Unit 1 Period 2 Learning About Language（导学案）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 People of Achievement Period 2 Learning About Language（导学案）解析版 【学习目标】 1.巩固课文出现的重点课标词，在语境中理解单词的意义和功能，感知所填单词和前后单词之间的搭配关系，加深对语用的理解。 2.学会派生词的构词方法、特征和意义，并能运用目标词及其派生词描述卓有成就的人物。 3.掌握非限制性定语从句的语用功能，并能结合语境正确使用定语从句进行表达。 【学习重难点】 教学重点 语言维度：灵活使用所学词汇的同根词。 阅读与文化维度：帮助学生了解卓有成就的人的优秀品质，掌握相关核心词汇。 教学难点 语言深度运用：帮助学生了解限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。 思维拓展提升：深入理解科学研究背后所蕴含的精神品质，并能结合语境正确使用定语从句进行表达。 【预习清单】 英汉互译 1．penicillin n. 2． n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 3． n.流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.（过去式 ，过去分词 ）流；流动 4．chart n.   vt.   拓展  flow chart 5． n.小说家  联想   n.（长篇）小说  adj.新颖的；与众不同的 6． vi.& vt.（过去式 ，过去分词 ，现在分词 ）迅速离开；逃跑  搭配   ... ... 从……离开去……/逃到…… 7．wear and tear 【答案】 1．青霉素；盘尼西林 2．circumstance 3． flow flowed flowed 4． 图表 记录；制订计划 流程图 5． novelist novel 6． flee fled fled fleeing flee from to/into 7．（正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗 【学习过程】 1.朗读教材原文并感知限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。 (1)(教材原句)This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co­winner)，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. (2)(教材原句)In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. (3)(教材原句)From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. (4)(教材原句)Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. (5)(教材原句)This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 1．第(3)句为 定语从句，中间不用逗号隔开。 2．第(1)(2)(4)(5)句为 定语从句，中间用逗号隔开。 【答案】 限制性 ; 非限制性 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。归纳起来，二者有以下几点不同： 一、形式不同 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号，而限制性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。 I spoke to Dr. Smith just now, who is always ready to help others. (从句可有可无，从句前有逗号。) People who take physical exercise regularly live longer. (从句不可少，从句前无逗号。) 二、作用不同 限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切，是先行词不可缺少的定语，它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或物，如果删去，全句的意思就会变得不明确。而非限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用；若把它去掉，全句意思仍然清楚。 This is the person whom you are looking for. 这位就是你在找的那个人。 In their class there are fifteen students, who can speak English very well. 在他们班上，有15名学生，他们的英语都说得很好。 第一个例句中的定语从句表明作为主语的“人”不是任何一个，而是你在找的那个。如果去掉定语从句，表达的意思就不明确。第二个例句已经表明主语是谁，定语从句只不过是补充说明一点情况而已。若去掉从句，句子意思仍然完整。 三、含义不同 限制性定语从句有涉他性；非限制性定语从句有唯一性。 The books here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些书是他写的。(杂志有带图画和不带图画两类) The books here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 这些书是他写的，里面有漂亮的图画。(杂志只有一种) 四、关系词不同 非限制性定语从句的引导词有： 表示人 who, whom, whose 表示时间 when，介词＋which 表示 事/物 which, as 表示地点 where，介词＋which 1.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人的时候，关系代词只能是who, whom，不能用that；先行词指物的时候，关系代词只能用which，不能用that。 2．引导非限制性定语从句的which, as可以代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到了嗓子眼。 As I expected, he didn't believe me. 正如我所预料的，他不相信我。 五．使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项 1．that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that不可以。 2．关系代词替代情况不同 (1)关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。 (2)在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用that代替 who/whom，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用that代替who/whom。 3．关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省略。　　 六．as引导定语从句时的用法　 1．as引导限制性定语从句通常用于“the same ...as, such ...as”结构中。 2．as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用于下列句型：as we know/as is known to all/as we all can see, as is often the case, as might be imagined, as might be expected, as has been pointed out, as has been said before/above, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as I expect等。 3．as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别： which as 位置的区别 句中 句首或句中 含义的区别 没有此含义 有“正如”的含义 用适当的关系词填空 1．Dr.Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 2．