选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage(教用Word)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

Unit 4　Adversity and Courage [词汇句型必背] Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．adversity n．困境；逆境 2．expedition n．探险；远征；探险队 3．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力 4．cupboard n．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 5．steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 6．crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n．拥挤的人群 7．stove n．炉具；厨房灶具 8．banjo n．班卓琴(乐器) 9．voyage n．& vi.航海；航行 10．navy n．海军；海军部队 11．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的 12．cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的 13．crew n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 14．rugby n．橄榄球运动 15．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的 16．navigator n．领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者 17．episode n．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲 18．motive n．动机；原因；目的 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．wage n．工资 2．bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 3．vigour(NAmE vigor) n．精力；力量；活力 4．sink vi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没 5．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃 6．blanket n．毯子 7．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 8．good/bad­tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的 9．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 10．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 11．furniture n．家具 12．bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声；厉声质问 13．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打 14．damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的 15．recreation n．娱乐；消遣；游戏 16．nephew n．侄子；外甥 17．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 18．motor n．发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的 19．candidate n．候选人；应试者 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify v．(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualification n．资格；资历；资格证书 2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱 3．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board v．上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿 n．木板；董事会；伙食 4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配 5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的 6．belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产→belong vi.属于；应在(某处) 7．selfish adj.自私的→selfishly adv.自私地→selfishness n．自私 8．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 9．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定；决心 10．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷 11．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately (反) adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气；财产→fortunate adj.幸运的 12．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide n．导游；指南 vt.带领；引导；为……领路 13．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；宣传 14．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n．忠诚；忠实 15．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 1．reel /ril/ vi.蹒跚；踉跄 2．fasten /'fɑsn/ vt.& vi.系牢；扣紧；关住 3．invulnerable /In'vlnərəbl/ adj.无懈可击的；打不败的→vulnerable /'vlnərəbl/ adj.易受伤的；脆弱的 be vulnerable to sth.易受……伤害的 4．glimpse /ɡlImps/ vt.瞥见；看一眼 n．一瞥；短暂的感受 5．confine /kən'faIn/ vt.限制；监禁；使离不开 confine...to把……局限于；把……限制于 6．resemble /rI'zembl/ vt.像；与……相似 7．sparkle /'spɑkl/ vi.闪耀；闪闪发光 8．fuss /fs/ n．无谓的激动；大惊小怪；小题大做 make a fuss (about sth.)(因某事)大惊小怪 9．forbid /fə'bId/ vt.(forbade /fə'bd；fə'beId/，forbidden /fə'bIdn/) 禁止；不许 forbid sb. from (doing sth.) 禁止某人(做某事) 10．halt /hlt/ vi.停止 vt.阻止 n．停止；暂停 come to a halt停止；停滞　 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．turn sb. down拒绝(某人) 2．make fire生火 3．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体) 4．dream of/about梦想 5．at the age of在……岁时 6．be enthusiastic about对……充满热情 7．become/be stuck in陷于 8．throw away扔掉 9．manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 10．go from bad to worse每况愈下 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries.(全部倒装) 以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记摘录。 2．Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats，our food，the cook stove，candles，clothes，and blankets.(before引导的时间状语从句) 在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。 3．How could I become as selfish and bad­tempered as Thomas Orde­Lees！(as...as...) 我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！ 4．It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.(as long as “只要”) 只要你坚持，最终就会成功。 5．If it weren't for sea animals，we would all starve.(if引导的虚拟条件句) 要是没有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。 [词汇句型默写] Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1．adversity n．困境；逆境 2．expedition n．探险；远征；探险队 3．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力 4．motive n．动机；原因；目的 5．steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 6．crew n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 7．cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的 8．