精品解析：天津市和平区天津市第二十中学2024-2025学年高二下学期6月第二次学情调研英语试题

2024-2025年学年第二学期高二英语学科第二次学情调研 第一节、单项选择(15分，每题1分) 1. Lianda has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities, not only because of its ________ professors and talented students, but also because of the school’s strong spirit of _________ and dedication. A. prominent; perseverance B. profound; presence C. prosperous; perfection D. preferred; permanence 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：联大已成为中国现代大学的至高荣耀，不仅因为其杰出的教授和才华横溢的学生，还因为该校强大的坚韧精神和奉献精神。A. prominent杰出的；perseverance坚韧；B. profound深刻的；presence存在；C. prosperous繁荣的；perfection完美；D. preferred偏爱的；permanence永恒。根据第一空与“talented students”（才华横溢的学生）并列可知，此处应为“prominent”用来修饰教授，表示“杰出的教授”，能体现学校的人才优势；根据“dedication”（奉献）表示精神层面的内容可知，第二空为“perseverance”表示“坚韧”，一样都属于精神层面的内容，二者并列，符合语境。故选A项。 2. I ________ my job at the end of the first month because I couldn’t put up with the critical manager any longer. A. recommended B. quit C. refused D. rejected 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在第一个月底就辞职了，因为我再也不能忍受那个吹毛求疵的经理了。A. recommended推荐；B. quit离开，停止；C. refused拒绝； D. rejected排斥，抛弃。根据空后“because I couldn’t put up with the critical manager any longer.”可知，因为受不了那个经理，辞职了，所以空处需用动词quit。故选B。 3. Nowadays many companies make it________for every job applicant to take a physical examination before they are employed. A. incredible B. compulsory C. transparent D. controversial 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：现在很多公司强制每一个工作面试者在被雇佣之前做身体检查。A.incredible 难以置信的；B.compulsory 强制的；C.transparent 透明的； D.controversial有争议的。根据 take a physical examination before they are employed.可知，检查身体是强制性的。故选B。 4. We ran into a few tricky problems during the project, ________ it was a great success. A. on the contrary B. on the whole C. in particular D. after all 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们在项目期间遇到了一些棘手的问题，但总体而言这是一个巨大的成功。A. on the contrary相反；B. on the whole总体上；C. in particular尤其；D. after all毕竟。根据“We ran into a few tricky problems”可知，遇到棘手问题，结合“it was a great success.”可知，前后形成转折关系，需用表示总结性的短语衔接，on the whole表示“从整体来看”，符合“尽管有问题，但整体成功”的逻辑。故选B项。 5. What a woman! I just wonder how she manages to keep smiling after all that she has ______. A. figured out B. made up C. taken away D. gone through 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：多么伟大的女人呀！我刚刚还在纳闷她在经历了所有的事情后，怎么还能一直保持微笑。A. figured out弄清楚；B. made up编造；化妆；C. taken away拿走；解除；D. gone through经历。根据句意故选D。 6. In the process of getting rid of racial________,the USA is left far behind. A. discrimination B. compromise C. substitute D. disadvantage 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在摆脱种族歧视的过程中，美国被远远抛在后面。A. discrimination歧视；B. compromise妥协；C. substitute代替；D. disadvantage缺点。根据空前的“racial”可知，此处指种族“歧视”，故选A项。 7. Since this accident has nothing to do with him, he seems no way ______. A. to be blamed B. to blame C. blamed for D. to blame for 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查固定用法。句意：既然这次事故与他无关，他似乎也就无可指责了。短语sb be to blame“某人该受责备；某人应该负责”为固定搭配，没有被动语态。故选B。 8. You________have scolded him for his poor performance.After all,he had done his best. A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你不应该因为他表现不好而责备他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。A. wouldn’t “不会”；B. couldn’t 不可能；C. mustn’t 禁止，不允许；D. shouldn’t不应该。固定搭配：shouldn’t have done“本不应该做而做了”。此处指“本不应该责备他而责备了”，故选D。 9. —How about a chat over a cup of coffee this afternoon? —Sorry,I’m________today and can’t put you in.Let’s make it sometime next week. A. on a limited budget B. in high spirits C. on a tight schedule D. in deep doubt 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：——今天下午一起喝杯咖啡聊聊天怎么样?——对不起，我今天的日程很紧，不能给您安排了。那就定在下周吧。A.on a limited budget 预算有限；B.in high spirits兴高采烈；C.on a tight schedule 日程安排很紧；D.in deep doubt深度怀疑。根据后文的Let’s make it sometime next week.可知“今天日程安排紧，不能出去喝咖啡聊天”，选项C最合语境。故选C。 10. Either the detailed explanation in the textbook or the teacher’s examples in class helpful for understanding a noun clause functions. A. is; how B. are; how C. is; what D. are; what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致和连接词。句意：无论是教科书中的详细解释还是老师在课堂上的例子，都有助于理解名词性从句是什么功能。在“Either…or…”结构中，谓语动词遵循就近原则（与or后的the teacher’s examples一致），此处应为复数are。 understanding后接宾语从句，表示“方式”，用连接词how。故选B项。 11. Every boy and every girl ______ pleased when they saw Shenzhou XV, with Fei Junlong, one of the most expert Chinese astronaut, to carry out the flight mission, was sent up to space. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每个男孩和女孩在看到神舟十五号，由最资深的中国宇航员之一费俊龙执行飞行任务被送入太空时，都感到非常高兴。根据句意以及时间状语从句的谓语动词saw可知，此处使用一般过去时，“every+名词单数+and+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。故选B项。 12. Up to now, more than one article on environmental protection ______ in the local newspaper. A has published B. have published C. has been published D. have been published 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，当地报纸上已经发表了不止一篇关于环境保护的文章。空格处在句中作谓语部分；根据时间状语Up to now可知应使用现在完成时，主语more than one article和动词publish之间是被动关系，此处应使用现在完成时的被动语态，“more than one...”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，因此助动词应使用has，设空处填has been published。故选C项。 13. With all her time _________ experiments, she has no time for entertainment. A. spent doing B. spent to do C. spending to do D. is spent doing 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查with复合结构和动词短语。句意：她把所有的时间都花在做实验上，没有时间娱乐。分析句子可知，句中“With all her time _________ experiments”是“with +宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构，在句中作状语。然后看宾语“all her time”与宾补之间的关系：“spend”与“time”之间是动宾关系，即“time”是“spend”的宾语，构成“spend time (in) doing sth.”的结构，意思是“花费时间做某事”。这里表示“所有的时间都被花在做实验上”，所以要用过去分词“spent”来表示被动关系，即“with all her time spent”。后面“doing experiments”是“spend time (in) doing sth.”结构中的“doing sth.”部分。故选A项。 14. The only thing is that there might be a few machine-learning problems when the first cars ________ the market, so perhaps I’d better learn to drive first. A. reach B. touch C. strike D. hit 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：唯一的问题是，当首批汽车进入市场时可能会出现一些机器学习问题，所以也许我最好先学会开车。A. reach 到达，抵达；B. touch 触摸，接触；C. strike 撞击，罢工；D. hit 到达，进入（市场等）。hit the market为固定搭配，意为“进入市场”，符合语境。故选D。 15. ________ sure that all the windows are shut, mainly because it is reported that a heavy rain is on the way. A. Making B. To make C. Having made D. Make 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：确保所有的窗户都关上，主要是因为据报道大雨即将来临。分析句子结构，这是一个祈使句，根据祈使句的用法，祈使句以动词原形开头，故选D项。 第二节、完型填空(20分，每题1分) There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the ___16___ the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And that’s precisely why one ___17___ Frenchman has caught our attention. Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving ___18___ on discarded(丢弃) food. The three-month, 1,900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s ___19___ of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world. As you can ___20___, the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants ___21___ tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of ___22___ garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in ten places ___23___ him food that would otherwise be discarded. For legal ___24___, most restaurants have a policy against ____25____ food waste. “Some people have even ____26____ their jobs by giving me food,” Dubanchet said. What’s ____27____ interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the ____28____ while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to ____29____ at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food. The ____30____ is all the more serious when you consider the ____31____ exercise required to bike from France to Poland. “I have to get food ____32____ because after all the biking I am tired and I need the ____33____,” Dubanchet explained. “Is my ____34____ full or empty? That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.” He aims to ____35____ his journey by mid-July. With any luck, he’ll turn a few more heads in the process. 16. A. cleverer B. older C. stranger D. simpler 17. A. garbage-eating B. sports-loving C. food-wasting D. law-breaking 18. A. secretly B. finally C. entirely D. probably 19. A. purpose B. way C. opinion D. dream 20. A. observe B. imagine C. suggest D. remember 21. A. store B. cook C. shop for D. throw away 22. A. locked B. damaged C. connected D. abandoned 23. A. bought B. offered C. ordered D. sold 24. A. reasons B. rights C. fees D. aids 25. A. begging for B. giving away C. hiding D. causing 26. A. did B. kept C. accepted D. risked 27. A. hardly B. usually C. particularly D. merely 28. A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest 29. A. work B. shout C. ask D. jump 30. A. competition B. conversation C. conflict D. challenge 31. A. adequate B. rewarding C. demanding D. suitable 32. A. again B. alone C. later D. fast 33. A. spirit B. energy C. time D. effort 34. A. stomach B. hand C. pocket D. basket 35. A. arrange B. restart C. report D. finish 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了一位法国人Baptiste Dubanchet为了引起人们对浪费食物的重视，骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存的事情。 【16题详解】 考查形容词辨析。A. cleverer更聪明的；B. older更老的；C. stranger更奇怪；D. simpler更简单的。根据常识可知，通常观点越奇怪，它就会越受到关注。故选C。 【17题详解】 考查形容词辨析。A. garbage-eating吃垃圾的；B. sports-loving爱好体育的；C. food-wasting浪费食物的；D. law-breaking破坏法律的。根据下文可知，这个法国人吃垃圾。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查副词辨析。A. secretly秘密地；B. finally最后；C. entirely完全地；D. probably很可能。Baptiste Dubanchet骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存。故选C。 【19题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. purpose目的；B. way道路，方式；C. opinion意见；D. dream梦想。句意：从巴黎到华沙历时三个月，1900英里的旅程，是Dubanchet引起欧洲和全世界对食物残羹注意的方式。故选B。 【20题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. observe观察；B. imagine想象；C. suggest建议；D. remember记得。你可以想象，这次旅行不是小菜一碟。故选B。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。A. store存储；B. cook做饭；C. shop for购买某物；D. throw away扔掉。虽然餐馆每年扔掉大量的食物，但由于垃圾容器上锁、卫生规定或商业政策，很多食物仍然难以接近。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查形容词辨析。A. locked上锁的；B. damaged被损坏的；C. connected连接的；D. abandoned被抛弃的。根据it remains inaccessible可知，这里意思是垃圾容器上锁。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. bought买；B. offered提供；C. ordered命令；D. sold销售。只有大约十分之一的地方给他提供了食物，否则就会被丢弃。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. reasons原因；B. rights权力；C. fees费用；D. aids援助。句意：由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。A. begging for乞求；B. giving away分发；C. hiding隐藏；D. causing造成。由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. did做；B. kept保持；C. accepted接受；D. risked冒……的危险。上文说由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。故这里意思是有些人甚至冒着失业的危险给我食物。故选D。 27题详解】 考查副词辨析。A. hardly几乎不；B. usually通常；C. particularly特别是；D. merely仅仅。特别有趣的是各个城市对Dubanchet事件的态度。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词辨析。A. easiest最容易的；B. nearest最近的；C. biggest最大的；D. richest最富有的。根据后文while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.可推知，这里意思是柏林是最容易的，与后文形成对比。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. work工作；B. shout呼喊；C. ask询问；D. jump跳跃。在那里，他必须在大约50家不同的商店或餐馆询问，才能找到食物。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. competition竞赛；B. conversation会话；C. conflict冲突；D. challenge挑战。当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻了。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查形容词辨析。A. adequate充足的；B. rewarding有益的；C. demanding要求高的；D. suitable适当的。句意：当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻了。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查副词辨析。A. again再一次；B. alone独自地；C. later后来；D. fast迅速地。我必须迅速得到食物，因为骑了那么多自行车，我累了，我需要能量。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. spirit精神；B. energy能量；C. time时间；D. effort努力。根据because after all the biking I am tired可知，我需要能量。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. stomach胃；B. hand手；C. pocket口袋；D. basket篮子。根据That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.可知，这里意思是我的胃是满的还是空的。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. arrange安排；B. restart重新开始；C. report报告；D. finish结束。根据With any luck, he’ll turn a few more heads in the process.可推知，这里意思是他计划在七月中旬结束他的旅行。故选D。 第三节、阅读理解(40分，每题2分) (A) The Motivated Sequence (序列) of Public Speech The motivated sequence gets its name partly because it follows john Dewey’s problem solution model for thinking and partly because it makes attractive analyses of these problems and their solutions by tying them to human motives. That is, the motivated sequence is both problem-driven and motivation-centered. There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence 1. You must get people to attend to some problem, or to feel discomfort strongly enough to want to hear more. 2. You can create more specific wants or desires, a personal sense of need. 3. When wants or needs are created, you can attempt to satisfy them by showing what can be done to solve the problem or relieve the sense of discomfort. 4. Simply describing a course of action may not be enough, so in the fourth place you can visualize the world as it would look if the actions were carried out, and what it might be like if they were not. 5. With that, if you have done these four tasks well, accidence members should be ready to act — to put into practice the proposed solution to their problems. Five steps Audience response 1. Attention Getting attention I want to listen. 2. Need Showing the need: Describing the solution Something needs to be done. 3. Satisfaction Satisfying the need: presenting the solution This is what to do to satisfy the need. 4. Visualization Visualizing the results _______?