Whenever I met her, was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. 3．She has been absent again, is expected. 4．The famous footballer, in honour a party will be held, is to arrive this afternoon. 5． is reported in the newspaper, a serious accident has happened recently. 6．The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building, most of hadn't been cleaned for at least one month. 7．I shall never forget those years I lived in the countryside with the farmers, has a great effect on my life. 8．Her father works in a factory, he makes cars. 9．The old lady has two daughters, one of is working abroad. 10．This is one of the reasons you have to give it up. 【答案】 1.whose 2. which 3. as 4.whose 5.As 6.which 7.when ;which 8. where 9.whom 10.why 应用实践 读后-思维提升 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意定语从句的运用。 1 (众所周知), senior high school life is an important turning point and 2 (高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided to do something for the coming graduation. Having had a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school. Material collecting took us a whole week, 3 (在此期间，我们采访了我们的老师，并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面). Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out to be perfect. 4 (播放录像的那一天), it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time, 5 (这当然给了我们很大的成就感). 【答案】1．As is universally known 2．senior high school campus is an important place where students study and live 3．during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life 4．That day when the video was played 5．which surely gave us a great sense of achievement 读后-课堂练习 Johann Sebastian Bach was a talented and influential composer and musician.__1__ (know) as the father of western music for his great works, Bach created over 1,000 pieces of music in his lifetime. Bach was born in 1685 in a small town in Germany.His father taught him to play the violin and harpsichord(old piano) and __2__ addition, he learned to play the organ (管风琴) from his older brother. Bach became a famous organist when he was young, working as a musician for a __3__(various) of churches.He began to compose original works for all sorts of church services.However, most of this music was written to be performed only once and __4__(eventual), only very little of his music was published — not many people really __5__ (appreciate) it. Later, while working as an organist for a Duke(公爵), Bach received a better job offer.When he tried to leave to take __6__ new chance, the Duke put him in prison for a month.But Bach loved music so much that he didn't stop __7__ (create) music.He composed 46 pieces of music during his time in prison, many of __8__ are still performed today. Bach's music wasn't truly accepted during his lifetime, but now he __9__(consider) to be one of the __10__ (great) composers in history. 【答案】 1．Known　2．in　3．variety　4．eventually　5．appreciated　6．the　7．creating　8．which　 9．is considered　10．greatest　 总结-语言点 1．Did you come to any conclusions? 你得出什么结论了吗？ conclusion n．结论；推论 例句：①They arrived at a conclusion after several long discussions. 经过数次长时间的讨论之后，他们得出了结论。 ②In conclusion, over the years I've concluded that she's a very great musician. 总之，这些年来我认为她是一位非常伟大的音乐家。 ③He concluded his speech with a famous saying，“Where there is a will, there is a way.” 他以一句名言结束了他的演讲：“有志者，事竟成。” [归纳点拨] (1)come to/draw/reach/get to/arrive at a conclusion (from)(由……)得出结论 in conclusion 最后；总之 bring ...to a conclusion 结束…… (2)conclude vt. 结束；断定；推断出 conclude ...with ... 以……结束…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ④In (conclude), I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here. ⑤(2020·天津高考)This led Jones to the (conclude) that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. ⑥At last, I want to conclude my speech a poem by Li Bai. ⑦ that he's not the right person for the job. 我断定他不适合做这项工作。 【答案】④conclusion⑤conclusion⑥with⑦I've come to/arrived at/drawn/reached a conclusion 2．