内容正文:
假期作业14 DIVERSECULTURES
No.1 基础知识———写与背
Ⅰ.写作句型练
(十四) 同位语从句
同位语从句在句子中作同位语,它一般要
放在主句中某些名词(如thought,idea,fact,
news,suggestion,plan,belief,doubt,fear)之
后,说明这些名词的含义.引导同位语从句的
连接 词 有 that,whether 或 连 接 副 词 how,
when,where,why 等,但 大 多 数 是 由 that
引导.
1.Wehavetakenhissuggestionthatweshould
同位语(从句)
haveasecondtry.
2.ItisnotasecretthatMaryhasfalenin
同位语(从句)
lovewithTom.
1.地球是圆的这种看法并不新鲜.
2.他必须回答他是否同意此事这一问题.
3.我不知道他什么时候回来.
4.真相终于大白,他原来是一个小偷.
5.众所周知,海水是不能饮用的.
Ⅱ.单词分类记
一、写作单词
1. /əd̍mIt/vi.&vt.承认;准许进入
(或加入)
2. /ə̍kɜː(r)/vi.发生;出现
3. /̍ftəwədz/adv.以后;后来
4. /I̍skeIp/vi.&vt.逃走;逃脱;避
开n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱
5. /maI̍nɒrəti/n.少数民族;少数派;
少数人
6. /pə̍sentIdʒ/n.百分率;百分比
7. /̍klaImət/n.气候
8. /mə̍tIəriəl/n.材 料;布 料;素 材
adj.物质的;实际的
9. /̍kləʊðI/n.衣服;服装
10. /niːt/adj.极 好 的;整 洁 的;整
齐的
二、拓展单词
1. adj.不同的;多种多样的→
n.差异(性);不同(点);多样性
2. n.机会;运气→fortunateadj.幸
运的→ adj.不幸的
3. adv.肯定;确实→ adj.
肯定的;确定的
4. adj.(有关)历史的→history
n.历史
5. adj.引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒
素的→ n.毒物;毒药;毒素vt.毒
死;毒害
6. vt.包;裹;折叠vt.&vi.(可)折
小;(可)叠平→unfoldv.打开
7. n.作品集;收集物;收藏品→colG
lectv.收集;收藏
8. v.定居→settlern.定居者→setG
tlementn.定居点
9.constructv.建筑;修建→ n.建筑;
结构
10. v.合身;适合n.西装;套装 →
suitableadj.合适的;适宜的
11. v.包含;含有→ n.容器;
集装箱;货柜
Ⅲ.短语双向记
1. (朝)前进;(向)去
2. 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
3. 谋生
4. 一系列或一连串(事件)
5. 除了外(还);此外
6. 导致;引起
96
7.tonamebutafew
8.(at)firsthand
9.openup
10.belocatedin
Ⅳ.经典句式记
1.疑问词+插入语+陈述语气
Where he
lives?
你认为他住在哪儿?
2.Itislikelythat...可能
the
teacherwil askussomequestionsabout
grammartomorrow.
很有可能老师明天问我们几个有关语法的
问题.
3.独立主格结构
Thereareso many peopleontheplayG
ground- loudlyand
widely.
操场上有很多人,一些疯狂地高声欢呼.
4.非限制性定语从句
Theyoungteacherinventedanewteaching
way, aheateddiscussion
abouteducation.
这位年轻老师创新了一种教学方法,这掀起
了对于教育的热烈讨论.
5.notonly置于句首
hisdrawing
in China,butalsoin western
countries.
他的绘画不仅仅在中国受欢迎,在西方国家
也是如此.
Ⅴ.写作句型采撷———邮件
DearDavid,
(得知你计划来中国游玩)inthecompanyof
yourfamily,Imwritingtoextendmysincere
welcometoyou.[写信目的]
WhattopsmyrecommendationsisBeiG
jing, (你在哪里
可以参观颐和园)andclimbtheGreatWal.
