“looking like”后，需用代词“that”指代前文的“body”，避免重复名词，符合比较结构。故填that。 【3题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：在苏格兰高地，尼斯湖是一个长 22.5 英里、最宽处达近两英里的湖泊，湖水最深处可达788英尺。表示能力，湖水“能”达到 788 英尺深用情态动词can。故填can。 【4题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：这篇文章指出，数百年来，这里一直被认为是一个有着可怕模样的怪物的栖息地。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示过去的过去，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been credited。 【5题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：它暗示，这对夫妇所见到的景象，或许正是那个曾激发了有关凯尔特神话中神秘水灵或能变形的水马故事的生物。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，故用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在这对夫妇目击事件发生三个月后，同一家报纸刊登了一封来自一位名叫乔治·斯派塞的伦敦人的来信，信中称，他与妻子驾车在尼斯湖附近行驶时，曾看到一个奇怪的生物从他们面前的马路上横穿而过。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词George Spicer，在从句作主语，指人。故填who。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：“我亲眼目睹了这辈子见过的最接近龙或史前动物的生物了。”他写道。短语approach to表示“接近”。故填to。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在该文章发表后的几周里，坎贝尔为苏格兰媒体撰写了更多有关这个主题的报道。空处作后置定语，修饰weeks，用following表示“接下来的”。故填following。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他满怀信心地宣布：“它肯定会再次出现的。”此处为be certain to do sth.，且see与it构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be seen。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：斯塔克尔提交了一份报告，其中包含了亚历克斯·坎贝尔的目击证词。坎贝尔称，起初他并不相信有这种怪物存在，但后来他亲眼看到了一种长脖子的生物。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”用although/though。故填although/though。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. developing B. function C. actively D. comprised E. continuous F. consuming G. interaction H. digestion I. refer J. estimated K. significantly How Your Gut Microbiome (肠道微生物群) Impacts Your Health We’ve all had a “gut feeling.” And while that popular saying is based on our instinct, our gut truly does play a role in our health and how we feel and ___11___. Gut health is an important element of your overall physical and mental health. “Gut health” has become a trendy term in recent years. Our gut microbiome describes the microbes and their genetic material found in our gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道). And we know the bacteria in our gut affect everything from our ___12___ to our mental health. “Gut health is really important,” says registered nutrition expert Kristin Kirkpatrick, RD. “There is so much attention and research on the microbiome and gut health now that experts often ___13___ to it as the ‘second brain.’” “It contains all the microbes that live within our intestinal tract,” says Dr. Cresci, a digestive disease researcher. “And those microbes are ___14___ of bacteria, fungi and viruses.” We’re not talking about a few hundred microbes—it’s ___15___ that about 100 trillion microbes are found inside the human body, with many of them located in our gut. As you take food, the gastric acid (胃酸) found in your stomach destroys a lot of the harmful organisms you consume. “We are ___16___ microbes all the time through our food and water,” says Dr. Cresci. “But the ones that escape that gastric acid then move down to your intestinal tract.” The goal is to have a healthy gut microbiome. Its balance can be ___17___ affected by factors like your diet, infections and certain medications. And ___18___ an unhealthy gut microbiome can lead to certain diseases and affect your mental health. “What we’ve learned over the years is that there’s a lot of ___19___ between your gut microbiome and your body,” says Dr. Cresci. As an infant, your gut microbiome helps develop your gut immune system, and then as an adult, it helps maintain it. There is still ____20____ research on how the gut microbiome works with parts of the body like your brain, heart, liver and lungs. 【答案】11 B 12. H 13. I 14. D 15. J 16. F 17. K 18. A 19. G 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要围绕“肠道微生物群”与健康的关系展开，内容涉及科学术语、专家观点和研究成果，语言通俗易懂，旨在向普通读者普及相关知识。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然这个流行说法基于我们的直觉，但我们的肠道确实在我们的健康以及我们的感觉和功能方面发挥作用。根据上文“our health and how we feel(我们的健康和我们的感觉)”可知，此处应表示肠道对我们身体功能的影响，选择动词“function(起作用，行使功能)”，和feel并列作从句谓语，故选B。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们知道肠道中的细菌影响从消化到心理健康的一切。空处作宾语，根据上文“the bacteria in our gut(我们肠道中的细菌)”可知，上文提到了我们肠道中的菌群，可推理出肠道细菌会影响消化过程，选择名词“digestion (消化)”，故选H。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：现在对微生物群和肠道健康的关注和研究如此之多，以至于专家们经常将其称为“第二大脑”。空处为结果状语从句的谓语动词，根据下文“as the ‘second brain.’(把它当作“第二大脑”)”可知，下文说的是把它当作“第二大脑”，可推理出此处说的是“将其称为“第二大脑””，选择“refer to...as... (把……称为……)”，故选I。 【14题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：这些微生物由细菌、真菌和病毒组成。根据下文“of bacteria, fungi and viruses(细菌、真菌和病毒)”可知，下文说的是细菌、真菌和病毒，可推理出此处表示微生物的组成，选择“comprised(由…… 组成)”，be comprised of“由……组成”是固定搭配。故选D。 15题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：据估计，人体内部约有100万亿个微生物，其中许多位于肠道中。根据下文“that about 100 trillion microbes are found inside the human body(人体内部约有100万亿个微生物)” 可知，下文说的是人体内部约有100万亿个微生物，这是一个估计的数值，选择“estimated(估计)”，且“It is estimated that... ”为固定句型，意为“据估计……”，符合句意，故选J。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们一直通过食物和水摄入微生物。根据上文“As you take food(当你进食时)” 及下文“microbes all the time through our food and water(一直通过食物和水……微生物)”可知，上文提到了进食，下文提到了食物和水，可推理出此处表示摄入微生物，选择“consuming(消耗，摄入)”，现在分词和are构成现在进行时，故选F。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：其平衡会受到饮食、感染和某些药物等因素的显著影响。根据下文“affected by factors(受因素影响)”可知，下文说的是受因素影响，可推理出此处需用副词修饰动词affected，表示影响的程度，选择“significantly(显著地)”，故选K。 【18题详解】 考查动名词。句意：而形成不健康的肠道微生物群会导致某些疾病并影响心理健康。根据下文“an unhealthy gut microbiome(不健康的肠道微生物群)”可知，下文说的是不健康的肠道微生物群，可推理出此处表示“形成”不健康的微生物群，选择“developing(发展，形成）”，动名词短语作主语，故选A。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：多年来我们了解到，肠道微生物群和身体之间有很多相互作用。根据下文“between your gut microbiome and your body(肠道微生物群和身体之间)”可知，下文说的是肠道微生物群和身体之间，可推理出此处表示两者之间的相互作用，选择“interaction(相互作用)”，故选G。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：关于肠道微生物群如何与大脑、心脏、肝脏和肺等身体部位协同工作，仍有持续的研究。根据下文 on how the gut microbiome works with parts of the body like your brain, heart, liver and lungs.”可知，会有持续性的研究，选择“continuous(持续的)”，形容词作定语修饰research。故选E。 Ⅱ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How Do Fish Survive in Icy Waters? Animals like seals, penguins, and a wide variety of sea birds are all fish eaters. They live in the Arctic and Antarctic Circle, among the icecaps. The land is completely frozen. Yet these animals ___21___ to live in this region. How do they do it? The icy waters of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans ___22___ a great amount of marine life. For millions of years, life has remained unchanged, making it possible for these animals to ___23___ these particular patterns of existence. But they do get some help from ___24___. All liquids have a boiling point and a freezing point. When the outside temperature ___25___ below the freezing point of water, lakes and rivers get frozen. ___26___, only the top layer of the lake or river freezes. Underneath the frozen upper layer, the water remains in its ___27___ form and does not freeze. Also, oxygen is trapped beneath the layer of ice. ___28___, fish and other marine animals find it possible to live comfortably in the frozen lakes and ponds. But why doesn’t the entire body of water ___29___, like a giant, lake-sized ice-cube? During winter months in colder countries, the outside temperature is very low and the upper layers of water in the lakes and ponds start ___30___. When the temperature of the surface layers falls to 4℃, the water body acquires maximum density and ___31___. The water that drops down ___32___ the water below, and the lower layers of water simultaneously rise up. This also gets cooled to 4℃ and again falls down. When the temperature of the water body finally goes below 4℃, the density or heaviness of water decreases and as a result water does not sink down. The ___33___ water finally freezes at 0℃while the lower part still remains at 4℃. The light frozen layer of ice floats on top. Ice does not allow heat to pass through it easily, so the freezing of the waters below is a very ___34___ process. At depths below 30 metres, temperatures are cold and stable but food is scarce. As a result, certain species of flatfish and polar fish have a(n) ___35___ growing rate, so that they can adapt to this tough situation to survive. 