衔接点18 高中题型之选词填空钓鱼方略（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

衔接点18 高中题型之选词填空钓鱼方略 （初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 上海初中选词填空，“五选四”。2个语段，突出对考查在语篇中整体感知和运用单词的能力，词汇涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词及短语。 上海高中词汇填空为“十一选十”需要掌握不同词汇的正确用法，包括词义的辨析、词性的使用等，还需要根据上下文的语境来确定所填词汇的准确意义和形式等。特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 选词填空是上海中考必考题型之一，其目的是旨在考查学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本结构的分析能力，也是容易得分的题型之一。通常情况下选词填空是英语综合试卷中词汇与语法相结合的一部分，在具体解题过程中，主要是判断所给单词的词性，再结合具体的句子结构需要进行选择。 【示例】 A．tradition  B．similar  C．communication   D．spread    E．hear of The Origins of April Fools Day What is April Fools Day and where does it come from？It is commonly believed that in medieval（中世纪） France，New Year was celebrated on 1April．Then in 1562，a new calendar was introduced，changing New Year to 1January．With no modern 36 ，news travelled slowly and new ideas were often questioned．Many people did not 37 the change，while some just forgot．These people were called fools．People send invitations to‘New Year'parties that were not existed and other jokes were played．Then a 38 of playing jokes on April 1st started．The custom finally 39 to England and Scotland，and it was later transported across the Atlantic to the American and the French．April Fools Day has now developed into an international festival of fun，with different nationalities celebrating the day in special ways． A．strangers   B．balanced  C．experienced  D．catch     E．knowing April Fools Day around the World In France and Italy，if someone plays a trick on you，you are the‘fish of April'．By the month of April fish have only just hatched（孵化） and are easy to 40 ．Children stick paper fish to their friends'backs and chocolate fish are found in the shops． In Scotland，April Fools Day lasts for two days!The second day is called‘Taily Day'．Often a sign saying‘kick me'is stuck onto someone's back without 41 ． Today，Americans and the British play small tricks on friends and 42 on April 1st．A common trick is to point to a friend's shoe and say"Your shoe is not tied．"When they look down，they are laughed at．Schoolchildren might tell a friend that school has been cancelled．A bag of flour might be 43 on the top of a door so that when the‘victim'opens the door，the flour empties over their head． Most April Fool jokes are in good fun and not meant to harm anyone．The best trick is the one where everyone laughs，especially the person upon whom the joke has been played． 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 词汇填空题语篇约350词。文章首句不设空；一般每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群； 方框中词汇难度中高级，以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；逻辑方面考察上下文联系。 考点清单 · 解题思路一：名词的确定 动词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例： 1）Researchers had two groups of 20 people each listen to a 30-minute recording that included a sequence of numbers. 2）However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food labels at the supermarket. · 解题思路二：动词的确定 动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。例： 1) In particular, when older patients complained of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. 2）Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children · 解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定 非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。 有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例： 1）He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply divided by his campaign against Clinton. 2）They tried to protect the wagon trains from Indian attacks.  · 解题思路四：形容词的确定 形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例： 1) This is a city that knows how to be both ancient and modern. 2）The media provide information to millions of people, but they are not yet so efficient at providing leaders with feedback from the public. · 解题思路五：副词的确定 副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等； 1）These stations will adequately prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets. 2）In fact, the city is one of the most vibrant, international cities in Europe and is regularly voted as one of the most desirable places to live in the world. · 解题思路六：熟词生义 You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization.（2017春考模拟卷） A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate Gmirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural · 解题思路七：一词多性 These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best. A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting 【答案】G 【解析】本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”结合搭配enable sb to do sth可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。需注意function可以做名词（“功能”），也可做不及物动词动词用（“起作用”）。 · 解题思路八：构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合） A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J.soulles K. squeeze More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. 【解析】以上两空均所填入单词均涉及到构词法知识。 43.J  形容词soulless 没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词design。根据前半句“The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly...”可知美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的； 47.B  形容词adjustable可调节的；本句中该词作为定语修饰名词desk lamp，意为“可调节的台灯”，与后句中“regular adjustments by the user” 形成呼应。 A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E. improperly F. life-threatening G. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vital Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. · 解题思路九：固定搭配 在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如： 1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account） 2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? (commit) 3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014高考） · 解题步骤： 1、浏览全文，把握文脉。答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案，应通篇浏览短文，浏览的速度应根据考生本人的情况而定，以能看懂为标准，必要时可以划出关键词句。 2、审读选项，辨析词性。由于给出的选项，每个只能选用一次，所以它对学生词汇的要求很高，务必搞清每个词的词性，有的词可能是多种词性，因为接下来的每一个空格都必须要和句子所要求的词性相一致。 3、先易后难，上下求索。做题是应仔细分析句子结构，明白所填入的词汇在句中扮演的角色，对于一些能迅速找到答案的先填入，从而把选择范围大大缩小，降低阅读难度。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。 4、复读检查，通顺逻辑。填完之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查，仔细推敲，注意所选的答案填入空白处后，整个句子语法结构、词性、语态、时态是否合理。一旦发现问题，及时纠正。 一、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．diversity  B．conclusive  C． widespread  D．influential  E. spectator  F. outcome   G. consistent  H. stamina  I. varsity  J. referee  K. coverage The Power of Sports Sports hold a special place in our lives, uniting people from all walks of life. Whether you're actively involved as a player or an eager 1 , the thrill of a live sports event is undeniable. At 2 and professional levels, sports teams are like close-knit communities. Each member brings a unique trait to the group. For example, in a soccer team, some players might be known for their exceptional ball-control skills, while others have a knack for strategic positioning. This 3 within the team is crucial for its success. Coaches play a(n) 4 role, guiding players with their expertise, devising game plans, and motivating the team to perform at its best. Their input often has a direct bearing on the 5 of a match. Training for sports requires a great deal of 6 . Athletes spend countless hours practicing, running drills, and engaging in strength-training exercises. They know that 7 effort is the key to achieving their goals. Whether it's improving their speed, endurance, or technique, every bit of hard work counts. The impact of sports is 8 . It goes beyond the boundaries of the playing field. Sports can boost a person's self-confidence; teach valuable teamwork skills; and even foster a sense of national pride during international competitions. The media 9 of major sports events ensures that their influence reaches a global audience. Studies have provided 10 evidence of the numerous benefits of sports. Regular participation in sports is linked to better physical health, improved mental well-being, and enhanced social connections. In short, sports are not just about games; they're a powerful force that enriches our lives in many ways. 