voyage n．& vi.航海；航行 9．episode n．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲 10．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 2．sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没 3．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃 4．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 5．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 6．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 7．candidate n．候选人；应试者 8．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 9．bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声；厉声质问 10．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分) 1．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board v．上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿 n．木板；董事会；伙食 2．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的 3．selfish adj.自私的→selfishly adv.自私地→selfishness n．自私 4．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；宣传 5．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n．忠诚；忠实 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．fasten vt.& vi.系牢；扣紧；关住 2．vulnerable adj.易受伤的；脆弱的 3．glimpse vt.瞥见；看一眼 n．一瞥；短暂的感受 4．resemble vt.像；与……相似 5．forbid vt.禁止；不许 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．go from bad to worse每况愈下 2．make fire生火 3．manage to do sth.设法做成某事 4．at the age of在……岁时 5．be enthusiastic about对……充满热情 [语境即时运用] Ⅰ．词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1．Countless failures did not make him lose his enthusiasm for inventions.On the contrary，he has become more enthusiastic than ever before.(enthusiastic) 2．Running a marathon requires a lot of endurance and mental toughness to endure the long distance and physical challenges.(endure) 3．We have made a resolve to find an appropriate resolution to the conflict，but it does take much time for it to be resolved peacefully.(resolve) 4．He made up his mind to go to Shanghai to try his fortune．He was unfortunate to be caught in the rain on the way to Shanghai.Even unfortunately，he couldn't find anyone to help him.(fortunate) 5．He committed himself to working day and night and his commitment won him a great reputation.(commit) 6．He persevered with his violin lessons.It was his perseverance that enabled him to become a distinguished violinist.(persevere) 7．He has educational qualifications and hence he is well qualified for the job as a tutor.(qualify) 8．The lockers，which belong to our travel agency，are available to store any belongings so that tourists can feel safe and have a sense of belonging during their visit.(belong) 9．Under the guidance of the qualified guide，we traveled around the places of interest very happily.(guide) 10．He assigned me to the difficult assignment，so I couldn't waste any time.(assign) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) turn sb. down; keep...up; give off; go from bad to worse; hold on 1．On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth that gives off light in the dark. 2．All I can do is tell her to hold on and let her know that there's light at the end of the tunnel. 3．He intended to join the army but was turned down because of his poor health. 4．Friends can provide emotional support and help keep our spirits up during difficult times. 5．There is no denying that their quality of life is going from bad to worse． Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1．以下是一些你渴望了解的相关信息，这对你的汉语学习可能有很大的帮助。(全部倒装) Below is some relevant information you desire to know，which can be of great benefit to your Chinese learning. 2．爸爸急忙赶回家，结果发现我们破旧的房子已沦为一片废墟。(as...as...) Father rushed back home，only to discover our shabby house was as flat as a pancake. 3．做最终决定前，我将询问您的建议。(before引导的时间状语从句) Before I make a final decision，I will ask you for your advice. 4．只要你有梦想，就去追求，千万不要轻易放弃。(as long as) As long as you have a dream，just go for it，and never give it up easily. 5．如果我是你，我肯定会充分利用时间来提高我的学业成绩。(if引导的虚拟条件句) If I were you，I would certainly make full use of the time to improve my academic performance. [语境词汇串记] Born in a wealthy family，my nephew，Jack，leads such a thoroughly decent and cosy life 1.that he hardly meets with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming of 2.an adventure since he was young.At 18，Jack resolved 3.to join(join) an expedition advertised in the newspaper，but the leader turned him down because he thought Jack was not qualified.Full of vigour，Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so enthusiastic about a great voyage.4.Fortunately(fortunate)，at 19，he joined the navy but was assigned to be a steward with low wages.On a bitter cold day，the crew went aboard a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean.Jack was genuine，good－tempered and loyal and he wasn't selfish，either.He often played the banjo for recreation，5.so people on the ship all liked him.Unfortunately，one day，the motor broke down and the ship got 6.crushed(crush) on a huge iceberg.When the ship sank，their hearts also sank.At that time，the calm captain made a 7.commitment(commit) to save them and commanded them to throw away their 8.belongings(belong) such as stoves，blankets，bats，cupboards and other pieces of furniture.Finally，they were fortunate enough to escape the ship.9.It was their endurance，resolution and perseverance that helped them survive.On the distant island，Jack managed to make fire with animal fat，which gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals.One month later，they were saved by a passing ship.In summary，it has been a miserable but 10.unforgettable(forgettable) episode in Jack's life. 1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)(qualify v．