字母与音标课件-2024-2025学年人教版（2024）英语七年级上册

字母与音标 音素和国际音标 1．什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。音标放在两条斜线（//），以免和字母混淆。 2．音素的分类：元音和辅音。英语辅音和元音在语言中的作用相当于汉语中的生母和韵母。 3．音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。 4．国际音标：是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。 英语国际音标表（48个） 元音（20个） 长元音 /ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ /ɜ:/ /i:/ /u:/ 短元音 /ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/ 双元音 /eɪ / /aɪ / /ɔɪ / /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ ee - see, beef, feet, tree ea – eat, tea, easy ie – piece, niece e – she, he, we, me i – police, ski /i:/ “衣” /ɪ/ “1” i – pig, sit, it y- city, only e-pretty, blanket ey-money, monkey 1./i:/ A.eat B.ear 2./i/ A.bike B. fish Have a try /e/ “诶”（上下齿之间约能容纳一个食指） e - egg, pen, leg a - many, any ea - bread, ready /æ/ 舌尖抵下齿，嘴角尽量拉伸，上下齿之间约能容纳食指和中指。 a- cat, fat, bag “哎” 1./e/ A.bed B.eraser 2./æ/ A.face B. cat Have a try /ɜ:/ “饿” or – world, work ir – bird, third, girl, sir er – serve, her, term ear – learn, earth, early /ə/ “额” a – panda, banana er- ruler, over, river or- forget, doctor 1./ɜ:/ A.her B.ear 2./ə/ A.banana B. cat Have a try /ɑ:/ “啊” a – banana, glass ar – far, smart ear - heart au – aunt /ʌ/ 发音弱于 /ɑ:/ ，脸部肌肉放松。 u – cup, but, bus, cut o – love, brother ou – country, young oo - blood, flood ə ə 1./ɑ:/ A.bus B.arm 2./ʌ/ A.bat B. duck Have a try /u:/ /ʊ/ “乌” u – ruler, blue, rude o – do, who, move wo – two oo – too, moon, food ou – soup, group ui – juice, fruit 类似”乌”，嘴唇要略噘起 u – sugar, push o – wolf, woman oo – foot, look ou – could, would 1./u:/ A.foot B.room 2./ʊ/ A.good B. ruler A good cook can cook good cookies. Have a try /ɔ:/ /ɒ/ “哦” o – dog, hot a – what, watch a(l) – almost, also or – horse, north oor – floor, door our – four, source 公鸡“喔 喔”叫时的样子 1./ɔ:/ A.north B.hot 2./ɒ/ A.dog B. four Have a try /eɪ/ /aɪ/ ai- rain, main, paid a- snake, cake, shake ay- play, day, may eigh- eight, weight i - bike, tiger, nice y- cry, type igh- light, sight “爱” “诶” 1./eɪ/ A.take B.cat 2./aɪ/ A.bike B. bag Have a try /ɔɪ/ oy- boy, joy, toy oi- voice,noise, soil /ɪə/ ear- ear, fear, hear e(r)- hero ere- here, mere eer- deer, peer, deer “12” “喔1” 1./tɔɪ/ 2./hɪə/ Have a try /eə/ /ʊə/ ear- pear, bear, wear a(r)- parent, are- care,dare air- hair, fair our- tour, gourd oor- poor ure-sure 1./beə/ 2./pʊə/ Have a try /əʊ/ /aʊ/ “欧乌” “傲乌” o- rose, most, open oa- boat, coat ou- soul ow- low, bowl ou- house, sound ow- cow, now 1./əʊ/ A.open B.hot 2./aʊ/ A.show B.how Have a try 辅音（28个） 轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ 浊辅音 /b/ /d/  /g/ /v/ /ð/  /z/  轻辅音 /ʃ/ / h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/  浊辅音 /ʒ/ / r/  /dz/  /dʒ/ /dr/  鼻音 /m/ /n/  /ŋ/  半元音   / j/ / w/ 边音 / ǀ/ /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ “泼” “播” pen , pig bat , bus “特” “得” table, tell dance, glad / k / / g / / f / / v / “可” kill, car “哥” “夫” “五” fox, fly go, great five, voice /θ/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ 上下齿轻咬住舌尖发“丝” “丝” “滋” thank, tooth mother, this boss, sunny zoo, please 上下齿轻咬住舌尖发“滋” 1./θ/ A.this B.three 2./ð/ A. tooth B.they Have a try /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /h/ /r/ “日” television “喝” “若” she, sure help, who “师” rose, wrong I wish you were a fish in my dish. 不把i发出来 /ts/ “刺” parents, cats /tʃ/ “吃” chicken, teach /tr/ “戳” try, true /dz/ “子”  hands, friends /dʒ/ “织” joke, gentle /dr/ “捉” drink, dream /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ 鼻腔音 “嗯” 闭嘴， 类似“m” 张嘴舌尖抵住上齿龈 颇像汉语拼音“eng” mouth, man night, run pink, king / j / / w / / ǀ / “夜” “我” yoga, young work, swim 在元音前：乐 在元音后：“ou”,但舌尖一定要翘起 lion, yellow tall, girl Challenge 1.写出12个单元音 2.写出8个双元音 3.写出10对成对的清浊辅音 $$