选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration(教用Word)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

Unit 3　Sea Exploration [词汇句型必背] Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．merchant n．商人；批发商 adj.海上货运的 2．fleet n．舰队；机群；车队 3．behold vt.(beheld，beheld)看；看见 4．spice n．(调味)香料 5．maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的 6．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛 7．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑 8．press conference 记者招待会；新闻发布会 9．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的 10．submersible n．潜水器；可潜船 11．underwater adv.在水下 adj.水下的 12．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱 13．coral n．珊瑚 14．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居 15．directory n．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录 16．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削 17．gallon n．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升) 18．log vt.把……载入正式记录；记录 n．正式记录；日志；原木 19．marine adj.海的；海产的；海生的 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．tale n．故事；叙述 2．negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商 3．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛 4．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的 5．withdraw vt.& vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离 6．channel n．航道；海峡；频道 7．bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合 8．tax vt.对……征税；使纳税 n．税；税款 9．meanwhile adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下 10．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机 2．politics n．政治；政治观点→political adj.政治的；政治上的→politician n．政治家；政客 3．profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员 4．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物→mix vt.配制；混淆；使混合→mixed adj.混合的；人员混杂的 5．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖 6．applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩 7．murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n．谋杀；凶杀→murderer n．谋杀犯 8．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的 9．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possess vt.控制；具有；拥有 10．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的 1．tiptoe /'tIptə/ n．脚尖 vi.踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走 2．for sth.'s sake 为某事本身的缘故；鉴于某事本身的价值 3．disorder /dIs'də(r)/ n．紊乱；混乱；骚乱 4．excessive /Ik'sesIv/ adj.过度的；过多的 5．all­round /l'rand/ adj.全面的；全能的；多才多艺的 6．obstacle /'bstəkl/ n．障碍；障碍物 7．accumulation /əkjumjə'leIn/ n．积累；聚积物 8．devil /'devl/ n．魔鬼；恶魔 9．compliment /'kmplImənt/ n．称赞；问候；致意 vt.赞美；钦佩 10．bolster /'bəlstə(r)/ vt.改善；加强　 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．set sail 起航；开航 2．in a league of one's own 独领风骚 3．withdraw from 退出；撤回 4．in hand 在手头；可供使用；在掌握中；在控制中 5．search for寻找 6．under the command of在……的指挥下 7．in return for作为对……的回报 8．for the benefit of为了……的好处/利益 9．take action采取行动 10．as well as也；又；还 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.(The aim is to do...) 这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路沿线地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。 2．China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.(which引导的非限制性定语从句) 中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。 3．...there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.(there is an urgent need to do sth.迫切需要做某事) ……为了了解气候变化及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。 4．To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.(不定式作目的状语) 为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。 5．We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(so that引导目的状语从句) 我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。 [词汇句型默写] Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1．merchant n．商人；批发商 adj.海上货运的 2．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱 3．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居 4．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削 5．log vt.把……载入正式记录；记录 n．正式记录；日志；原木 6．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛 7．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑 8．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的 9．coral n．珊瑚 10．underwater adv.在水下 adj.水下的 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．tale n．故事；叙述 2．negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商 3．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛 4．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的 5．withdraw vt.& vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离 6．channel n．航道；海峡；频道 7．bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合 8．tax vt.对……征税；使纳税 n．税；税款 9．meanwhile adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下 10．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分) 1．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机 2．profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员 3．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖 4．politics n．政治；政治观点→political adj.政治的；政治上的→politician n．政治家；政客 5．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．tiptoe n．脚尖 vi.踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走 2．all­round adj.全面的；全能的；多才多艺的 3．compliment n．称赞；问候；致意 vt.赞美；钦佩 4．for sth.'s sake 为某事本身的缘故；鉴于某事本身的价值 5．obstacle n．障碍；障碍物 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．set sail 起航；开航 2．as well as也；又；还 3．for the benefit of 为了……的好处/利益 4．in return for 作为对……的回报 5．under the command of 在……的指挥下 [语境即时运用] Ⅰ．词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共20分) 1．The murderer had murdered a novelist before he fled his country.(murder) 2．Professor Smith，who is famous in the medical profession，is paying a professional visit to our college.(profession) 3．The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works，which are considered to be treasures in its possession．(possess) 4．He mixed the two ingredients together in the bowl and the mixture tasted delicious.