使有资格 qualification n．资格；学历) ·be qualified for/to do sth.有……的资格/有资格做某事 ·qualify sb. for sth./to do sth. 使某人有资格做某事 ·have the qualification for/to do sth. 有……的资格/有资格做某事 (1)Now that you have gained your teaching qualification，I am sure you will be qualified for the job they advertised on the newspaper.(qualify) (2)我参加过几个类似的活动，使我能胜任这个志愿者工作。(应用文写作之申请信) I have taken part in several similar activities，which will qualify me for the voluntary work． (3)我的英语很好，我确信我可以胜任这份工作。(应用文写作之申请信) Having a good command of English，I'm confident that I will be qualified for the job/have the qualification for/to do the job． 2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的(enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 enthusiasm n．热情；热忱) ·be enthusiastic about(doing)sth. 对(做)某事有热情 ·lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情 with enthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)热情地 (1)They listened with great interest and then enthusiastically(enthusiastic) joined in grand conversations about Harry's adventures. (2)我不仅充满热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(申请信之个人优势) I am not only full of enthusiasm but also easy to get along/on with，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper. (3)得知您对中国传统文化充满热情，我写信邀请您参加一场关于儒家思想的讲座。(应用文写作之邀请信) Learning that you are enthusiastic about traditional Chinese culture，I am writing to invite you to a lecture on Confucianism． 3．aboard．adv & prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)[board vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) n．木板；董事会；伙食 broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的 abroad adv.在/到国外；在/到海外] ·go aboard上船(飞机、公共汽车等) ·on board 在船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)上 ·go abroad出国 (1)他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。(读后续写之外貌描写) He is tall with broad shoulders and a beard and always wears a broad smile． (2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文写作之告知信) Learning that you will go abroad for further study，I'm writing to inform you of some necessary dos and don'ts. (3)他们在上火车前已经互相道别，但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手，直到火车消失。 They had said goodbye to each other before going aboard/boarding the train，but the mother kept waving hands to her daughter on board until the train went out of sight. 4．envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌(envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的) ·with envy羡慕地；忌妒地 green with envy忌妒得眼红；十分羡慕/忌妒 ·envy sb. (doing) sth. 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事　 ·be envious of羡慕；妒忌 (1)Aged people are always envious(envy) of young people's energy and enthusiasm. (2)Many people envied me going(go) abroad for further studies，which in fact was to change my life. (3)想到她得到我妈妈那么多的关爱，一股嫉妒之情如潮水般涌上我的心头。(读后续写之心理描写) A wave of envy came flooding/sweeping over me when I thought of how much affection she had received from my mother. 5．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃 n．放任；放纵(abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的) ·abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事；纵情于(做)某事 abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 ·with abandon 放纵地；放任地 ·be abandoned to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事　 (1)I heard that you had abandoned carrying(carry) out the plan because you were short of money. (2)Most of the young men abandoned themselves(they) to the pleasure and forgot all about the time. (3)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned(abandon).(2022·全国乙卷) (4)面对这些愤怒的质问，他想说点什么，却一时语塞。(读后续写之情感描写) Faced with these angry questions，he tried to speak，but for once，his voice abandoned him． 6.resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念(resolution n．决议；解决；坚定) ·resolve to do sth. 决定做某事 ·make a resolution (to do sth.)下定决心(做某事) (1)Generally，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution(resolve) after an argument. (2) 我们决心通过限制生活中产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的碳足迹。(话题写作之环境保护) We have resolved to reduce our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so our country has resolved to spare no effort to protect them． (3)为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，设身处地为他人着想。(话题写作之人际沟通) To resolve conflicts，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others' place. (4)老人决定，死后要把所有的财产都赠送给那些被遗弃的孩子们。 