选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land(教用Word)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

Unit 5　Working the Land [词汇句型必背] Ⅰ．阅读单词——会意 1．hybrid n．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车 2．crisis n．(pl.crises)危机；危急关头 3．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的 4．conventional adj.传统的；习惯的 5．pollinate vt.授粉；传粉 6．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 7．strain n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力 8．celebrity n．名望；名誉；名人；名流 9．envision vt.展望；想象 10．sorghum n．高粱；高粱米 11．broom n．扫把；扫帚；金雀花 12．grain n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒 13．urban adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的 14．bomb n．炸弹 vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹 15．tunnel n．地下通道；地道；隧道 16．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽 17．flavour(NAmE ­vor) n．味道；特点；特色 18．fertiliser(NAmE ­izer) n．肥料 19．poverty n．贫穷；贫困 20．organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 21．pesticide n．杀虫剂；除害药物 22．bacterium n．(pl.bacteria)细菌 23．grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货 Ⅱ．重点单词——记形 1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 2．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励 3．yield n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步 4．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到 5．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜 7．output n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output)输出　 8．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算 9．comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成 10．generate vt.产生；引起 11．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲 12．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土 13．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像 14．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实 15．alleviate vt.减轻；缓解 16．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 17．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘 18．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 19．mineral n．矿物；矿物质 20．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 21．instance n．例子；实例；事例 22．batch n．一批；一组 vt.分批处理 23．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源 24．aspect n．方面；层面 Ⅲ．拓展单词——悉变 1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱→devoted adj.挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的 2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的 3．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 4．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume v．假定；设想；承担→assuming conj.假定；假设 5．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n．扩大；扩张；扩充 6．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n．消费者；用户；客户 7．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐 8．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸→extensive adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的 9．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemically adv.化学上地→chemist n．化学家；药剂师 10．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养 11．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地→deepen vt.加深；(使)变深 12．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.全部的；完全的 1．trustworthy /'trstwði/ adj.值得信任的；可靠的 2．empathy /'empəθi/ n．同感；共情→empathetic /empə'θetIk/ adj.同感的；共情的 3．be/feel jealous of 嫉妒；羡慕 4．split /splIt/ vi.& vt.(split，split) 分成；分裂；分担 n．分裂；裂缝 5．distress /dI'stres/ n．忧虑；悲伤 6．flourish /'flrI/ vi.& vt.成功；健康成长；繁荣 7．cheer sb. up使……振作或高兴 8．tie to与……联系在一起 9．compromise /'kmprəmaIz/ vt.& vi.妥协；让步；折中 10．reluctant /rI'lktənt/ adj.不情愿的；勉强的　 Ⅳ．背核心短语 1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心 2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5．for instance例如；比如 6．be like...像…… 7．fulfil one's dreams 实现某人的梦想 8．in fact事实上 9．turn to转向；求助于 10．be ready for为……做准备 Ⅴ．悟经典句式 1．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(that引导的表语从句) 然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。 2．How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.(how引导的主语从句) 如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。 3．However，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self­pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.(whether引导的主语从句) 然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。 4．Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(given that引导的原因状语从句) 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 5．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.(why引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句) 种植不同作物是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。 [词汇句型默写] Ⅰ．阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1．crisis n．危机；危急关头 2．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的 3．conventional adj.传统的；习惯的 4．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 5．celebrity n．名望；名誉；名人；名流 6．grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl.] 食品杂货 7．urban adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的 8．tunnel n．地下通道；地道；隧道 9．organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 10．poverty n．贫穷；贫困 Ⅱ．重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 2．