内容正文:
选择性必修第一册
新知预览1 PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT
No.1 基础知识———写与背
Ⅰ.单词分类记
一、写作单词
1. /̍vaItl/adj.必不可少的;极其重
要的;充满生机的
2. /əb̍dʒektIv/n.目标;目的adj.真
实的,客观的,无偏见的
3. /əb̍teIn/vt.获得;赢得
4. /dI̍fiːt/vt.打败;战胜;使受挫
n.失败
5. /In̍sIst/v.坚持
6. /̍sɜːkəmstəns/n.环境;情况
7. /faʊnd/vt.建立;创立
8. /prə̍fesə(r)/n.教授
二、拓展单词
1. /kə̍mIt/vt.投入;犯(罪、错等)→
committedadj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信
的→commitmentn.承诺;信奉;献身;委任
2. /I̍væljueIt/vt.评估;评价;估计→
evaluationn.评价;评估
3. /ə̍pærənt/adj.显而易见的;显
然的;表面上的→ adv.显然
地;显而易见地
4. /̩saIən̍tIfIk/adj.科学的→sciG
encen.科学→scientistn.科学家
5. /kən̍kluːd/vt.做出结论;结束→
n.结论,决定;结束,结局;协定,
协议
6. /̍kɒnsIkwəns/n.结果;后
果;影响→consequentadj.作为结果的;随
之发生的→consequentlyadv.因而;所以
7. /̍rædʒuəl/adj.逐渐的;逐步的
→ adv.逐渐地,逐步地
8. /̍pɒlətIks/n.政 治 →political
adj.政治的→politiciann.政治家
Ⅱ.短语双向记
1. 当权;上台
2. 担任;任职
3. 为做贡献
4. 致力于做
5. 坚决要求,坚持认为
6.asaconsequence
7.leadto
8.diefrom
9.bychance
10.drawout
Ⅲ.经典句式记
1.“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构引导定
语从句
Later,themedicinewastestedonmalaria
patients, .
后来,这种药物在疟疾患者身上测试,其中
大部分患者都康复了.
2.on/upondoing 或 on/upon+ 名 词,意 为
“一就”
,shesaid...
当 听 说 她 获 得 了 诺 贝 尔 奖 的 时 候,她
说.
3.“连词+动词Ging形式”的省略形式
,outofastrong
passionfor knowledge,hecontinuedto
study,earningadoctoratein physicsin
1905.
在那儿工作期间,由于强烈的求知欲,他继
续学习,于1905年获得了物理博士学位.
4.独立主格结构
He madenumerouscontributionstothe
world,
.
他为世界做出了无数的贡献,最著名的有广
义相对论和公式E=mc2.
48
5.“it+be+过去分词+that...”结构
On18April1955,
,andthewholeworldmourned
thegreatlossofabriliantscientist.
据报道,在1955年的4月18日爱因斯坦与
世长辞,全世界都为失去这样一位伟大的天
才科学家而哀悼.
Ⅳ.语法特征记[非限制性定语从句]
1.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,twenG
tyGthreeof aregirls.
2.ThebooktelsusaboutAlexanderFleming
discoveredpenicilin.
3.MyEnglishteachergraspedwhatImeant,
mademerealyhappy.
4.DaviswantedtovisitDrYuansnewfarm,
theseawaterricewasgrown.
5.Consideringthedangerouscircumstance,
Jackwil putoffthemeetinguntilApril
1st, thetyphoonwilend.
6.NobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehas
beenawardedtoTuYouyou, reG
searchledtothediscoveryofanewtreatG
mentformalaria.
No.2 基础技能———练与悟
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Thejournalistsimmediatelysetoutto
(获取)theseimportantfacts.
2.Hehas (投入)himselftothe
courseofthereform.
3.LastMonday,Iwasaskedtogivethenew
studentsatestto (评估)their
Englishlevel.
4.Rudolphjuststoodthere,sayingnothing.
(显而易见)hewasamanof
fewwords.
5.Weshould (分析)whatthey
saidandnotjustagreewitheverything.