The old man had made a resolution/resolved that he would give away all his belongings to the abandoned children after his death. 7．as...as...　How could I become as selfish and bad­tempered as Thomas Orde­Lees！我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！ as...as...意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。其中第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词或介词。其基本用法为：as＋adj./adv.＋as...，还有如下用法： ·否定式：not as/so＋adj./adv.＋as... ·倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as... ·as much/many＋名词＋as... (1)他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样大的进步。 He is as hard­working as me，so he has made as much progress as me． (2)在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。 As far as I am concerned，the book is not as/so interesting as you think． (3)我们投入的时间和精力是其他同学的两倍，所以我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。(2022·浙江1月卷，读后续写) We devoted twice as much time and energy as other students did，so I was greatly convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers. Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．rough (1)I can't tolerate sailing in rough sea. A (2)The western half of the U．S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans.(2023·全国甲卷) C (3)I don't know how to release the pressure in such a rough time. D (4)The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now. B (5)He is such a rough child that he doesn't behave himself. E 2．bitter (1)She is very bitter about losing her job. E (2)I've learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says. A (3)Outside，a bitter east wind is accompanied by flurries of snow. C (4)Traditional Chinese medicine usually tastes bitter and is hard to swallow. D (5)With no one to resolve their dispute，the two sides are locked into a bitter conflict. B 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 (1)And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable. n．奉献，投入 (2)Pahlsson and her husband searched the kitchen，checking every corner，but turned up nothing.发现 (3)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.洗涤槽，水槽 (4)Boiling with extreme anger，he barked a series of questions at his crew. 厉声质问 (5)We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style.adj.过时的 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．My heart sank/sunk(sink) when I was informed that my moderate reforms ended up in failure. 2．When I submitted the regulations I designed to my boss，he turned me down immediately. 3．Dozens of qualified (qualify) students took part in the campaign and practised frequently under the guidance (guide) of some experienced writers and teachers. 4．Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm (enthusiastic) and happiness. 5．All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned(assign) date through our management system. 6．Please make sure you have all your belongings(belong) with you when leaving the plane. 7．Fortunately(fortunate)，I succeeded in seizing this precious chance to be a volunteer in the activity. 8．One afternoon，I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller stuck(stick) going over a fence. 9．Riding bicycles benefits the environmental conservation because they won't give off waste gases. 10．The enterprises have thoroughly(thorough) implemented what they have promised to the public. 应用文增分练——极地探险家 假如你是李华，向某英文报纸《伟人介绍》栏目投稿。简要介绍英国极地探险家——欧内斯特·沙克尔顿Ernest Shackleton(1874－1922)。其主要成就如下：英国极地探险家，曾带领英国探险队三次前往南极洲，是南极探险英雄时代的主要人物之一。在他第三次带领探险队奔赴南极探险时，他与“坚忍号”的船员们在极地700多天的求生经历，创造了20世纪一次伟大的生还奇迹。 【完成句子】 1．欧内斯特·沙克尔顿是一位伟大的极地探险家，他对极地探险充满热情，一生带领英国探险队三次前往南极洲。(be enthusiastic about；定语从句) 2．以下是他的一些探险经历和成就。(全部倒装句) 3．他的第三次南极探险是一个非凡的奇迹。(as...as...) 4．面对严峻的极地条件，他没有放弃他的团队，坚定地带领他们走出困境。(abandon；resolve) 5.如果没有他的英明领导，他和他的团队就不会在极地待了700多天后还能活下来。(if引导虚拟条件句) 【组句成篇】 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 【参考范文】 Ernest Shackleton was a great polar explorer who had been enthusiastic about polar exploration and led three British expeditions to the Antarctic throughout his life.Below are some of his expedition experiences and achievements. He was one of the leading figures during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.His third expedition to the Antarctic was as extraordinary as a great miracle.Faced with tough polar conditions，he didn't abandon his team and firmly resolved to lead them to go out of difficulty.If there hadn't been his wise leadership，he and his team wouldn't have survived after more than 700 days in the polar region. I was inspired by his spirit，realizing that we must have courage and perseverance when facing any difficulties. 续写积累精练 教材语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　bitter adj.→bitterly adv.；enthusiastic adj.→enthusiastically adv.；envy n．/v.→envious adj.；miserable；decent；cosy；selfish；good/bad­tempered；genuine；resolve v．→resolution n．；cruel adj.→cruelty n．；loyal adj.→loyalty n．；commitment n．→committed adj. [动作描写]　turn sb. down；assign；sink；abandon；voyage；persevere；bark；bat；make fire；give off 续表 美句 1.At the age of 19，I am fit and full of vigour.