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励 3．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到 4．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 5．overcome vt.克服；解决；战胜 6．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 7．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算 8．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘 9．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲 10．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 Ⅲ．拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分) 1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；热爱→devoted adj.挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的 2．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 3．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐 4．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸→extensive adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的 5．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养 Ⅳ．拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．trustworthy adj.值得信任的；可靠的 2．express empathy for对……表达同情 3．be/feel jealous of嫉妒；羡慕 4．cheer sb. up使……振作或高兴 5．reluctant adj.不情愿的；勉强的 Ⅴ．核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心 2．in fact事实上 3．be like...像…… 4．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 5．be ready for为……做准备 [语境即时运用] Ⅰ．词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共20分) 1．Bethune，a devoted friend of Chinese，devoted his life to helping Chinese.I really respect his devotion to medical work.(devote) 2．As is known to all，as consumers，we consume a lot of food every year and the huge consumption causes great pressure to our government.(consume) 3．The entire village was destroyed.It now looks entirely different from the previous one.(entire) 4．We will discuss the problem in depth to deepen our understanding so that we can understand it deeply．(depth) 5．More and more countries in the world are short of water，and global water shortages are becoming increasingly serious.(short) 6．Don't assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumptions any more.(assume) 7．The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year，so you are capable of expanding your knowledge by reading it.(expand) 8．His convincing words finally convinced me，and I was convinced that he was innocent.(convince) Ⅱ．选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) deep down; for instance; be comprised of; devoted to; in turn 1．You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 2．The programme is comprised of the following activities：recitation，singing，word spelling，story telling and so on. 3．She seems indifferent，but deep down she's very pleased. 4．All theories come from practice and in turn serve practice. 5．What would you do，for instance if you found a member of staff stealing? Ⅲ．经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1．给我印象最深的是，每当我遇到困难时，我的叔叔都会激励我坚持我的梦想。(that引导的表语从句) What impresses me most is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties. 2．如何能说服大卫接受挑战是我正在思考的事情。(how引导的主语从句)(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) How I could persuade David to accept the challenge was what I was thinking about. 3．我们能否保护海洋取决于我们从现在起将会做些什么。(whether引导的主语从句)(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达) Whether we can protect our oceans depends on what we will do from now on. 4．鉴于你对中国传统文化如此感兴趣，我邀请你参加我们学校的文化艺术节。(given that引导的原因状语从句) Given that you are so interested in traditional Chinese culture，I invite you to take part in the Culture and Art Festival in our school. 5．我经常读英文报是因为它对我英语学习的进步有很大的帮助。(why引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句)(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷，应用文写作) Why I regularly read the English newspaper is that it contributes a lot to my progress in English learning. [语境词汇串记] Our class is comprised of thirty students，most of 1.whom come from the countryside in poverty.Deep down，all of us envision 2.ourselves(us) attaining respectful jobs in urban cities in the near future.Dreams 3.rooted(root) in our hearts，we work hard and devote ourselves to our study all days.We are greatly convinced that only if we spare no effort to work can we broaden our vision and boost our ability 4.to tackle(tackle) crises.We learn by combining conventional learning methods 5.with modern ones to expand our knowledge so as to output what we have learned in the future.Certainly，6.it is essential that we shouldn't yield to difficulties.Indeed，too much homework tends to generate much strain and we will be overcome with anxiety when not 7.digesting(digest) what we are taught，but we have alternative methods to alleviate our frustration.For instance，we can relax ourselves in leisure time.Besides，keeping a nutritious diet is also essential even though we have a 8.shortage(short) of money.On the assumption that we always have such 9.an intense and widespread interest in study，it is estimated that we can put our dreams into reality，which in turn can enable us to live a 10.better(good) life that we have been looking forward to. 1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的 devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱) ·devote...to (doing) sth. 