Beijing,thecapitalofChina,
(是很多文物的所在地),among
whichtheForbiddenCityenjoysthehighest
popularity.Thesceneryhereissobeautiful
andtheclimateissopleasant
(它吸引了源源不断的游客)from
alovertheworld.[介绍景点]
Iwilbemorethandelighted
(如果你觉得我的推荐有用的
话).Wishyouanunforgettabletime.[表示
欢迎]
Yourssincerely,
LiHua
No.2 基础技能———练与悟
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Researchhasfoundthathavingaccessto
(不同的)teachersisbeneficialfor
children.
2.His (使命,任务)wasto
helpyoungpeopleinhislocalcommunity.
3.Thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudents
whowishto (寻找)theirown
answers.
4.Onlya (少数)ofpeople
supportthesenewlaws.
5.HongKongisaninternational
(金融的)center.
6.Thelibraryhasa (收集)of
80,000booksand90kindsofnewspapers
andmagazines.
7.Theseflowerswilnotgrowincold
(气候).Otherwise,theywildie.
8.Despiteso manyproblems,mostofthem
havebeen (解决)withsatisG
faction.
9.Thebabysmother (逃脱)from
thefirealongwithtwootherchildren.
10.Nomoneycanbespentonthe
(建设)andoperationofthetram.
07
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.CandidatesmustsatisfythegeneralcondiG
tionsfor (admit).
2.Whatothersportsdoyoulikeapart
footbal?
3. isbetterforpeopletohaveanexG
tra20Gminutewalkeveryday.
4.Iwil (definite)choosetostudy
thiscourseasbeingascientisthasbeenmy
dream.
5.Those whohavecommittedacrime wil
neverescape (punish).
6.ItattractsstudentshomeandabroadbeG
causeofitsabundantcultural (diG
verse).
7.It (claim)thatsomedoctors
wereworking80hoursaweek.
8.Someplantsare (poison)and
shouldbehandledwithcare.
Ⅲ.用所给短语的正确形式填空
bringabout;makeafortune;underconstrucG
tion;earnaliving;turninto;leaveout;check
out;besuitablefor;liein;settledown
1.Mr.Wang,oneofthe “Ten Great Moral
Models”,saidthathappiness
helpingothersinneed.
2.AgreateffortmustbemadebeforetheideG
alscanbe reality.
3.Thosewithakindandgenerousheart
thispositionofthenonG
profitorganization.
4.Heputal hissavingsintothiscompany
and inbusiness.
5.Dont anynecessaryinformaG
tiononyourscholarshipapplicationform.
6.For manyyears,the majorityofChinese
people byworking
hardinthecompany.
7.Itisdifficultfortheimmigrants
inaforeigncountry.
8.Thenewinternationalairportisstil
.
9.Itcan aphysicalemotional,or
mentalchangeinpeople.
10.Theyfoldedtheirclothes,packedupand
then ofthehotel.
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1.对这件事不仅教授们有自己的看法,学生们
也有自己的看法.(notonly置于句首)
Notonly their
ownideasonthematter,butthestudents
havetheirs,too.
2.中 国 在 10 年 内 可 能 实 现 四 个 现 代 化.
(likely)
ChinawilrealG
izefour modernizations(现 代 化 )in 10
years.
3.你认为他什么时候从美国回来? (插入语)
4.一个小男孩领着路,我们很容易就找到了那
个邮局.(独立主格)
,wefoundthepostofG
ficeeasily.
5.我们去了一家特色饭店,在那里我们享受了
一顿 美 味 可 口 的 晚 餐.(非 限 制 性 定 语
从句)
Wewenttoaspecialrestaurant,
.
Ⅴ.基础语法练(省略)
将下列句子改写成省略句
1.Justtakeashortbreakifyouaretired.
→Justtakeashortbreak .
2.Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirst
aidcoursebutmostofthestudentshavent
doneafirstaidcourse.
→Onlysomeofthestudentshavedonea
firstaidcoursebut .
3.JohnwilgoabroadtotravelbuthisbrothG
erwilnotgoabroadtotravel.
→John wil goabroadtotravelbuthis
brother .
17
4.Shestoodatthegateasifshewaswaiting
forsomeone.
→Shestoodatthegateasif .
5.Whenhewasin America,hemademany
friendswithstudentsfromdifferentcounG
tries.