(人物描写) 2.And when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it.(情感描写) 3.Their genuine concern for others，their perseverance，and their resolve fill me with hope.(排比) 4.We felt so alone and desperate.(情感描写) 5.If it weren't for sea animals，we would all starve.(虚拟语气) 6.When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.(情感描写) 7.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.(主旨升华) 拓展语料积累　【动作细节描写：“动胳膊”】 单词 hug v．/n.拥抱；wave v．挥舞(手臂)；raise v．举起，抬起 词块 wave one's arms 挥动双臂；fold one's arms 某人双臂交叉；hold out/open one's arms 某人伸出/张开双臂；pull/gather sb.into one's arms 把某人拉/抱在怀中；put/throw one's arms around sb.搂住某人；take one's arm挽住某人的胳膊；catch/grab one's arm抓住某人的胳膊；with crossed arms双臂交叉；arm in arm手挽手，臂挽臂 句型 1.He stood there with crossed arms，looking angry.他双臂交叉站在那里，看起来很生气。 2.They are sure to welcome you with open arms.他们一定会张开双臂欢迎你的。 3.Walking in front of us were two cute twin sisters，arm in arm.走在我们面前的是两个可爱的双胞胎姐妹，手挽着手。 4.Stunned，I stood up and gave her an awkward hug/hugged her in an awkward way.我很惊讶，站起来尴尬地拥抱了她。 5.He parked down the street from Bobby's house，and rushed to his front door，waving wildly inwards.他把车停在鲍比家的街上，冲到前门，疯狂地向里挥手。 语料运用　【野外探险遭遇】 Tom and Mary were a young couple ①who were enthusiastic about wild exploration(定语从句).One day when going through a thick jungle，the wife，Mary got seriously injured in the ankle.Worse still，it began to rain.At first，②Tom took Mary's arm，trying to support her along the way，but soon they found it didn't work.The pain was so intense ③that they had to abandon their plan．When the rain became heavier and the sun was setting，④their heart also began to sink．⑤Bitter and frightened(形容词短语作状语)，Mary almost broke down.Tom tried to comfort her，⑥throwing his arms around his wife gently(分词短语作状语).Tightly grabbing Tom's arm，Mary gradually calmed down and ⑦resolved to face the difficulty bravely．Fortunately，they managed to call the rangers before losing signal.What they should do next was to ⑧make some fire to avoid being frozen to death on such a bitter night．Afterwards，they had nothing to do but wait patiently.⑨Gathering his wife into his arms，Tom heard some roars of helicopter.He immediately rose to his feet and ⑩waved his arms violently，shouting loudly “Help！Help！” in extreme excitement. 汤姆和玛丽是一对热衷于野外探险的年轻夫妇。一天，在穿过茂密的丛林时，妻子玛丽的脚踝受了重伤。更糟糕的是，天开始下雨了。起初，汤姆挽着玛丽的胳膊，试图一路扶着她走，但很快他们发现这不管用。玛丽的脚太疼了他们不得不放弃他们的计划。当雨下得更大，太阳落山时，他们的心也开始下沉。玛丽又痛苦又害怕，几乎崩溃了。汤姆温柔地搂着妻子试图安慰她。玛丽紧紧抓住汤姆的胳膊，渐渐平静下来，决心勇敢地面对困难。幸运的是，他们设法在失去信号之前给护林员打了电话。他们接下来应该做的是生火，以免在这样一个寒冷的夜晚被冻死。之后，他们只能耐心等待。汤姆把妻子抱在怀里，听到了直升机的轰鸣声。他立即站起来，猛烈地挥舞着手臂，极度激动地大声喊道：“救命！救命！” 课时作业(三十)　Unit 4　Adversity and Courage Ⅰ.阅读理解 A★ (2025·河北名校联考)Many biologists are drawn to ocean animals like sea turtles and whales.For me, the pale, blind creatures in the world's darkest caves are more attractive.As an underwater cave ecologist, I find and name new species.I have described eight new species of sponges (海绵物种) so far, seven of which live only in caves.Sometimes I count the population of organisms to see how their numbers change over time.I also study how different species interact with one another and their environment. When I start diving with my team members, there's natural light around us, but as we dive farther, it turns dark, and we switch on our lights and follow the cave line—a thin thread explorers leave behind for divers to find their way in and out of the cave.While some caves are just a few meters long, some stretch over 300 kilometers and could be deeper than 50 meters.Diving at this depth, you might fall in narcosis，a state where the brain feels like it's on a high, similar to being drunk.We might run into trouble an hour or so away from the cave entrance. But the mysterious (神秘的) world we see inside is worth the risk.I remember diving into El Aerolito Cave on Cozumel Island in Mexico, where I recorded 101 species.My most exciting encounter to date has been with remipedes—poisonous wormlike creatures found only in underwater caves.It took me around 200 dives before I came face to face with about 15 of them hidden deep in the caves of Cozumel. These delicate ecosystems are rapidly changing due to water pollution, climate change, and construction activities.We might lose the many life forms in these deep, dark worlds before we can even begin to understand them.I'm determined to explore all I can while they still exist.I'm taking advanced diving lessons and learning new laboratory techniques so that I can go even deeper into understanding this environment. 1．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1? A．His job duties. B．His travel experiences. C．His wide­ranging interests. D．His concern over the environment. 2．What do cave explorers leave behind for the cave ecologists? A．The cave line. B．The head lights. C．The life supplies. D．The measuring tools. 3．What can be inferred about the author in El Aerolito Cave? A．He found polluted water. B．He made amazing discoveries. C．He defeated poisonous creatures. D．He got into trouble far from the entrance. 