(mix) 5．He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless to those he doesn't like.(mercy) 6．When he entered the hall，he was greeted by thunderous applause．All the fans applauded excitedly.(applaud) 7．The two opponents were opposed to each other's opinions.(oppose) 8．A reporter from CCTV is covering the incident on the spot and it has also received wide coverage by many other media.(cover) 9．To extend the range of services，we are building a two­storey extension to the hospital.Besides，extensive repair work is being carried out.(extend) 10．They have been negotiating about the items of the contract for hours，but the negotiation doesn't seem to go smoothly.(negotiate) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) in a league of one's own; in hand; set sail; in return for; for the benefit of 1．The lawyer is confident to win the case because he has got some strong evidence in hand． 2．In recent years，China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens. 3．In terms of global influence，China and the U．S.clearly stand in a league of their own． 4．After the graduation ceremony，we bid farewell to each other and set sail for an unknown future. 5．In return for his kindness，those animals he cared for stayed closely around him until he passed away. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1．这次活动的目的是增强我们保护文化遗产的意识。(The aim is to do...) The aim of the activity is to raise our awareness of protecting the cultural heritage. 2．他昨晚熬夜，这是导致他第二天在课堂上睡觉的原因。(which引导非限制性定语从句) He stayed up late last night，which accounted for his sleeping in the class the next day. 3．我给你写信是为了和你分享我对如何与父母友好相处的观点。(不定式作目的状语) I am writing to you to share with you my opinions on how to get along well with parents. 4．急需做出一些改变以适应当前的情况。(There is an urgent need to do...) There is an urgent need to make some changes to adapt to the current situations. 5．我对茶的传统制作过程做了详细的说明以便他们能更好地理解它。(so that引导目的状语从句) I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail so that they could better understand it． [语境词汇串记] The Ming Dynasty desired to strengthen the 1.bonds(bond) with some western countries and between 1405 and 1433，seven large fleets 2.under the command of Zheng He set sail from the South China Sea.They sailed across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa，along the marine channels which 3.had been extended(extend) by the former merchants and explorers.They took gold，silk and spices to the African royal families 4.and negotiated trade deals with them.Meanwhile，with 5.advanced(advance) weapons in hand，they had mercy on rather than exploited，murdered or arrested the people in other countries，6.who in turn applauded them.They also 7.logged(log) many tales that had happened along the way.Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of 8.their(they) own at that time.Today，to reach out across the sea remains a strong desire.And the ancient routes 9.travelled(travel) by Zheng He are being revisited with the aim 10.to encourage(encourage) cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas. 1．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开 vi.& vt.持续，延续(extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的 extension n．延伸；扩大；延期) extend...to...向……提供/给予…… extend to延长到 extend by延长了 (1)The boss said at the press conference that he would extend(extend) his business to foreign countries in the near future. (2)He first entered the country on a six­month visa，and was given a further extension(extend) of six months. (3)这些课程每周上一节课，每节课两小时，持续超过20周。 These courses are based on a weekly two­hour class，extending over a period of twenty weeks． 2．mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的) ·show mercy to对……怜悯/宽恕 have mercy on/upon对……怜悯/宽恕 at the mercy of...任由……摆布 ·be merciful to...对……仁慈 (1)The boss often exploits young employees，that is，young employees are at the mercy of the boss. (2)When he was taken to hospital，his injuries were so severe that death would be a merciful(mercy) release. (3)尽管梅雷迪斯一家不富裕，但他们同情穷人，总是在可能的时候愿意伸出援手。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) Although the Merediths weren't well off，they showed mercy to/had mercy on the poor and were always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible. 3．possession n.[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制(possess vt.拥有；具有；支配) ·take possession of (表动作)占有；拥有 in possession of (表状态)具有；拥有 in the possession of被……拥有；归……所有 ·be possessed of sth.具有(某种品质或特征) (1)You cannot legally take possession(possess) of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed. (2)All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) (3)Athens was more like a cooperative business possessing(possess) great wealth，in which all citizens had a right to share. (4)请记住，只有拥有良好的心态，你才能获得成功。 Keep in mind that only if you possess/are possessed of a good state of mind will you attain success． 4．in hand在手头；可供使用 at hand近在手边；在附近 by hand手工，用手的 hand in hand手挽手；密切关联 on the one hand...on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面) give sb. a hand 帮助……；施以援手 用hand的相关短语填空 (1)With shared bikes in hand，our school life has become increasingly convenient. (2)You'd better keep a dictionary close at hand so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it. (3)Even for personal letters，the merchant would rather use a computer than write by hand. (4)一方面，计算机提高了工作效率；另一方面，也带来了一些新问题。 On the one hand，computers improve the working efficiency；on the other (hand)，they also bring about some new problems. 5．so that引导目的状语从句 　We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action．我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。 ·本句中so that引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，从句中往往含有情态动词，如can，could，may，might等。 ·so that也可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往没有情态动词。 (1)下次你来我们的城市时，一定要提前给我打电话，以便我可以做一些必要的安排。 