二、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．acting    B．address    C． civilization   D．cleared E. hugely   F. identified   G. proposed   H. invaluable I. combination   J. comprehension   K. sustainably China’s ‘Green Wall’ China has embarked on an ambitious programme to plant thousands, if not millions, of trees to stop desertification, in the hope that the trees will act as a barrier — or a ‘green wall’ — between 1 and the desert. The cause of desertification in China is multi-faceted. A 2 of natural and human factors are at play, although it is becoming increasingly apparent that human activities, causing a changing climate, have worsened the problem. The rapid development of China during the early stages of the 20th century saw substantial amounts of forests 3 for timber (木材) and agricultural land. Though this helped turn the country into economic prosperity, it left behind a serious environmental scar. To fight back, China has 4 planting trees as the primary solution to its desertification problem. Though some action was taken prior, 1978 was a definitive year that marked the beginning of the ‘Great Green Wall’. Known officially as the Three-North Shelterbelt Project, China has invested 5 — approximately 7129 million dollars — in planting millions of trees along the northern border to stop the intruding desert and its devastating impacts. The project is 6 to end in 2050, with the aim of increasing forest cover from 5% to 15%. The mass tree planting has had positive impacts regarding China’s carbon emissions. As the world’s largest emitter, China has an obligation to 7 its damaging practices and many officials believe that the afforestation it has undertaken is doing just that. The substantial increase in forest coverage is 8 as an effective “carbon sink”, whereby the area is absorbing more carbon than it emits. Increasing tree coverage also helps to stabilize water resources and provide local people with 9 available resources such as timber and other forest products (e. g., fruit). Overall, China’s ambitious undertaking of afforestation is a real-life case study that other countries can cite. The practicalities and timeframes all offer 10 information that can help other states or organizations achieve effective afforestation projects. 三、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．design  B．essential  C． filters  D．influence E. eventually F. originally  G. patterns  H. processes  I. stuck  J. unlimited  K. vision The Magic of Mimicry (仿生学) To mimic someone means to copy them. However, in science, people copy ideas from nature or natural 1 to solve problems or to create products which will serve a specific purpose to help us. This is called biomimicry and its 2 can be seen in many everyday products. Perhaps the best-known example of biomimicry is Velcro. It was invented in 1941 by a Swiss engineer called George de Mestral, who looked at the burdock seeds which 3 to his dog’s hair. Under the microscope, he discovered that these seeds had hooks on them, so they stuck to loops on clothing or hair. He copied this idea and used strips of material with tiny hooks on them and strips of material with loose loops on. When he put both strips together they stuck like glue. However unlike glue, he could peel both strips apart and reattach them. Velcro was 4 unpopular with fashion companies but after it was used by NASA to stop items floating in space, it became popular with children’s clothing companies. More recently, swimwear has also been influenced by nature. The Speedo Fastskin, a controversial swimsuit, was seen at the Beijing Olympics and worn by 28 of the 33 gold medal winners. The technology is based on the rough 5 on a shark’s skin, which allows the shark to swim faster. Shark skin also stops bacteria growing on it, so scientists are copying this surface to 6 cleaner hospitals. For NASA, protecting astronauts’ eyes from the sun’s rays is very important but protecting their eyes from other dangerous radiation is also 7 . Scientists studied how eagles and falcons clearly recognize their prey. They discovered that they have yellow oil in their eyes which 8 out harmful radiation and allows them to see very clearly. NASA copied this oil and it is now used by astronauts and pilots in Eagle Eyes glasses. In addition to protecting eyes from all the dangerous rays, these sunglasses also improve 9 in different weather conditions such as fog, sunlight or just normal light. It appears that the influence of biomimicry is 10 , so it will be interesting to see what solutions nature provides us with in the future. 一、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．association  B．creatively  C． determined  D．evidenced  E. faithfully F. figure  G. inferior  H. lack  I. possess  J. relate  K. similar Animal “languages” Is language the exclusive property of the human species? The idea of talking animals is as old and as widespread among human societies as language itself. All cultures have legends in which some animal plays a speaking role. “Fox” is a favorite 1 in many Native American tales, and many an animal takes the stage in Aesop’s famous fables. If language is viewed only as a system of communication, then many species communicate. The question is whether these communication systems are at all like human linguistic knowledge, which is gained by children with no clear instruction, and which is used 2 , rather than simply in response to internal or external stimuli. Most humans who acquire language use speech sounds to express meanings, but such sounds are not necessarily a basic part of what we have been calling language, as 3 by the sign languages. The chirping of birds and the dancing of bees may potentially represent systems 4 to human languages. If animal communication systems are not like human language, it will not be because of a(n) 5 of speech. Conversely (相反地), when animals vocally mimic human speaking, it does not mean they 6 language. Language is a system that relates sounds or gestures to meanings. Talking birds such as parrots are capable of 7 reproducing words of human language that they have heard, but their speaking carry no meaning. Talking birds do not chop up the sounds into separate units. If a parrot learns cat and cats, and dog and dogs, and learns the word parrot, she will be unable to form the plural parrots as children do by the age of three. Reports of an African grey parrot named Alex suggest that when the trainer uses words in context, Alex seems to 8 some sounds to their meanings. This is more than simple imitation, but it is not how children acquire the complexities of the grammar of any language. It is more like a dog learning the 9 between certain sounds and meanings, such as heel, sit, and fetch. To hold that animals communicate by systems qualitatively different from human language system is not to claim human superiority. Humans are 10 to hunting dogs, whose sense of smell is far better than that of human animals; they are just different biologically. The human language ability is rooted in the human brain, just as the communication systems of other species are determined by their body structure. 二、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．inspiration   B．