6.Wehopethis (目标)wilbeatG
tained.
7.Underthe (条 件),it
seemedbetternottotelhimabouttheacG
cident.
8.Ididnot (承认)thathehaddone
anythingwrong.
9.Her (热 情)fordancingnever
dimmedovertheyears.
10.She (逐渐)foughtherwayto
thetopofthecompany.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Ineedsome (boil)watertowash
downmedicineafterbreakfast.
2.We madea (commit)tokeep
workingtogether.
3.Sincetheyinsiston (go),wel
simplypushtheboatwiththecurrentand
letthemgowithus.
4.On (hear)thatthenewnovelwas
published,herushedatoncetothebookG
shopforacopy.
5.Iwanttobea todiscovera
breakthroughtosavepeoples
lives.(science)
6. (circumstance)permitG
ting,Ilgoabroadtostudy.
7.Hestudiedhard,andin
(consequent)hepassedtheexam.
8.Foodinsmal piecescouldbeeateneasily
withtwigswhich (gradual)
turnedintochopsticks.
9.Hemadesimple onher
achievements.(remark)
10.Heisfamousbothasa and
poetbutheismorefamousforhis
.(novel)
Ⅲ.用所给短语的正确形式填空
cometopower;takeup;makecontributions
to;asaconsequence;leadto;commitoneself
to;inconclusion;inthebeginning;graduate
from;insiston
1.Manyofthesechemicalscan
cancerorotherilnesses.
2.Athinkingpersonmust
workingforpeace.
3.Iamanaccountant.Ijust colege
aboutayearago.
58
4. ,IdaredmyselftomakeadifferG
enceinthelifeofanotherperson.
5. ,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyG
ableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.
6.He theimportanceofbeing
punctual.
7.Ididnotworkagainfortwentyyearsuntil
MrMandelaandtheANC in
1994.
8.Sorrytohave somuchofyour
time.
9.Weshould thewest
ofourcountry.
10.Ihopeyoucanstudyhardandmasterasmuch
knowledgeaspossible,otherwiseyoulhave
toliveahardlife .
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1.最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合
理.(“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”引导
定语从句)
RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,
.
2.他一听到轰隆声,便冲出房去.(on/upon
doing或on/upon+名词,意为“一就”)
,herushedout
ofthehouse.
3.据报道,这座旧办公楼两个月后将拆除.
(“it+be+过去分词+that...”结构)
intwomonths.
4.在旅行期间,我每天都写日记.(“连词+动
词Ging形式”的省略形式)
Ikeptadiaryeveryday
.
5.如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次
海滨小游.(独立主格)
,theywilgoonanoutG
ingtothebeachtomorrow.
Ⅴ.基础语法练(非限制性定语从句)
句型转换
1.Hefailedintheexamination,
madehisfatherveryangry.
2. isknowntoal,ittakesmore
thangoodlookstosucceedasanactor.
3.Ms.Manhartisamotheroftwo,
husbandisalsointheairforce.
4.Pleasecomebackatsixoclock,
yourdinnerwilbeready.
5.Itisanenjoyableexperiencetorecitethese
poems, rhymeandrhythm make
themeasytoremember.
6.Theroom, helivesinalone,is
wideandbright.
7.Settingagoalforyourselfisimportant,
wil makeyouworkharderthan
before.
8.Ourdoctor, weal likedvery
much,retiredlastweek.
No.3 素养提升———感与知
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
AfamousAmericanpoetRobertFrostonce
said,“Poetryiswhatgetslostintranslation.”But
XuYuanchong,awelGknownChinesetranslator,
hadtriedtoconveythebeautyofancientChinese
poetry throughout hislife.Histeacher Qian
Zhongshucommentedonhispoetrytranslation,
“Youaredancingwhilechainedbyrhymeand
rhythm,butthedanceshowsamazingfreedomand
beauty,whichisquiteimpressive.”