→ ,he made many
friendswithstudentsfromdifferentcounG
tries.
6.Hewontattendthepartyevenifheisinvited.
→Hewontattendtheparty
.
7.Mistakes,ifthereareany,shouldbecorrected.
→Mistakes, ,shouldbecorrected.
8.Thebookthatheborrowedyesterdayis
wel worthreading.
→ yesterdayiswel worth
reading.
No.3 素养提升———感与知
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Specialists(专家)saythatitisnoteasy
togetusedtolifeinanewculture.“Culture
shock”occurswhentheyaretalkingaboutthe
feelingsthatpeoplehaveinanewenvironG
ment.Thespecialistssaythattherearethree
stagesofcultureshock.Inthefirststage,the
newcomersliketheirnewenvironment.Then,
whenthefreshexperiencedies,theybeginto
hatethecity,thecountry,thepeople,andeveG
rythingelse.Inthelaststage,thenewcomers
begintogetusedtotheirsurroundingsand,as
aresult,enjoytheirlifemore.
Therearesomeevidentfactorsinculture
shock.Theweathermaybeunpleasant.The
customsmaybediverse.Thepublicservice
systems—thetelephoneservices,thepostofG
fice,orthetransportation—maybedifficultto
workout.Thesimplestthingsseemtobethe
biggestproblems.ThelanguagemaybediffiG
cult.
Whofeelscultureshock? Everyonedoes
inthisorthatway.ButcultureshocksurpriG
sesmostpeople.Veryoftenthepeoplehaving
theworstcultureshockarethosewhonever
hadany difficultiesintheirown country.
Comingtoanewcountry,thesepeoplefind
theydonothavethesamepositionsasthey
hadbackhome.Theyfindthemselveswithout
anyidentity.TheyhavetobuildanewselfG
image.
Cultureshockgivesrisetoafeelingof
helplessness.Thisfeeling maybehomesickG
ness.Whenhomesick,peoplefeellikestaying
insideal thetime.They wantto protect
themselvesfromthestrangeenvironment,and
createanescapeinsidetheirroomforasense
ofsecurity(安全).Thisescapedoessolvethe
problemofcultureshockforashorttime,but
itdoesnothingto makethepersonfamiliar
withtheculture.GettingtoknowthenewenG
vironment and gaining experience are the
longGtermsolutionstotheproblemofculture
shock.
1.Whatcouldhappenwhenpeoplemovetoa
newcountry?
A.They maygetusedtotheirnewsurG
roundingswithdifficulty.
B.They mayhave wel preparedforthe
newsurroundings.
C.Theymaygetusedtothecultureofthe
countryquickly.
D.TheymayneverbefamiliarwiththeculG
tureofthecountry.
2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefolG
lowingfactorsdoesntgiverisetoculture
shock?
A.Thelanguage.
B.Theweatherconditionsandcustoms.
C.Thepublicservicesystems.
D.Thehomesickness.
27
3.Accordingtothepassage,whohavethe
worstcultureshock?
A.Peoplewhoarenotsuccessfulathome.
B.Peoplewhoareverysuccessfulathome.
C.Peoplewhoearnmuchmoneyabroad.
D.Peoplewhoarefamousabroad.
4.Accordingtothewriter,whatisthebest
waytoovercomecultureshock?
A.Toprotectourselvesfromtheunfamiliar
environment.
B.TodevelopastrangesenseofselfGproG
tection.
C.Togetfamiliarwiththenewculture.
D.Toreturntoourowncountry.
B
IwasbornandraisedinEnglandinaculG
turewhererespectingotherpeoplesprivacy
and“keepingyourselftoyourself”werevalG
ued.SpeakingtostrangerswasnotencourG
aged.Peopleweremosthospitable(好客的)
andfriendly.
However,Ihavebeenluckyenoughto
spendsometimeinbothItalyandtheUS,
whereIfoundtraditionsofhospitalityandpoG
litenessverydifferent.