把……奉献给；把……专注于；献身；致力 devote oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事 ·be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事 (1)Devoted(devote) to attaining a doctor's degree，he spares no effort to study every day. (2)The old teacher devoted all his life to educating (educate) his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion (devote) to the education cause. (3)The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children，so she has little time to care for her own daughter. →Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词作状语) →Devoted to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词作状语) 2．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服(convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的) ·convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信/明白某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that...使某人相信…… ·be convinced (that...)/of...(某人)坚信…… (1)So convincing is your speech that I'm convinced that all students will benefit a lot from it.(convince) (2)你在危机中的表现使我们相信你有能力应对紧急情况，并使我们相信能把这项重要任务交给你。 Your performance in the crisis has convinced us of your ability to tackle emergencies and convinced us to hand the important task to you． (3)我坚信，通过这次讲座，我们不仅可以了解中国文学，而且可以提高我们对中国传统文化的兴趣。 I'm firmly convinced that through the lecture not only can we get the hang of Chinese literature，but also we can boost our interest in traditional Chinese culture. 3．assumption n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(assume v．假定；设想；承担；假装 assuming conj.假如) ·on the assumption that...假定…… make an assumption 作出臆断 ·assume sb./sth. (to be)＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)…… It is generally assumed that...人们普遍认为…… ·assuming (that)...假设…… (1)Deep down they assumed her to be(be) the best singer of their time. (2)假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。(应用文写作之申请信) On the assumption that/Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council，I will organize more colorful after­class activities to enrich our school life. (3)People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.(话题写作之传统文化) →It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.(用it作形式主语和not only...but also...的倒装句改写) 4．alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地) have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to...……的替代品 (1)On the assumption that you are available，I can come to your house，or alternatively(alternative)，we can meet in the town. (2)面对海洋令人担忧的现状，人类别无选择只能彼此合作解决这个海洋危机。毕竟，世界上没有东西可以是海洋的替代品。(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达) Faced with the worrying current situation of oceans，human beings have no alternative but to cooperate with each other to tackle the ocean crisis．After all，nothing in the world can be an alternative to oceans. 5．in turn转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流 by turns轮流 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It is one's turn to do sth..轮到某人做某事。 turn out结果是；生产；制造 (1)The process of taking action to achieve your dreams will in turn inspire you to get up early each day and feel ready to work. (2)Some student representatives took turns to deliver (deliver) speeches at the coming­of­age ceremony. (3)就我个人而言，过去是父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们，反过来，从现在开始我们应该帮助他们。 (2020·天津高考，书面表达) Personally，in the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and in turn，we should give a helping hand to them from now on. 6．given that引导的原因状语从句 Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 given that＋从句，用来说明已知事实，表示“鉴于，考虑到”。 (1)鉴于你对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向你介绍这一节日。(话题写作之传统文化) Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival—Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you. (2)考虑到我们学生需要更多的身体锻炼，我校上周日将举行了一次越野赛跑。(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷，应用文写作) Given that we students need more physical exercise，our school organized a cross­country running race last Sunday. Ⅰ．一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．digest (1)(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Cattle­raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults. A (2)This food digests well，so you can feed it to your baby. C (3)It took me a long time to digest the theory put forward at the meeting. B (4)I will send you a monthly news digest as a birthday gift. D 2．overcome (1)To everyone's shock，in the final game Sweden easily overcame France. B (2)His parents were overcome with great sorrow at his grandpa's funeral. C (3)In addition，their smile­to­life attitude even in such tough situations also inspired me to overcome any difficulties in life. A 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 (1)For those who hunger for some peace and quiet，sound can now create silence. (2020·天津高考)v.渴望 (2)Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.)(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)vi.争夺 (3)I've been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. (2020·浙江高考)vt.饲养 (4)I repeated the question “Why do you push your son so hard？” and waited for her to expand，but she just rolled her eyes at me.v.