21. A. manage B. struggle C. try D. hope 22. A. trap B. transport C. support D. measure 23. A. adapt to B. devote to C. keep in mind D. get rid of 24. A. nature B. human C. science D. society 25. A. rises B. changes C. jumps D. declines 26. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However 27. A. solid B. liquid C. hard D. soft 28. A. For instance B. In other words C. As a result D. On the contrary 29. A. flow B. freeze C. melt D. drop 30. A. boiling B. combing C. cooling D. functioning 31. A. floats up B. sinks down C. stands up D. calms down 32. A. replaces B. advances C. stimulates D. transforms 33. A. bottom B. middle C. density D. surface 34. A. quick B. easy C. stable D. slow 35. A. reduced B. fastened C. updated D. survived 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述鱼在冰水中的生存原理及相关自然现象。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些动物却设法生活在这个地区。A. manage设法做到；B. struggle挣扎；C. try尝试；D. hope希望。根据上文“They live in the Arctic and Antarctic Circle”及下文“to live in this region”可知，这些动物成功在极寒地区生存，此处表示这些动物设法生活在这个地区，manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：北极和南极海洋的冰冷海水孕育了大量的海洋生物。A. trap困住；B. transport运输；C. support养育，支撑；D. measure测量。根据下文“a great amount of marine life”可知，这些水域为海洋生物提供了生存条件，此处表示孕育了大量的海洋生物。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：数百万年来，生命一直保持不变，使这些动物能够适应这些特定的生存模式。A. adapt to适应；B. devote to致力于；C. keep in mind记住；D. get rid of摆脱。根据上文“life has remained unchanged”及下文“these particular patterns of existence”可知，动物需要适应特殊的生存环境，“adapt to”符合语境。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它们确实从自然界得到了一些帮助。A. nature自然界；B. human人类；C. science科学；D. society社会。根据下文“All liquids have a boiling point and a freezing point.”可知，下文解释水的物理特性（如结冰规律），属于自然现象，此处表示从自然界得到了一些帮助。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当外界温度降至水的冰点以下时，湖泊和河流就会结冰。A. rises上升；B. changes改变；C. jumps跳跃；D. declines下降。根据下文“below the freezing point of water”可知，此处表示温度降至水的冰点以下。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有湖泊或河流的表层结冰。A. Moreover此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。前文提到温度下降水会结冰，后文转折说明只有表层结冰，前后为转折关系，应用however。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在结冰的上层下面，水仍然保持液态，不会结冰。A. solid固体的；B. liquid液体的；C. hard坚硬的；D. soft柔软的。根据下文“does not freeze”可知，此处表示冰层下的水为液态。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，鱼类和其他海洋动物能够在冰冻的湖泊和池塘中舒适地生活。A. For instance例如；B. In other words换句话说；C. As a result因此；D. On the contrary相反。前文解释冰层下保留液态水和氧气，后文为结果，此处表示因果关系，应用as a result。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是为什么整个水体不会像一块巨大的、湖泊大小的冰块一样冻结呢？A. flow流动；B. freeze冻结；C. melt融化；D. drop下降。根据下文“like a giant, lake-sized ice-cube”可知，此处表示为什么水为何不全部结冰，“freeze”符合语义。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在较冷国家的冬季，外界温度非常低，湖泊和池塘的上层水开始冷却。A. boiling沸腾；B. combing梳理；C. cooling冷却；D. functioning运转。根据上文“During winter months in colder countries, the outside temperature is very low”可知，此处表示上层水开始冷却降温。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当表层水温降至4℃时，水体达到最大密度并下沉。A. floats up浮起；B. sinks down下沉；C. stands up站起来；D. calms down平静下来。根据下文“The water that drops down”可知，此处表示水体达到最大密度，会向下沉。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：下沉的水取代了下面的水，同时下面的水层上升。A. replaces取代；B. advances前进；C. stimulates刺激；D. transforms转变。根据下文“the lower layers of water simultaneously rise up”可知，上下层水发生交换，此处表示下沉的水取代了下面的水。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：表层水最终在0℃时结冰，而下层仍保持在4℃。A. bottom底部；B. middle中间；C. density密度；D. surface表面。根据上文“When the temperature of the surface layers falls to 4℃”以及下文“while the lower part still remains at 4℃”可知，此处表示表层水结冰。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：冰不容易让热量通过，所以下面水的冻结是一个非常缓慢的过程。A. quick快的；B. easy容易的；C. stable稳定的；D. slow慢的。根据上文“Ice does not allow heat to pass through it easily”可知，冰层阻碍热量散发，冻结过程缓慢。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，某些种类的比目鱼和极地鱼生长速率降低，以便它们能够适应这种恶劣的环境生存下来。A. reduced减少的；B. fastened固定的；C. updated更新的；D. survived幸存的。根据上文“but food is scarce”及下文“so that they can adapt to this tough situation to survive”可知，食物稀缺导致生长速率降低。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) On a winter evening in a warm, clean, and softly lit room in Sanyuanqiao, Beijing, 29-year-old sound therapist Hu Chong played various instruments. Around 10 participants, either lying down or sitting, followed her guidance to experience the delicate sensations that sound can bring to the body and mind. As Hu struck a singing bowl and slowly rubbed its border, the delicate tones crept into the participants’ ears and “massaged” (按摩) their heads. She then gently tilted (倾斜) the ocean drum and stream drum, letting hundreds of tiny beads roll inside, like waves crashing on the shore and the sound of flowing water. Finally came the gong (锣). With each strike, deep and powerful sound waves enveloped the entire space, guiding everyone toward deep relaxation and healing. This practice, known as “sound healing”, has become increasingly popular. Every weekend, similar sessions are held in yoga studios, sound therapy centers, tea rooms, and other leisure spaces across cities nationwide. Although most participants are young women, Hu has noticed a growing number of men attending these sessions in recent years. Despite their diverse backgrounds, participants share a common experience: the burden of significant stress from work or life. “Sound healing has been popular in Western societies for decades,” Hu explained. “Now that our material lives have improved, more and more people are seeking spiritual fulfillment.” According to her, attending a sound healing session is like pressing pause on the outside world and entering a space where you can be fully present with yourself. “This can facilitate self-healing,” Hu said. “At every session, we take a moment to express gratitude to ourselves for making time for our own well-being, which is something to be thankful for.” Luo Dandan, 31, from Hefei, Anhui province, was among the participants that evening. For several years, she has maintained a daily habit of practicing yoga for an hour. However, after attending sound healing sessions, she discovered the unique impact that sound could have on her. “Yoga is primarily about physical relaxation, whereas sound healing allows me to mentally and spiritually reconnect with myself,” she explained. 36. In the process of the “sound healing” mentioned in the passage, the therapist took the following steps except ______. A. hitting a singing bowl and gently touch its border B. sliding into the listeners’ ears and massage their heads C. tilting the drums so that beads inside start rolling D. striking the gong, leading participants to deep relaxation 37. Why does “sound healing” become increasingly popular nowadays? A. Because yoga studios, sound therapy centers and other leisure spaces are popular. B. Because besides women, a growing number of men are attending these sessions. C. Because it has proved effective with its popularity in Western societies for decades. D. Because with improved material lives, more people are looking for spiritual fulfillment. 38. Which of the following is not the benefit of sound healing according to the passage? A. It can facilitate self-healing. B. It can promote physical relaxation. C. It can help mental re-connection with oneself. D. It can help relieve stress from work or life. 39. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Healing Through Sound B. Selves Set Free C. Escape from Stress D. Instruments’ Impact on Us 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. B 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了“声音疗愈”越来越受欢迎的现象。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As Hu struck a singing bowl and slowly rubbed its border, the delicate tones crept into the participants’ ears and ‘massaged’ (按摩) their heads.(胡敲打着一个唱歌的碗，慢慢地摩擦它的边缘，微妙的声音悄悄进入参与者的耳朵，‘按摩’他们的头)”可知，文中提到微妙的声音悄悄进入参与者的耳朵，仿佛在‘按摩’参与者的头部，B项“溜进听众的耳朵里，按摩他们的头”不是治疗师采取的步骤。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“‘Sound healing has been popular in Western societies for decades,’ Hu explained. ‘Now that our material lives have improved, more and more people are seeking spiritual fulfillment.’