I experienced Italian hospitality firstG
handonacrowdedrailwaycarriagetraveling
fromGenoatoFlorence.SinkinggratefulyinG
toanemptyseat,IwasscoldedinrapidItalian
byagentleman who wasreturningtothe
seat—ithadnotbeen “spare”afteral,soI
apologizedinEnglish,andgotuptoalowhim
backintotheseat.Thegentlemanobviously
had no understanding ofthe EnglishlanG
guage,butherealizedmysincereapology.He
smiledandgesturedformetoremaininthe
seat,andhehimselfremainedstandinginthe
corridorfortherestofthejourney.Theother
passengerssmiledandnoddedatmeandmade
mefeelquitewelcomeamongthem.Ifeelthat
ifthishadbeeninEngland,aforeignerwho
madeamistakewouldnotalwaysbesokindly
treated.
Transportalsoshowedthe differences
betweentheEnglishandAmericanculture.I
flewto New Yorkonaplane with mainly
Englishpassengers.Wesattogetherinnear
silence.Nobodyspoketomenor,asIexpecG
ted,toanyoneelsetheydidnotknow.They
feltitwasnotpolitetointerruptsomeone
elses privacy.However,when Itraveled
acrossthe US,whetherbyplaneor GreyG
houndbus,Iwasnevershortofconversation.
Conversationwasgoingonalaroundmeand
whoeversatnexttomewashappytointroG
ducethemselvesandask meaboutmyself.
Theyobviouslyfeltitwouldhavebeenrude
nottospeaktoanotherperson,whetherthey
werestrangersornot.
5.Whatdo weknow aboutthepassengers
whentheauthorwastravelinginItaly?
A.TheywerealonthesideofthegentleG
man.
B.Theyallaughedattheauthorforhis
mistake.
C.Theywouldnotbearamistakelikethe
authorsinpublic.
D.Theyalshowedtheirunderstandingof
theauthorsmistake.
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “scolded”
inParagraph3referto?
A.Shouted. B.Surprised.
C.Praised. D.Blamed.
7.WhydidEnglishpassengerssitinnearsiG
lenceaccordingtothelastparagraph?
A.Everybodywasdeeplylostinthought.
B.Theywerealstrangerstoeachother.
C.RespectingprivacywasvaluedinEngG
land.
D.Theyweretootiredtospeaktoanyone.
37
8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.UnderstandEachOther
B.TheImportanceofPrivacy
C.DifferentWaysofHospitalityandPoliteG
ness
D.MyUnforgettableTravelingExperience
Abroad
Ⅱ.阅读填句(七选五)
DifferentCultures
TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestreG
alydistinguisheachotheralot. 1
TheoriginoftheEasterncultureismainG
lyfromtwocountries:ChinaandIndia.Both
ofthetwoculturesaredevelopedbyrivers—
theYelowRiverinChinaandtheHinduRivG
erinIndia. 2
Whenthetwomotherriversgavebirthto
theEasternculture,anotherfamousculture
wasbroughtupontheMesopotamianPlain—
the MesopotamianCivilization.ThiscivilizaG
tionlaterondevelopedintotheculturesof
AncientGreeceand Ancient Rome. 3
LiketheChineseculture,theEuropeanculG
turealsocrossed waters.WhentheBritish
settleddownin America,theirculturewent
withthem overthe Atlantic Ocean.Sothe
Americanculturedoesntdistinguishfromthe
Europeanculturealot.
4 TakethelanguagesystemforexG
ample.IntheEast,mostlanguagesbelongto
thepictographiclanguagewhilethe Western
languagesaremostlybasedontheLatinsysG
tem.Othercauseslikehumanracedifference
countaswel.Butwhatsmore,duetothefar
distanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEast
and West,thetwoculturesseldom commuG
nicateuntilrecentcenturies.Sotheygrewup
totalyintheirownwayswithalmostnoinG
terference(干扰)fromtheother.
Thedifferencesareeverywhere. 5
Butdifferentculturesmaketheworldofthe
21stcenturymorecolorful.Theculturalgap
shouldnotbetheobstacletothecivilizationof
humanbeings.Itoughttobethemotivationof
ourgoingfarther.
A.Letusworktogethertokeepavarietyof
cultures.
B.Oneimportantthingistolearnaboutother
cultures.
C.AndthesetwoarewelGknownasthebase
oftheEuropeanculture.