详述；详细阐述 (5)Some books are to be tasted，others to be swallowed，and some few to be chewed and digested.v.领会；理解 Ⅱ．核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．I think we should devote much more time to adjusting(adjust) to the new environment. 2．A shortage(short) of experience caused us to assess what had happened in an incorrect way. 3．If you are in need of a deadline extension (extend), simply explain the situation to the professor. 4．I have no alternative but to ask(ask) him for an appropriate way to solve the problem. 5．The educators in this school took turns to deliver(deliver) a speech in the rural schools. 6．It is essential that he (should) get(get) some reliable information before making inferences． 7．We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth (deep) of her knowledge. 8．I tried something entirely (entire) new such as a dance class and a walking club.In addition, I tried to eat more nutritious (nutrition) food.Also, I had to eat plenty of fibre in order to keep my digestion working well. 9．The reality (real) is that there are still a large number of people facing poverty (poor) in the area. 10．What made me thrilled was that I could distinguish between this kind of flower and another one. 应用文增分练——农业历史人物 (2023·全国甲卷，改编)你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1．人物简介及事迹； 2．意义或启示。 【完成句子】 1．我相信，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国农业发展中最具影响力的人物之一。(convince) 2．他毕生致力于研发高产水稻品种，这些品种极大地增加了中国的粮食产量，并帮助许多发展中国家缓解了饥饿。(devote；alleviate；定语从句) 3．面对研究经费和先进研究设备的短缺，他没有放弃，而是竭尽全力逐个克服这些困难。(shortage; overcome) 4．鉴于他已经实现了自己想要的，很多人可能会认为他会退休过悠闲的生活，但他没有。(given that...) 5．即使在晚年，他仍在不断地追求梦想，研发产量更高的品种，这对我们所有人都是一种激励。(strain；yield；定语从句) 【组句成篇】 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 【参考范文】 I am convinced that Yuan Longping，known as the“Father of Hybrid Rice”，is one of the most influential figures in China's agricultural development. He devoted his entire life to developing high­yield rice varieties，which have greatly increased China's food production and helped alleviate hunger in many developing countries.He was a person of high perseverance and determination.Faced with the shortage of research funds and advanced research equipment，he didn't give up but spared no effort to overcome them one by one.Without his efforts，many people in the world might still stay in hunger. Given that he had achieved what he wanted，many people might think he would have retired to a life of leisure，but he didn't.He kept on dreaming up and developing strains with higher yields even in his later years，which serves as an inspiration to us all. 续写积累精练 教材语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　devote→devoted→devotion；convince→convinced；intense；leisure；deep down [动作描写]　tackle；boost；attain；assumption→assume；overcome；estimate；alleviate；digest 续表 美句 1.Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he had devoted his life.(外貌描写) 2.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.(情感描写) 3.Long ago，he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum，with each ear of rice as big as a broom，and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.(排比修辞) 4.Even in his later years，Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision.(人物描写) 拓展语料积累　【动作细节描写：眼部动作】 单词 wink v．眨眼；stare v．盯着看；glance v．瞥一眼；glare v．怒视；scan v．细看，端详 词块 eyes be wide with horror吓得瞪大眼睛；squeeze one's eyes shut紧紧闭上眼睛；look straight into one's eyes直视某人的眼睛；with one's eyes fixed on sth. 眼睛盯着某物；one's eyes fall on...目光落在……；make eye contact眼神交流；one's eyes shine/sparkle/glisten with...眼里闪着……的光芒；narrow one's eyes 眯起眼睛 句型 1.She avoids any eye contact and quickly looks away when someone approaches.她避免任何眼神交流，当有人靠近时，她会迅速移开视线。 2.We stared at each other for a while，speechless.我们面面相觑了一会儿，无言以对。 3.At the bloody scene，she was so frightened that she squeezed her eyes shut.看到那血腥的一幕，她吓坏了，紧紧地闭上了眼睛。 4.Upon hearing the news，the boys jumped with joy，their eyes shining with excitement.一听到这个消息，男孩们就高兴得跳了起来，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。 5.So absorbed was Jane that she fixed her eyes on the screen，lost in deep thought.简全神贯注，目不转睛地盯着屏幕，陷入沉思。 语料运用　【农业丰收】 In spite of the weather disaster，farmers ①had bravely overcome all difficulties and looked forward to a good harvest.Indeed，instead of poor harvests，②it was estimated that a boost may be possible．All villagers came to witness the exciting harvest time.Seeing the golden wheat field stretching as far as they can see，③their eyes were shining with joy and excitement．Even the old who couldn't work on the land came.They ④narrowed their eyes，talked with smiles and praised the young busy with harvesting.Some children gathered together，⑤their eyes fixed on some crickets(独立主格结构) that for unknown reasons had lost one leg.All in all，people whether in the field or on the ground ⑥were overcome with such an harmonious scene． 尽管发生了天气灾害，农民们还是勇敢地克服了一切困难，期待着丰收。确实，据估计收成可能会增产，而不是歉收。所有的村民都来见证这激动人心的收获时刻。看到一望无尽金色的麦田，他们的眼睛里闪烁着喜悦和兴奋。甚至连那些不能到田间劳作的老人也来了。他们眯起眼睛，微笑着交谈，并赞扬忙于收割的年轻人。一些孩子聚在一起，目不转睛地盯着几只蟋蟀，这些蟋蟀不知什么原因失去了一条腿。总之，无论是在田间还是地头的人们都被这一幕和谐的景象所征服。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$