Next time you visit our city，you must call me ahead of schedule so that I can make some necessary arrangements． (2)公共汽车坏了，我们不得不步行回家，这让我们怒火中烧。 The bus broke down so that we had to walk home，which made us boil with anger. Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．withdraw (1)I wanted to withdraw $4，000 from my bank account. C (2)I heard you are going to withdraw from the speech class.(2021·浙江1月卷) A (3)Sensing his mistake，the minister withdrew his statement later. B 2．bond A．n.纽带；关系　B．n.保释金　C．vt.使牢固结合　D．v.增强信任关系 (1)The new type of glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds. C (2)The following day，the taxi driver was released on $5，000 bond. B (3)It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) D (4)Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion...(2021·天津高考) A 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 (1)All the people present at the meeting applaud my decision.赞成 (2)It's a mercy that she wasn't seriously injured.n.幸运 (3)Arrested by the latest electronic toys, the little boy stood in front of the windows without moving.vt.吸引 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．Many people had their possessions(possess) buried under the ruins，thus becoming homeless. 2．We learn traditional Chinese art such as Beijing Opera under the guidance of professional (profession) teachers. 3．Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful(mercy) that would catch snakes but not harm them. 4．It is reported that negotiation (negotiate) broke down because one side refused to keep the rule. 5．For some reason，I withdrew from a handful of grand clubs and I will never join them again. 6．Even today，in this country about 14 million people live in rural areas with zero Internet coverage (cover). 7．I got the chance to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful (mercy) to catch the snakes. 8．Do keep in mind that my assistance will be at hand whenever you need it. 9．This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture(mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements. 10．All the merchants stayed silent，listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of applause(applaud) at the end. 应用文增分练——海湾保护 (2022·全国甲卷，改编)，你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1．海洋的重要性； 2．保护海洋的倡议。 【完成句子】 1．6月8日是世界海洋日，其目的是提高人们对海洋保护的认识。(the aim is to do...；whose引导定语从句) 2．海洋起着至关重要的作用，它不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且维持了自然的平衡。(which引导的非限制性定语从句) 3．随着世界海洋日的临近，迫切需要采取措施保护海洋。(with的复合结构；There is an urgent need to do...) 4．为了做出我们的贡献，我们学生可以发传单，呼吁更多的人保护海洋。(不定式作目的状语) 5．现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了，这样我们才能建设一个更加和谐的世界，在未来过上更好的生活。(so that引导目的状语从句) 【组句成篇】 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 【参考范文】 When it comes to the ocean，its pollution is becoming more and more serious.World Oceans Day falls on June 8th，whose aim is to raise people's awareness of ocean conservation. The ocean，which plays a vital role，not only offers us sufficient food，but also maintains the balance of nature.With the World Oceans Day approaching，there is an urgent need to take measures to protect the ocean.To make our contributions，we students can hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.Besides，we should stop throwing garbage into the ocean. All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean，so that we can build a more harmonious world and live a better life in the future. 续写积累精练 教材语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　mercy n．→merciful adj.；opponent n．→opposed adj.；mixture n．→mixed adj. [动作描写]　set sail；negotiate；withdraw from；applaud；exploit；arrest 美句 1.Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements.(主旨升华) 2.In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.(动作描写) 3.Opponents may be concerned，but sea exploration is important for our future.(情感描写) 拓展语料积累　【修辞妙用之拟人】 拟人就是赋予物以人的语言属性。拟人手法的使用会使文章更加形象生动、富有情趣。 句型 1.The mist swallowed them up and the icy wind started howling，stinging their faces violently.薄雾吞没了他们，冰冷的风呼啸着，猛烈地刺痛了他们的脸。 2.Seeing such extraordinary beauty，I think every cell in my body woke up.看到这绝美景色，我想我身体里的每一个细胞都苏醒了。 3.The first rays of morning tiptoed through the grass.第一缕晨光蹑手蹑脚地穿过草地。 4.Immediately an absolute darkness ruled the forest and an extreme sense of fear seized me.刹那间，漆黑统治了整个森林，一种极度的恐惧感笼罩着我。 5.One evening saw/witnessed a bus driver weaving through traffic.一天晚上，一位公共汽车司机穿梭在车流中。 6.The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air，making a beautiful picture.羽毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，构成一幅美丽的图画。 7.The bees played hide­and­seek with the flowers as they buzzed from one flower to another.蜜蜂嗡嗡地从一朵花到另一朵花上，与花朵进行捉迷藏。 语料运用　【海上遇险】 Although Sam had been warned that ①a storm was coming，there was little that would keep him from going.②With the icy wind howling and the thick fog swallowing everything(with的复合结构)，Sam set sail on a freezing night.The storm was gaining strength on land，but had not yet reached a place far from the coast.③Waves rocked the small boat，which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride.They were completely ④at the mercy of the storm．The dim lamps hanging on the boat slipped into the angry sea，throwing them in complete darkness.⑤Only then did the fear begin to seize Sam(倒装句).Then the dark sea along with a few twinkling stars ⑥witnessed a death­and­life struggle between humans and nature．Fortunately，⑦the stormy sea finally calmed down and ⑧the first rays of morning tiptoed on the horizon． 尽管山姆被警告暴风雨即将来临，但几乎没有什么能阻止他去。伴随着呼啸的寒风和吞噬一切的浓雾，山姆在一个寒冷的夜晚启航了。风暴在陆地上越来越大，但还没有到达离岸很远的地方。波浪摇晃着小船，小船开始像游乐园里的游乐设施一样侧向转弯。他们完全任凭风暴摆布。船上挂着的昏暗的灯滑入愤怒的大海，把他们抛在一片无尽的黑暗中。直到这时，恐惧才开始笼罩山姆。然后，黑暗的大海以及闪烁着的几颗星辰，见证了人与自然之间的生死斗争。幸运的是，惊涛骇浪的大海终于平静下来，第一缕曙光蹑手蹑脚地出现在地平线上。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$