lift   C． spread   D．worthwhile   E. lowered   F. tense G. alternative   H. motivated   I. seen   J. amusement   K. admire Everybody likes to laugh sometimes, whether at a funny joke, an amusing incident or a funny photograph. The great thing is that once we’ve had a good laugh, we feel happier. Therefore, it would seem that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us. Places like a humourless office or a 1 classroom could sometimes do with a good dose of laughter. I know that in my workplace, a bit of 2 can go a long way towards making it a more enjoyable place to spend a whole day. Seeing the funny side of things can certainly 3 our spirits and that in turn can make us feel better about what we’re doing Maybe we should get 4 from Steve Carlisle, president of General Motors of Canada. When he walks around the firm’s Ontario headquarters, he shares his sense of humour to bond with his staff. He says “It can help people feel more relaxed, more 5 and thus be more effective at what they do.” Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too. It’s a good way to break the ice with students and create a more relaxed atmosphere which is good for learning But we have to be careful; not everyone laughs at the same things. While some of us may 6 a work colleague or fellow student for their clever and well-told joke, others may consider them offensive or just an idiot! According to Professor Schweitzer, from the University of Philadelphia’s Wharton School, a worker or boss who successfully uses humour is 7 as both confident and competent, which in turn increases his or her status. He says “Being funny is taking a risk, and being risky shows confidence.” So telling the right jokes in the office or classroom can 8 some happiness. But if you still think working and studying is no laughing matter, take note of a study published in The Journal of Behavioural and Applied Management in 2006. It found that for healthcare workers, emotional tiredness was significantly 9 among those who experienced greater levels of fun at work. And other research has discovered that teams who share more jokes gave more 10 and constructive statements to each other-and that’s no joke! 三、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．exploit B．presenting C． seeking D．assess E. access F. accuracy G. sources H. perspectives I. personally J. crucial  K. objectively In the digital age, where information floods every corner of our lives, the role of journalists has become more 1 than ever. As the gatekeepers of information, they are responsible for sorting through the vast sea of data and 2 the public with accurate and reliable news. In the past, journalists relied mainly on traditional 3 such as interviews, official documents, and on-site investigations. These methods provided a relatively stable and trustworthy foundation for news reporting. However, the digital revolution has changed the game. Today, they have 4 to a vast amount of information online. Social media platforms, for instance, have become important channels for news gathering. But this new-found abundance of information comes with a price. The information on these platforms is often unfiltered, and its 5 cannot be guaranteed. Journalists need to be more cautious and take extra steps to 6 the authenticity (真实性) of the information they obtain. One of the challenges journalists face is the issue of instant news. In the digital age, the pressure to break news first is intense. This has led to a situation where false information can spread quickly. Some people may 7 the loopholes (漏洞) in information verification systems to achieve certain goals, which can mislead the public. Journalists must adhere to (遵循) high ethical standards and report the news 8 . They should present different 9 on an issue to give the audience a comprehensive understanding. Another aspect is the need to make news more accessible to the public. With the increasing competition in the media industry, journalists need to use multimedia elements to present news in a more interesting and engaging way. However, journalists should not sacrifice the quality of the news. They still need to focus on providing in-depth and accurate reports instead of 10 superficial attention-grabbing tactics. 四、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．conducted  B．values  C． strengthened  D negative  E. settle F. particularly  G impression  H. copy  I. physically  J. fuel  K. influential Aggression in Children’s Sports People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and children keep healthy while playing with others. However, playing sports can have 1 effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behaviour in some children. According to research 2 on kids and sports,40,000, 000 kids play sports in the US. Of these,18,000,000 say they have been shouted at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad 3 of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive. Many researchers believe adults, 4 parents and coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression in children’s sports. They believe children 5 aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further 6 through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are 7 teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that winning is everything. As well, children are even taught that hurting other players is acceptable or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured. Besides, the media also 8 violence among children. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television. As a society, we really need to 9 this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better 10 Children shouldn’t be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow them to play, this gives the message that health is not as important as winning. 五、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．conscious     B．myths          C． lying         D．behaviours      E. necessarily F. inadequate     G. recognizing     H. merrily       I. hidden Why it’s hard to spot a liar?   Moving in their seat, glancing around the room and never looking you in the eye. We think we know when someone is 1 to us, but do we really?   A study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Review showed that people’s ability to tell if someone is lying to them is little better than 50%. Interestingly, other research suggests that we are actually quite good at unconsciously spotting liars, but our 2 thoughts reject this. Scientist R. Edward Geiselman points out that training in 3 liars doesn’t always help, saying “quick, 4 training courses lead people to do worse than if they go with their natural reactions”. One reason for this may be “truth bias (偏见) ”. Experts have suggested that we are usually biased to believe that people are telling us the truth, at least in most contexts. Another reason that might make us bad at identifying liars is that there are a number of 5 around body language and lying. Many of us believe that liars are unlikely to look us in the eye or will move restlessly in their seat. However, this isn’t 6 the case. Professor of psychology Kevin Colwell suggests that liars often work hard to cover up these 7 . It may be that not looking away, or sitting more still than usual, are actually the giveaways that someone is not telling the truth. It can be hard to spot liars. We are likely to trust people, and behaviours can be 8 . but if we know someone well, and if someone is working too hard to stick to their story, it’s possible to see through people who are not telling the truth. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点18 高中题型之选词填空钓鱼方略 （初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 上海初中选词填空，“五选四”。2个语段，突出对考查在语篇中整体感知和运用单词的能力，词汇涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词及短语。 上海高中词汇填空为“十一选十”需要掌握不同词汇的正确用法，包括词义的辨析、词性的使用等，还需要根据上下文的语境来确定所填词汇的准确意义和形式等。特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 选词填空是上海中考必考题型之一，其目的是旨在考查学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本结构的分析能力，也是容易得分的题型之一。通常情况下选词填空是英语综合试卷中词汇与语法相结合的一部分，在具体解题过程中，主要是判断所给单词的词性，再结合具体的句子结构需要进行选择。 【示例】 A．tradition  B．similar  C．communication   D．spread    E．hear of The Origins of April Fools Day What is April Fools Day and where does it come from？It is commonly believed that in medieval（中世纪） France，New Year was celebrated on 1April．Then in 1562，a new calendar was introduced，changing New Year to 1January．With no modern 36 ，news travelled slowly and new ideas were often questioned．Many people did not 37 the change，while some just forgot．These people were called fools．People send invitations to‘New Year'parties that were not existed and other jokes were played．Then a 38 of playing jokes on April 1st started．The custom finally 39 to England and Scotland，and it was later transported across the Atlantic to the American and the French．April Fools Day has now developed into an international festival of fun，with different nationalities celebrating the day in special ways． A．strangers   B．balanced  C．experienced  D．catch     E．knowing April Fools Day around the World In France and Italy，if someone plays a trick on you，you are the‘fish of April'．By the month of April fish have only just hatched（孵化） and are easy to 40 ．Children stick paper fish to their friends'backs and chocolate fish are found in the shops． In Scotland，April Fools Day lasts for two days!The second day is called‘Taily Day'．Often a sign saying‘kick me'is stuck onto someone's back without 41 ． Today，Americans and the British play small tricks on friends and 42 on April 1st．A common trick is to point to a friend's shoe and say"Your shoe is not tied．"When they look down，they are laughed at．Schoolchildren might tell a friend that school has been cancelled．A bag of flour might be 43 on the top of a door so that when the‘victim'opens the door，the flour empties over their head． Most April Fool jokes are in good fun and not meant to harm anyone．The best trick is the one where everyone laughs，especially the person upon whom the joke has been played． 【答案】36．C 37．E 38．A 39．D 40．D 41．E 42．A 43．B 【分析】本文分两个部分，第一部分讲的是愚人节的起源，第二部分讲的是愚人节向全世界的传播。 36．句意：没有现代的通讯方式，消息传播得很慢，新的思想经常受到质疑。 根据下文news travelled slowly and new ideas were often questioned可知，空格处部分意思应该是“没有现代的通讯方式”，所以消息传播得很慢，communication意为“通讯、通信”，符合句意，故应选C。 37．句意：许多人没有听说这一变化，而有些人只是忘记了。 根据上文With no modern communication，news travelled slowly and new ideas were often questioned和下文These people were called fools可知，空格处意思是“许多人没有听说这一变化”，hear of意为“听说”，符合句意，故应选E。 38．句意：然后一个在4月1日开玩笑的传统开始了。 根据下文The custom finally spread to England and Scotland可知，这个习俗后来传到了英格兰和苏格兰，本句意思应为“然后一个在4月1日开玩笑的传统开始了”，故空格处应填入意为“传统”的名词，tradition意为“传统”，符合句意，故应选A。 39．句意：这个习俗最后传播到了英格兰和苏格兰，后来它跨过大西洋传到了美国和法国。 根据下文England and Scotland提示可知，空格处句意应为“这个习俗最后传播到了英格兰和苏格兰”，固定短语spread to意为“传播到、蔓延到”，符合句意，故应选D。 40．句意：到四月为止，鱼刚刚孵出因此很容易抓住。 根据句子By the month of April fish have only just hatched可推断，鱼刚刚孵出，因此很容易抓到，catch意为“抓住、抓到”，符合句意，故应选D。 41．句意：经常在别人不知道的情况下，一个写着“踢我”的纸条会被粘在某人的背上。 根据句意可推断，这个写着“踢我”的纸条粘在某人的背上是在此人不知情的情况下完成的一个恶作剧，故空格处应填入意为“知道”的单词，know意为“知道”，符合句意，且空格前为介词without，后接动词的现在分词，故应选E。 42．句意：在4月1日这一天，美国人和英国人在朋友和陌生人身上耍小把戏。 根据句子结构，句中and表示两个并列成分，即空格处应填入名词与前面的friends并列，选项中strangers意为“陌生人”，符合句意，故应选A。 43．句意：一袋面粉可能被平衡地放在门的顶部，以便当“受害者”开门时，面粉会倒在他们的头上。 根据下文so that when the ‘victim’ opens the door，the flour empties over their head可知，当“受害者”开门时，面粉会倒在他们的头上，结合所给选项可推断，一袋面粉可能被平衡地放在门的顶部，且空格前面是might be，这里用情态动词的被动语态，后面接过去分词，选项中balanced“被平衡”符合句意，故应选B。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 词汇填空题语篇约350词。文章首句不设空；一般每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群； 方框中词汇难度中高级，以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；逻辑方面考察上下文联系。 考点清单 · 解题思路一：名词的确定 动词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例： 1）Researchers had two groups of 20 people each listen to a 30-minute recording that included a sequence of numbers. 2）However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food labels at the supermarket. · 解题思路二：动词的确定 动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。例： 1) In particular, when older patients complained of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. 2）Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children · 解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定 非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。 有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例： 1）He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply divided by his campaign against Clinton. 2）They tried to protect the wagon trains from Indian attacks.  · 解题思路四：形容词的确定 形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例： 1) This is a city that knows how to be both ancient and modern. 2）The media provide information to millions of people, but they are not yet so efficient at providing leaders with feedback from the public. · 解题思路五：副词的确定 副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等； 1）These stations will adequately prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets. 2）In fact, the city is one of the most vibrant, international cities in Europe and is regularly voted as one of the most desirable places to live in the world. · 解题思路六：熟词生义 You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization.（2017春考模拟卷） A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate G. mirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural · 解题思路七：一词多性 These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best. A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting 【答案】G 【解析】本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”结合搭配enable sb to do sth可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。需注意function可以做名词（“功能”），也可做不及物动词动词用（“起作用”）。 · 解题思路八：构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合） A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. 【解析】以上两空均所填入单词均涉及到构词法知识。 43.J  形容词soulless 没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词design。根据前半句“The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly...”可知美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的； 47.B  形容词adjustable可调节的；本句中该词作为定语修饰名词desk lamp，意为“可调节的台灯”，与后句中“regular adjustments by the user” 形成呼应。 A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E. improperly F. life-threatening G. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vital Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __ preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. · 解题思路九：固定搭配 在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如： 1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account） 2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? (commit) 3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014高考） · 解题步骤： 1、浏览全文，把握文脉。答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案，应通篇浏览短文，浏览的速度应根据考生本人的情况而定，以能看懂为标准，必要时可以划出关键词句。 2、审读选项，辨析词性。由于给出的选项，每个只能选用一次，所以它对学生词汇的要求很高，务必搞清每个词的词性，有的词可能是多种词性，因为接下来的每一个空格都必须要和句子所要求的词性相一致。 3、先易后难，上下求索。做题是应仔细分析句子结构，明白所填入的词汇在句中扮演的角色，对于一些能迅速找到答案的先填入，从而把选择范围大大缩小，降低阅读难度。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。 4、复读检查，通顺逻辑。填完之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查，仔细推敲，注意所选的答案填入空白处后，整个句子语法结构、词性、语态、时态是否合理。一旦发现问题，及时纠正。 一、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．diversity  B．conclusive  C． widespread  D．