Since1978,Xuhadpublishedmorethan
100translatedworksinChinese,Englishand
French,reachingmilionsofreadersathome
andabroad.Mostnotably,hetranslatedChiG
nesepoemsintorhymedversesinbothEngG
lishandFrench.HewasalsothefirstAsian
winneroftheAuroraBorealisPrizeforOutG
standingTranslationofFictionLiterature.
Xuwasknowntobeveryfastidiousin
hiswork.Forhim,Englishisa “scientific”
languagethatneedsexactnesswhileChinese
isan“artistic”languagethatincludesawider
rangeofcontent.Folowingthisprinciple,Xu
keptnotonlyfaithfulnessinthesensebut
beautyinsensibilityinhistranslation.
68
ThroughXustranslations,timeGhonored
ChinesewisdomhasmadeanimpactonWestG
ernsocietiesandthe world.Forexample,
whenformer US president Barack Obama
triedtobeginahealthcareprojectduringhis
presidency,somesenatorsdisagreedatfirst.
ButafterreadingthepoemtitledFishingin
Snow translatedbyXu,onesenatorwasso
impressed withthefishermansindependent
thinkingthathechosetopartwiththeparty
linetosupportObama.
Having madesuchgreatachievements,
Xumaintainedaroutine.EverydayhetransG
latedabout1,000words,workingtil3to4
a.m.,sleepingforabout3hoursandgetting
upat6a.m.tocontinue.“Translationisa
meansofcommunicating withthe writers
soul.Asuddenflickerofagood wordora
goodlinethrilseverypore(毛孔)andevery
inchofmyskin,”Xusaid.
1.WhatdoesthetexttelusaboutXuYuanG
chong?
A.HemasteredatleastthreeforeignlanG
guages.
B.Hetranslatedabout100Chineseworks
intoEnglish.
C.HewasthefirstwinneroftheAurora
BorcalisPrize.
D.Hewaswidelyknownforhistranslated
rhymedverses.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fastidious”
inParagraph3mean?
A.Particular. B.Satisfied.
C.Inventive. D.Productive.
3.Whydoestheauthorgivetheexamplein
Paragraph4?
A.TorecommendXustranslationworks.
B.TostressthecharmofChinesepoetry.
C.ToshowXusgreattranslationskils.
D.ToprovethewisdomoftheancientChinese.
4.WhichofthefolowingwordscanbestdeG
scribeXu?
A.Thoughtfulandmodest.
B.Generousandobjective
C.CreativeandopenGminded.
D.DevotedandhardGworking.
B
XuCongxiang,69,amajorgraingrower
inTaiheCounty,EastChinasAnhuiProvG
ince,reachedarecordharvestthisyear,with
thewheatyieldonhisdemonstration(示范)
farmover800kilogramspermu(0.067hecG
tares).“Inthe1970s,mostofChinaswheat
yieldper mu wasunder300 kg.Now,as
farmingtechnologycontinuestoimprove,our
grainoutputhasincreasedgreatly,”recals
Xu.
Afewdecadesago,whenXuwasunder
20andhadjustgraduatedfromhighschool,
hereturnedtohishometownandbecamea
farmer,embarkingonhisjourneyofexploG
ringnewwaystoincreasegrainyieldthrough
scienceandtechnology.Backthen,amagnifG
yingglass(放大镜)wasXusbesthelperfor
fieldobservation.Takingamagnifyingglass
andanotebook,Xuusedtosetoffintothe
fieldsatdawnandstayedthereuntilthemoon
rose.
“Atthattime,therewasnoadvanced
equipment,suchasaninsect monitor.We
couldonlyuseamagnifyingglasstoobserve
verysmal changesinthecrops.Sometiny
spotsontheleavescouldbethesignalofthe
outputreduction,”says Xu.Duringthose
years,Xuwrotemanynotebooks,whichconG
taineddetailedinformationincludingthetime
anddegreeofwindandthegrowthstatusof
crops.Withhisrichexperience,Xusummed
upthemethodsinthegreenandefficientculG
tivation(栽培)ofwheatandpromotedthem
tothesurroundingfarmers.