4．Which of the following can best describe the author? A．Honest and curious. B．Generous and humble. C．Brave and determined. D．Sympathetic and helpful. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者作为一名水下洞穴生态学家的工作经历和他对洞穴生态系统的研究。 1．A　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As an underwater cave ecologist, I find and name new species.I have described eight new species of sponges (海绵物种) so far, seven of which live only in caves.Sometimes I count the population of organisms to see how their numbers change over time.I also study how different species interact with one another and their environment.”(作为一名水下洞穴生态学家，我发现并命名新物种。到目前为止，我已经描述了八种新的海绵物种，其中七种只生活在洞穴中。有时我会计算生物的数量，看看他们的数量随时间的变化。我还研究不同物种之间以及他们与环境的相互作用。)可知，作者在第一段主要讲述了他的工作职责。故选A。 2．A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“we switch on our lights and follow the cave line—a thin thread explorers leave behind for divers to find their way in and out of the cave.”(我们打开灯，跟随洞穴线走——这是探险者留给潜水者的一条细线，让他们找到进出洞穴的路。)可知，洞穴探险者留下的是洞穴线。故选A。 3．B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I remember diving into El Aerolito Cave on Cozumel Island in Mexico, where I recorded 101 species.My most exciting encounter to date has been with remipedes—poisonous wormlike creatures found only in underwater caves.”(我记得在墨西哥科苏梅尔岛的El Aerolito洞穴潜水，我在那里记录了101种物种。迄今为止，我最激动人心的遭遇是与浆足虫类——一种只在水下洞穴中发现的有毒蠕虫状生物。)可知，作者在El Aerolito洞穴做了惊人的发现。故选B。 4．C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I'm determined to explore all I can while they still exist.I'm taking advanced diving lessons and learning new laboratory techniques so that I can go even deeper into understanding this environment.”(我决心在它们还存在的时候尽我所能去探索。我正在接受高级潜水课程，并学习新的实验室技术，以便我可以更深入地理解这个环境。)可知，身为水下洞穴生态学家的作者是勇敢和坚定的。故选C。 B★ (2025·湖南联考)Antarctica, the southernmost continent on Earth and a frozen continent, remains an mysterious and original land, buried in ice and surrounded by a vast, inhospitable ocean, which often shrouded (隐藏) in mystery and intrigue.It holds a wealth of scientific wonders waiting to be explored.With the aid of cutting­edge technology, researchers have delved into its icy depths, uncovering the secrets of this remote and pristine (原始的) wilderness. At the forefront of Antarctic exploration are advanced satellite imaging systems.These orbiting wonders provide detailed maps of the continent's surface, allowing scientists to monitor changes in ice coverage and track the movements of glaciers with unprecedented accuracy.Such data is crucial for understanding the impacts of climate change on Antarctica's delicate ecosystem and predicting future sea­level rise. In addition to satellites, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) play a key role in Antarctic research.These robotic submarines are equipped with an array of sensors and cameras, enabling them to navigate beneath the ice shelves and explore previously inaccessible regions.By collecting data on water temperature, salinity, and marine life, AUVs offer invaluable insights into the dynamics of Antarctic Ocean currents and the habitats of its unique marine species. Furthermore, drones have revolutionized scientific fieldwork in Antarctica.These unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are utilized for conducting aerial surveys of vast ice sheets and capturing high­resolution imagery of remote locations.By providing researchers with real­time data and imagery, drones facilitate rapid assessments of environmental changes and aid in the study of wildlife populations, from penguins to seals. Despite the remarkable advancements in technology, conducting research in Antarctica remains a huge challenge due to its extreme weather conditions and remote location.However, through cooperative efforts and innovative approaches, scientists continue to push the boundaries of exploration, uncovering the mysteries of Antarctica and advancing our understanding of the Earth's climate system. 5．What technology is primarily used for monitoring changes in ice coverage in Antarctica? A．Drones. B．Submersible robots. C．Satellite imaging systems. D．Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). 6．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph? A.Exploring and research on Antarctica is an easy task. B.Scientific fieldwork in Antarctica is hard to continue. C.Drones play a significant part in scientific fieldwork in Antarctica. D.Drones capture high­resolution imagery of remote locations. 7．What's the author's attitude towards the research in Antarctica? A．Objective.　　　 　 　B．Subjective. C．Suspicious. D．Indifference. 8．What would be the most suitable title for the text? A．The Challenges of Antarctic Exploration B．Traditional Methods of Antarctic Research C．The Environmental Impact of Satellite Imaging D.The Technological Wonders of Exploring Antarctica　 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在尖端技术的帮助下，研究人员深入研究了南极冰冷的深处，揭开了这片这远而原始的荒野的秘密。 5．