(‘声音疗法在西方社会已经流行了几十年，’胡解释说。‘随着我们物质生活的改善，越来越多的人开始寻求精神上的满足。’)”可知，随着物质生活的改善，越来越多的人在寻求精神上的满足，所以“声音疗愈”现在变得越来越受欢迎。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Despite their diverse backgrounds, participants share a common experience: the burden of significant stress from work or life.(尽管他们的背景不同，但参与者都有一个共同的经历：来自工作或生活的巨大压力)”、倒数第二段中“This can facilitate self-healing(这可以促进自我修复)”和最后一段中“Yoga is primarily about physical relaxation, whereas sound healing allows me to mentally and spiritually reconnect with myself(瑜伽主要是身体放松，而声音治疗让我在精神上和精神上重新与自己联系起来)”可知，“声音疗愈”的好处包括缓解生活和工作中的压力、促进自我修复以及在精神上与自己重新连接，“身体放松”是瑜伽的好处。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第五段“‘Sound healing has been popular in Western societies for decades,’ Hu explained. ‘Now that our material lives have improved, more and more people are seeking spiritual fulfillment.’(‘声音疗法在西方社会已经流行了几十年，’胡解释说。‘随着我们物质生活的改善，越来越多的人开始寻求精神上的满足。’)”可知，本文主要介绍了“声音疗愈”越来越受欢迎的现象，A项“通过声音治愈”最适合作为标题。故选A。 (B) Based on their geography, volcanoes have different appearances. We classify them as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, and cinder cones. Let’s dive into the differences between these types of volcanoes. Stratovolcanoes are tall and cone-shaped (锥形). Instead of flat shield volcanoes like in Hawaii, they have bigger peaks. They build up by layering lava(熔岩), ash, and etc. Examples of stratovolcanoes include: ·MOUNT FUJI: Mount Fuji is a dormant (inactive) stratovolcano that last erupted in the early 1700s. MOUNT TOBA: Mount Toba in Sumatra is 100 kilometers long and 30 kilometers wide is a caldera(喷火山口). When ash falls or lava flows, it solidifies and makes a narrower cone. If you travel along the Pacific Ring of Fire, these are mostly this type of volcano. The Pacific Ocean seafloor brings water causing eruptions from stratovolcanoes. Stratovolcanoes run through cycles with lots of small eruptions. Shield volcanoes earned their name because they’re shaped like a shield. Hawaiian volcanoes are typical shield volcanoes. If you go to Hawaii, they are broad and flat. These volcanoes can be hundreds of kilometers wide. Examples of shield volcanoes include: MAUNA LOA: Mauna Loa in Hawaii is the world’s largest active shield volcano. From its base below sea level to its summit, it’s also the tallest mountain in the world. ·FERNANDINA ISLAND: Fernandina Island is an active shield volcano in the Galapagos Islands. Shield volcanoes tend to erupt liquid lava. Violent explosions are possible. But they’re not as common for shield volcanoes. Because the lava has a low viscosity (more watery), it can flow on the surface better. When these types of volcanoes erupt, lava flows out large distances. Cinder cones are small in comparison to the other types of volcanoes. In fact, they’re only tens of hundreds of meters in size. But at the same time, they’re very steep typically with a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. Examples of cinder cones include: ·CERRO NEGRO: Cerro Negro is an active cinder cone in Nicaragua. It’s the youngest in Central America. ·PARICUTIN: The Paricutin volcano in Mexico is a cinder cone that suddenly erupted in a cornfield. Cinder cones form out of tephra, magma, and ash that it throws out. When cinder cones shoot out lava, it splits it up in the air and scatters. Eventually, it cools down and becomes part of its steep cone-like feature. 40. Which of the following statements is True based on the passage? A. MOUNT TOBA is an inactive volcano that erupted in the early 1700s. B. Shield volcanoes can be hundreds of kilometers wide and their lava flows out extensively. C. Though small in size, Cinder cones are the most active in frequency and the steepest. D. MAUNA LOA is the world’s highest mountain from the horizon to the mountaintop. 41. Which of the following best summarizes the introduction of each volcano? A. illustration-appearance-examples-features B. appearance-examples-formation-location C. illustration-features-examples-exceptions D. illustration–location–appearance–features 42. What is the purpose of writing this passage? A. To entertain those interested in geography with descriptions of volcanoes. B. To express general concern about eruptions of different types of volcanoes. C. To inform readers of the unique characteristics of different types of volcanoes. D. To educate students some basic information about disruptive effects of volcanoes. 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍层状火山、盾状火山和火山渣锥的外观、实例及特征等内容。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Shield volcanoes中的第一段中的“These volcanoes can be hundreds of kilometers wide.(这些火山可能宽达数百公里)”以及最后一段中的“When these types of volcanoes erupt, lava flows out large distances. (当这类火山喷发时，熔岩会流出很远的距离。)”可知，盾状火山可能宽达数百公里，且其熔岩广泛流出。故选B项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，以Stratovolcanoes为例可知，根据Stratovolcanoes部分中的“Stratovolcanoes are tall and cone-shaped (锥形的). Instead of flat shield volcanoes like in Hawaii, they have bigger peaks. They build up by layering lava(熔岩), ash, and etc.(层状火山呈高耸的锥形。不同于夏威夷的平坦盾状火山，它们拥有更庞大的山峰。这类火山通过熔岩、火山灰等物质的层层堆积形成。)”可知，此处介绍了层状火山的说明以及外观，结合下文中的“Examples of stratovolcanoes include(层状火山例子包括)”可知，下文举例说明层状火山；根据尾段中的“When ash falls or lava flows, it solidifies and makes a narrower cone. If you travel along the Pacific Ring of Fire, these are mostly this type of volcano. The Pacific Ocean seafloor brings water causing eruptions from stratovolcanoes. Stratovolcanoes run through cycles with lots of small eruptions.(当火山灰落下或熔岩流淌时，它们会凝固，形成更狭窄的火山锥。如果你沿着环太平洋火山带旅行，会发现那里的火山大多属于这种类型。太平洋海底（板块）携带的水分会引发层状火山的喷发。层状火山的活动周期中会经历多次小规模喷发。)”可知，此处介绍了层状火山的特征，阅读另外两种火山的内容可知，文章均是先对各类火山进行了说明（illustration），接着介绍其外观（appearance），然后列举实例（examples），最后说明特征（features）。故选A项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Based on their geography, volcanoes have different appearances. We classify them as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, and cinder cones. Let’s dive into the differences between these types of volcanoes.(根据地理位置，火山有不同的外观。我们将它们分为层状火山、盾状火山和火山渣锥。让我们深入了解这些类型火山之间的区别。)”可推知，写这篇文章的目的是告知读者不同类型火山的独特特征。故选C项。 (C) In the competitive world of artificial intelligence, DeepSeek has emerged as a powerful new player. Since its first appearance in late 2023, this Chinese AI has stirred global attention, representing more than just another technological innovation. It’s a complex phenomenon that reflects the shifting landscape of innovation, power and cultural influence in the AI-driven era. Developed by QuantumThink Labs in Shenzhen by a team of Brain engineers and Peking University experts, DeepSeek is not your average chatbot. Trained on a surprising 20 trillion tokens (词元), this model shows linguistic proficiency, code generation capabilities and reasoning skills that rival or outperform other competitors. What truly sets DeepSeek apart is its remarkable efficiency, delivering GPT-4-level performance with 30 percent less computational power. In a strategic move QuantumThink made a simplified version of DeepSeek open source, a decision that has sparked widespread adoption across the globe. Developers from cities like Lagos to Jakarta have quickly embraced it to create a wide range of applications ranging from Swahili poetry generators to AI-powered farm management tools for rural India. DeepSeek’s quick rise is no accident. It took advantage of three significant gaps in the AI market that set it apart from established players. Firstly, it achieved dominance in various tests, outperforming GPT-4 in logic puzzles and multilingual tasks on LMSYS Chatbot Arena, particularly in languages like Chinese, Arabic and Swahili. A Nairobi team used it to build a real-time Maasai-to-English legal translator that outperformed tools from Google and Meta. Secondly, it sparked a cost revolution. Argentine startups reported reducing their cloud computing expenses by 40 percent while using DeepSeek for tasks like generating TV series scripts and tax code analysis. This cost advantage is a game-changer for emerging economies, allowing them to use the most advanced AI at a reduced cost. Thirdly, DeepSeek brings a unique narrative edge. It understands specialized internet slang like “xiaoxianrou” (literally “little fresh meat”) and even K-pop references, which echoes with users in the Global South who feel excluded by other AI products. However, DeepSeek’s growing influence is not without challenges. There are concerns that some countries may block firms from using DeepSeek, citing data security concerns. The future of AI, with DeepSeek at the center, remains uncertain. 