Underhisinfluence,XuschildrenfolG
lowedhisfootstepstoworkinagricultureand
achievedfurtherbreakthroughs.Hisfamily
focusesondeveloping highGqualityvarieties
and exploring highGyield cultivation techG
niques.Sincethebeginningofthisyear,atoG
taloffiftynewgrainvarietieshavebeenplanG
tedintheexperimentalfield,andsevenexG
periments have been conducted.In Xus
opinion, modern agricultural science and
78
technologyshouldbeappliedtohelpmodern
farmersincreaseyield,andhewil makeconG
tinuouseffortsinthisfield.
5.WhatdoesXuCongxiangwanttoshowby
hiswordsinParagraph1?
A.Hissweetmemoryofthepast.
B.TheprogressofagricultureinChina.
C.Hisprideinworkingasafarmer.
D.Thehistoryofademonstrationfarm.
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“embarG
kingon”inParagraph2mean?
A.Continuing. B.Changing.
C.Starting. D.Planning.
7.WhatcanwelearnaboutXuschildren?
A.Theyareoccupiedwithdifferentjobs.
B.Theydevotethemselvestoagriculture.
C.Theyhavecreated50newgrainvarieties.
D.Theypromotecultivationmethodstoother
farmers.
8.Whichofthefolowingcanbestdescribe
XuCongxiang?
A.Confidentandcreative.
B.Curiousandselfless.
C.Hardworkinganddetermined.
D.Easygoingandindependent.
Ⅱ.阅读填句(七选五)
Somanythingscankeepyoufromseeing
yourlovedonesinperson.Fortunately,the
peoplewemissareoftenonlyaphonecalor
textmessageaway.Butifyouprefertyped
outmessagestoverbalones,youmaywantto
reconsider. 1
Anewstudyfoundthatcommunication
interactionsthatincludedvoice,likeaphone
cal,createdstrongersocialbondsthancomG
municationthroughtyping,liketextmessaG
gingoremail.
2 Inone,theyasked200peopleto
makepredictionsaboutwhatitwouldbelike
toreconnectwithanoldfriendbyemailorby
phone.AndthentheyassignedpeopleatranG
domtodooneortheother. 3
“PeoplereportedtheydidformasignifiG
cantlystrongerbondwiththeiroldfriendon
thephonethanemail,andtheydidnotfeel
moreawkward,”studycoGauthorAmitKuG
mar,anassistantprofessorofmarketingat
the McCombsSchoolofBusiness,saidina
statement.
Inanotherexperiment,theresearchers
hadstrangersconnectbyeithertexting,talkG
ingovervideochat,ortalkingusingonlyaudio.
TheyfoundthatbothformsofvoicecommuG
nication—whethervideooraudioonly—made
thestrangersfeelsignificantlymoreconnected
thanwhentheycommunicatedviatext.
Sabrina Romanoff,a Harvard trained
clinicalpsychologist,sayspeopletendtotext
oremailinsteadofcalingbecauseofconvenG
ience, 4 Romanoffsaysthatinreality,texG
tingcanmakeithardtodeterminethetrue
meaningbehindaconversation. 5 .“Each
partyispresent,andtherefore,abletounderG
standthemeaningbehindthecontentwithout
ruminatingontheendlesspossiblemeanings
behindwordsandpunctuation.”
A.iftheywanttogetconnectedwithsomeone
faraway.
B.Accordingtoscience,ifyou wanttofeel
moreconnectedtothepeopleyouretalkG
ingto,youshouldcaltheminsteadoftexG
ting.
C.Althoughpeopleexpectedthataphonecal
wouldbe moreawkward,hearingsomeones
voiceactualymadetheexperiencebetter.
D.astheyseeitasacontroledformofcomG
municationwheretheycan“expressinforG
mationexactly withoutunexpectedinterG
ruptionsbytheotherperson.”
E.Asfarassomepeopleareconcerned,makG
ingacalcansaveusmoretimethantexG
ting.
F.Inthestudy,researchersusedvariousexG
perimentstomeasureconnectedness.
G.“Aphonecalisactualymoreconvenient
whenconsideringtheneteffectsofthe
message,”sheexplains.