C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“At the forefront of Antarctic exploration are advanced satellite imaging systems.These orbiting wonders provide detailed maps of the continent's surface, allowing scientists to monitor changes in ice coverage and track the movements of glaciers with unprecedented accuracy.(在南极探索的最前沿的是先进的卫星成像系统。这些绕轨道运行的奇迹提供了南极洲大陆表面的详细地图，使科学家们能够以前所未有的准确性监测冰层覆盖范围的变化，并跟踪冰川的运动)”可知，卫星成像系统为科学家提供了详细的南极大陆表面地图，以便他们监测冰盖变化并跟踪冰川的运动。故选C。 6．C　推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Furthermore, drones have revolutionized scientific fieldwork in Antarctica.These unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are utilized for conducting aerial surveys of vast ice sheets and capturing high­resolution imagery of remote locations.By providing researchers with real­time data and imagery, drones facilitate rapid assessments of environmental changes and aid in the study of wildlife populations, from penguins to seals.(此外，无人机已经彻底改变了南极洲的科学实地考察。这些无人驾驶飞行器(uav)用于对巨大的冰盖进行空中调查，并捕获偏远地区的高分辨率图像。通过向研究人员提供实时数据和图像，无人机促进了对环境变化的快速评估，并有助于研究从企鹅到海豹等野生动物种群)”可推知，无人机在南极洲科考工作中起着非常重大的作用。故选C。 7．A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Despite the remarkable advancements in technology.conducting research in Antarctica remains a formidable challenge due to its extreme weather conditions and remote location.(尽管在技术上取得了显著的进步，但由于南极洲的极端天气条件和偏远的地理位置，在南极洲进行研究仍然是一个艰巨的挑战)”可推知，作者对在南极进行研究持有客观的态度。故选A。 8．D　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“With the aid of cutting­edge technology , researchers have delved into its icy depths, unraveling the secrets of this remote and pristine wilderness.(在尖端技术的帮助下，研究人员深入到冰封的深处，揭开了这片遥远而原始的荒野的秘密)”以及全文内容可知，文章中介绍了南极探险中使用的先进技术。由此可知，D项“The Technological Wonders of Exploring Antarctica.(探索南极的技术奇迹)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·邢台二模)Borneo is home to some of the most extraordinary wildlife.Several years ago, I decided to go there for a visit.A local person offered to be my guide, which was a great bonus for me.One day, my guide turned off the smooth road and took me across a 1 hillside instead.We picked our way carefully when 2 a charming flower popped into my view among those stones.Oh, dear! More than 3 ， I bent down and put my nose practically inside the flower's core. 4 ， to my surprise, it was only one of the 5 during the trip.As I 6 the end of my trip, there was still something I had yet to see.We planned to 7 most feared creature there, the saltwater crocodile, which can grow to a 8 of 6 meters or more.When we shone a flashlight towards the muddy shore, little sounds 9 in the darkness as if something unseen underwater had broken the 10 ．Taking a second look, we spotted two greedy 11 just above the water line.As we drew near, it 12 and we saw clearly it was a crocodile.With great caution, we neared it and finally could 13 its true dimensions.It was a baby—no more than 0.6 meter long.Aha, whatever, I could now report to the 14 back home, who had never been to Borneo, that I had 15 a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to tell the tale. 1．A.rolling　　　 　　　B．spectacular C．rough D．breathtaking 2．A.suddenly B．literally C．definitely D．ultimately 3．A.alarmed B．pleased C．concerned D．upset 4．A.Nevertheless B．Besides C．Instead D．Therefore 5．A.desires B．motivations C．destinations D．highlights 6．A.summarized B．suspected C．approached D．valued 7．A.hold onto B．pick up C．reflect on D．hunt for 8．A.width B．length C．height D．size 9．A.emerged B．paused C．continued D．declined 10．A.mud B．surface C．ground D．shore 11．A.legs B．mouths C．eyes D．teeth 12．A.moved B．sank C．hid D．escaped 13．A.give out B．let out C．turn out D．make out 14．A.victims B．opponents C．folks D．guides 15．A.challenged B．encountered C．terrified D．chased 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在一名当地导游的陪同下去探索婆罗洲的野生动植物的经历。 1．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天，我的导游离开了平坦的道路，带我穿过了一个崎岖的山坡。A.rolling起伏的；B.spectacular壮丽的；C.rough粗糙的，不平的，条件艰苦的；D.breathtaking令人惊叹的。根据空前的“turned off the smooth road”和空后的“hillside instead”可知，他们走的是一个崎岖的山坡。故选C。 2．A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们小心地看着路行走，突然那些石头中有一朵迷人的花出现在我的视野中。A.suddenly突然；B.literally字面上；C.definitely肯定，确实；D.ultimately最后，终归。根据句中的“popped into my view”可知，这里表示他们在行路的过程中突然看到了一朵迷人的花。故选A。 3．B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常高兴，弯下腰，把鼻子几乎伸进了花心。A.alarmed害怕的；B.pleased高兴的，满意的；C.concerned担心的；D.upset失望的，沮丧的。根据上文中的“a charming flower”和句中的“I bent down and put my nose practically inside the flower's core”可知，作者看到这朵花时非常高兴，忍不住把鼻子凑到花心去闻。故选B。 4．A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，令我惊讶的是，这只是此行的亮点之一。A.Nevertheless尽管如此，然而；B.Besides此外；C.Instead反而；D.Therefore因此。根据句中的“to my surprise”和上下文语境可知，这里表示转折，虽然这朵花很迷人，但这只是旅途路上的亮点之一。故选A。 5．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.desires愿望，欲望；B.motivations动机；C.destinations目的地；D.highlights最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分。根据空前的“one of”和下文中的“there was still something I had yet to see”可知，路上有许多精彩的事物，这朵花只是其中一个亮点。故选D。 6．