Her circumstances are beyond our control. 她的情况我们无法控制。 circumstance n．条件；环境；状况；情况(常用复数形式circumstances) 例句：①Unfortunately, due to unforeseen circumstances, this year's show has been cancelled. 不幸的是，由于无法预料的情况，今年的演出被取消了。 ②Under no circumstances should we shrink back from difficulties. 我们在困难面前决不应退缩。 [归纳点拨] under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不……(位于句首时句子要部分倒装) under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 under/in any circumstance(s) 在任何情况下 （发散思维）　表示“决不”且与under/in no circumstances用法类似的词组还有in no case, at no time, by no means, in no way, on no account, on no condition等。 完成下列句子 ③He isn't a reliable man. lend him any money. 他不可靠。你无论如何都不该借钱给他。 ④ he felt unable to accept the job. 在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。 ⑤It's an experimental model, so don't touch it . 这是一个实验模型，因此在任何情况下都不要碰它。 【答案】③In/Under no circumstances should you④In/Under the circumstances⑤under/in any circumstances 迁移创新 完成句子 1．The majority of residents in Chinatown are ethnic Chinese, . 他们当中很多人说英语不流利。(定语从句) 2．Kayla has lots of friends. One of them is a doctor. (用定语从句改写) 3．Poetry of Tang Dynasty is closely associated with culture, and it requires some relevant background resources — especially the basic knowledge of history. (用定语从句改写) 4．He will work in a new music studio. The equipment of the studio is being set up. (用定语从句合并) 5．The community set up a clinic. Local residents can easily access basic healthcare services there. (合并为定语从句) 6．These paragraphs come from a book. The book was written by Mark Twain.(用非限制定语从句合并句子 ) 7．During their first day, Vancouver, it rained. (as引导非限制性定语从句，typical) 正如温哥华的典型天气，在她们到那里的第一天，就下雨了。 8．       , China is developing at a high speed. 正如报道的那样，中国正在高速发展。 9．The enterprise frequently poured polluted water into the Li River. It was widely criticized by environmentalists.  (用定语从句合并句子) 10．如图所示，只有4%的学生每周运动超过5小时，代表了一小部分对运动有强烈热情的学生 , only 4% of the students exercise for more than 5 hours per week, representing a small group with a strong passion for sports. 【答案】 1.many of whom do not speak English fluently 2.Kayla has lots of friends, one of whom is a doctor. 3.Poetry of Tang Dynasty is closely associated with culture, which requires some relevant background resources — especially the basic knowledge of history. 4.He will work in a new music studio, whose equipment is being set up. 5.The community set up a clinic where local residents can easily access basic healthcare services. 6.These paragraphs come from a book, which was written by Mark Twin. 7. as is typical of 8. As is reported 9.The enterprise frequently poured polluted water into the Li River, which was widely criticized by environmentalists 10.As is shown in the figure 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 People of Achievement Period 2 Learning About Language（导学案）解析版 【学习目标】 1.巩固课文出现的重点课标词，在语境中理解单词的意义和功能，感知所填单词和前后单词之间的搭配关系，加深对语用的理解。 2.学会派生词的构词方法、特征和意义，并能运用目标词及其派生词描述卓有成就的人物。 3.掌握非限制性定语从句的语用功能，并能结合语境正确使用定语从句进行表达。 【学习重难点】 教学重点 语言维度：灵活使用所学词汇的同根词。 阅读与文化维度：帮助学生了解卓有成就的人的优秀品质，掌握相关核心词汇。 教学难点 语言深度运用：帮助学生了解限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。 思维拓展提升：深入理解科学研究背后所蕴含的精神品质，并能结合语境正确使用定语从句进行表达。 【预习清单】 英汉互译 1．penicillin n. 2． n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 3． n.流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.（过去式 ，过去分词 ）流；流动 4．chart n.   vt.   拓展  flow chart 5． n.小说家  联想   n.（长篇）小说  adj.新颖的；与众不同的 6． vi.& vt.（过去式 ，过去分词 ，现在分词 ）迅速离开；逃跑  搭配   ... ... 从……离开去……/逃到…… 7．wear and tear 【学习过程】 1.朗读教材原文并感知限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。 (1)(教材原句)This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co­winner)，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. (2)(教材原句)In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. (3)(教材原句)From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. (4)(教材原句)Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. (5)(教材原句)This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 1．