88
Ⅳ.1.whatourcountryandpeoplehaveachieved
2.Itis;thathavechanged
3.findsitnecessarytolearnEnglishwel
4.Weoughttosavewateranytimeandanywhere
5.Thatswhyhecamefirstinthisimportantexam
Ⅴ.1.canspeakEnglishwel 2.mustbereading
3.should/oughttodiscussproblems 4.may/canleavefor
home 5.wilgofishing 6.usedtogotowork
素养提升———感与知
Ⅰ.[参考范文]
Notice
InordertoenrichourcampuslifeandenhanceourEngG
lishlevel,theStudentUnionplanstoholdanEnglishDrama
ShowintheScienceHalat3p.m.nextFriday.ThememG
bersofEnglishDramaClubwilperformthehighlightsof
Macbethand KingLear,whicharethe masterpiecesof
ShakespeareaswelasthetreasureofEnglishliterature.
Thisisachancetoappreciatetheclassicsandpaytributeto
literarygiants.Alstudentsarewelcometojoinus.Please
bepunctualandyouradviceorsuggestionswil behighly
appreciated.
Letsexploretheworldofartandliteraturetogether!
Lookingforwardtoyouractiveparticipation.
Ⅱ.[参考范文]
Thenextdayatschool,anotherclassmate,Tom,came
tomewitharequest.Hewantedmetojoinhisgroupfora
historyproject,whichwouldrequireasignificantamountof
myfreetime.Justafewdaysago,Iwouldhaveimmediately
saidyeswithouthesitation.Butthistime,lookingatToms
expectantface,Isummonedupmycourageandsaid,“Tom,
Irealyappreciateyouaskingme,butIhavemyownstudy
scheduleandpersonalthingstotakecareof.ImafraidI
cantjoinyourgroup.”Tomlookedabitsurprised.Hetried
topersuademe,sayingthatmyideaswouldberealyhelpful
fortheproject.However,IstoodmygroundandpolitelydeG
clinedagain.
AfterfirmlysayingnotoTom,Ifeltastrangemix
ofnervousnessandrelief.IwasnervousbecauseIwasworG
riedthat Tom mightbeangry with meorthatother
classmateswouldthinkIwasselfish.Butatthesametime,
therewasahugesenseofrelief.Irealizedthatitwasokay
toprioritizemyownneeds.Tomysurprise,afewdayslatG
er,Tomcametomeagain.Hesaidthatalthoughhewasa
bitdisappointedatfirst,heunderstoodmydecision.Heeven
thankedmeforbeinghonestwithhim.Fromthenon,IconG
tinuedtobetrueto myself.Istil helpedotherswhenI
could,butInolongeroverGcommitted.
第二部分 新知预览1
基础知识———写与背
Ⅰ.一、1.vital 2.objective 3.obtain 4.defeat 5.insist
6.circumstance 7.found 8.professor
二、1.commit 2.evaluate 3.apparent apparently
4.scientific 5.conclude conclusion 6.consequence
7.gradual gradualy 8.politics
Ⅱ.1.cometopower 2.takeupaposition 3.makecontriG
butionsto 4.commitoneselftodoing 5.insiston 6.因
此,结果 7.导致;造成(后果) 8.死于(一般是外因,不包
括疾病、过度悲伤等) 9.偶然地 10.取出;提取
Ⅲ.1.mostofwhomrecovered 2.Uponhearingthatshe
hadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize 3.Whileworkingthere
4.themostwelGknownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelaG
tivityandthefamousformulaE=mc2 5.itwasreported
thatEinsteinhadpassedaway
Ⅳ.1.whom 2.who/that 3.which 4.where 5.when
6.whose
基础技能———练与悟
Ⅰ.1.obtain 2.committed 3.evaluate 4.Apparently
5.analyse 6.objective 7.circumstances 8.acknowledge
9.passion 10.gradualy
Ⅱ.1.boiled 2.commitment 3.going 4.hearing 5.sciG
entist scientific 6.Circumstances 7.consequence
8.gradualy 9.remarks remarkable 10.novelist novels
Ⅲ.1.leadto 2.commithimselfto 3.graduatedfrom
4.Inthebeginning 5.Inconclusion 6.insistedon
7.cametopower 8.takenup 9.makecontributionsto
10.asaconsequence
Ⅳ.1.thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable 2.On/Upon
hearingthecrash 3.ItisreportedthattheoldofficebuildG
ingwilbetorndown 4.whiletraveling 5.WeatherperG
mitting
Ⅴ.1.which 2.As 3.whose 4.when
5.whose 6.where 7.which 8.who/whom
素养提升———感与知
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了中国
著名翻译家许渊冲对于翻译的贡献.