_______ 5. Action Requesting action or approval 1. will do this. The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches. It could be used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Or, you could use it to sell a friend insurance. And you can also use it to talk about social problems, such as the environment and the economic crisis. 36. What do we know about the motivated sequence? A. It is the basic principle of problem-solution model. B. It has nothing to do with human motivation. C. It’s both problem-driven and motivation-centered. D. There are six basic steps in the motivated sequence 37. Which of the following best fills in the blank for the“ Visualization” step’s audience response? A. I can imagine the results clearly. B. I don’t care about the results. C. I’m confused about the actions. D. I doubt the proposed solution. 38. What can the motivated sequence be used for? A. A speech urging your classmates to quit a blood donors’ association. B. A speech to get your friends to promote a blood donors’ association C. A speech to get your friends to sell insurance. D. A speech on the environmental and economic crisis. 39. Xiao Wang is trying to persuade his classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Help him draft a speech by putting the following five sentences in the right order based on the motivated sequence. (1)With the steady supply of blood, emergencies will be met with timely treatment (2)You can help by filling out the blood donors’ cards la m passing out. (3)Our area is short of blood of all types to meet emergency needs. (4)A man died last night in a traffic accident because he lost too much blood. (5)A blood donors’ association guarantees a predictable, steady supply of blood to the medical community. A. (4)(3)(5)(1)(2) B. (4)(2)(3)(1)(5) C. (4)(5)(3)(1)(2) D. (4)(2)(1)(5)(3) 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了公众演讲的激励序列模式及其五个基本步骤和应用。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“That is, the motivated sequence is both problem-driven and motivation-centered. (也就是说，激励序列既是问题驱动的，也是以动机为中心的。)”可知，激励序列既是问题驱动的，也是以动机为中心的。故选C。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence部分的“Simply describing a course of action may not be enough, so in the fourth place you can visualize the world as it would look if the actions were carried out, and what it might be like if they were not. (仅仅描述一个行动过程可能是不够的，所以在第四步，你可以想象如果行动被执行，世界会是什么样子，如果它们没有被执行，世界又会是什么样子。)”可知，这一步是让听众去想象如果按照建议行动或不行动，世界会是什么样子。因此，最符合这一步听众反应的选项是“I can imagine the results clearly. (我能清楚地想象出结果。)”。故选A。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And you can also use it to talk about social problems, such as the environment and the economic crisis. (你也可以用它来谈论社会问题，比如环境和经济危机。)”可知，激励序列也可以用于谈论社会问题，如环境和经济危机。故选D。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据动机序列的五个步骤：“1. Attention (吸引注意)”、“2. Need (展示需求)”、“3. Satisfaction (满足需求)”、“4. Visualization (可视化结果)”、“5. Action (请求行动)”。小王说服他的同学加入献血者协会的演讲首先要让人们关注某个问题，吸引听众的注意力，想要听到更多，即第一步为(4)A man died last night in a traffic accident because he lost too much blood. (首先引起听众的注意，通过一个具体的事例说明问题的严重性。)。接下来要创造更具体的需求或欲望，即第二步为(3)Our area is short of blood of all types to meet emergency needs. (接着进一步阐述问题的现状，即地区血液短缺。)。接着通过展示可以做些什么来解决问题或减轻不适感来满足它们，即第三步为(5)A blood donors’ association guarantees a predictable, steady supply of blood to the medical community. (然后提出解决方案，即成立献血者协会可以保证血液的稳定供应。)。然后描述如果行动被执行后会带来什么影响，即第四步为(1)With the steady supply of blood, emergencies will be met with timely treatment. (接着描述如果采取行动，即成立献血者协会，将会带来的好处，即紧急情况将得到及时治疗。)。最后就是将解决问题的办法付诸实践，即第五步为(2)You can help by filling out the blood donors’ cards and passing them out. (最后呼吁听众采取行动，即填写献血者卡片并分发出去。)。因此，正确的顺序是(4)(3)(5)(1)(2)。故选A。 (B) In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever (猎犬), Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn’s spirit. As dawn’s first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the night while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged his tail, eager for the day’s melodies. Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed (抚摸) by nature’s ideal breezes. One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard. Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge. Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It was Finn’s instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety’s shore. Nestled in a rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm’s fury. Isla whispered tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn’s eager ears. In return, he moved slowly and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories. When the storm’s rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead. As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden village hugged them gently. Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild’s temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends. Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance. 40. What connected Isla to Finn? A. The untouched expanse of wilderness. B. Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets. C. Circumstance and shared dreams. D. The urban noise. 41. What drove Isla into despair? A. A dusk of crimson and purple. B. A sudden storm. C. The familiar trails. D. A rocky embrace. 42. In the 5th paragraph, what does the underlined word “unveil” most probably mean? A. conceal B. explore C. lead D. uncover 43. What were the villagers interested in? A. Finn’s confidence and intuition. B. Isla’s respect for nature. C. Isla and Finn’s exciting journey D. The wild’s temptation. 44. What can we learn from the passage? A. Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass. B. Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore. C. The villagers wove Isla and Finn’s journey into local legend. D. Isla and Finn’s real strength lied in conquering harsh environments. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. D 43. C 44. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述伊斯拉和她的金毛猎犬芬恩在荒野冒险中相互扶持、共度难关的故事。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn’s spirit.(它们的联系不仅仅是环境所致，更是源于共同的梦想。伊斯拉寻求远离城市喧嚣的宁静，而荒野的每一声沙沙声和低语都点燃了芬恩的灵魂。)”可知，将伊斯拉和芬恩联系在一起的是环境和共同的梦想。故选C项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard.(在一个被深红与缥缈紫晕染的黄昏，一场突如其来的风暴让他们猝不及防。)”以及“Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It was Finn’s instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety’s shore. (伊斯拉被凶猛的水流紧紧裹挟。在那绝望的时刻，芬恩本能的勇气闪耀光芒——他猛然上前，死死抓住她的背包，将她拽回安全的岸边。)”可知，一场突如其来的风暴让伊斯拉陷入绝望。故选B项。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead.(但芬恩带着坚定的信心向前迈步，相信自己的直觉能够unveil前方的道路。)”可知，芬恩带着坚定的信心向前迈步，由此可知，芬恩相信自己能直觉能“揭示，展示”前方的路，所以划线单词“unveil”与“uncover（揭露）”。意义相近故选D项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend.(村民们对这段漫长而激动人心的旅程很感兴趣，热情地欢迎了他们，他们的旅程也被编织进了当地的传奇故事中。)”可知，村民们对伊斯拉和芬恩激动人心的旅程感兴趣。故选C项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend.(村民们对这段漫长而激动人心的旅程很感兴趣，热情地欢迎了他们，他们的旅程也被编织进了当地的传奇故事中。)”可知，村民们将伊斯拉和芬恩的旅程编织进了当地的传奇故事中。故选C项。 (C) Some people believe that getting older means a gradual decline rather than a journey toward wisdom. However, more and more studies show that learning is still possible in later life. In fact, continued education can benefit the aging brain. Throughout one’s life, the human brain remains remarkably capable of adapting and restructuring itself. As early as the 1960s, British neuroscientist Geoffrey Raisman observed that injured regions of rat brains could establish new synaptic (突触的) connections, as revealed under an electron microscope. These findings introduced the concept of neuroplasticity — the idea that the brain can continually rewire itself in response to new stimuli (触发因素)and learning experiences. Naturally, this adaptive ability does not make the brain resistant to the damage caused by time. Just as height tends to decline with age, so too does brain volume, shrinking at an estimated rate of 4% per decade beginning in one’s 40s. Nevertheless, this volumetric decline does not definitely translate into cognitive impairment. As long as individuals remain mentally engaged and open to novel experiences, the brain retains a significant capacity to regenerate pathways and maintain functionality. Modern research increasingly highlights that exposure to new environments, ideas, and skills can enhance the brain’s flexibility. These fresh experiences promote the formation of neural networks, which help sustain cognitive resilience (韧性) , even as structural shrinkage occurs. From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can galvanize brain function and promote long-term mental health. Moreover, studies of older adults suggest that those who actively pursue new intellectual or physical challenges tend to enjoy enhanced memory performance and reduced susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders (神经退行性疾病). Natural qualities such as curiosity and an enthusiastic attitude toward acquiring knowledge appear to be positively correlated with cognitive preservation. Importantly, a 2012 study published in Psychology and Aging confirmed that participation in cognitively stimulating tasks can boost reasoning skills and potentially delay age-related mental decline. 45. Which of the following best explains Geoffrey Raisman’s research? A. Brain aging is a largely irreversible biological process. B. Synaptic formation in rats differs significantly from that in humans. C New experiences primarily enhance short-term brain performance. D. The human brain is more resilient and dynamic than previously believed. 46. What inference can be drawn regarding brain aging from the text? A. Age-related brain shrinkage inevitably causes mental worsening. B. Cognitive flexibility can persist despite physiological (生物学) brain changes. C. Elderly individuals are incapable of forming new neural pathways. D. Once brain volume decreases, neuroplasticity ceases to function. 47. Which strategy is recommended for sustaining brain health in later life? A. Engaging in novel activities that challenge mental habits. B. Using drug treatments to slow aging effects. C. Repeating familiar tasks to avoid unnecessary stress. D. Focusing merely on physical exercise to support brain growth. 48. In the 4th paragraph, which word can replace the underlined word “galvanize”? A. suppress B. evaluate C. imitate D. stimulate 49. Based on the findings of the 2012 Psychology and Aging study, . A. Entertaining games are ineffective in preventing memory loss. B. Rational(理性)thinking declines with age despite training. C. Deliberate mental stimulation can enhance reasoning ability. D. Naturally gifted individuals benefit from cognitive training. 50. Which one can serve as the best title of the passage? A. The Aging Brain: A Declining Organ? B. Learning in Later Life: Boosting the Aging Brain C. Neuroplasticity: The Key to a Younger Brain D. Curiosity: The Secret to Cognitive Preservation 【答案】45. D 46. B 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍终身学习对衰老大脑的益处及背后的神经科学原理。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As early as the 1960s, British neuroscientist Geoffrey Raisman observed that injured regions of rat brains could establish new synaptic connections, as revealed under an electron microscope. These findings introduced the concept of neuroplasticity — the idea that the brain can continually rewire itself in response to new stimuli and learning experiences.(早在20世纪60年代，英国神经科学家杰弗里·雷斯曼在电子显微镜下观察到，大鼠大脑的受伤区域可以建立新的突触连接。这些发现引入了神经可塑性的概念——即大脑可以随着新的刺激和学习体验不断重新连接自己的观点。)”可知，人类大脑比之前认为的更具弹性和活力。故选D项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Naturally, this adaptive ability does not make the brain resistant to the damage caused by time.(这种适应能力并不能使大脑抵抗时间造成的损害。)”以及“Nevertheless, this volumetric decline does not definitely translate into cognitive impairment. As long as individuals remain mentally engaged and open to novel experiences, the brain retains a significant capacity to regenerate pathways and maintain functionality.(然而，这种体积的下降并不一定会转化为认知障碍。只要个人保持精神投入并对新体验持开放态度，大脑就会保留显著的能力来再生路径和维持功能。)”可推知，尽管大脑发生生理变化，认知灵活性仍可持续。故选B项。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Modern research increasingly highlights that exposure to new environments, ideas, and skills can enhance the brain’s flexibility.(现代研究越来越强调，接触新环境、新想法和新技能可以增强大脑的灵活性。)”以及“From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can galvanize brain function and promote long-term mental health. (从解决逻辑谜题到为日常事务选择非传统路径，对日常生活的细微改变能galvanize大脑功能并促进长期心理健康。)”可知，建议通过参与挑战思维习惯的新活动来维持晚年大脑健康。故选A项。 【48题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can galvanize brain function and promote long-term mental health.(从解决逻辑谜题到为日常任务选择非常规路线，日常生活的微小变化可以galvanize大脑功能，促进长期心理健康。)”可知，划线单词与空后的“promote”为并列关系，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“促进”意义相近。故选D项。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Importantly, a 2012 study published in Psychology and Aging confirmed that participation in cognitively stimulating tasks can boost reasoning skills and potentially delay age-related mental decline. (重要的是，2012年发表在《心理学与衰老》上的一项研究证实，参与认知刺激任务可以提高推理能力，并有可能延缓与年龄相关的智力衰退。)”可知，刻意的精神刺激可以增强推理能力。故选C项。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“However, more and more studies show that learning is still possible in later life. In fact, continued education can benefit the aging brain. (然而，越来越多的研究表明，晚年仍然可以学习。事实上，继续教育对衰老的大脑有益。)”可知，研究发现，晚年继续教育对衰老的大脑有益，所以标题“晚年学习：促进衰老的大脑”概括了文章的主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 (D) Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice. 51. What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A. People should always offer mercy to those around them. B. People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. C. Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D. Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 52. What does the example in Paragraph 3 illustrate? A. To fight is to grow. B. To give is to receive. C. To dominate is to harm. D. To forgive is to abuse. 53. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 mean? A. distant B. intimate C. connected D. familiar 54. What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A. Skeptical. B. Reserved. C. Objective. D. Favorable. 55. What message does the last paragraph convey? A. Forgiveness is in our nature. B. Forgiveness grows with time. C. It takes practice to forgive. D. Actuality is based on potentiality. 【答案】51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是宽恕是否违背人性这一哲学与心理学议题，通过两种人性观探讨宽恕的本质及其对个人与社会的意义，并从哲学角度分析宽恕能力的发展过程。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well - being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. (在他看来，宽恕者在向他人施以仁慈时，会损害自己的幸福，而他人可能会利用他们)”可知，Droll认为宽恕别人的人会使自己的幸福受影响。故选B项。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? (甚至常识也强烈表明，支配他人的意志并不能带来和谐的互动。例如，奴隶制作为一种社会和谐模式效果如何呢？)”可知，奴隶制是支配他人的典型例子，其并未带来和谐，说明支配他人会造成危害，该例子是为了阐述“支配即伤害”的观点。故选C项。 【53题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段 “Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. (宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整)”，结合“accept your love and forgiveness（接受你的爱和宽恕）”，可推测estranged与distant含义相近，意为“疏远的”。故选A项。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。从第三段“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. (甚至常识也强烈表明，支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动)”以及第四段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. (从我们作为人类的这第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理与心理完整性方面发挥着关键作用，因为经科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是仇恨的减少以及和谐的恢复)”等内容，能看出作者强调宽恕对个人和社区的积极作用，所以作者对宽恕的态度是支持的。故选D项。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice.(在实际情况中，宽恕的现实性是通过实践发展起来的)”可知，最后一段传达的信息是宽恕需要实践。故选C项。 第四节、阅读表达(10分，每题2分) 阅读下面短文，按照要求用英语回答问题。 GRAMMY award-winning blues harmonica (口琴) player Sugar Blue made his first China performance in December 2017. Chinese audiences were amazed by his stormy playing of the harmonica. Born on December 16, 1949 in New York, Sugar Blue is a great singer and composer. Sugar Blue’s love for music comes from his mother. Till today, he still vividly remembers the first time his mother took him to the Apollo Theater to see Stevie Wonder, a music genius. The way Wonder played the harmonica onstage greatly impressed Sugar Blue and made him even more determined to spend his life working on his musical dream. Sugar Blue’s musical career has been quite smooth, in which New York City plays an integral part. At that time, the musical atmosphere in New York was very diverse, jazz, blues, pop, rock, etc. He tries to pour everything that he feels about a song into it. His inspiration comes from people and the things that he comes across in his daily life, involving personal relationships, love, work, and daily struggles. In his eyes, you can write about the wonderful things that happen to you and you can also write about things that are not so good. He also draws inspiration from literature. Besides poetry, Zora Neale Hurston’s book also influenced him a lot, which is in his eyes “poetry from the first word to the last.” Among the cities he has been to, Shanghai is his favorite. “In Shanghai, there’s rock and roll, jazz, hip-hop, traditional Chinese music. I had a wonderful experience.” he said. “The city itself is full of life and energy.” In his new album, Sugar Blue writes a song about Shanghai to show his special love of it. The song features well-known Chinese sheng musician’s playing. Sugar Blue loves this song and highly values such cooperation with Chinese musicians. 56. How did Stevie Wonder influence Sugar Blue? (No more than 10 words) 57. Please explain the underlined words “integral” in English. (No more than 1 words) 58. Where does Sugar Blue’s inspiration come from? (No more than 15 words) 59. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? (No more than 10 words) 60. What do you think is the most important reason for Sugar Blue’s success? Please explain. (No more than 20 words) 【答案】56. The way he played the harmonica onstage impressed Sugar Blue. Or: By performing live on the stage. 57. Essential. /Important. /Significant. 58. It comes from people and the things in his daily life as well as literature. Or: He finds inspiration from his daily experiences and the works of literature. 59. Sugar Blue’s latest song and his cooperation with the Chinese musicians. Or: He thinks highly of his latest song and the cooperation with the Chinese musicians. 60. A possible version: His mother. Because she provided him with opportunities to make contact with great musicians. Or: The diverse musical atmosphere in New York City. It makes it possible for him to experience different musical styles. 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Sugar Blue的音乐之路。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中的“The way Wonder played the harmonica onstage greatly impressed Sugar Blue and made him even more determined to spend his life working on his musical dream.(Wonder在台上吹奏口琴的方式给Sugar Blue留下了深刻的印象，也让他更加坚定了毕生致力于音乐梦想的决心)”，可知Wonder用他在台上吹口琴的方式或他的舞台上现场表演影响了Sugar Blue，给Sugar Blue留下了深刻的印象。故答案为The way he played the harmonica onstage impressed Sugar Blue. Or: By performing live on the stage. 57题详解】 词句猜测题。由第三段“Sugar Blue’s musical career has been quite smooth, in which New York City plays an integral part. At that time, the musical atmosphere in New York was very diverse, jazz, blues, pop, rock, etc.(Sugar Blue的音乐生涯相当顺利，纽约市在其中扮演着integral角色。当时，纽约的音乐氛围非常多样化，爵士乐、蓝调、流行乐、摇滚乐等等)”，结合上文可知，Sugar Blue喜爱音乐，处于音乐氛围非常多样化的纽约，这能使Sugar Blue接触到不同类型的音乐，使他的音乐生涯相当顺利，说明纽约在他的成功中扮演着重要的角色，integral在此处意为“重要的”。故答案为Essential. /Important. /Significant. 【58题详解】 细节理解题。由第四段中的“His inspiration comes from people and the things that he comes across in his daily life, involving personal relationships, love, work, and daily struggles.(他的灵感来自于他在日常生活中遇到的人和事，包括人际关系、爱情、工作和日常斗争)”和“He also draws inspiration from literature.(他还从文学中汲取灵感)”可知，Sugar Blue的灵感来源于日常生活中的人和事（经历），也来源于文学。故答案为It comes from people and the things in his daily life as well as literature. Or: He finds inspiration from his daily experiences and the works of literature. 【59题详解】 主旨大意题。由最后一段“In his new album, Sugar Blue writes a song about Shanghai to show his special love of it. The song features well-known Chinese sheng musician’s playing. Sugar Blue loves this song and highly values such cooperation with Chinese musicians.(在他的新专辑中，Sugar Blue写了一首关于上海的歌来表达他对上海特别的爱。这首歌的特点是著名的中国音乐家的演奏。Sugar Blue很喜欢这首歌，也很重视与中国音乐家的合作)”，可知本段主要讲Sugar Blue的新歌和他与中国音乐家的合作或他对自己的新歌和与中国音乐家的合作有很高的评价。