C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的旅程接近尾声时，还有一些东西我还没有看到。A.summarized总结，概括；B.suspected怀疑；C.approached靠近，接近；D.valued重视。根据空后的“the end of my trip”可知，这里表示旅行接近尾声。故选C。 7．D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们计划在那里寻找最可怕的生物——咸水鳄，它可以长到6米或更长的长度。A.hold onto抓紧；B.pick up拿起；C.reflect on沉思；D.hunt for搜索，寻找。根据上文中的“there was still something I had yet to see”可知，作者还有许多东西没看到，所以他们计划去寻找咸水鳄。故选D。 8．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.width宽度；B.length长度；C.height高度；D.size尺寸，大小。根据空后的“of 6 meters or more”并结合常识可知，这里指咸水鳄的长度。故选B。 9．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们用手电筒照向泥泞的水岸时，黑暗中出现了一些微弱的声音，好像水下看不见的东西打破了水面。A.emerged(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现，浮现；B.paused暂停；C.continued持续；D.declined下降，衰落。根据下文中的“we saw clearly it was a crocodile”可知，水里有咸水鳄，所以他们用手电筒照的时候听到了黑暗中发出的一些微弱声音。故选A。 10．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.mud泥；B.surface表面；C.ground地面；D.shore岸，滨。根据句中的“something unseen underwater”和下文中的“above the water line”可知，他们听到了黑暗中发出的一些微弱声音，好像是水下看不见的东西打破水面的声音。故选B。 11．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：再看一眼，我们就在水线上方发现了两只贪婪的眼睛。A.legs腿；B.mouths嘴；C.eyes眼睛；D.teeth牙齿。根据空前的“two greedy”并结合常识可知，鳄鱼在水中时常常将头露出水面观察，这里指他们看到了鳄鱼的两只贪婪的眼睛。故选C。 12．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们走近时，它移动了，我们清楚地看到它是一条鳄鱼。A.moved移动；B.sank下沉；C.hid隐藏；D.escaped逃跑。根据句中的“As we drew near”可知，当作者他们走近鳄鱼时，鳄鱼动了一下。故选A。 13．D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们非常小心地走近它，终于可以辨认出它的真实大小。A.give out用完，分发；B.let out发出，放出；C.turn out结果是，证明是；D.make out辨认出，听出，看出。根据句中的“we neared it”和空后的“its true dimensions”可知，作者他们走近看时才辨认出鳄鱼的真实大小。故选D。 14．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：啊哈，不管怎样，我现在可以向家里从未去过婆罗洲的人报告说，我在野外遇到了一条饥饿的鳄鱼，并活下来去讲述这个故事。A.victims受害者；B.opponents对手，竞争者；C.folks人们；D.guides导游。根据空后的“back home, who had never been to Borneo”可知，这里指的是家里从未去过婆罗洲的人。故选C。 15．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.challenged挑战；B.encountered遭遇，遇到；C.terrified使恐惧；D.chased追逐。根据空后的“a hungry crocodile in the wild”可知，这里指在野外遇到一条饥饿的鳄鱼。故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空★ (2025·福建省莆田市三模)Chinese scientists have started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma.1. total of 170 scientists have begun to do research on water, ecology and human activity, aiming 2. (reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimize the ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau. 3． (label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia, the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China.It is also a natural laboratory for 4. (conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life, and the relationship between man and Earth.5. an important part of the research, the ongoing expedition is 6. (particular) important to the study of the impact of climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world. The expedition focuses on major scientific 7. (issue), such as how the extreme high­altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming, according to Yao Tandong，8. is the team leader.“The expedition has realized the 9. (transform) from ‘I want to conquer you' to ‘I want to understand you', achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence，” he said.So far, many scientific achievements 10. (make). 【语篇解读】　这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学家已开始对珠穆朗玛峰进行多方位科学考察，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。 1．A　考查固定短语。句意：共有170名科学家开始对水、生态和人类活动进行研究，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。固定短语a total of (总共)，句首单词首字母大写。故填A。 2．to reveal　考查不定式。句意：共有170名科学家开始对水、生态和人类活动进行研究，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。固定短语aim to do sth.(旨在做某事)，reveal用不定式形式。故填to reveal。 3．Labeled/Labelled　考查过去分词。句意：青藏高原被誉为世界屋脊、亚洲水塔，是中国重要的生态安全屏障。非谓语动词label和逻辑主语the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau之间是被动关系，label用过去分词形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Labeled/Labelled。 4．conducting　考查动名词。句意：它也是研究地球和生命进化以及人与地球关系的天然实验室。作介词for的宾语，conduct用动名词形式。故填conducting。 5．As　考查介词。句意：作为研究的重要组成部分，正在进行的探险对研究珠穆朗玛峰地区气候和环境变化对世界其他地区的影响尤为重要。根据句意可知此处表示“作为”，后跟名词短语，所以用介词as，句首单词首字母大写。故填As。 6．particularly　考查副词。句意：作为研究的重要组成部分，正在进行的探险对研究珠穆朗玛峰地区气候和环境变化对世界其他地区的影响尤为重要。副词particularly作状语，修饰形容词important。故填particularly。 7．issues　考查名词。句意：据团队负责人姚坦东介绍，此次考察的重点是重大科学问题，例如珠穆朗玛峰的极端高海拔环境在全球变暖的影响下是如何变化的。作宾语，所以用名词issue，为可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词复数表示泛指。故填issues。 8．who　考查定语从句关系词。句意：据团队负责人姚坦东介绍，此次考察的重点是重大科学问题，例如珠穆朗玛峰的极端高海拔环境在全球变暖的影响下是如何变化的。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yao Tandong，指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。 9．transformation　考查名词。句意：他说：“这次探险实现了从‘我想征服你’到‘我想了解你’的转变，实现了新技术的应用，产生了重要的国际影响。”作宾语，用名词transformation，为不可数名词。故填transformation。 10．have been made　考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，已经取得了许多科学成果。根据时间状语So far，可知用现在完成时态，主语many scientific achievements和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语复数，所以助动词为have。故填have been made。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$