influential  E. spectator  F. outcome   G. consistent  H. stamina  I. varsity  J. referee  K. coverage The Power of Sports Sports hold a special place in our lives, uniting people from all walks of life. Whether you're actively involved as a player or an eager 1 , the thrill of a live sports event is undeniable. At 2 and professional levels, sports teams are like close-knit communities. Each member brings a unique trait to the group. For example, in a soccer team, some players might be known for their exceptional ball-control skills, while others have a knack for strategic positioning. This 3 within the team is crucial for its success. Coaches play a(n) 4 role, guiding players with their expertise, devising game plans, and motivating the team to perform at its best. Their input often has a direct bearing on the 5 of a match. Training for sports requires a great deal of 6 . Athletes spend countless hours practicing, running drills, and engaging in strength-training exercises. They know that 7 effort is the key to achieving their goals. Whether it's improving their speed, endurance, or technique, every bit of hard work counts. The impact of sports is 8 . It goes beyond the boundaries of the playing field. Sports can boost a person's self-confidence; teach valuable teamwork skills; and even foster a sense of national pride during international competitions. The media 9 of major sports events ensures that their influence reaches a global audience. Studies have provided 10 evidence of the numerous benefits of sports. Regular participation in sports is linked to better physical health, improved mental well-being, and enhanced social connections. In short, sports are not just about games; they're a powerful force that enriches our lives in many ways. 【答案】 1．E 2．I 3．A 4．D 5．F 6．H 7．G 8．C 9．K 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了体育对人们生活各方面的重要影响。 1．考查名词。句意：无论你是积极参与的运动员还是热切的观众，现场体育赛事的刺激是不可否认的。根据“as a player or an eager”以及句意“观众”可知，应用单数名词spectator，作宾语。故选E。 2．考查形容词。句意：在大学和职业水平上，运动队就像一个紧密结合的社区。根据“and professional levels”以及句意“大学”可知，应用形容词varsity，修饰名词levels。故选I。 3．考查名词。句意：团队内部的这种多样性对其成功至关重要。根据“Each member brings a unique trait to the group. For example, in a soccer team, some players might be known for their exceptional ball-control skills, while others have a knack for strategic positioning.(每个成员都给团队带来了独特的特质。例如，在足球队中，一些球员可能以其出色的控球技术而闻名，而另一些人则有战略定位的诀窍)”以及句意“多样性”可知，应用名词diversity，作主语。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：教练发挥着有影响力的作用，用他们的专业知识指导球员，制定比赛计划，激励球队发挥最佳水平。根据“guiding players with their expertise, devising game plans, and motivating the team to perform at its best”以及句意“有影响力的”可知，应用形容词influential，修饰名词role。故选D。 5．考查名词。句意：他们的投入通常会直接影响比赛的结果。根据“Their input often has a direct bearing on the”以及句意“结果”可知，应用名词outcome，作宾语。故选F。 6．考查名词。句意：运动训练需要很大的耐力。根据“Athletes spend countless hours practicing, running drills, and engaging in strength-training exercises.(运动员花费无数的时间练习、跑步和进行力量训练)”以及句意“耐力”可知，应用名词stamina，作宾语。故选H。 7．考查形容词。句意：他们知道持续的努力是实现目标的关键。根据“Athletes spend countless hours practicing, running drills, and engaging in strength-training exercises.(运动员花费无数的时间练习、跑步和进行力量训练)”以及句意“持续的”可知，应用形容词consistent，修饰名词effort。故选G。 8．考查形容词。句意：体育的影响是广泛的。根据“It goes beyond the boundaries of the playing field. Sports can boost a person's self-confidence; teach valuable teamwork skills; and even foster a sense of national pride during international competitions.(它超越了比赛场地的界限。运动可以增强一个人的自信心；教授宝贵的团队合作技能；甚至在国际比赛中培养民族自豪感)”以及句意“广泛的”可知，应用形容词widespread，作表语。故选C。 9．考查名词。句意：媒体对重大体育赛事的报道确保了其影响力达到全球受众。根据“their influence reaches a global audience”以及句意“报道”可知，应用名词coverage，作主语。故选K。 10．考查形容词。句意：研究已经提供了确凿的证据，证明运动有很多好处。根据“the numerous benefits of sports”以及句意“确凿的”可知，应用形容词conclusive，修饰名词evidence，作定语。故选B。 二、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．acting    B．address    C． civilization   D．cleared E. hugely   F. identified   G. proposed   H. invaluable I. combination   J. comprehension   K. sustainably China’s ‘Green Wall’ China has embarked on an ambitious programme to plant thousands, if not millions, of trees to stop desertification, in the hope that the trees will act as a barrier — or a ‘green wall’ — between 1 and the desert. The cause of desertification in China is multi-faceted. A 2 of natural and human factors are at play, although it is becoming increasingly apparent that human activities, causing a changing climate, have worsened the problem. The rapid development of China during the early stages of the 20th century saw substantial amounts of forests 3 for timber (木材) and agricultural land. Though this helped turn the country into economic prosperity, it left behind a serious environmental scar. To fight back, China has 4 planting trees as the primary solution to its desertification problem. Though some action was taken prior, 1978 was a definitive year that marked the beginning of the ‘Great Green Wall’. Known officially as the Three-North Shelterbelt Project, China has invested 5 — approximately 7129 million dollars — in planting millions of trees along the northern border to stop the intruding desert and its devastating impacts. The project is 6 to end in 2050, with the aim of increasing forest cover from 5% to 15%. The mass tree planting has had positive impacts regarding China’s carbon emissions. As the world’s largest emitter, China has an obligation to 7 its damaging practices and many officials believe that the afforestation it has undertaken is doing just that. The substantial increase in forest coverage is 8 as an effective “carbon sink”, whereby the area is absorbing more carbon than it emits. Increasing tree coverage also helps to stabilize water resources and provide local people with 9 available resources such as timber and other forest products (e. g., fruit). Overall, China’s ambitious undertaking of afforestation is a real-life case study that other countries can cite. The practicalities and timeframes all offer 10 information that can help other states or organizations achieve effective afforestation projects. 【答案】 1．C 2．I 3．D 4．F 5．E 6．G 7．B 8．A 9．K 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国为应对沙漠化开展的“绿色长城”工程，即“三北防护林工程”，介绍了沙漠化的原因、工程的举措、带来的积极影响等。 1．考查名词。句意：中国启动了一项雄心勃勃的计划，种植成千上万甚至数百万棵树来遏制沙漠化，希望这些树木能成为文明与沙漠之间的屏障 —— 即“绿色长城”。空处与“desert”并列，应填名词，结合语境可知，名词civilization“文明”符合语境，指树木在文明与沙漠之间起到阻隔作用。故选C项。 2．考查名词。句意：自然和人为因素的共同作用，尽管越来越明显的是，导致气候变化的人类活动加剧了这一问题。a combination of...为固定搭配，意为“…… 的结合”，表示自然和人为因素相互结合导致沙漠化。故选I项。 3．考查过去分词。句意：20世纪早期中国的快速发展使得大量森林被砍伐用作木材和农业用地。根据“for timber (木材) and agricultural land”可知，森林被砍伐，清理，动词clear“清理”符合语境；句中已有谓语动词“saw”，“forests”与动词“clear”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词“cleared”作宾语补足语，构成“see sth. done”结构。故选D项。 4．考查动词。句意：为了应对，中国已确定将植树作为解决沙漠化问题的主要办法。此处缺少谓语动词，“has done”为现在完成时结构，设空处填过去分词，identified意为“确定，识别”，符合语境，即确定植树为主要解决措施。故选F项。 5．考查副词。句意：中国官方称其为三北防护林工程，已投入巨额资金 —— 约71.29亿美元 —— 在北部边境种植数百万棵树，以阻止沙漠入侵及其破坏性影响。空处修饰动词“invested”，需用副词，hugely意为“非常，大量地”，说明投资金额巨大，符合语境。故选E项。 6．考查动词。句意：该项目预计于2050年结束，目标是将森林覆盖率从5%提高到15%。动词propose“计划，打算”符合句意，主语The project与propose之间为被动关系，填过去分词形式构成一般现在时的被动语态，表示该项目被计划在2050年结束。故选G项。 7．考查动词。句意：作为世界上最大的排放国，中国有义务解决其破坏性的做法，许多官员认为，中国所进行的植树造林正是这样做的。have an obligation to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“有义务做某事”，空处需填动词原形，动词address意为“设法解决，处理，应对”，符合语境，即解决破坏性的行为。故选B项。 8．考查动词。句意：森林覆盖率的大幅增加正在成为一个有效的“碳汇”，即该地区吸收的碳多于排放的碳。根据空后“an effective “carbon sink””可知森林覆盖率的大幅增加起到碳汇的作用，动词短语act as意为“充当，起……作用”符合语境，主语The substantial increase in forest coverage与act as之间为在主动关系，用现在分词形式acting与空前is构成现在进行时。故选A项。 9．考查副词。句意：增加树木覆盖率还有助于稳定水资源，并为当地人提供可持续利用的资源，如木材和其他林产品（如水果）。空处修饰形容词“available”，需用副词，sustainably意为“可持续地”，强调了资源利用的可持续性，符合语境。故选K项。 10．考查形容词。句意：这些实际操作和时间框架都提供了宝贵的信息，可以帮助其他国家或组织实施有效的植树造林项目。