故答案为Sugar Blue’s latest song and his cooperation with the Chinese musicians. Or: He thinks highly of his latest song and the cooperation with the Chinese musicians. 【60题详解】 开放题。本文介绍了Sugar Blue的音乐之路，考生可依据对本文的理解，结合文章相关信息，例如第二段中的“Till today, he still vividly remembers the first time his mother took him to the Apollo Theater to see Stevie Wonder, a music genius.(直到今天，他还清楚地记得母亲第一次带他去阿波罗剧院看音乐天才Stevie Wonder)”和第三段中的“Sugar Blue’s musical career has been quite smooth, in which New York City plays an integral part.(Sugar Blue的音乐生涯相当顺利，纽约市在其中扮演着不可或缺的角色)”，言之有理即可。故答案为His mother. Because she provided him with opportunities to make contact with great musicians. Or: The diverse musical atmosphere in New York City. It makes it possible for him to experience different musical styles. 第五节、书面表达：15分 61. 请你写一篇文章以“AI: The Best or the Worst Thing to Humanity”为题，解读斯蒂芬•霍金关于人工智能言论，并表达你的观点。字数不少于100. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: AI: The Best or the Worst Thing to Humanity Stephen Hawking once said that artificial intelligence could be “either the best or the worst thing for humanity.” He believed AI has great potential but also serious risks. On one hand, AI improves medicine, education, and science. On the other, it may cause job loss, privacy issues, or even danger if it becomes too powerful. I believe AI is not good or bad by itself — it depends on how humans use it. If we develop AI responsibly with strong rules and ethics, it can bring huge benefits. But without control, it may become a threat. Therefore, guiding AI wisely is key to shaping a better future. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文，要求以 “AI: The Best or the Worst Thing to Humanity” 为题，解读斯蒂芬・霍金关于人工智能的言论并阐述个人观点，需结合霍金的观点分析 AI 的利弊。 详解】1. 词汇积累 潜力：potential → possibility 改善：improves → enhances 导致：cause → lead to 明智地：wisely → smartly 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：He believed AI has great potential but also serious risks. 拓展句：He held the belief that AI has great potential but also serious risks. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】 Stephen Hawking once said that artificial intelligence could be “either the best or the worst thing for humanity.”（运用了that 引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型 2】I believe AI is not good or bad by itself — it depends on how humans use it（运用了省略了that的宾语从句以及how引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025年学年第二学期高二英语学科第二次学情调研 第一节、单项选择(15分，每题1分) 1. Lianda has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities, not only because of its ________ professors and talented students, but also because of the school’s strong spirit of _________ and dedication. A. prominent; perseverance B. profound; presence C. prosperous; perfection D. preferred; permanence 2. I ________ my job at the end of the first month because I couldn’t put up with the critical manager any longer. A. recommended B. quit C. refused D. rejected 3. Nowadays many companies make it________for every job applicant to take a physical examination before they are employed. A. incredible B. compulsory C. transparent D. controversial 4. We ran into a few tricky problems during the project, ________ it was a great success. A. on the contrary B. on the whole C. in particular D. after all 5. What a woman! I just wonder how she manages to keep smiling after all that she has ______. A. figured out B. made up C. taken away D. gone through 6. In the process of getting rid of racial________,the USA is left far behind. A. discrimination B. compromise C. substitute D. disadvantage 7. Since this accident has nothing to do with him, he seems no way ______. A. to be blamed B. to blame C. blamed for D. to blame for 8. You________have scolded him for his poor performance.After all,he had done his best. A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 9. —How about a chat over a cup of coffee this afternoon? —Sorry,I’m________today and can’t put you in.Let’s make it sometime next week. A. on a limited budget B. in high spirits C. on a tight schedule D. in deep doubt 10. Either the detailed explanation in the textbook or the teacher’s examples in class helpful for understanding a noun clause functions. A. is; how B. are; how C. is; what D. are; what 11. Every boy and every girl ______ pleased when they saw Shenzhou XV, with Fei Junlong, one of the most expert Chinese astronaut, to carry out the flight mission, was sent up to space. A. is B. was C. are D. were 12. Up to now, more than one article on environmental protection ______ in the local newspaper. A. has published B. have published C. has been published D. have been published 13. With all her time _________ experiments, she has no time for entertainment. A. spent doing B. spent to do C. spending to do D. is spent doing 14. The only thing is that there might be a few machine-learning problems when the first cars ________ the market, so perhaps I’d better learn to drive first. A. reach B. touch C. strike D. hit 15. ________ sure that all the windows are shut, mainly because it is reported that a heavy rain is on the way. A. Making B. To make C. Having made D. Make 第二节、完型填空(20分，每题1分) There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the ___16___ the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And that’s precisely why one ___17___ Frenchman has caught our attention. Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving ___18___ on discarded(丢弃) food. The three-month, 1,900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s ___19___ of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world. As you can ___20___, the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants ___21___ tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of ___22___ garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in ten places ___23___ him food that would otherwise be discarded. For legal ___24___, most restaurants have a policy against ____25____ food waste. “Some people have even ____26____ their jobs by giving me food,” Dubanchet said. What’s ____27____ interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the ____28____ while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to ____29____ at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food. The ____30____ is all the more serious when you consider the ____31____ exercise required to bike from France to Poland. “I have to get food ____32____ because after all the biking I am tired and I need the ____33____,” Dubanchet explained. “Is my ____34____ full or empty? That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.” He aims to ____35____ his journey by mid-July. With any luck, he’ll turn a few more heads in the process. 