43. According to the passage, what makes DeepSeek special compared to other chatbots? A. It was developed by Brain engineers and Peking University experts. B. It has stirred global attention because of its technological innovation. C. It was trained on a surprising 20 trillion tokens, showing remarkable abilities. D. It boasts outstanding efficiency, delivering performance with less computational power. 44. Which of the following does not contribute to the quick popularity of DeepSeek? A. The simplified version of DeepSeek open source B. Its outstanding performance in various tests C. The promotion and investment it gets D. The cost advantage it boasts 45. Which of the following is a proper example illustrating “DeepSeek brings a unique narrative edge” in the fourth paragraph? A. DeepSeek can answer questions like “How many planets are there in the solar system?” B. DeepSeek can interpret and use region-specific terms like “yyds” meaning very good. C. DeepSeek can translate sentences like “The weather is nice today” into another language. D. DeepSeek can help with tasks like “Write a formal email to a client”. 46. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Data security concerns may affect the expanding influence of DeepSeek. B. DeepSeek’s influence is declining due to technical issues. C. DeepSeek’s future is certain and unchallenged. D. DeepSeek has successfully resolved all data security challenges. 【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国人工智能DeepSeek。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“What truly sets DeepSeek apart is its remarkable efficiency, delivering GPT-4 level performance with 30 percent less computational power.(真正让DeepSeek脱颖而出的是其卓越的效率，只需少30%的计算能力就能达到GPT-4水平的性能)”可知，与其他聊天机器人相比，DeepSeek特别之处在于它拥有出色的效率，能用更少的计算能力实现相应性能。故选D项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In a strategic move, QuantumThink made a simplified version of DeepSeek open source, a decision that has sparked widespread adoption across the globe.(作为一项战略举措，QuantumThink将DeepSeek的简化版本开源，这一决定引发了全球范围内的广泛应用)”可知A项“The simplified version of DeepSeek open source(简化版的DeepSeek开源)”有助于其快速流行；根据第四段中“Firstly, it achieved dominance in various tests, outperforming GPT 4 in logic puzzles and multilingual tasks on LMSYS Chatbot Arena(首先，它在各种测试中占据主导地位，在LMSYS聊天机器人竞技场的逻辑谜题和多语言任务中表现优于GPT 4)”可知B项“Its outstanding performance in various tests(在各种测试中表现优异)”有助于其快速流行；根据第四段中“Secondly, it sparked a cost revolution. Argentine startups reported reducing their cloud computing expenses by 40 percent while using DeepSeek for tasks like generating TV series scripts and tax code analysis.(其次，它引发了一场成本革命。阿根廷的初创企业报告称，在使用DeepSeek进行电视剧本创作和税法分析等任务时，云计算费用降低了40%)”可知D项“The cost advantage it boasts(它值得自豪的成本优势)”有助于其快速流行。文中未提及C项“它得到的推广和投资”，故选C项。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“DeepSeek brings a unique narrative edge. It understands specialized internet slang like ‘xiaoxianrou’ (literally ‘little fresh meat’) and even K pop references(DeepSeek带来了独特的叙事优势。它能理解像‘小鲜肉’这样的网络流行语，甚至能理解K-pop相关内容)”可知，“DeepSeek brings a unique narrative edge”指的是它能理解和运用特定的区域术语。B选项中“yyds”是网络流行语，意思是“永远的神”，表示非常好，DeepSeek能解释和使用这样的区域特定术语，符合“独特的叙事优势”。故选B项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There are concerns that some countries may block firms from using DeepSeek, citing data security concerns.(有人担心一些国家可能会以数据安全问题为由，阻止企业使用DeepSeek)”可推断出，数据安全方面的担忧可能会影响DeepSeek影响力的扩大。故选A项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Fifty-year-old Chen Hong and 40-year-old Lei Na from Chongqing have made history by becoming the first blind couple in China to complete a full marathon. During the 2024 Shanghai Marathon on Dec.1, assisted by five escort runners (护跑队员) ，Chen and Lei accomplished a 42.19-kilometer full marathon in 5 hours and 47 minutes. Their marathon journey began on Oct.15, 2022, with the founding of the Chongqing branch of Running in the Dark. Running in the Dark is a national charity that supports partially sighted runners. ___47___ The organization has also broadened its range to include sports such as hiking, cycling and swimming. Among the earliest participants, Chen and Lei seldom miss any of the branch’s monthly running events. Despite both losing their eyesight, the couple has steadily improved their running skills, with their escort runners alongside. ___48___ One person is visually damaged and the other acts as an escort runner, who alerts the former to turns, obstacles on the track and running techniques. “We serve as their eyes, but they help us see from our souls. ___49___” said Lu Wei, founder of the Chongqing branch. “By removing the obstacles they face during exercise, we hope to create a closer bond with each other.” To prepare for the full marathon in Shanghai, Chen and Lei spent eight months diligently engaged in running and various exercises to enhance their physical and core strength. “I think more people with disabilities should connect with society, which gives them love and respect, rather than isolating themselves at home. We only live once. ___50___” Chen said. A. It originated in Shanghai in 2016 and has grown to 27 branches nationwide. B. So why not reveal our true colors? C. Each makes the other better. D. They not only show their efforts, but also present an optimistic outlook on life. E. The participants run in pairs, holding a short rope between them. F. It’s just the beginning of their brand-new lives. 【答案】47. A 48. E 49. C 50. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述重庆盲夫妻在护跑队员协助下完成上海马拉松，展现努力与乐观，呼吁残障人士融入社会。 【47题详解】 由上文“Running in the Dark is a national charity that supports partially sighted runners.(Running in the Dark是一个支持部分视力障碍跑步者的全国性慈善机构。)”可知，此处需补充该组织的发展历程。A项It originated in Shanghai in 2016 and has grown to 27 branches nationwide.(它于2016年在上海起源，目前已在全国发展至27个分支机构。)中“originated in Shanghai in 2016”解释其成立背景，“27 branches nationwide”对应“national charity”，通过时间与规模的介绍，衔接后文“重庆分部”的成立，形成“组织概况→具体分支”的逻辑过渡。故选A项。 【48题详解】 由下文“One person is visually damaged and the other acts as an escort runner, who alerts the former to turns, obstacles on the track and running techniques.(一人有视力障碍，另一人担任护跑员，提醒前者转弯、赛道障碍物及跑步技巧。)”可知，此处需总述参与者的跑步形式。E项The participants run in pairs, holding a short rope between them.(参与者成对跑步，彼此之间握着一根短绳。)中“run in pairs”概括后文“视力障碍者 + 护跑员”的组合模式，“holding a short rope”具体说明协作方式，与后文“护跑员提醒障碍”形成“形式→细节”的阐释关系。故选E项。 【49题详解】 由上文“We serve as their eyes, but they help us see from our souls.(我们充当他们的眼睛，但他们帮助我们从灵魂中看见。)”可知，此处需总结双方的相互作用。C项Each makes the other better.(彼此成就更好的对方。)中“Each makes the other better”既呼应“我们帮助他们，他们启发我们”的双向关系，又通过简洁的总结，衔接后文“通过移除运动障碍建立更紧密联系”的深层意义，体现“具体行为→抽象价值”的升华。故选C项。 【50题详解】 由上文“I think more people with disabilities should connect with society, which gives them love and respect, rather than isolating themselves at home. We only live once. (我认为更多的残疾人应该与社会联系，社会给他们爱和尊重，而不是把自己孤立在家里。我们只活一次。)”可知，此处需呼应“珍惜生命、积极融入”的观点。B项So why not reveal our true colors?(那么为何不展现真实的自我呢？) 通过反问句强化语气，“reveal our true colors”对应“connect with society”，与“we only live once”形成“生命意义→行动呼吁”的逻辑闭环，鼓励残障人士突破自我。故选B项。 