1.D [细节理解题.根据第二段“Since1978,XuhadpubG
lishedmorethan100translatedworksinChinese,English
andFrench,reaching milionsofreadersathomeand
abroad.Mostnotably,hetranslatedChinesepoemsinto
rhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.(自1978年以
来,许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品,在国内外拥有
数百万读者.最值得注意的是,他将中国诗歌翻译成英
语和 法 语 的 押 韵 诗.)”可 知,他 以 翻 译 押 韵 诗 而 广 为
人知.]
2.A [词义猜测题.根据划线词后的“Forhim,Englishis
a‘scientific’languagethatneedsexactnesswhileChinese
isan ‘artistic’languagethatincludesawiderrangeof
content.Folowingthisprinciple,XukeptnotonlyfaithG
fulnessinthesensebutbeautyinsensibilityinhistransG
lation.(对他来说,英语是一种‘科学’语言,需要精确,而
汉语是一种‘艺术’语言,包含更广泛的内容.遵循这一
原则,他在翻译中既保持了意义上的忠实,又保持了情感
上的美.)”可知,本段主要讲述了许渊冲先生在他的翻译
中不仅追求“直”也追求“美”,由此可推知,他在翻译时是
极其严谨和注重细节的.fastidious意为“讲究的,挑剔
的”.]
3.C [推理判断题.根据第四段“Forexample,whenforG
merUSpresidentBarackObamatriedtobeginahealthG
careprojectduringhispresidency,somesenatorsdisaG
greedatfirst.ButafterreadingthepoemtitledFishingin
Snowtranslatedby Xu,onesenatorwassoimpressed
withthefishermansindependentthinkingthathechose
topartwiththepartylinetosupportObama.(例如,当美
国前总统BarackObama在其任期内试图启动一项医疗
保健项目时,一些参议员起初表示反对.但在阅读了许
翻译的«江雪»这首诗后,一位参议员被这位渔夫的独立
思考所打动,选择放弃党派路线,转而支持奥巴马.)”可
推知,本段是为了说明许渊冲的翻译技巧之高.]
4.D [推理判断题.根据第二段“Since1978,XuhadpubG
lishedmorethan100translatedworksinChinese,English
andFrench,reaching milionsofreadersathomeand
abroad.(自1978年以来,许出版了100多部中、英、法翻
译作 品,在 国 内 外 拥 有 数 百 万 读 者.)”以 及 最 后 一 段
“Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,Xumaintaineda
routine.Everydayhetranslatedabout1,000 words,
workingtil3to4a.m.,sleepingforabout3hoursand
gettingupat6a.m.tocontinue.‘Translationisameans
ofcommunicatingwiththewriterssoul.Asuddenflicker
ofagoodwordoragoodlinethrilseverypore(毛孔)and
everyinchofmyskin,’Xusaid.(取得如此大的成就后,
许保持着常规.他每天翻译大约1000个单词,工作到凌
晨3、4点,睡3个小时左右,早上6点起床继续工作.‘翻
511
译是与作者心灵交流的一种方式.突然闪现的一个好词
或一个好句子让我的每一个毛孔和每一寸皮肤都兴奋不
已.’许说.)”可 推 知,许 渊 冲 热 衷 于 翻 译 事 业 且 非 常
努力.]
B.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文.文章主要介绍了一直
在探索科技增产的徐淙祥,以及他对未来农业发展的展望,
旨在引导学生学习感动中国十大人物身上的优秀品质,树
立远大目标,努力实现梦想.