D.Atthesametime,someotherdifferences
addtotheculturaldifferences.
E.Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwo
separatesystemsonthewhole.
F.Theyhelpedthetwoculturesdevelopfor
centuriesandformtheirownstyles.
G.Theyareobviousandaffectpeoplesways
ofthinkingandtheirviewsoftheworld.
FaceChanging(变脸)
Itissaidthattheoriginoffacechanging
hassomethingtodowiththeresistanceof
wildbeasts(野 兽).Inancienttimes,when
comingacrossaferocious(凶猛的)animal,
peopleusedtodraw differentpatternson
theirfacestoscaretheanimalawayandkeep
themselvessafe.Lateron,suchtrickwasapG
pliedtothestageperformanceofSichuan
Opera,andtheunique(独 特 的)artofface
changinghasthuscomeintobeing.
47
5.F [根据本段小标题“Theyremodestandhumble.”可
知,本段主要讲述优秀的人都很谦逊有礼.故设空处也
应与优 秀 谦 逊 有 关.F 项 中 的 “modest”为 小 标 题 中
“modest”的同词复现.F项“一个优秀的人对自我保持着
自信而 谦 逊 的 看 法.”既 呼 应 了 本 段 主 题,又 引 出 了
下文.]
Ⅲ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文.文章主要讲述了张
桂梅为中国偏远山区教育事业做出的杰出贡献.
1.wasforced [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致.分析
句子可知,设空处为宾语从句的谓语,根据主句的时态和
此处语境可知应用一般过去时;a13GyearGoldgirl与force
之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为单数名词,谓语
也应用单数.故填 wasforced.]
2.being [考查动词Ging形式.句中for为介词,后接动词
Ging形式作宾语.故填being.]
3.tobuild [考查动词不定式.inspiresb.todosth.意为
“激励某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾补.故填tobuild.]
4.where [考查定语从句.分析句子可知,设空处引导非
限制性定语从句,先行词为afreepublichighschool,关系
词在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词 where引导定
语从句.]
5.thousands [考 查 数 词.thousandsof意 为 “数 以 千 计
的”.故填thousands.]
6.to/into [考查介词.beadmittedto/into...为 固 定 搭
配,意为“被接收”.故填to或into.]
7.wel [考查副词.dowelin意为“在方面做得好”.
故填 wel.]
8.An [考查冠词.mother为可数名词,此处泛指“一个受
过良好教育的、负责任的母亲”,且educated的发音以元
音音素开头,应用不定冠词an.注意句首单词首字母大
写.故填 An.]
9.moving [考查形容词.分析句子可知,设空处作定语修
饰stories,意为“令人感动的”,应用形容词.故填 movG
ing.]
10.contribution(s) [考查名词.设空处作介词for的宾
语,应用名词;contribution意为“贡献”时为可数名词,但
设空处前面有限定词her,所以此处用单复数均可.故
填contribution(s).]
假期作业14
基础知识———写与背
Ⅰ.1.Theideathattheearthisroundisnotanewone.
2.Hemustanswerthequestion whetherheagreestoit
ornot.
3.Ihavenoideawhenhewilbeback.
4.Thewholetruthcameoutatlastthathewasathief.
5.Thefactthatseawatercannotbeusedfordrinkingis
knowntoal.