Ⅲ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. We are living in an age of metaphorical (隐喻的) parenting. First it was tiger parenting. Then helicopter parenting, snowplow parenting, and free-range parenting became trends. Now, gentle parenting is having an extended moment. Here’s what experts say about these parenting styles and their potential consequences for kids. Known for prioritizing compassion, warmth, and respect, gentle parenting is an approach that has gained popularity in recent years. A major hallmark of this style is the focus on fostering a strong bond between children and their parents. “It involves approaching parenting with understanding and adjustment — being able to look at things through a child’s perspective,” says Sarah Bren, a licensed clinical psychologist and co-founder of the Upshur-Bren Psychology Group in Pelham, New York. “Depending on how boundaries are set and discipline is handled, it can look a bit like authoritative or permissive parenting”, experts say. Parents who stick to snowplow parenting — which is also called lawnmower parenting or bulldozer parenting — often try to clear obstacles out of a child’s path. The parents’ intentions may be good — they don’t want their kids to struggle or feel distressed — but this isn’t realistic because challenges are a natural part of life. As a parent, “You want kids to handle difficulty or conflict with your support and guidance to help them build resilience (toughness),” says Bren. However, Bren emphasizes guiding children through difficulties to build resilience, warning that constantly clearing paths due to fear of failure may unintentionally create the exact weakness parents seek to prevent. The term “helicopter parenting” refers to parents who revolve around their children, being controlling and overprotective, ready to jump in to help at any moment. Much like with snowplow parenting, “This micromanaging doesn’t help kids learn to navigate difficulties on the road or develop resilience,” says Michele Borba, an educational psychologist based in southern California. As a result, “The child becomes dependent and unprepared to make decisions or act independently in real-life situations.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In modern times, multiple parenting styles such as gentle, snowplow, and helicopter parenting have emerged. Gentle parenting emphasizes compassion and building strong parent child bonds. However, snowplow and helicopter parenting, though well intentioned, can impede kids’ development of resilience and independence. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了当下多种隐喻式育儿风格，如温柔育儿、扫雪机式育儿和直升机式育儿，并阐述了不同育儿风格对孩子的潜在影响。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①We are living in an age of metaphorical (隐喻的) parenting. First it was tiger parenting. Then helicopter parenting, snowplow parenting, and free-range parenting became trends. Now, gentle parenting is having an extended moment. ②Known for prioritizing compassion, warmth, and respect, gentle parenting is an approach that has gained popularity in recent years. A major hallmark of this style is the focus on fostering a strong bond between children and their parents. ③Parents who stick to snowplow parenting — which is also called lawnmower parenting or bulldozer parenting — often try to clear obstacles out of a child’s path. ④The term “helicopter parenting” refers to parents who revolve around their children, being controlling and overprotective, ready to jump in to help at any moment. ⑤“This micromanaging doesn’t help kids learn to navigate difficulties on the road or develop resilience,” says Michele Borba … As a result, “The child becomes dependent and unprepared to make decisions or act independently in real life situations.” 2. 缜密构思 将第1要点概括多种育儿风格的出现；将第2要点总结温柔育儿的特点；将第3、4要点整合为扫雪机式和直升机式育儿的做法；将第5要点阐述这两种育儿方式对孩子的不良影响。 3. 遣词造句 In modern times, multiple parenting styles such as gentle, snowplow, and helicopter parenting have emerged. Gentle parenting emphasizes compassion and building strong parent child bonds. Snowplow and helicopter parenting, though well intentioned, can impede kids’ development of resilience and independence. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Gentle parenting emphasizes compassion and building strong parent child bonds. (运用了动名词作宾语) [高分句型2] However, snowplow and helicopter parenting, though well intentioned, can impede kids’ development of resilience and independence. (运用了though引导的让步状语从句并使用了省略) Ⅳ．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 52. 专家们强烈建议，压力大的时候，留点时间锻炼身体。(leave) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Experts strongly recommend that when under stress, one should leave some time for physical exercise. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词和宾语从句。“专家们”翻译为experts，作主语；“强烈”用副词strongly；“建议”用动词recommend作谓语，后面跟that引导的宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”；“留点时间锻炼身体”翻译 leave some time for physical exercise；“压力大的时候”可以用when引导的时间状语从句表示，翻译为when one is under stress，可以省略为when under stress。故整句翻译为Experts strongly recommend that when under stress, one should leave some time for physical exercise. 53. 别低估微小举动的力量，它能帮不幸的人们渡过难关。（help）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Never underestimate the power of small actions, which can help those in need get through difficult times. 【解析】 【详解】考查祈使句、定语从句和动词短语。根据句意，前半句为祈使句，使用动词原形开头；后半句为定语从句修饰先行词。表示“别低估”为never underestimate，位于句首单词首字母需大写，“微小举动的力量”为the power of small actions，所以，表示“别低估微小举动的力量”为祈使句Never underestimate the power of small actions；表示“它能帮不幸的人们渡过难关”可以为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the power of small actions，关系代词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which，表示“能帮助某人做某事”为can help sb. do sth.，“不幸的人们”为those in need，“渡过难关”为get through difficult times，所以定语从句可译为which can help those in need get through difficult times。故翻译为Never underestimate the power of small actions, which can help those in need get through difficult times. 54. 人类的许多行为看上去无害，但会严重破坏海洋的生态平衡，这不足为奇。(It) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is not surprising that many human behaviors seem harmless but can severely damage the ecological balance of the ocean. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词、形容词和主语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般现在时表客观情况。表示“这不足为奇”应用it is not surprising that，为固定句型，it为形式主语，that后为主语从句；表示“人类的许多行为看上去无害”应用many human behaviors seem harmless，为主系表结构，harmless(无害的)，为形容词作表语；表示“但会严重破坏海洋的生态平衡”可用but can severely damage the ecological balance of the ocean，为主谓宾结构，severely(严重地)，为副词作状语，the ecological balance of the ocean(海洋的生态平衡)，为名词短语作宾语。故翻译为It is not surprising that many human behaviors seem harmless but can severely damage the ecological balance of the ocean. 55. 随着技术创新和新能源的蓬勃发展，风能和太阳能将日益主导能源供应，实现温室气体零排放的目标指日可待。(reach) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the booming development of technological innovation and new energy, wind and solar energy will increasingly dominate the energy supply, and the goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions will be reached soon. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、介词短语、时态和语态。“随着技术创新和新能源的蓬勃发展”作伴随状语，可处理为介词短语with the booming development of technological innovation and new energy；“风能和太阳能将日益主导能源供应”是第1分句，主语“风能和太阳能”译为wind and solar energy，“主导”用动词dominate，描述将来的事情，用一般将来时态will dominate，“日益”用副词increasingly作状语，宾语“能源供应”译为“the energy supply”；“实现温室气体零排放的目标指日可待”是第2分句，用并列连词and连接，主语“温室气体零排放的目标”用the goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions，谓语“实现”用动词reach，与主语之间是被动关系，描述将来的事情，用一般将来时的被动语态will be reached，时间状语“指日可待”可用副词soon表示。综上，全句译为：With the booming development of technological innovation and new energy, wind and solar energy will increasingly dominate the energy supply, and the goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions will be reached soon. Ⅴ．Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的学生李华，你校英语组打算开展“经典名著整本阅读”项目，委托你了解同学们的想法。了解好以后，请你向负责老师写封邮件，要求： ●反映同学们的意见 (如内容难度、时间不够、兴趣缺乏等)； ●提出你的建议及理由。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Teacher, I’m Li Hua, and I’ve been tasked with gathering my classmates’ thoughts on the “Whole Book Reading of Classics” project. Many students feel that the classic novels are too difficult because they contain archaic vocabulary and complex sentence structures that are hard to comprehend. Additionally, they complain that the heavy workload leaves them with insufficient time to read these lengthy books thoroughly. What’s more, a lack of interest is also a concern since some believe classics are dull and disconnected from contemporary life. To tackle these problems, I propose that we offer guided reading sessions where teachers can explain difficult parts, which will make the texts more accessible. Also, we could create a reading schedule that breaks the book into manageable sections, so students can make steady progress without feeling overwhelmed. I hope these suggestions will be helpful. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给负责老师写邮件，反映同学们对“经典名著整本阅读”项目的想法，并提出自己的建议及理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 收集：gather → collect 理解：comprehend → understand 此外：what’s more → in addition 解决：tackle → solve 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Additionally, they complain that the heavy workload leaves them with insufficient time to read these lengthy books thoroughly. 同义句：Additionally, they complain about the fact that the heavy workload leaves them with insufficient time to read these lengthy books thoroughly. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Many students feel that the classic novels are too difficult because they contain archaic vocabulary and complex sentence structures that are hard to comprehend. (运用了that引导的宾语从句、because引导的原因状语从句和that引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】To tackle these problems, I propose that we offer guided reading sessions where teachers can explain difficult parts, which will make the texts more accessible. (运用了that引导的宾语从句、where引导的限制性定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 宝山区2024学年第二学期期末 高二年级英语学科质量监测试卷 （本试卷满分115分，考试时间105分钟） Ⅰ．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There are few scary legends that survive the centuries to bother the next generation, but one such creature’s strange tale has persisted over a millennium. On May 2,1933, an unattributed article appeared in a Scottish local newspaper. It carried the eyewitness account of a ____1____ (marry) couple who claimed they had spotted a large creature in the waters of Loch Ness. According to the report, “The creature entertained itself, rolling for fully a minute, its body looking like ____2____ of a whale, and the water falling down rapidly.” In the Scottish Highlands, Loch Ness is a 22.5-mile-long lake, nearly two miles across at its widest point, and its waters ____3____ reach a depth of 788 feet. The article noted that for centuries it ____4____ (credit) with being the home of a fearsome-looking monster. It hinted that ____5____ the couple had seen might be the creature that had inspired stories of the mythical water spirit or shape-shifting water horse of Celtic legend. Three months after the couple’s sighting, the same newspaper published a letter from a Londoner named George Spicer, ____6____ claimed that while driving with his wife around Loch Ness he’d seen a strange creature cross the road in front of him. “I saw the nearest approach ____7____ a dragon or prehistoric animal that I have ever seen in my life.” he wrote. In the weeks ____8____ (follow) the article’s publication, Campbell wrote more stories on the subject for the Scottish media. In one article Campbell stated, “Many people in the area now think that the ‘monster’ is indeed a prehistoric creature.” And he announced with confidence, “It is certain ____9____ (see) again.” Catching wind of the strange story, the national newspaper The Scotsman sent journalist Philip Stalker to Loch Ness. Stalker filed a report that included an eyewitness account from Alex Campbell, who claimed that ____10____ he hadn’t believed in the monster at first, he’d later seen a long-necked creature for himself. Campbell would emerge as a key witness, eventually claiming to have seen the creature on 18 occasions, sometimes at close range. He was, in a sense, the man who invented the monster. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. developing B. function C. actively D. comprised E. continuous F. consuming G. interaction H. digestion I. refer J. estimated K. significantly How Your Gut Microbiome (肠道微生物群) Impacts Your Health We’ve all had a “gut feeling.” And while that popular saying is based on our instinct our gut truly does play a role in our health and how we feel and ___11___. Gut health is an important element of your overall physical and mental health. “Gut health” has become a trendy term in recent years. Our gut microbiome describes the microbes and their genetic material found in our gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道). And we know the bacteria in our gut affect everything from our ___12___ to our mental health. “Gut health is really important,” says registered nutrition expert Kristin Kirkpatrick, RD. “There is so much attention and research on the microbiome and gut health now that experts often ___13___ to it as the ‘second brain.’” “It contains all the microbes that live within our intestinal tract,” says Dr. Cresci, a digestive disease researcher. “And those microbes are ___14___ of bacteria, fungi and viruses.” We’re not talking about a few hundred microbes—it’s ___15___ that about 100 trillion microbes are found inside the human body, with many of them located in our gut. As you take food, the gastric acid (胃酸) found in your stomach destroys a lot of the harmful organisms you consume. “We are ___16___ microbes all the time through our food and water,” says Dr. Cresci. “But the ones that escape that gastric acid then move down to your intestinal tract.” The goal is to have a healthy gut microbiome. Its balance can be ___17___ affected by factors like your diet, infections and certain medications. And ___18___ an unhealthy gut microbiome can lead to certain diseases and affect your mental health. “What we’ve learned over the years is that there’s a lot of ___19___ between your gut microbiome and your body,” says Dr. Cresci. As an infant, your gut microbiome helps develop your gut immune system, and then as an adult, it helps maintain it. There is still ____20____ research on how the gut microbiome works with parts of the body like your brain, heart, liver and lungs. Ⅱ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How Do Fish Survive in Icy Waters? Animals like seals, penguins, and a wide variety of sea birds are all fish eaters. They live in the Arctic and Antarctic Circle, among the icecaps. The land is completely frozen. Yet these animals ___21___ to live in this region. How do they do it? The icy waters of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans ___22___ a great amount of marine life. For millions of years life has remained unchanged, making it possible for these animals to ___23___ these particular patterns of existence. But they do get some help from ___24___. All liquids have a boiling point and a freezing point. When the outside temperature ___25___ below the freezing point of water, lakes and rivers get frozen. ___26___, only the top layer of the lake or river freezes. Underneath the frozen upper layer, the water remains in its ___27___ form and does not freeze. Also, oxygen is trapped beneath the layer of ice. ___28___, fish and other marine animals find it possible to live comfortably in the frozen lakes and ponds. But why doesn’t the entire body of water ___29___, like a giant, lake-sized ice-cube? During winter months in colder countries, the outside temperature is very low and the upper layers of water in the lakes and ponds start ___30___. When the temperature of the surface layers falls to 4℃, the water body acquires maximum density and ___31___. The water that drops down ___32___ the water below, and the lower layers of water simultaneously rise up. This also gets cooled to 4℃ and again falls down. When the temperature of the water body finally goes below 4℃, the density or heaviness of water decreases and as a result water does not sink down. The ___33___ water finally freezes at 0℃while the lower part still remains at 4℃. The light frozen layer of ice floats on top. Ice does not allow heat to pass through it easily, so the freezing of the waters below is a very ___34___ process. At depths below 30 metres, temperatures are cold and stable but food is scarce. As a result, certain species of flatfish and polar fish have a(n) ___35___ growing rate, so that they can adapt to this tough situation to survive. 21. A. manage B. struggle C. try D. hope 22. A. trap B. transport C. support D. measure 23 A. adapt to B. devote to C. keep in mind D. get rid of 24. A. nature B. human C. science D. society 25. A. rises B. changes C. jumps D. declines 26. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However 27. A. solid B. liquid C. hard D. soft 28. A. For instance B. In other words C. As a result D. On the contrary 29. A. flow B. freeze C. melt D. drop 30. A. boiling B. combing C. cooling D. functioning 31. A. floats up B. sinks down C. stands up D. calms down 32. A. replaces B. advances C. stimulates D. transforms 33. A. bottom B. middle C. density D. surface 34. A. quick B. easy C. stable D. slow 35. A. reduced B. fastened C. updated D. survived Section B Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) On a winter evening in a warm, clean, and softly lit room in Sanyuanqiao, Beijing, 29-year-old sound therapist Hu Chong played various instruments. Around 10 participants, either lying down or sitting, followed her guidance to experience the delicate sensations that sound can bring to the body and mind. As Hu struck a singing bowl and slowly rubbed its border, the delicate tones crept into the participants’ ears and “massaged” (按摩) their heads. She then gently tilted (倾斜) the ocean drum and stream drum, letting hundreds of tiny beads roll inside, like waves crashing on the shore and the sound of flowing water. Finally came the gong (锣). With each strike, deep and powerful sound waves enveloped the entire space, guiding everyone toward deep relaxation and healing. This practice, known as “sound healing”, has become increasingly popular. Every weekend, similar sessions are held in yoga studios, sound therapy centers, tea rooms, and other leisure spaces across cities nationwide. Although most participants are young women, Hu has noticed a growing number of men attending these sessions in recent years. Despite their diverse backgrounds, participants share a common experience: the burden of significant stress from work or life. “Sound healing has been popular in Western societies for decades,” Hu explained. “Now that our material lives have improved, more and more people are seeking spiritual fulfillment.” According to her, attending a sound healing session is like pressing pause on the outside world and entering a space where you can be fully present with yourself. “This can facilitate self-healing,” Hu said. “At every session, we take a moment to express gratitude to ourselves for making time for our own well-being, which is something to be thankful for.” Luo Dandan, 31, from Hefei, Anhui province, was among the participants that evening. For several years, she has maintained a daily habit of practicing yoga for an hour. However, after attending sound healing sessions, she discovered the unique impact that sound could have on her. “Yoga is primarily about physical relaxation, whereas sound healing allows me to mentally and spiritually reconnect with myself,” she explained. 36. In the process of the “sound healing” mentioned in the passage, the therapist took the following steps except ______. A. hitting a singing bowl and gently touch its border B. sliding into the listeners’ ears and massage their heads C. tilting the drums so that beads inside start rolling D. striking the gong, leading participants to deep relaxation 37. Why does “sound healing” become increasingly popular nowadays? A. Because yoga studios, sound therapy centers and other leisure spaces are popular. B. Because besides women, a growing number of men are attending these sessions. C. Because it has proved effective with its popularity in Western societies for decades. D. Because with improved material lives, more people are looking for spiritual fulfillment. 38. Which of the following is not the benefit of sound healing according to the passage? A. It can facilitate self-healing. B. It can promote physical relaxation. C. It can help mental re-connection with oneself. D. It can help relieve stress from work or life. 39. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Healing Through Sound B. Selves Set Free C. Escape from Stress D. Instruments’ Impact on Us (B) Based on their geography, volcanoes have different appearances. We classify them as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, and cinder cones. Let’s dive into the differences between these types of volcanoes. Stratovolcanoes are tall and cone-shaped (锥形的). Instead of flat shield volcanoes like in Hawaii, they have bigger peaks. They build up by layering lava(熔岩), ash, and etc. Examples of stratovolcanoes include: ·MOUNT FUJI: Mount Fuji is a dormant (inactive) stratovolcano that last erupted in the early 1700s. MOUNT TOBA: Mount Toba in Sumatra is 100 kilometers long and 30 kilometers wide is a caldera(喷火山口). When ash falls or lava flows, it solidifies and makes a narrower cone. If you travel along the Pacific Ring of Fire, these are mostly this type of volcano. The Pacific Ocean seafloor brings water causing eruptions from stratovolcanoes. Stratovolcanoes run through cycles with lots of small eruptions. Shield volcanoes earned their name because they’re shaped like a shield. Hawaiian volcanoes are typical shield volcanoes. If you go to Hawaii, they are broad and flat. These volcanoes can be hundreds of kilometers wide. Examples of shield volcanoes include: MAUNA LOA: Mauna Loa in Hawaii is the world’s largest active shield volcano. From its base below sea level to its summit, it’s also the tallest mountain in the world. ·FERNANDINA ISLAND: Fernandina Island is an active shield volcano in the Galapagos Islands. Shield volcanoes tend to erupt liquid lava. Violent explosions are possible. But they’re not as common for shield volcanoes. Because the lava has a low viscosity (more watery), it can flow on the surface better. When these types of volcanoes erupt, lava flows out large distances. Cinder cones are small in comparison to the other types of volcanoes. In fact, they’re only tens of hundreds of meters in size. But at the same time, they’re very steep typically with a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. Examples of cinder cones include: ·CERRO NEGRO: Cerro Negro is an active cinder cone in Nicaragua. It’s the youngest in Central America. ·PARICUTIN: The Paricutin volcano in Mexico is a cinder cone that suddenly erupted in a cornfield. Cinder cones form out of tephra, magma, and ash that it throws out. When cinder cones shoot out lava, it splits it up in the air and scatters. Eventually, it cools down and becomes part of its steep cone-like feature. 40. Which of the following statements is True based on the passage? A. MOUNT TOBA is an inactive volcano that erupted in the early 1700s. B. Shield volcanoes can be hundreds of kilometers wide and their lava flows out extensively. C. Though small in size Cinder cones are the most active in frequency and the steepest. D. MAUNA LOA is the world’s highest mountain from the horizon to the mountaintop. 41. Which of the following best summarizes the introduction of each volcano? A. illustration-appearance-examples-features B. appearance-examples-formation-location C. illustration-features-examples-exceptions D. illustration–location–appearance–features 42. What is the purpose of writing this passage? A. To entertain those interested in geography with descriptions of volcanoes. B. To express general concern about eruptions of different types of volcanoes. C. To inform readers of the unique characteristics of different types of volcanoes. D. To educate students some basic information about disruptive effects of volcanoes. (C) In the competitive world of artificial intelligence, DeepSeek has emerged as a powerful new player. Since its first appearance in late 2023, this Chinese AI has stirred global attention, representing more than just another technological innovation. It’s a complex phenomenon that reflects the shifting landscape of innovation, power and cultural influence in the AI-driven era. Developed by QuantumThink Labs in Shenzhen by a team of Brain engineers and Peking University experts, DeepSeek is not your average chatbot. Trained on a surprising 20 trillion tokens (词元), this model shows linguistic proficiency, code