空处修饰名词“information”，需用形容词，根据空后“that can help other states or organizations achieve effective afforestation projects”可知提供的信息是非常宝贵的、很有用的，invaluable意为“极宝贵的，极有用的”符合语境。故选H项。 三、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．design  B．essential  C． filters  D．influence E. eventually F. originally  G. patterns  H. processes  I. stuck  J. unlimited  K. vision The Magic of Mimicry (仿生学) To mimic someone means to copy them. However, in science, people copy ideas from nature or natural 1 to solve problems or to create products which will serve a specific purpose to help us. This is called biomimicry and its 2 can be seen in many everyday products. Perhaps the best-known example of biomimicry is Velcro. It was invented in 1941 by a Swiss engineer called George de Mestral, who looked at the burdock seeds which 3 to his dog’s hair. Under the microscope, he discovered that these seeds had hooks on them, so they stuck to loops on clothing or hair. He copied this idea and used strips of material with tiny hooks on them and strips of material with loose loops on. When he put both strips together they stuck like glue. However unlike glue, he could peel both strips apart and reattach them. Velcro was 4 unpopular with fashion companies but after it was used by NASA to stop items floating in space, it became popular with children’s clothing companies. More recently, swimwear has also been influenced by nature. The Speedo Fastskin, a controversial swimsuit, was seen at the Beijing Olympics and worn by 28 of the 33 gold medal winners. The technology is based on the rough 5 on a shark’s skin, which allows the shark to swim faster. Shark skin also stops bacteria growing on it, so scientists are copying this surface to 6 cleaner hospitals. For NASA, protecting astronauts’ eyes from the sun’s rays is very important but protecting their eyes from other dangerous radiation is also 7 . Scientists studied how eagles and falcons clearly recognize their prey. They discovered that they have yellow oil in their eyes which 8 out harmful radiation and allows them to see very clearly. NASA copied this oil and it is now used by astronauts and pilots in Eagle Eyes glasses. In addition to protecting eyes from all the dangerous rays, these sunglasses also improve 9 in different weather conditions such as fog, sunlight or just normal light. It appears that the influence of biomimicry is 10 , so it will be interesting to see what solutions nature provides us with in the future. 【答案】 1．H 2．D 3．I 4．F 5．G 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．K 10．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了仿生学的定义、应用以及其在日常生活中的重要性，展示了人类如何从自然中获取灵感来解决问题和创造产品。 1．考查名词。句意：然而，在科学中，人们从自然或自然的某种东西中获取想法，以解决特定问题或创造具有特定用途的产品。空格处为介词from后的宾语，名词processes“过程”符合语境，表示自然中的各种过程或现象，人们从中获取灵感。故选H项。 2．考查名词。句意：这被称为仿生学，这种仿生学的影响可以在许多日常产品中看到。空格处为句子的主语，influence“影响”为名词，符合语境，表示仿生学对产品产生的作用。故选D项。 3．考查动词。句意：它是由一位名叫乔治·德·梅斯特拉的瑞士工程师在1941年发明的，他观察了粘在他狗毛上的牛蒡种子。空格处为定语从句的谓语动词，且意义为“粘附”，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时态，动词stick“粘附”符合语境，表示种子粘附在狗的毛上，其过去式为stuck。故选I项。 4．考查副词。句意：最初，Velcro在时尚界并不受欢迎，但在被美国国家航空航天局用于防止太空中的物品漂浮后，它在儿童服装公司中变得流行起来。空格处修饰句子，作状语，且意义为“最初”，所以，副词originally“最初”填入空格处，符合语境，表示最初的情况。故选F项。 5．考查名词。句意：这技术基于鲨鱼皮肤上的粗糙纹理，这种纹理使鲨鱼能够游得更快。根据上文的is based on可知，空格处作宾语，且下文的与skin搭配，意义为“纹理、花纹”，所以名词patterns“纹理、花纹”符合语境，表示鲨鱼皮肤上的纹理。故选G项。 6．考查动词。句意：鲨鱼皮肤还能阻止细菌在其表面生长，因此科学家们正在复制这种表面以设计更清洁的医院。根据前文的“are copying this surface to”可知，空格处应填动词原形，构成不定式作目的状语，表示“设计”或“创造”，动词design“设计”符合语境。故选A项。 7．考查形容词。句意：对于美国国家航空航天局来说，保护宇航员的眼睛免受太阳光线的伤害非常重要，但保护他们的眼睛免受其他危险辐射也是至关重要的。根据空格前的is also可知，空格处应填形容词作表语，与上文的important一致。所以，形容词essential“至关重要的”符合语境。故选B项。 8．考查动词。句意：他们发现它们的眼睛中有黄色的油脂，这种油脂可以过滤掉有害的辐射，使它们能够看得非常清楚。空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，与下文的out搭配，意义为“过滤掉”，动词filter“过滤”符合语境；陈述客观事实用一般现在时，关系代词which指代先行词yellow oil作主语，动词用第三人称单数，故选C项。 9．考查名词。句意：除了保护眼睛免受所有危险的光线外，这些太阳镜还能改善在不同天气条件下的视野，如雾天、阳光或正常光线。根据句意和空格前的动词improve可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，表示“视野”或“视觉”。所以，名词vision“视野、视觉”符合语境。故选K项。 10．考查形容词。句意：仿生学的影响似乎是无限的，因此，看到未来自然会为我们提供什么样的解决方案将是非常有趣的。根据句意和空格前的is可知，空格处为表语，形容词unlimited“无限的”符合语境，表示仿生学的影响是无限的。故选J项。 一、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．association  B．creatively  C． determined  D．evidenced  E. faithfully F. figure  G. inferior  H. lack  I. possess  J. relate  K. similar Animal “languages” Is language the exclusive property of the human species? The idea of talking animals is as old and as widespread among human societies as language itself. All cultures have legends in which some animal plays a speaking role. “Fox” is a favorite 1 in many Native American tales, and many an animal takes the stage in Aesop’s famous fables. If language is viewed only as a system of communication, then many species communicate. The question is whether these communication systems are at all like human linguistic knowledge, which is gained by children with no clear instruction, and which is used 2 , rather than simply in response to internal or external stimuli. Most humans who acquire language use speech sounds to express meanings, but such sounds are not necessarily a basic part of what we have been calling language, as 3 by the sign languages. The chirping of birds and the dancing of bees may potentially represent systems 4 to human languages. If animal communication systems are not like human language, it will not be because of a(n) 5 of speech. Conversely (相反地), when animals vocally mimic human speaking, it does not mean they 6 language. Language is a system that relates sounds or gestures to meanings. Talking birds such as parrots are capable of 7 reproducing words of human language that they have heard, but their speaking carry no meaning. Talking birds do not chop up the sounds into separate units. If a parrot learns cat and cats, and dog and dogs, and learns the word parrot, she will be unable to form the plural parrots as children do by the age of three. Reports of an African grey parrot named Alex suggest that when the trainer uses words in context, Alex seems to 8 some sounds to their meanings. This is more than simple imitation, but it is not how children acquire the complexities of the grammar of any language. It is more like a dog learning the 9 between certain sounds and meanings, such as heel, sit, and fetch. To hold that animals communicate by systems qualitatively different from human language system is not to claim human superiority. Humans are 10 to hunting dogs, whose sense of smell is far better than that of human animals; they are just different biologically. The human language ability is rooted in the human brain, just as the communication systems of other species are determined by their body structure. 【答案】 1．F 2．B 3．D 4．K 5．H 6．I 7．E 8．J 9．A 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了语言是否是人类独有的特性。 1．考查名词。句意：“狐狸”是许多印第安人故事中最受欢迎的人物，在伊索寓言中，也有许多动物登上舞台。由“Fox”和“in many Native American tales”可知，句子表示““狐狸”是许多印第安人故事中最受欢迎的人物”，空格处意为“人物”，是figure，空前有a，空格处用单数，故选F。 2．考查副词。句意：问题是，这些交流系统是否完全像人类的语言知识一样，是儿童在没有明确指导的情况下获得的，是创造性地使用的，而不是简单地对内部或外部刺激作出反应。由下文“rather than simply in response to internal or external stimuli”可知，句子表示“是创造性地使用的，而不是简单地对内部或外部刺激作出反应”，空格处意为“创造性地”，用副词修饰used，是creatively，故选B。 3．考查时态，被动语态，主谓一致和省略。句意：大多数学会语言的人使用语音来表达意思，但这些声音不一定是我们所说的语言的基本组成部分，手语就证明了这一点。由“by the sign languages”可知，句子表示“手语就证明了这一点”，空格处意为“证明”，这一点是被证明，描述客观事实，因此as引导的方式状语从句中用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是it，状语从句中主语是it，且有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是evidenced，故选D。 4．考查形容词。句意：鸟的啁啾和蜜蜂的舞蹈可能潜在地代表了类似于人类语言的系统。由上文“The chirping of birds and the dancing of bees may potentially represent systems”和下文“to human languages”可知，句子表示“鸟的啁啾和蜜蜂的舞蹈可能潜在地代表了类似于人类语言的系统”，空格处意为“类似的”，用形容词作后置定语，是similar，故选K。 5．