Ⅱ.一、1.admit 2.occur 3.afterwards 4.escape 5.miG
nority 6.percentage 7.climate 8.material 9.clothing
10.neat
二、1.diverse diversity 2.fortune unfortunate 3.defiG
nitely definite 4.historical 5.poisonous poison
6.fold 7.colection 8.settle 9.construction 10.suit
11.contain container
Ⅲ.1.headto 2.seekonesfortune 3.earnaliving
4.seriesof 5.apartfrom 6.bringabout 7.仅举几例
8.第一手;亲自 9.开发;开辟 10.位于
Ⅳ.1.doyouthink 2.Itislikelythat 3.somecheering
4.whichstarted 5.Notonlyis;popular
Ⅴ.HavinglearnedthatyouplantopayavisittoChina
whereyoucanvisittheSummerPalace ishometoanumG
berofculturalrelics thatitattractsaconstantstreamof
travelers ifyoufindmyrecommendationhelpful
基础技能———练与悟
Ⅰ.1.diverse 2.mission 3.seek 4.minority 5.finanG
cial 6.colection 7.climates/climate 8.settled/solved
9.escaped 10.construction
Ⅱ.1.admission 2.from 3.It 4.definitely
5.beingpunished 6.diversity 7.wasclaimed 8.poisonG
ous
Ⅲ.1.liesin 2.turnedinto 3.aresuitablefor
4.madeafortune 5.leaveout 6.earnedaliving 7.to
settledown 8.underconstruction 9.bringabout
10.checkedout
Ⅳ.1.dotheprofessorshave 2.Itislikelythat 3.When
doyouthinkheiscomingbackfrom America? 4.Aboy
leadingtheway 5.whereweenjoyedadeliciousdinner
Ⅴ.1.iftired 2.mosthavent 3.wilnot 4.waitingfor
someone 5.WheninAmerica 6.evenifinvited 7.ifany
8.Thebookheborrowed
素养提升———感与知
Ⅰ.A.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了
当人们进入一个新的环境后,哪些因素会引起文化冲击,哪
些人会感受到文化冲击,以及文化冲击的影响和应对方法.
1.A [细节理解题.根据第一段首句“Specialistssaythat
itisnoteasytogetusedtolifeinanewculture.”和下文
对文化冲击的三个阶段的陈述可知,当人们搬到一个新
的国家时,他们可能很难适应新环境.]
2.D [细节理解题.根据第二段中的“Theweathermaybe
unpleasant.Thecustomsmaybediverse.ThepublicservG
icesystems...maybedifficulttoworkout...ThelanG
guagemaybedifficult.”可知,天气条件、习俗、公共服务
系统和 语 言 都 会 引 起 文 化 冲 击,所 以 A、B、C 三 项 可
排除.]
3.B [推理判断题.根据 第 三 段 第 四 句“Veryoftenthe
peoplehavingtheworstcultureshockarethosewhonevG
erhadanydifficultiesintheirowncountry.”可知,最能感
受到文化冲击的人是在自己国家中从未遇到过任何困难
的人,由此可推测,在国内很成功的人最能感受到文化
冲击.]
4.C [推理判断题.根据最后一段尾句“Gettingtoknow
thenewenvironmentandgainingexperiencearethelongG
termsolutionstotheproblemofcultureshock.”可知,熟
悉新环境、获得经验是长远解决文化冲击的办法,也就是
说解决文化冲击的最好办法是熟悉新文化.]
B.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文.作者通过自己的旅行
经历说明了不同文化中人们表现“好客”和“礼貌”的方式不
一样.
5.D [推理判断题.根据第三段中的“TheotherpassenG
gerssmiledandnoddedatmeandmademefeelquitewelG
comeamongthem.(其他乘客对我微笑着点了点头,让我
在他们中间感到很受欢迎.)”可知,车厢里的其他乘客都
对作者点头微笑,说明他们理解作者的错误,对作者的错
误很宽容.]
6.D [词义猜测题.根据划线词所在句中的“soIapoloG
gizedinEnglish,andgotuptoalowhimbackintothe
seat”可知,作者道歉说明作者被批评,划线词是“责备”的
意思,与blame意为一致.]
7.C [细节理解题.根据最后一段中的“Theyfeltitwas
notpolitetointerruptsomeoneelsesprivacy.(他们觉得
打断别人的隐私是不礼貌的.)”可知,英国乘客都不说话
是因为他们国家的传统认为打扰别人的清净是很不礼貌
的,因此英国重视尊重别人不受干扰的状态.]
8.C [主旨大意题.通读全文,尤其是第二段“However,I
havebeenluckyenoughtospendsometimeinbothItaly
andtheUS,whereIfoundtraditionsofhospitalityand
politenessverydifferent.(然而,我很幸运地在意大利和
美国待了一段时间,在那里我发现好客和礼貌的传统非
常不同.)”可知,作者通过描述自己在意大利和美国的旅
行经历来说明不同文化中人们表现“好客”和“礼貌”的方
式不一样.故C项“好客和礼貌的不同方式”切题.]