第(3)句为 定语从句，中间不用逗号隔开。 2．第(1)(2)(4)(5)句为 定语从句，中间用逗号隔开。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。归纳起来，二者有以下几点不同： 一、形式不同 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号，而限制性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。 I spoke to Dr. Smith just now, who is always ready to help others. (从句可有可无，从句前有逗号。) People who take physical exercise regularly live longer. (从句不可少，从句前无逗号。) 二、作用不同 限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切，是先行词不可缺少的定语，它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或物，如果删去，全句的意思就会变得不明确。而非限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用；若把它去掉，全句意思仍然清楚。 This is the person whom you are looking for. 这位就是你在找的那个人。 In their class there are fifteen students, who can speak English very well. 在他们班上，有15名学生，他们的英语都说得很好。 第一个例句中的定语从句表明作为主语的“人”不是任何一个，而是你在找的那个。如果去掉定语从句，表达的意思就不明确。第二个例句已经表明主语是谁，定语从句只不过是补充说明一点情况而已。若去掉从句，句子意思仍然完整。 三、含义不同 限制性定语从句有涉他性；非限制性定语从句有唯一性。 The books here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些书是他写的。(杂志有带图画和不带图画两类) The books here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 这些书是他写的，里面有漂亮的图画。(杂志只有一种) 四、关系词不同 非限制性定语从句的引导词有： 表示人 who, whom, whose 表示时间 when，介词＋which 表示 事/物 which, as 表示地点 where，介词＋which 1.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人的时候，关系代词只能是who, whom，不能用that；先行词指物的时候，关系代词只能用which，不能用that。 2．引导非限制性定语从句的which, as可以代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到了嗓子眼。 As I expected, he didn't believe me. 正如我所预料的，他不相信我。 五．使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项 1．that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that不可以。 2．关系代词替代情况不同 (1)关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。 (2)在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用that代替 who/whom，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用that代替who/whom。 3．关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省略。　　 六．as引导定语从句时的用法　 1．as引导限制性定语从句通常用于“the same ...as, such ...as”结构中。 2．as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用于下列句型：as we know/as is known to all/as we all can see, as is often the case, as might be imagined, as might be expected, as has been pointed out, as has been said before/above, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as I expect等。 3．as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别： which as 位置的区别 句中 句首或句中 含义的区别 没有此含义 有“正如”的含义 用适当的关系词填空 1．Dr.Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 2．Whenever I met her, was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. 3．She has been absent again, is expected. 4．The famous footballer, in honour a party will be held, is to arrive this afternoon. 5． is reported in the newspaper, a serious accident has happened recently. 6．The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building, most of hadn't been cleaned for at least one month. 7．I shall never forget those years I lived in the countryside with the farmers, has a great effect on my life. 8．Her father works in a factory, he makes cars. 9．The old lady has two daughters, one of is working abroad. 10．This is one of the reasons you have to give it up. 应用实践 读后-思维提升 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意定语从句的运用。 1 (众所周知), senior high school life is an important turning point and 2 (高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided to do something for the coming graduation. Having had a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school. Material collecting took us a whole week, 3 (在此期间，我们采访了我们的老师，并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面). Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out to be perfect. 4 (播放录像的那一天), it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time, 5 (这当然给了我们很大的成就感). 读后-课堂练习 Johann Sebastian Bach was a talented and influential composer and musician.