课时数智作业23-【高考DNA解码】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学生用书word（外研版2019）

课时数智作业(二十三) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条因面临环境问题而受到保护的河流。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句可知，鸟类受影响最严重的是密西西比河沿岸。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“The Danube features a richly diverse ecosystem，hosting 55 different species of fish．”可知，多瑙河有55种鱼类。] 3．D　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“The Office of the American States Department of Sustainable Development is working to manage the threats．”、文章第二段的“Fortunately，many projects and organizations are devoted to its conservation．”、文章第三段的“The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River was established in 1998 to manage its conservation．”和文章最后一段的“Organizations such as Conservation International are working to protect the river by advocating for its sustainable development．”可知，它们都受到一些组织的保护。故选D。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们通过灵长类动物基因组数据库来研究DNA的差异。 4．D　[推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity，thanks to a databank of genomes from 233 species．”可知，灵长类动物的基因组对于研究DNA的差异非常重要。故选D项。] 5．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知，科学家们建立基因组数据库的目的是去了解人类进化的优点与不足之处。故选D项。] 6．B　[段落大意题。根据第三段内容“Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws...and more，representing nearly half the known primate species．”可知，本段介绍的是建立数据库的过程。故选B项。] 7．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species”可推断出这个数据库对今后的研究具有重要的价值。故选B项。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍科学家对看似没有发生变化的生物物种进行研究，揭示了这些物种在进化过程中的选择机制。 8．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，本段提到腔棘鱼是为了举一个物种不变的例子。故选C项。] 9．B　[段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要讲述了人们一直认为自然选择是稳定选择而不是定向选择，也就是一个共同的看法。故选B项。] 10．B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，斯特劳德是通过跟踪研究对象来进行他的研究的。故选B项。] 11．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In other words，species staying unchanged may simply have found...To help answer this bigger question，Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards．”可知，接下来斯特劳德会在极端条件下检查蜥蜴。故选D项。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从爸爸到妈妈再到作者在种植植物的过程中得到安慰的故事。 1．C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“to our own particular needs and interests ”可知，这里说的是根据我们的需求来定制的。] 2．B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“sunroom”以及下文的“plants”可知，此处说的是用明亮的日光房来保护父亲种植的植物。] 3．A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“a heart attack”可知，此处说的是夺去了他的生命。] 4．B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“filled our sunroom with low-light plants like ferns”可知，这些植物容易被晒伤。] 5．D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“she experimented over years”可知，这里说的是试验，通过反复试验变得更好。] 6．D　[考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“but I knew the sight of the plants could call to mind their happy time”可知，这里说的是，母亲从来没有特别说过成为一名更好的园丁，是纪念父亲的一种方式。] 7．B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“but I knew the sight of the plants could call to mind their happy time”可知，这里说的是成为园丁。] 8．C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“at least part of the room always had plants growing in it”可知，这些植物让妈妈感到安慰。] 9．A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Then，last year，Mom experienced a series of falls”可知，这最终使得妈妈住院了。] 10．D　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“I felt exhausted to the point of __________”可知，这里要说的是全身心地照顾妈妈。] 11．A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“As I was thoroughly __________ with tending her while raising kids and working ”可知，这里说的是我疲惫得到了崩溃的地步。] 12．B　[考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“her plants，especially her enormous ferns”可知，此处说的是当我照料这些植物时。] 13．C　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“especially her enormous ferns”可知，这里说的是有一个合适的阴凉处。] 14．D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Mom may not be with us much longer”可知，妈妈的健康状况衰退了。] 15．C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Mom may not be with us much longer，for her health has _______ significantly．”可知，妈妈生病，现在轮到我来照料她的植物了。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 Notice In order to enhance students' consciousness of wildlife protection，our school English newspaper Youth will organize a photography exhibition with the theme of “Wildlife Protection”． We are now soliciting photography works．The works should be related to wildlife and clearly show the beauty and importance of wildlife．They can be in color or black and white，and the format is not limited．However，they must be original and not processed by any software．The deadline for submitting works is next Friday．Please send your works to the specified email address． We sincerely hope that every student can actively participate and show their unique perspectives on wildlife protection through their works．Let's work together to protect these precious lives． 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时数智作业(二十三) 选择性必修第一册　Unit 5　Revealing nature Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) (2024·山东泰安三模) The Amazon The Amazon River，the basin of which covers 2.3 million square miles，has incredible biodiversity with over 30，000 species of plants and 1，800 species of birds．