generation capabilities and reasoning skills that rival or outperform other competitors. What truly sets DeepSeek apart is its remarkable efficiency, delivering GPT-4-level performance with 30 percent less computational power. In a strategic move, QuantumThink made a simplified version of DeepSeek open source, a decision that has sparked widespread adoption across the globe. Developers from cities like Lagos to Jakarta have quickly embraced it to create a wide range of applications ranging from Swahili poetry generators to AI-powered farm management tools for rural India. DeepSeek’s quick rise is no accident. It took advantage of three significant gaps in the AI market that set it apart from established players. Firstly, it achieved dominance in various tests, outperforming GPT-4 in logic puzzles and multilingual tasks on LMSYS Chatbot Arena, particularly in languages like Chinese, Arabic and Swahili. A Nairobi team used it to build a real-time Maasai-to-English legal translator that outperformed tools from Google and Meta. Secondly, it sparked a cost revolution. Argentine startups reported reducing their cloud computing expenses by 40 percent while using DeepSeek for tasks like generating TV series scripts and tax code analysis. This cost advantage is a game-changer for emerging economies, allowing them to use the most advanced AI at a reduced cost. Thirdly, DeepSeek brings a unique narrative edge. It understands specialized internet slang like “xiaoxianrou” (literally “little fresh meat”) and even K-pop references, which echoes with users in the Global South who feel excluded by other AI products. However, DeepSeek’s growing influence is not without challenges. There are concerns that some countries may block firms from using DeepSeek, citing data security concerns. The future of AI, with DeepSeek at the center, remains uncertain. 43. According to the passage, what makes DeepSeek special compared to other chatbots? A. It was developed by Brain engineers and Peking University experts. B. It has stirred global attention because of its technological innovation. C. It was trained on a surprising 20 trillion tokens, showing remarkable abilities. D. It boasts outstanding efficiency, delivering performance with less computational power. 44. Which of the following does not contribute to the quick popularity of DeepSeek? A. The simplified version of DeepSeek open source B. Its outstanding performance in various tests C. The promotion and investment it gets D. The cost advantage it boasts 45. Which of the following is a proper example illustrating “DeepSeek brings a unique narrative edge” in the fourth paragraph? A. DeepSeek can answer questions like “How many planets are there in the solar system?” B. DeepSeek can interpret and use region-specific terms like “yyds” meaning very good. C. DeepSeek can translate sentences like “The weather is nice today” into another language. D. DeepSeek can help with tasks like “Write a formal email to a client”. 46. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Data security concerns may affect the expanding influence of DeepSeek. B. DeepSeek’s influence is declining due to technical issues. C. DeepSeek’s future is certain and unchallenged. D. DeepSeek has successfully resolved all data security challenges. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Fifty-year-old Chen Hong and 40-year-old Lei Na from Chongqing have made history by becoming the first blind couple in China to complete a full marathon. During the 2024 Shanghai Marathon on Dec.1, assisted by five escort runners (护跑队员) ，Chen and Lei accomplished a 42.19-kilometer full marathon in 5 hours and 47 minutes. Their marathon journey began on Oct.15, 2022, with the founding of the Chongqing branch of Running in the Dark. Running in the Dark is a national charity that supports partially sighted runners. ___47___ The organization has also broadened its range to include sports such as hiking, cycling and swimming. Among the earliest participants, Chen and Lei seldom miss any of the branch’s monthly running events. Despite both losing their eyesight, the couple has steadily improved their running skills, with their escort runners alongside. ___48___ One person is visually damaged and the other acts as an escort runner, who alerts the former to turns, obstacles on the track and running techniques. “We serve as their eyes, but they help us see from our souls. ___49___” said Lu Wei, founder of the Chongqing branch. “By removing the obstacles they face during exercise, we hope to create a closer bond with each other.” To prepare for the full marathon in Shanghai, Chen and Lei spent eight months diligently engaged in running and various exercises to enhance their physical and core strength. “I think more people with disabilities should connect with society, which gives them love and respect, rather than isolating themselves at home. We only live once. ___50___” Chen said. A. It originated in Shanghai in 2016 and has grown to 27 branches nationwide. B. So why not reveal our true colors? C. Each makes the other better. D. They not only show their efforts, but also present an optimistic outlook on life. E. The participants run in pairs, holding a short rope between them. F. It’s just the beginning of their brand-new lives. Ⅲ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. We are living in an age of metaphorical (隐喻的) parenting. First it was tiger parenting. Then helicopter parenting, snowplow parenting, and free-range parenting became trends. Now, gentle parenting is having an extended moment. Here’s what experts say about these parenting styles and their potential consequences for kids. Known for prioritizing compassion, warmth, and respect, gentle parenting is an approach that has gained popularity in recent years. A major hallmark of this style is the focus on fostering a strong bond between children and their parents. “It involves approaching parenting with understanding and adjustment — being able to look at things through a child’s perspective,” says Sarah Bren, a licensed clinical psychologist and co-founder of the Upshur-Bren Psychology Group in Pelham, New York. “Depending on how boundaries are set and discipline is handled, it can look a bit like authoritative or permissive parenting”, experts say. Parents who stick to snowplow parenting — which is also called lawnmower parenting or bulldozer parenting — often try to clear obstacles out of a child’s path. The parents’ intentions may be good — they don’t want their kids to struggle or feel distressed — but this isn’t realistic because challenges are a natural part of life. As a parent, “You want kids to handle difficulty or conflict with your support and guidance to help them build resilience (toughness),” says Bren. However, Bren emphasizes guiding children through difficulties to build resilience, warning that constantly clearing paths due to fear of failure may unintentionally create the exact weakness parents seek to prevent. The term “helicopter parenting” refers to parents who revolve around their children, being controlling and overprotective, ready to jump in to help at any moment. Much like with snowplow parenting, “This micromanaging doesn’t help kids learn to navigate difficulties on the road or develop resilience,” says Michele Borba, an educational psychologist based in southern California. As a result, “The child becomes dependent and unprepared to make decisions or act independently in real-life situations.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 52. 专家们强烈建议，压力大的时候，留点时间锻炼身体。(leave) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 别低估微小举动的力量，它能帮不幸的人们渡过难关。（help）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 54. 人类的许多行为看上去无害，但会严重破坏海洋的生态平衡，这不足为奇。(It) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 随着技术创新和新能源的蓬勃发展，风能和太阳能将日益主导能源供应，实现温室气体零排放的目标指日可待。(reach) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ．Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学学生李华，你校英语组打算开展“经典名著整本阅读”项目，委托你了解同学们的想法。了解好以后，请你向负责老师写封邮件，要求： ●反映同学们的意见 (如内容难度、时间不够、兴趣缺乏等)； ●提出你的建议及理由。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$