Ⅱ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要讲述了东
西方文化的差异及其形成的原因.
1.E [该空前一句提到“东西方文化确实有很大的差异”,
后面说文化不同的原因,可知.]
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2.F [根据该空前一句可知,两种文化分别由中国的黄河
和印度的印度河所孕育,由此可知,这里写的是河流对于
文化的影响,可知.]
3.C [上文说这种文明后来发展成为古希腊和古罗马文
明,C项“众所周知,这两种文明正是欧洲文化的基础”是
对上文的总结.]
4.D [该空后一句“TakethelanguagesystemforexamG
ple.”是以语言系统来举例讲述了文化间的差异,由此可
知本段主 要 是 以 其 他 方 面 的 不 同 来 说 明 文 化 的 不 同,
可知.]
5.G [由该空前一句“Thedifferencesareeverywhere.”以
及空后的内容讲述了文化的不同对世界的影响可知.]
假期作业15
基础知识———写与背
Ⅰ.1.Whenthebelrang,thepersonwaswaitinginhis
seat.
2.Threemonthshadgonebybeforesheknewit.
3.Shewentonwalkingandwalkinguntilshecametothe
endoftheriver.
4.My motherwascookingwhileIwasdoing myhomeG
work.
5.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.
Ⅱ.一、1.mental 2.inteligent 3.data 4.desire 5.sigG
nal 6.lack 7.otherwise 8.beyond 9.keen 10.shalG
low 11.attach
二、1.determined determine 2.disappointed disappointG
ing 3.independently independent 4.recycle recyclable
5.argue argument 6.regularly regular 7.limited
limitless limit
Ⅲ.1.carryon 2.onboard 3.resultin 4.runout 5.so
asto(dosth.) 6.提供生活所需 7.抱着的希望
8.弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白 9.所以;结果(是) 10.最后
Ⅳ.1.Come;and 2.enoughtodrive 3.Whatonehas
learned 4.Folowingtheexample 5.tocarry
Ⅴ.whetheritisnecessarytocarryoutouterspaceexploraG
tion asitisofbenefittomanyfields thesuccessofspace
explorationisachieved whicharefarbeyondourimaginaG
tion
基础技能———练与悟
Ⅰ.1.procedure(s) 2.gravity 3.inteligent 4.universe
5.launched 6.sufficient 7.current 8.facilities 9.moG
nitor 10.resource
Ⅱ.1.to 2.global 3.limited 4.from 5.togo
6.argument 7.regularly 8.on 9.disappointed
10.working
Ⅲ.1.arerunningout 2.inthehopeof 3.carriedon
4.figureout 5.asaresult 6.resultedin 7.Inclosing
8.providefor
Ⅳ.1.Studyhardandyouaresuretosucceed 2.Tokeep
healthy 3.Notknowinghertelephonenumber 4.enough
moneytobuythecar 5.WhatIneed
Ⅴ.1.togo 定语 2.Toprovide 目的状语 3.tofind
结果状语 4.toget 定语 5.tosee 原因状语 6.to
carry 定语 7.tounderstand 状语 8.tolive 定语
素养提升———感与知
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章探讨了一种未
来宇航员可能在太空中获取食物的新方法:利用细菌将小
行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物,类似于酸奶或粉
末.如果成功,这种方法可以在小行星上大规模生产食物,
为未来的太空探索提供支持.
1.A [根 据 空 前 “WhileastronautsontheInternational
SpaceStationhaveexperimentedwithgrowingsaladleavG
es,thevastmajorityoffoodconsumedinspaceistransG
portedfromEarth.(虽然国际空间站上的宇航员已经尝
试种植沙拉叶,但在太空中消费的大部分食物都是从地
球运输过去的.)”和空后“ThatswhyJoshuaPearceat
Western Universityin Ontario,Canada,decidedtotry
usingbacteriatochangecarbonGcontaining(含碳的)maG
terialfrom minorplanetsintoeatablefood.(这就是为什
么加拿大安大略省西安大略大学的约书亚皮尔斯决定
尝试使用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食
物.)”可知,太空使用的大部分食物来自地球,因此更加
遥远且持久的任务是不可能的,因为食物无法供应,因此
推断 A项“这对于更远距离、更长时间的任务来说是不可
能的.”符合语境,并且引出下文的解决办法———尝试使
用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物.]