It plays an important role in adjusting the climate in North and South America．The River and its forests are threatened by human activities，primary pollution and rapid resource depletion (损耗)．The Office of the American States Department of Sustainable Development is working to manage the threats． The Mississippi The Mississippi rises in western Minnesota and flows south for 2，530 miles into the Gulf of Mexico．Millions of people in over 50 cities use water from the Mississippi，and the river is also used for shipping and agriculture．Hundreds of animal species，including 60% of North America's birds，call the area around the Mississippi River home，but river pollution and shoreline habitat destruction threaten to displace them．Fortunately，many projects and organizations are devoted to its conservation． The Danube The Danube River begins in western Germany，flowing over 1，775 miles into the Black Sea．It spans 19 countries．The Danube features a richly diverse ecosystem，hosting 55 different species of fish．Cities across Europe use the Danube for power generation and agriculture，and there are more than 700 dams in total．Unfortunately，this river is overfished and heavily polluted．The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River was established in 1998 to manage its conservation． The Mekong The Mekong River is a necessary part of Southeast Asia's landscape，culture，and economy．Also called the Lancang River，it starts in China，stretching over 2，850 miles through Burma，Laos，Thailand，Cambodia，and Vietnam．Its basin provides more than 65 million people with food，drinking water，power，and transportation．Dams and power plants are harming Mekong's ecosystems．Organizations such as Conservation International are working to protect the river by advocating for its sustainable development． 1．Birds are affected most around__________．(　　) A．The Amazon B．The Mississippi C．The Danube D．The Mekong 2．How many fish species does the Danube host？(　　) A．70． B．65． C．55． D．50． 3．What do that four rivers have in common？(　　) A．They contribute to power production． B．They flow through multiple countries． C．They are troubled by dam construction． D．They are under protection of organizations． B 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·湖南岳阳三模) Rich varieties exist in primates (灵长目动物)．Monkeys roll on snowy Japanese mountains，gorillas chew fruit on Sumatra，lemurs jump between trees in Madagascar，and the naked apes—humans—walk proudly on two legs worldwide．Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity，thanks to a databank of genomes (基因组) from 233 species． To understand the good and bad of human evolution—both our extraordinary adaptations and disease-causing changes—scientists must compare the genomes of Homo sapiens (人类) to our closest evolutionary relatives，the primates．But researchers investigating diverse topics，from contemporary genetic diseases to human origins，have long faced a roadblock when pursuing this approach：While genomic data exists from millions of people，most of the 500-plus primate species never had their genomes read．So，in 2019，Tomàs Marquès-Bonet at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology，in Barcelona，Spain，and other biologists teamed up with disease researchers at the company Illumina，determined to obtain as many primate genomes as possible． Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws，the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples from wild and caged animals in South America，Africa，and Asia．Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies，the team built a bank of 809 genomes from individual baboons，gorillas，gibbons，and more，representing nearly half the known primate species． The data revealed insights about human origins and health，as well as primate conservation，published by more than 100 scientists across 10 papers in Science and Science Advances in June 2023．One study trained artificial intelligence to search human genomes for DNA differences likely to cause disease，based on whether non-human primates can live with those variants．According to Marquès-Bonet，“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species” and “a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate”—including humans． 4．What can we learn from paragraph 1？(　　) A．Primates vary mainly in habitats． B．Scientists focus on the diversity of primates． C．There are 233 species of primates in the world． D．Primate genomes are important for studying the DNA differences． 5．Why did the scientists build the databank of genomes？(　　) A．To cure human's various genetic diseases． B．To help human adapt to the environment． C．To investigate the process of human evolution． D．To understand the strength and drawback of human evolution． 6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about？(　　) A．The reasons for building the databank． B．The process of building the databank． C．The impacts of building the databank． D．The difficulties in building the databank． 7．What does Marquès-Bonet think of the databank？(　　) A．It still needs to be improved． B．It is of great value to future research． C．