5.B [写作目的题.本题问及第一段中徐淙祥的话意在表
达什 么.根 据 题 干 关 键 信 息 “XuCongxiang”“byhis
words”可将解题线索定位至第一段中的“Inthe1970s,
mostofChinaswheatyieldpermuwasunder300kg.
Now,asfarmingtechnologycontinuestoimprove,our
grainoutputhasincreasedgreatly”.由此可知,在20世
纪70年代,我国大部分小麦的亩产量都低于300公斤.
现在,随着农业技术的不断提高,我们的粮食产量大大增
加.因此,徐淙祥通过小麦产量的增加凸显了中国农业
的进步.B项是对原文“farmingtechnologycontinuesto
improve”的同义转换.]
6.C [词义猜测题.本题问及第二段划线短语“embarking
on”是什么意思.划线短语在句中位于后半句,故可将解
题线索定位至划线短语所在句.该句意为,几十年前,还
不到20岁的徐淙祥高中刚毕业就回到家乡成为一名农
民,而这应是他随后几十年投身农业的开端.由此可推
断,划线短语所在分句应指他开始了探索科技增产新途
径的旅程.Starting“开始”符合语境.]
7.B [细节理解题.本题问及我们可以了解到徐淙祥孩子
的什么信息.根据题干关键信息“Xuschildren”可将解
题线索定位至第四段.根据该段第一句“UnderhisinfluG
ence...achievedfurtherbreakthroughs.”可知,在他的影
响下,徐淙祥的孩子们跟随他的脚步从事农业,并取得了
进一步的突破.B项是原文中“folowedhisfootstepsto
workinagriculture”的近义表达.]
8.C [推理判断题.本题问及以下哪个选项最能描述徐淙
祥.解答本题的关键在于寻找原文中描写徐淙祥的语言
或行为的相关内容.根 据 第 二 段 的 最 后 一 句 中 的“Xu
usedtosetoffintothefieldsatdawnandstayedthereunG
tilthemoonrose.”可知,徐淙祥常常黎明就去田间,一直
劳作到深夜,由此可知他工作努力.结合最后一段最后
一句中的“hewil makecontinuouseffortsinthisfield”可
知,徐淙祥还将在农业领域坚持不懈地努力.因此,徐淙
祥是一位工作努力、意志坚定的人.]
Ⅱ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.向我们介绍了科研
人员研究发现,打电话或视频等有声音的联系比文字更能
让社交有效,无论老朋友还是陌生人.
1.B [前文“Somanythingscankeepyoufromseeingyour
lovedonesinperson.Fortunately,thepeoplewemissare
oftenonlyaphonecalortextmessageaway.Butifyou
prefertypedoutmessagestoverbalones,youmaywant
toreconsider.(很多事情都可以阻止你亲眼见到你所爱
的人.幸运的是,我们错过的人通常只有一个电话或短
信的距离.但如果你更喜欢打信息而不是口头信息,你
可能想要重新考虑.)”指出生活中有许多事情阻止我们
见到我们所爱的人们.但是现代科技解决了那些问题,
并强调有声交流的效果更好.B项“科学研究表明,如果
你想和你与之交谈的人们保持亲近感,你应该给他们打
电话,而不是发送文字消息.”符合语境,内容契合上文,
使用研究结果强调有声交流的益处,并引出下文内容的
介绍.]
2.F [下文“Inone,theyasked200peopletomakepredicG
tionsaboutwhatitwouldbeliketoreconnectwithanold
friendbyemailorbyphone.AndthentheyassignedpeoG
pleatrandomtodooneortheother.(在其中一项中,他
们让200人对通过电子邮件或电话与老朋友重新建立联
系的感觉做出预测,然后随机安排人做其中一项或另一
项.)”可知,下文讲述了其中一项实验,因此推断空处应
是说明不止一项实验,F项“在这项研究中,研究人员使用
了各种实 验 来 测 量 连 通 性.”符 合 语 境,选 项 中 的 the
study指代前一段提到的“Anewstudy”.]