16. A. cleverer B. older C. stranger D. simpler 17. A. garbage-eating B. sports-loving C. food-wasting D. law-breaking 18. A. secretly B. finally C. entirely D. probably 19. A. purpose B. way C. opinion D. dream 20. A. observe B. imagine C. suggest D. remember 21. A. store B. cook C. shop for D. throw away 22. A. locked B. damaged C. connected D. abandoned 23. A. bought B. offered C. ordered D. sold 24. A. reasons B. rights C. fees D. aids 25. A. begging for B. giving away C. hiding D. causing 26. A. did B. kept C. accepted D. risked 27 A. hardly B. usually C. particularly D. merely 28. A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest 29. A. work B. shout C. ask D. jump 30. A. competition B. conversation C. conflict D. challenge 31. A. adequate B. rewarding C. demanding D. suitable 32. A. again B. alone C. later D. fast 33. A. spirit B. energy C. time D. effort 34. A. stomach B. hand C. pocket D. basket 35. A. arrange B. restart C. report D. finish 第三节、阅读理解(40分，每题2分) (A) The Motivated Sequence (序列) of Public Speech The motivated sequence gets its name partly because it follows john Dewey’s problem solution model for thinking and partly because it makes attractive analyses of these problems and their solutions by tying them to human motives. That is, the motivated sequence is both problem-driven and motivation-centered. There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence 1. You must get people to attend to some problem, or to feel discomfort strongly enough to want to hear more. 2. You can create more specific wants or desires, a personal sense of need. 3. When wants or needs are created, you can attempt to satisfy them by showing what can be done to solve the problem or relieve the sense of discomfort. 4. Simply describing a course of action may not be enough, so in the fourth place you can visualize the world as it would look if the actions were carried out, and what it might be like if they were not. 5. With that, if you have done these four tasks well, accidence members should be ready to act — to put into practice the proposed solution to their problems. Five steps Audience response 1. Attention Getting attention I want to listen 2. Need Showing the need: Describing the solution Something needs to be done. 3. Satisfaction Satisfying the need: presenting the solution This is what to do to satisfy the need. 4. Visualization Visualizing the results _______?_______ 5. Action Requesting action or approval 1. will do this. The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches. It could be used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Or, you could use it to sell a friend insurance. And you can also use it to talk about social problems, such as the environment and the economic crisis. 36. What do we know about the motivated sequence? A. It is the basic principle of problem-solution model. B. It has nothing to do with human motivation. C. It’s both problem-driven and motivation-centered. D. There are six basic steps in the motivated sequence 37. Which of the following best fills in the blank for the“ Visualization” step’s audience response? A. I can imagine the results clearly. B. I don’t care about the results. C. I’m confused about the actions. D. I doubt the proposed solution. 38. What can the motivated sequence be used for? A. A speech urging your classmates to quit a blood donors’ association. B. A speech to get your friends to promote a blood donors’ association C. A speech to get your friends to sell insurance. D. A speech on the environmental and economic crisis. 39. Xiao Wang is trying to persuade his classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Help him draft a speech by putting the following five sentences in the right order based on the motivated sequence. (1)With the steady supply of blood, emergencies will be met with timely treatment (2)You can help by filling out the blood donors’ cards la m passing out. (3)Our area is short of blood of all types to meet emergency needs. (4)A man died last night in a traffic accident because he lost too much blood. (5)A blood donors’ association guarantees a predictable, steady supply of blood to the medical community. A. (4)(3)(5)(1)(2) B. (4)(2)(3)(1)(5) C. (4)(5)(3)(1)(2) D. (4)(2)(1)(5)(3) (B) In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever (猎犬), Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn’s spirit. As dawn’s first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the night while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged his tail, eager for the day’s melodies. Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed (抚摸) by nature’s ideal breezes. One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard. Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge. Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It was Finn’s instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety’s shore. Nestled in a rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm’s fury. Isla whispered tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn’s eager ears. In return, he moved slowly and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories. When the storm’s rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead. As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden village hugged them gently. Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild’s temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends. Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance. 40. What connected Isla to Finn? A. The untouched expanse of wilderness. B. Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets. C. Circumstance and shared dreams. D. The urban noise. 41. What drove Isla into despair? A. A dusk of crimson and purple. B. A sudden storm. C The familiar trails. D. A rocky embrace. 42. In the 5th paragraph, what does the underlined word “unveil” most probably mean? A. conceal B. explore C. lead D. uncover 43. What were the villagers interested in? A. Finn’s confidence and intuition. B. Isla’s respect for nature. C. Isla and Finn’s exciting journey D. The wild’s temptation. 44. What can we learn from the passage? A. Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass. B. Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore. C. The villagers wove Isla and Finn’s journey into local legend. D. Isla and Finn’s real strength lied in conquering harsh environments. (C) Some people believe that getting older means a gradual decline rather than a journey toward wisdom. However, more and more studies show that learning is still possible in later life. In fact, continued education can benefit the aging brain. Throughout one’s life, the human brain remains remarkably capable of adapting and restructuring itself. As early as the 1960s, British neuroscientist Geoffrey Raisman observed that injured regions of rat brains could establish new synaptic (突触的) connections, as revealed under an electron microscope. These findings introduced the concept of neuroplasticity — the idea that the brain can continually rewire itself in response to new stimuli (触发因素)and learning experiences. Naturally, this adaptive ability does not make the brain resistant to the damage caused by time. Just as height tends to decline with age, so too does brain volume, shrinking at an estimated rate of 4% per decade beginning in one’s 40s. Nevertheless, this volumetric decline does not definitely translate into cognitive impairment. As long as individuals remain mentally engaged and open to novel experiences, the brain retains a significant capacity to regenerate pathways and maintain functionality. Modern research increasingly highlights that exposure to new environments, ideas, and skills can enhance the brain’s flexibility. These fresh experiences promote the formation of neural networks, which help sustain cognitive resilience (韧性) , even as structural shrinkage occurs. From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can galvanize brain function and promote long-term mental health. Moreover, studies of older adults suggest that those who actively pursue new intellectual or physical challenges tend to enjoy enhanced memory performance and reduced susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders (神经退行性疾病). Natural qualities such as curiosity and an enthusiastic attitude toward acquiring knowledge appear to be positively correlated with cognitive preservation. Importantly, a 2012 study published in Psychology and Aging confirmed that participation in cognitively stimulating tasks can boost reasoning skills and potentially delay age-related mental decline. 45 Which of the following best explains Geoffrey Raisman’s research? A. Brain aging is a largely irreversible biological process. B. Synaptic formation in rats differs significantly from that in humans. C. New experiences primarily enhance short-term brain performance. D. The human brain is more resilient and dynamic than previously believed. 46. What inference can be drawn regarding brain aging from the text? A. Age-related brain shrinkage inevitably causes mental worsening. B. Cognitive flexibility can persist despite physiological (生物学) brain changes. C. Elderly individuals are incapable of forming new neural pathways. D. Once brain volume decreases, neuroplasticity ceases to function. 47. Which strategy is recommended for sustaining brain health in later life? A. Engaging in novel activities that challenge mental habits. B. Using drug treatments to slow aging effects. C. Repeating familiar tasks to avoid unnecessary stress. D. Focusing merely on physical exercise to support brain growth. 48. In the 4th paragraph, which word can replace the underlined word “galvanize”? A. suppress B. evaluate C. imitate D. stimulate 49. Based on the findings of the 2012 Psychology and Aging study, . A. Entertaining games are ineffective in preventing memory loss. B. Rational(理性)thinking declines with age despite training. C. Deliberate mental stimulation can enhance reasoning ability. D. Naturally gifted individuals benefit from cognitive training. 50. Which one can serve as the best title of the passage? A. The Aging Brain: A Declining Organ? B. Learning in Later Life: Boosting the Aging Brain C. Neuroplasticity: The Key to a Younger Brain D. Curiosity: The Secret to Cognitive Preservation (D) Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice. 51. What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A. People should always offer mercy to those around them. B. People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. C. Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D. Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 52. What does the example in Paragraph 3 illustrate? A. To fight is to grow. B. To give is to receive. C. To dominate is to harm. D. To forgive is to abuse. 53. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 mean? A. distant B. intimate C. connected D. familiar 54. What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A. Skeptical. B. Reserved. C. Objective. D. Favorable. 55 What message does the last paragraph convey? A. Forgiveness is in our nature. B. Forgiveness grows with time. C. It takes practice to forgive. D. Actuality is based on potentiality. 第四节、阅读表达(10分，每题2分) 阅读下面短文，按照要求用英语回答问题。 GRAMMY award-winning blues harmonica (口琴) player Sugar Blue made his first China performance in December 2017. Chinese audiences were amazed by his stormy playing of the harmonica. Born on December 16, 1949 in New York, Sugar Blue is a great singer and composer. Sugar Blue’s love for music comes from his mother. Till today, he still vividly remembers the first time his mother took him to the Apollo Theater to see Stevie Wonder, a music genius. The way Wonder played the harmonica onstage greatly impressed Sugar Blue and made him even more determined to spend his life working on his musical dream. Sugar Blue’s musical career has been quite smooth, in which New York City plays an integral part. At that time, the musical atmosphere in New York was very diverse, jazz, blues, pop, rock, etc. He tries to pour everything that he feels about a song into it. His inspiration comes from people and the things that he comes across in his daily life, involving personal relationships, love, work, and daily struggles. In his eyes, you can write about the wonderful things that happen to you and you can also write about things that are not so good. He also draws inspiration from literature. Besides poetry, Zora Neale Hurston’s book also influenced him a lot, which is in his eyes “poetry from the first word to the last.” Among the cities he has been to, Shanghai is his favorite. “In Shanghai, there’s rock and roll, jazz, hip-hop, traditional Chinese music. I had a wonderful experience.” he said. “The city itself is full of life and energy.” In his new album, Sugar Blue writes a song about Shanghai to show his special love of it. The song features well-known Chinese sheng musician’s playing. Sugar Blue loves this song and highly values such cooperation with Chinese musicians. 56. How did Stevie Wonder influence Sugar Blue? (No more than 10 words) 57. Please explain the underlined words “integral” in English. (No more than 1 words) 58. Where does Sugar Blue’s inspiration come from? (No more than 15 words) 59. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? (No more than 10 words) 60. What do you think is the most important reason for Sugar Blue’s success? Please explain. (No more than 20 words) 第五节、书面表达：15分 61. 请你写一篇文章以“AI: The Best or the Worst Thing to Humanity”为题，解读斯蒂芬•霍金关于人工智能言论，并表达你的观点。字数不少于100. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$