2.E [根据前文“Thisprocesshasnotbeencarriedoutyet
onrealminorplanets.ButPearcesteamhasperformed
similarexperimentsusingbacteriatobreakdownplastic
fromleftoverinarmyfoodsupplybags.(这一过程尚未在
真正的行星上进行.但皮尔斯的团队已经进行了类似的
实验,使用细菌分解军队食品供应袋中的塑料残留物.)”
和后文“Thecolectivebacteriaenduplookingsomething
likeabrownmilkshakeandtheteamhasalsoexperimenG
tedwithdryingoutthismaterialtoproducesomething
likeyogurtorevenapowder.(最终的细菌混合物看起来
像一种棕色奶昔,团队还尝试将这种物质干燥,以生产出
类似酸奶或粉末的东西.)”可知,本段讲述实验过程,因
此E项“他们在没有氧气的情况下加热塑料,然后将其喂
给一种以碳为食的细菌混合物.”符合语境,承上启下.]
3.D [根据后文“‘Wedidanutritional(营养的)research
anditturnedouttobealmostaperfectfood,’hesays.
‘Itturnedoutthatthebacteriamixturethatwewere
using,moreorless,hasathirdeachforthethreemajor
nutrientspeopleneed.’(‘我们进行了营养研究,结果发
现它几乎是一种完美的食物,’他说.‘我们使用的细菌混合
物中,几乎三分之一是人类所需的三大主要营养素之一.’)”
可知,此处是一位研究人员介绍的研究结果,结合前文应是
JoshuaPearce说的话,因此推断 D项“虽然这听起来可能不
太美味,但皮尔斯表示,这些细菌非常适合人类的需求.”符
合语境,承接前一段,介绍实验的食物.]
4.G [根据前文“Iftheideaissound,a500GmetreGwidemiG
norplanetsimilartoBennu,whichNASAvisitedin2020,
couldfeedbetween600and17,000astronautsforayear,
saysPearce.(如果这个想法是可行的,皮尔斯表示,一个
类似2020年 NASA 访问的贝努小行星的500米宽的小
行星,每年可以为600到17000名宇航员提供食物.)”可
知,实验成功后可以在一个500米宽的小行星上,每年可
以为600到17000名宇航员提供食物,因此推断G项“具
体数字取决于细菌分解小行星碳物质的效率.”符合语
境,与前文语境相符.]
5.B [根据前文“AfulyworkingminorplanetsfoodproG
jectwouldrequirean‘industrialGsizedsmartmachine’in
space.Thiswouldtakealongtimetogeteverythingin
place.(一个完整的行星食物项目将需要一个‘工业级智
能机器’在太空中运行.这需要很长时间才能将一切安
排妥当.)”和后文“Theyplantostartoffwithcoaland
thenmovingtospacerocksthathavefalentoEarth.(他
们计划从煤炭开始,然后转向落到地球上的太空岩石.)”
可知,在太空运行的“工业级智能机器”需要很长时间才
能安排妥当,研究人员计划从煤炭开始研究,因此推断 B
项“因此,研究人员希望在来年在较低水平上测试这个想
法.”符合语境,前后文是因果关系.]
Ⅱ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要讲述了中
国首位女航天员刘洋参与太空探索任务的故事.文章旨在
引导学生了解中国的航天员,树立学生的航天强国意识.
1.C [考 查 名 词 词 义 辨 析.根 据 文 章 第 一 句 中 的“with
threeastronauts”和设空处所在句中的“thethreememG
bersincludeafemaleastronaut”,可推知,此处指参与神
舟十四号上的工作人员.]
2.B [考查名词词义辨析.根据空后的“beingChinasfirst
femaleastronaut”可知,刘洋是中国首位女航天员.结合
常识可知,成为航天员本身就是一件值得骄傲的事情.
由此可推知,成为国家首位女宇航员对于刘洋来说应该
是一种独一无二的荣誉.]
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