3.C [上文“Inone,theyasked200peopletomakepredicG
tionsaboutwhatitwouldbeliketoreconnectwithanold
friendbyemailorbyphone.AndthentheyassignedpeoG
pleatrandomtodooneortheother.(在其中一项中,他
们让200人对通过电子邮件或电话与老朋友重新建立联
系的感觉做出预测,然后随机安排人做其中一项或另一
项.)”可知,研究人员要求200人预测通过 Email和打电
话与老朋友取得联系,之后让他们去随机用其中一种去
验证.C项“尽管人们认为打电话会更尴尬,但听到别人的
声音实际上会让体验更好.”符合语境,表明实验结果,虽然
人们预期打电话可能会打扰到对方,但听到对方声音真是一
种更好的体验.契合上文,符合开头的实验结论.]
4.D [前文“SabrinaRomanoff,aHarvardtrainedclinical
psychologist,sayspeopletendtotextoremailinsteadof
calingbecauseofconvenience(哈佛大学临床心理学家萨
布丽娜罗曼诺夫(SabrinaRomanoff)说,人们倾向于发
短信或发电子邮件,而不是打电话,因为方便)”阐述了人
们倾向于 发 短 信 或 者 发 邮 件 的 理 由 是 方 便,下 文“RoG
manoffsaysthatinreality,textingcanmakeithardtodeG
terminethetruemeaningbehindaconversation.(罗曼诺
夫说,实际上,发短信会让人很难确定谈话背后的真正含
义.)”讲述罗曼诺夫又介绍了发短信的缺点,因此前后文
是转折关系,空处与前文意思一致,说明喜欢发短信的原
由,D 项“因为他们认为这是一种可控的交流方式,他们
可以‘准 确 地 表 达 信 息,而 不 会 被 对 方 意 想 不 到 的 打
断.’”符 合 语 境,承 接 上 文,与 前 文convenience是 因 果
关系.]
5.G [前 文 “Romanoffsaysthatinreality,textingcan
makeithardtodeterminethetruemeaningbehindaconG
versation.(罗曼诺夫说,实际上,发短信会让人很难确定
谈话背后的真正含义.)”讲述在现实生活中,发短信会让
人很难判断谈话背后的真实意思,说明发送文字消息的
弊端,下文“Eachpartyispresent,andtherefore,ableto
understandthemeaningbehindthecontentwithoutrumiG
natingontheendlesspossiblemeaningsbehindwordsand
punctuation.(每一方都在场,因此能够理解内容背后的
含义,而不必反复思考单词和标点符号背后无尽的可能
含义.)”介绍了打电话的优点.因此推断 G 项“她解释
说:‘考虑到信息的净影响,实际上打电话更方便.’”承上
启下,对比说明通电话和短消息相比的优点.]
新知预览2
基础知识———写与背
Ⅰ.一、1.routine 2.command 3.relevant 4.constant
5.available 6.nevertheless 7.potential 8.forecast
9.advocate 10.emphasis
二、1.normal abnormal 2.prefer preference
3.instantly instant 4.persuade 5.distance distant
6.resist 7.occupy 8.combination combine 9.predict
prediction 10.absence absent
Ⅱ.1.switchoff/on 2.earlyon 3.catchfire 4.inthis
sense 5.keepintouch(with) 6.响应;回应 7.注
意进展或发展过程;掌握线索 8.关心;忧虑;惦
念 9.而不是 10.从中获得益处
Ⅲ.1.howtosleepbetter 2.beforemostnewhomesbegin
tousethisnewtechnology 3.Itcouldevenbearguedthat
4.madeitpossibleforfriendsandfamilytokeepintouch
Ⅳ.1.wilbeflying 2.wilbewriting 3.wilbestaying
4.willink/belinking 5.wilstudy/bestudying 6.wilbe
raining
基础技能———练与悟
Ⅰ.1.potential 2.available 3.persuade 4.abnormal
5.efficient 6.relevant 7.resist 8.crime 9.forecast
10.occupation
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