考查名词。句意：如果动物的交流系统不像人类的语言，那不会是因为缺乏语言。由上文“If animal communication systems are not like human language”可知，句子表示“不会是因为缺乏语言”，空格处意为“缺乏”，是lack，空前有a(n)，空格处用单数，故选H。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：相反，当动物模仿人类说话时，并不意味着它们拥有语言。由上文“Conversely (相反地), when animals vocally mimic human speaking, it does not mean they”可知，句子表示“动物模仿人类说话时，并不意味着它们拥有语言”，空格处意为“拥有”，是possess，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语they是复数，因此空格处用原形，故选I。 7．考查副词。句意：会说话的鸟，如鹦鹉，能够忠实地再现它们所听到的人类语言，但它们所说的话没有任何意义。由上文“Talking birds”和下文“reproducing words of human language”可知，句子表示“鹦鹉能够忠实地再现它们所听到的人类语言”，空格处意为“忠实地”，用副词修饰动词reproducing，是faithfully，故选E。 8．考查不定式。句意：关于一只名叫亚历克斯的非洲灰鹦鹉的报告表明，当训练者在上下文中使用单词时，亚历克斯似乎会将一些声音与它们的意思联系起来。由上文“If a parrot learns cat and cats , and dog and dogs , and learns the word parrot , she will be unable to form the plural parrots as children do by the age of three. ”可知，句子表示“亚历克斯似乎会将一些声音与它们的意思联系起来”，空格处意为“使联系”，是relate，seem to do sth.是固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”，因此空格处用原形，故选J。 9．考查名词。句意：这更像是一只狗在学习某些声音和含义之间的联系，比如跟上、坐下和拿东西。由上文“relate some sounds to their meanings”可知，句子表示“狗在学习某些声音和含义之间的联系”，空格处意为“联系”，用名词作宾语，是association，是不可数名词，故选A。 10．考查形容词。句意：人类不如猎狗，猎狗的嗅觉远比人类动物好。由下文“hunting dogs, whose sense of smell is far better than that of human animals”可知，句子表示“人类嗅觉不如猎狗”，空格处意为“较差的”，用形容词作表语，是inferior，故选G。 二、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．inspiration   B．lift   C． spread   D．worthwhile   E. lowered   F. tense G. alternative   H. motivated   I. seen   J. amusement   K. admire Everybody likes to laugh sometimes, whether at a funny joke, an amusing incident or a funny photograph. The great thing is that once we’ve had a good laugh, we feel happier. Therefore, it would seem that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us. Places like a humourless office or a 1 classroom could sometimes do with a good dose of laughter. I know that in my workplace, a bit of 2 can go a long way towards making it a more enjoyable place to spend a whole day. Seeing the funny side of things can certainly 3 our spirits and that in turn can make us feel better about what we’re doing Maybe we should get 4 from Steve Carlisle, president of General Motors of Canada. When he walks around the firm’s Ontario headquarters, he shares his sense of humour to bond with his staff. He says “It can help people feel more relaxed, more 5 and thus be more effective at what they do.” Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too. It’s a good way to break the ice with students and create a more relaxed atmosphere which is good for learning But we have to be careful; not everyone laughs at the same things. While some of us may 6 a work colleague or fellow student for their clever and well-told joke, others may consider them offensive or just an idiot! According to Professor Schweitzer, from the University of Philadelphia’s Wharton School, a worker or boss who successfully uses humour is 7 as both confident and competent, which in turn increases his or her status. He says “Being funny is taking a risk, and being risky shows confidence.” So telling the right jokes in the office or classroom can 8 some happiness. But if you still think working and studying is no laughing matter, take note of a study published in The Journal of Behavioural and Applied Management in 2006. It found that for healthcare workers, emotional tiredness was significantly 9 among those who experienced greater levels of fun at work. And other research has discovered that teams who share more jokes gave more 10 and constructive statements to each other-and that’s no joke! 【答案】 1．F 2．J 3．B 4．A 5．H 6．K 7．I 8．C 9．E 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了幽默在工作和学习中的益处及注意事项。 1．考查形容词。句意：像没有幽默感的办公室或紧张的教室这样的地方有时需要好好笑一笑。本空作定语，修饰名词classroom，用形容词，根据空前的a humourless office可知，空处应填一个与humourless意思相近的形容词，用tense“紧张的”，作定语。故选F。 2．考查名词。句意：我知道在我的工作场所，一点幽默就可以让这里成为一个更愉快的度过一整天的地方。本空作主语，用名词，根据making it a more enjoyable place可知，此处用名词amusement“娱乐，乐趣”，故选J。 3．考查动词。句意：看到事情有趣的一面肯定能振奋我们的精神，这反过来又能让我们对自己正在做的事情感觉更好。根据空前的can可知，空处应用动词原形，根据our spirits and that in turn can make us feel better可知，用动词lift“提升，振奋”。故选B。 4．考查名词。句意：也许我们应该从加拿大通用汽车公司总裁史蒂夫・卡莱尔那里获得灵感。本空作should get的宾语，用名词，根据后文列举的例子“When he walks around the firm’s Ontario headquarters, he shares his sense of humour to bond with his staff.”可知，此处用名词inspiration“灵感”。故选A。 5．考查形容词。句意：它可以帮助人们感觉更放松、更有动力，从而更有效地完成他们的工作。本空作表语，根据空前的more relaxed, more 可知，空处应填一个多音节形容词，根据thus be more effective at what they do可知，用motivated“有动力的”。故选H。 6．考查动词。句意：虽然我们中的一些人可能会钦佩同事或同学的聪明和讲得好的笑话，但其他人可能会认为他们冒犯或只是个白痴！根据空前的may可知，空处应用动词原形，根据a work colleague or fellow student for their clever and well-told joke可知，用动词admire“钦佩”。故选K。 7．考查动词。句意：来自费城大学沃顿商学院的施韦策教授表示，成功运用幽默的员工或老板被视为既自信又有能力，这反过来又提高了他们的地位。根据as both confident and competent可知，空处用seen，be seen as“被视为”。故选I。 8．考查动词。句意：所以在办公室或教室里讲合适的笑话可以传播一些快乐。根据空前的can可知，空处应用动词原形，根据some happiness可知，用动词spread“传播”。故选C。 9．考查动词。句意：研究发现，对于医护人员来说，那些在工作中体验到更多乐趣的人，情绪疲惫程度明显降低。根据空前的emotional tiredness和among those who experienced greater levels of fun可知，空处用动词的过去分词lowered，was lowered“被降低”，表示情绪疲惫程度被降低。故选E。 10．考查形容词。句意：其他研究发现，分享更多笑话的团队会给出更有价值、更有建设性的陈述——这不是开玩笑！根据and constructive statements可知，空处应填一个与constructive意思相近的形容词，作定语，修饰statements，用形容词worthwhile“有价值的”。故选D。 三、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．exploit B．presenting C． seeking D．assess E. access F. accuracy G. sources H. perspectives I. personally J. crucial  K. objectively In the digital age, where information floods every corner of our lives, the role of journalists has become more 1 than ever. As the gatekeepers of information, they are responsible for sorting through the vast sea of data and 2 the public with accurate and reliable news. In the past, journalists relied mainly on traditional 3 such as interviews, official documents, and on-site investigations. These methods provided a relatively stable and trustworthy foundation for news reporting. However, the digital revolution has changed the game. Today, they have 4 to a vast amount of information online. Social media platforms, for instance, have become important channels for news gathering. But this new-found abundance of information comes with a price. The information on these platforms is often unfiltered, and its 5 cannot be guaranteed. Journalists need to be more cautious and take extra steps to 6 the authenticity (真实性) of the information they obtain. One of the challenges journalists face is the issue of instant news. In the digital age, the pressure to break news first is intense. This has led to a situation where false information can spread quickly. Some people may 7 the loopholes (漏洞) in information verification systems to achieve certain goals, which can mislead the public. Journalists must adhere to (遵循) high ethical standards and report the news 8 . They should present different 9 on an issue to give the audience a comprehensive understanding. Another aspect is the need to make news more accessible to the public. With the increasing competition in the media industry, journalists need to use multimedia elements to present news in a more interesting and engaging way. However, journalists should not sacrifice the quality of the news. They still need to focus on providing in-depth and accurate reports instead of 10 superficial attention-grabbing tactics. 【答案】 1．J 2．B 3．G 4．E 5．F 6．D 7．A 8．K 9．H 10．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在数字时代，记者的角色变得更加关键，他们在筛选信息、保证新闻准确性和客观性等方面面临着新的挑战和要求，同时还需要让新闻更易被公众获取。 1．考查形容词。句意：在数字时代，信息充斥着我们生活的每个角落，记者的角色变得比以往任何时候都更加重要。“become” 是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，根据“where information floods every corner of our lives”可知，这里表示记者的角色很重要，“crucial”符合语境，故填J。 