__1__ (know) as the father of western music for his great works, Bach created over 1,000 pieces of music in his lifetime. Bach was born in 1685 in a small town in Germany.His father taught him to play the violin and harpsichord(old piano) and __2__ addition, he learned to play the organ (管风琴) from his older brother. Bach became a famous organist when he was young, working as a musician for a __3__(various) of churches.He began to compose original works for all sorts of church services.However, most of this music was written to be performed only once and __4__(eventual), only very little of his music was published — not many people really __5__ (appreciate) it. Later, while working as an organist for a Duke(公爵), Bach received a better job offer.When he tried to leave to take __6__ new chance, the Duke put him in prison for a month.But Bach loved music so much that he didn't stop __7__ (create) music.He composed 46 pieces of music during his time in prison, many of __8__ are still performed today. Bach's music wasn't truly accepted during his lifetime, but now he __9__(consider) to be one of the __10__ (great) composers in history. 总结-语言点 1．Did you come to any conclusions? 你得出什么结论了吗？ conclusion n．结论；推论 例句：①They arrived at a conclusion after several long discussions. 经过数次长时间的讨论之后，他们得出了结论。 ②In conclusion, over the years I've concluded that she's a very great musician. 总之，这些年来我认为她是一位非常伟大的音乐家。 ③He concluded his speech with a famous saying，“Where there is a will, there is a way.” 他以一句名言结束了他的演讲：“有志者，事竟成。” [归纳点拨] (1)come to/draw/reach/get to/arrive at a conclusion (from)(由……)得出结论 in conclusion 最后；总之 bring ...to a conclusion 结束…… (2)conclude vt. 结束；断定；推断出 conclude ...with ... 以……结束…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ④In (conclude), I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here. ⑤(2020·天津高考)This led Jones to the (conclude) that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. ⑥At last, I want to conclude my speech a poem by Li Bai. ⑦ that he's not the right person for the job. 我断定他不适合做这项工作。 2．Her circumstances are beyond our control. 她的情况我们无法控制。 circumstance n．条件；环境；状况；情况(常用复数形式circumstances) 例句：①Unfortunately, due to unforeseen circumstances, this year's show has been cancelled. 不幸的是，由于无法预料的情况，今年的演出被取消了。 ②Under no circumstances should we shrink back from difficulties. 我们在困难面前决不应退缩。 [归纳点拨] under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不……(位于句首时句子要部分倒装) under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 under/in any circumstance(s) 在任何情况下 （发散思维）　表示“决不”且与under/in no circumstances用法类似的词组还有in no case, at no time, by no means, in no way, on no account, on no condition等。 完成下列句子 ③He isn't a reliable man. lend him any money. 他不可靠。你无论如何都不该借钱给他。 ④ he felt unable to accept the job. 在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。 ⑤It's an experimental model, so don't touch it . 这是一个实验模型，因此在任何情况下都不要碰它。 迁移创新 完成句子 1．The majority of residents in Chinatown are ethnic Chinese, . 他们当中很多人说英语不流利。(定语从句) 2．Kayla has lots of friends. One of them is a doctor. (用定语从句改写) 3．Poetry of Tang Dynasty is closely associated with culture, and it requires some relevant background resources — especially the basic knowledge of history. (用定语从句改写) 4．He will work in a new music studio. The equipment of the studio is being set up. (用定语从句合并) 5．The community set up a clinic. Local residents can easily access basic healthcare services there. (合并为定语从句) 6．These paragraphs come from a book. The book was written by Mark Twain.(用非限制定语从句合并句子 ) 7．During their first day, Vancouver, it rained. (as引导非限制性定语从句，typical) 正如温哥华的典型天气，在她们到那里的第一天，就下雨了。 8．       , China is developing at a high speed. 正如报道的那样，中国正在高速发展。 9．The enterprise frequently poured polluted water into the Li River. It was widely criticized by environmentalists.  (用定语从句合并句子) 10．如图所示，只有4%的学生每周运动超过5小时，代表了一小部分对运动有强烈热情的学生 , only 4% of the students exercise for more than 5 hours per week, representing a small group with a strong passion for sports. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$