It is of little help to future research． D．It is unclear whether it's of help to future research． C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·湖北武汉二模) Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers；today's airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless，earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago．But some organisms seem to be unchanged—in other words，escape natural selection．The coelacanth，a modern-day fish，is nearly identical to its 410 million-year-old fossils． Scientists have long wondered how these species do so．It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection)． But a study published by the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea，showing that evolution constantly favors different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals to improve short-term survival．In the long term，though，“all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change，” says the study's lead author，James Stroud． Stroud and his colleagues studied lizard (蜥蜴) species；all relatively unchanged for 20 million years．The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years．They measured each lizard's head size，leg length，mass and height，as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头)，noting which individuals survived．Stroud expected to observe stabilizing selection at work preserving moderate qualities．Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection：some lizards with unique characteristics，such as stickier toes，survived better． “The study offers a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabilizing selection，” says Tadashi Fukami，an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University．Many new qualities are evolving in the short term，but they don't provide a crucial advantage over the long term．In other words，species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment．So what happens when the lizards' environment changes more dramatically? To help answer this bigger question，Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards． 8．Why does the author mention the “coelacanth fish” in paragraph 1？(　　) A．To demonstrate the power of evolution． B．To add evidence to natural selection． C．To give an example of unchanged species． D．To prove species' extraordinary makeovers． 9．What's the focus of paragraph 2？(　　) A．Unsolved mysteries． B．A common belief． C．A sharp contrast． D．Unique characteristics． 10．How did Stroud conduct his research？(　　) A．By analyzing lizard fossils． B．By tracking research objects． C．By illustrating stabilizing selection． D．By categorizing qualities of lizards． 11．What will Stroud probably do in the future？(　　) A．Make trips to visit lizard experts． B．Summarize average features of lizards． C．Reveal the best combinations of qualities． D．Examine lizards under extreme conditions． Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) (2024·山东潍坊三模) When I was 8，my family moved into our brand-new home．My parents had 1 it to our own particular needs and interests，including built-in bookshelves to house their hundreds of books and a large，bright sunroom to 2 all the plants my garden-loving father planned to grow．Unfortunately，a few months later，a heart attack 3 his life． My mother，who never had green fingers，filled our sunroom with low-light plants like ferns (蕨类植物)，which consistently 4 ．Instead of giving up，she experimented over years and eventually got better through 5 and error． She never 6 said she wanted to become a better 7 as a way to keep my dad's memory alive，but I knew the sight of the plants could call to mind their happy time．It was a 8 to her that at least part of the room always had plants growing in it． Then，last year，Mom experienced a series of falls that 9 her in hospital．As I was thoroughly 10 with tending her while raising kids and working，I felt exhausted to the point of 11 ．Magically，I always got recharged when 12 her plants，especially her enormous ferns—now at home in a more appropriate 13 spot． Mom may not be with us much longer，for her health has 14 significantly．It's my 15 to develop a green thumb—nursing her plants is a future source of comfort that we could be always together． (　　)1．A．repaired B．maintained C．tailored D．built (　　)2．A．hide B．shelter C．rescue D．produce (　　)3．A．claimed B．affected C．threatened D．wasted (　　)4．A．grew B．burned C．flowered D．disappeared (　　)5．A．wisdom B．control C．knowledge D．trial (　　)6．A．calmly B．cheerfully C．accurately D．specifically (　　)7．A．nurse B．gardener C．cook D．doctor (　　)8．A．reward B．promise C．comfort D．habit (　　)9．A．landed B．attacked C．enabled D．involved (　　)10．A．disappointed B．associated C．bored D．consumed (　　)11．A．collapse B．emptiness C．panic D．loneliness (　　)12．A．shouting at B．caring for C．cleaning away D．cutting down (　　)13．A．warm B．sunny C．shady D．cold (　　)14．A．advanced B．stabilized C．changed D．declined (　　)15．A．privilege B．decision C．turn D．future Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) (2025·河北邯郸模拟) 假定你是李华，你校英文报Youth拟组织一场以“Wildlife Protection”为主题的摄影展，请你写一则通知，发布在校英文报上，内容包括： 1．活动目的； 2．作品要求； 3．交稿时间。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Notice _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$