2．考查动词。句意：作为信息的把关人，他们负责从海量的数据中进行筛选，并向公众呈现准确可靠的新闻。根据“the public with accurate and reliable news.”可知，“present sb. with sth.” 是固定搭配，意为 “向某人呈现某物”符合语境，“and” 连接两个并列的动作，“sorting” 是动名词形式，所以 “present”也用动名词形式，故填B。 3．考查名词。句意：过去，记者主要依赖传统的信息来源，如采访、官方文件和现场调查。根据 “such as interviews, official documents, and on - site investigations”可知，这些都是信息的来源，“sources” ，作宾语。符合语境。故填G。 4．考查名词。句意：如今，他们可以在网上获取大量信息。根据“vast amount of information online”可知，“have access to” 是固定短语，意为“可以使用，有权访问”，符合语境。故填E。 5．考查名词。句意：这些平台上的信息往往未经筛选，其准确性无法得到保证。根据 “unfiltered”和 “cannot be guaranteed”可知，这里说的是信息的准确性，“accuracy” 符合语境，做主语。故填F。 6．考查动词。句意：记者需要更加谨慎，并采取额外的措施来评估他们所获得信息的真实性。根据“Journalists need to be more cautious ”，可知，记者要对信息的真实性进行评估，“assess”符合语境，“to” 后面接动词原形。故填D。 7．考查动词。句意：一些人可能会利用信息核实系统中的漏洞来达到某些目的，这会误导公众。根据 “the loopholes in information verification systems to achieve certain goals” 可知，这里是说利用漏洞，“exploit”符合语境，“may”是情态动词，后面接动词原形。故填A。 8．考查副词。句意：记者必须坚持高道德标准，客观地报道新闻。根据“adhere to (遵循) high ethical standards”可知，是客观地报道，“objectively” 符合语境，副词修饰动词 “report”。表故填K。 9．考查名词。句意：他们应该呈现一个问题的不同观点，让观众有全面的理解。根据“give the audience a comprehensive understanding”可知，要呈现不同的观点，“perspectives” 符合语境，作宾语。故填H。 10．考查动词。句意：然而，记者不应该牺牲新闻的质量。他们仍然需要专注于提供深入和准确的报道，而不是寻求肤浅的吸引注意力的策略。根据“superficial attention-grabbing tactics.”可知，这里表示不应该寻求那种不好的策略，“seek” 符合语境，“instead of” 后面接动名词形式，故填C。 四、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．conducted  B．values  C． strengthened  D negative  E. settle F. particularly  G impression  H. copy  I. physically  J. fuel  K. influential Aggression in Children’s Sports People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and children keep healthy while playing with others. However, playing sports can have 1 effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behaviour in some children. According to research 2 on kids and sports,40,000, 000 kids play sports in the US. Of these,18,000,000 say they have been shouted at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad 3 of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive. Many researchers believe adults, 4 parents and coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression in children’s sports. They believe children 5 aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further 6 through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are 7 teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that winning is everything. As well, children are even taught that hurting other players is acceptable or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured. Besides, the media also 8 violence among children. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television. As a society, we really need to 9 this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better 10 Children shouldn’t be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow them to play, this gives the message that health is not as important as winning. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．G 4．F 5．H 6．C 7．K 8．J 9．E 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了儿童体育运动中的攻击性行为问题，分析了其产生的原因并提出了一些解决建议。 1．考查形容词。句意：然而，进行体育运动可能对孩子有负面影响。根据下文“It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behaviour in some children.”可知，这里应是说有不好的影响，设空处修饰 “effects”，需要用形容词作定语，选项中 “negative” 意为 “负面的，消极的”，符合语境。故填D。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据一项关于儿童和运动的研究，美国有40万儿童从事体育运动。根据句意可知，conduct“实施”符合句意。“research” 与 “conduct” 之间是被动关系，“conducted on kids and sports” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “research”，表示 “被进行的关于儿童和运动的研究”。故填A。 3．考查名词。句意：这给许多孩子留下了对运动的不好印象。根据上文“It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behaviour in some children.”可知，impression“印象”符合句意。“leave sb. with a... impression” 是固定搭配，意为 “给某人留下…… 的印象”，设空处作 “leaves” 的宾语。故填G。 4．考查副词。句意：许多研究人员认为成年人，尤其是父母和教练，是儿童体育运动中过多攻击性行为的主要原因。“particularly” 意为 “尤其，特别”，在这里用来强调父母和教练是主要原因中的重点人群，作状语，修饰 “parents and coaches”符合句意。故填F。 5．考查动词。句意：他们认为孩子们模仿成年人的攻击性行为。设空处作谓语，根据语境可知，孩子们会学大人的攻击性行为，“copy” 有 “模仿，复制” 的意思，符合句意。故填H。 6．考查动词的被动语态。句意：这种行为通过积极和消极的反馈进一步得到强化。根据下文“through both positive and negative feedback”可知，strengthen“加强”符合句意。“behavior” 与 “strengthen” 之间是被动关系，用被动语态，“is strengthened” 表示 “被加强，被强化”。故填C。 7．考查形容词。句意：父母和教练是有影响力的老师，因为孩子们通常尊敬他们。根据下文“because children usually look up to them”可知，“influential” 意为 “有影响力的”，符合语境，作定语。故填K。 8．考查动词。句意：此外，媒体也助长了儿童之间的暴力行为。设空处作谓语，根据语境，媒体的报道会让儿童之间的暴力行为增加，“fuel” 有 “加剧，刺激” 的意思，符合句意。故填J。 9．考查动词。句意：作为一个社会，我们真的需要解决这个问题并对此采取措施。根据下文“because children usually look up to them”可知，“settle” 有“解决” 符合句意，“settle the problem” 是固定搭配，意为 “解决问题”，设空处用在 “need to” 后，用动词原形。故填E。 10．考查名词。句意：他们也需要教给孩子们更好的价值观。根据上文“Parents and coaches should act as better examples for children.”可知，“values” “价值观”，符合语境，作宾语。故填B。 五、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．conscious     B．myths          C． lying         D．behaviours      E. necessarily F. inadequate     G. recognizing     H. merrily       I. hidden Why it’s hard to spot a liar?   Moving in their seat, glancing around the room and never looking you in the eye. We think we know when someone is 1 to us, but do we really?   A study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Review showed that people’s ability to tell if someone is lying to them is little better than 50%. Interestingly, other research suggests that we are actually quite good at unconsciously spotting liars, but our 2 thoughts reject this. Scientist R. Edward Geiselman points out that training in 3 liars doesn’t always help, saying “quick, 4 training courses lead people to do worse than if they go with their natural reactions”. One reason for this may be “truth bias (偏见) ”. Experts have suggested that we are usually biased to believe that people are telling us the truth, at least in most contexts. Another reason that might make us bad at identifying liars is that there are a number of 5 around body language and lying. Many of us believe that liars are unlikely to look us in the eye or will move restlessly in their seat. However, this isn’t 6 the case. Professor of psychology Kevin Colwell suggests that liars often work hard to cover up these 7 . It may be that not looking away, or sitting more still than usual, are actually the giveaways that someone is not telling the truth. It can be hard to spot liars. We are likely to trust people, and behaviours can be 8 . but if we know someone well, and if someone is working too hard to stick to their story, it’s possible to see through people who are not telling the truth. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．G 4．F 5．B 6．E 7．D 8．I 【导语】本文是说明文。主要探讨了人们识别谎言的能力及其局限性。 1．考查动词。句意：我们以为自己知道别人在对我们撒谎，但我们真的知道吗？根据句意，此处应是lie意为“说谎”符合语境根据when可知，描述正在发生的事，用现在进行时，空前已有be动词，空处应填lie的现在分词形式lying。故选C项。 2．考查形容词。句意：有趣的是，另一项研究表明，我们其实很擅长在无意识中发现说谎者，但我们的意识思维拒绝了这一点。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是conscious意为“有意识的”符合语境。故选A项。 3．考查动词。句意：科学家R. Edward Geiselman指出，识别说谎者的训练并不总是有用，他说：“快速而不充分的训练课程会导致人们比自然反应更糟糕。”根据句意，此处应是recognize意为“识别”符合语境，空前是介词，所以空处应填动名词形式。故选G项。 4．考查形容词。句意：科学家R. Edward Geiselman指出，识别说谎者的训练并不总是有用，他说：“快速而不充分的训练课程会导致人们比自然反应更糟糕。”空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是inadequate意为“不足的”符合语境。故选F项。 5．考查名词。句意：另一个可能让我们不擅长识别谎言的原因是，关于肢体语言和说谎存在许多不真实的事。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作主语，根据句意，应是myths意为“不真实的事”符合语境。故选B项。 6．考查副词。句意：然而，事实并非如此。空处修饰整个句子，用故此修饰，根据句意，应是necessarily意为“必要地”符合语境。故选E项。 7．考查名词。句意：心理学教授Kevin Colwell认为，说谎者通常会努力掩盖这些行为。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是behaviour意为“行为”符合语境，根据these可知，用复数形式。故选D项。 8．考查动词。句意：我们倾向于信任他人，而行为是可以被隐藏的。根据句意，应是hide意为“隐藏”符合语境，和主语behaviours之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处应填过去分词形式。故选I项。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$