课时冲关(19)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习（北师大版2019）

课时冲关19　UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS 汈汈汈汈汈 Ⅰ.阅读A 主题语境：人与自然 题裁：说明文 话题：新建道路对环境影响 　　Minimizing the environmental damage that new roads cause is generally regarded as a good thing.But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they are accused. Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr.Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations.A road destroys only a small part of the habitat, thus destroying just a few local populations of creatures.So the argument that road­building itself is bad for biodiversity is not self­evidently correct.Those who nevertheless hold this view say that apparently separate local populations of animals are, in fact, parts of much larger populations connected via migration. According to this theory, when a local population struggles to move about — because of an epidemic, for example — individuals from neighboring communities can fill the gaps. The implications of the theory are straightforward.Cut local populations off from each other and each is more likely to disappear.And roads are good at doing just that.Testing the theory with experimental roads, however, would be expensive.Dr.Gonzalez's brainwave was to do the whole thing on a much smaller scale. The team studied moss­covered rocks.On some rocks the researchers left the moss untouched; on others they made “roadways” across to leave the moss isolated.After waiting six months, they found that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug population had declined compared with undisturbed moss, and 40% of the species had become extinct. The real test came in the second part of the experiment.In this, the researchers removed moss much as before, but they left narrow moss paths to bridge the no­bug's­land between islands.The islands with bridges did far better than isolated islands — a result that supports the notion that population exchange is necessary to keep an ecosystem healthy. Whether these results can be translated to large­scale ecosystems remains uncertain.But if they can, they would cause more, not less, concern about the ecological effects of road­building.On the other hand, they also suggest a way out.In Britain, tunnels are often built under roads for animals of regular habits, such as badgers (獾), to be able to travel their traditional routes without having to fight with traffic.Extending that principle, perhaps special bridges might be a cheap way of letting man and nature rub along a bit better. 1．What's the main idea of the passage? A．Calling on us to stop building roads for a healthy ecosystem. B．Warning us of potential dangers of animal immigration. C．Informing us of the environmental damage caused by new roads. D．Suggesting a new way to avoid the damage caused by new roads. 2．Dr.Gonzalez's experiment found that __________． A．building roads is expensive B．immigration is good for animals C．roads cut off animal immigration D．tunnels should be built under roads 3．How does the author present his point? A．By analyzing facts. B．By giving examples. C．By providing scientific findings. D．By comparing possible effects. 4．According to the passage, which of the following statements will the writer agree with? A．The impact of road­building is not as serious as we thought. B．Road­building is beneficial to animal immigration. C．Environmental damage caused by road­building is still uncertain. D．Environmental damage caused by road­building might be lessened. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了新建道路对环境的破坏以及如何通过实验找到避免这种破坏的新方法。 1．C　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Minimizing the environmental damage that new roads cause is generally regarded as a good thing.But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they are accused.”可知，短文主要告诉我们新路对环境造成的破坏。故选C项。 2．B　细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr.Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations.”(最近，冈萨雷斯博士领导的一组研究人员进行了一项实验，证明了移民对动物种群的健康有益。)可知，移民对动物有益。故选B项。 3．C　推理判断题。根据第二段“Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr.Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations.”，第三段“According to this theory, when a local population struggles to move about—because of an epidemic, for example—individuals from neighboring communities can fill the gaps.”和第五段“After waiting six months, they found that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug population had declined compared with undisturbed moss, and 40% of the species had become extinct.”可知，短文是通过提供科学发现来呈现观点的。故选C。 4．D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In Britain, tunnels are often built under roads for animals of...nature rub along a bit better.”可推知，通过合理建设道路，作者认为道路造成的环境破坏可能会被减轻，故选D。 阅读B 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：真菌网络对树木生长的影响 　　Being highly connected to a strong social network has its benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the significance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon. “Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they drive what the forest is doing，” said researcher Joseph Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource­limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress. Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster that helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death.” said Birch. Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because it's likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could factor into how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and it could inform how we want to plant trees to preserve these networks.” 5. In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones? A．They confirm the benefits of fungal networks. B．They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon. C．They clarify misunderstanding of fungal networks. D．They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees. 6. How do fungal networks help trees? A．By fighting against diseases. B．By bettering forest soil conditions. C．By acting as the center of family units. D．By maintaining the balance of resources. 7. What does the underlined “They” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Tree rings. B．Fungal networks. C．Douglas firs. D．Cores from Douglas firs. 8. Which field will most benefit from the study according to the text? A．Geography.　　　　B．Agriculture. C．Reforestation. D．Microbiology. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了阿尔伯塔大学的一项新研究发现，强大的社会网络对树木也是有好处的，森林土壤中的真菌网络给树木的生长提供了有利的条件。 5．D　细节理解题。根据第一段“The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the significance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.(这项研究首次表明，成年树木的生长与它们参与的生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。尽管过去的研究主要集中在幼树上，但这些发现为了解真菌网络对更老的树木的重要性提供了新的见解，因为老树对碳捕获等功能更具环境效益。)”可知，新的研究关注成年树木，而之前的发现关注的是幼树，所以新发现与之前的发现的不同之处在于，新发现揭示了真菌网络对成年树木的价值。 6．D　细节理解题。根据第二段“When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource­limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.(当它们生活在森林土壤中时，真菌网络就像一条高速公路，让水、养分和化合物在树木之间来回流动。该网络还帮助养分流向资源有限的树木，就像家庭单位一样在压力下相互支持。)”可知，真菌网络通过保持资源平衡的方式来帮助树木。 7．C　词义猜测题。根据第三段“Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections.(从350株道格拉斯花旗松中提取的核心表明，年轮生长与树木与其他树木的真菌联系程度有关。它们的生长程度远远高于那些只有少数联系的树木。)”可知，本段以道格拉斯花旗松为例，说明年轮生长和树木之间的真菌联系程度有关，they指代上句中出现的“道格拉斯花旗松”。 8．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“He said：‘Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could factor into how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and it could inform how we want to plant trees to preserve these networks.’(他说：‘了解真菌网络在其他树种中是否以同样的方式运作，可以影响我们在砍伐后如何重新造林，也可以告诉我们如何种植树木来保护这些网络。’)”可知，研究可以影响砍伐后如何重新造林，所以重新造林这一领域从研究中受益最大。 Ⅱ.语法填空 主题语境：人与自然 题裁：说明文 话题：福州森林步道 　　A first­of­its­kind elevated steel pedestrian walkway system—Fuzhou Forest Walkway—runs through forested areas in China.1.________(common) known as “Fudao”， it 2.________(extend) over 6.3 kilometers from end to end, covering about 19 kilometers along its winding path.The walkway，3.________(design) as an urban connector, links two bodies of water, while 4.________(provide) public access to the hills outside of Fuzhou's city center. The project forms part of a larger redevelopment of the area, which also saw 5.________(significance) improvements to the region's facilities.An existing bus station has been transformed into a visitor center, while 6.________ fish pond has been repurposed as a bio­retention(生物滞留) lake. The walkway consists of six basic deck components 7.________ can be ordered and linked together in various ways.The project is a system capable of crossing over the rolling mountains and protecting the ecology of the site.The use of a porous grating(格栅) for decks allows natural light 8.________(reach) the ground plants, encouraging low­lying plants to grow. Interestingly，9.________ enables barrier­free access along the walkway's entire length is its consistent 1∶16 gradient (坡度).This was an important consideration for public access, ensuring that it could be enjoyed by people 10.________ all ages.Conveniences such as rest areas, viewing decks, observation towers, and teahouses have been included, adding variety and character to the site as an eco­tourism destination. [语篇解读]　这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了中国首个高架钢结构人行步道系统——福州森林步道。 1．Commonly　考查副词。句意：俗称“福道”，它从一端到另一端延伸超过6.3公里，沿着蜿蜒的路径绵延约19公里。副词commonly作状语修饰动词，首字母大写。故填Commonly。 2．extends　考查时态。句意：俗称“福岛”，它从一端到另一端延伸超过6.3公里，沿着蜿蜒的路径绵延约19公里。陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语为it ，谓语为单三形式。故填extends。 3．designed　考查非谓语。句意：这条人行道被设计成城市连接器，连接两个水体，同时为福州市中心外的山丘提供公共通道。空处为非谓语动词，The walkway与design为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填designed。 4．providing　考查省略。句意：这条人行道被设计成城市连接器，连接两个水体，同时为福州市中心外的山丘提供公共通道。本句为状语从句的省略，还原后文：while the walkway is providing, 省略了主语和be动词。故填providing。 5．significant　考查形容词。句意：该项目是该地区更大的再开发的一部分，该地区的设施也得到了显著改善。形容词significant作定语修饰名词。故填significant。 6．a　考查冠词。句意：一个现有的公交车站被改造成一个游客中心，而一个鱼塘被改造成一个生物保留湖。泛指“一个鱼塘”，且fish首字母的发音为辅音音素，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 7．that/which　考查定语从句。句意：人行道由六个基本的甲板组件组成，这些组件可以以各种方式排列和连接在一起。先行词为six basic deck components，作定语从句的主语，关系代词为that或者which。故填that/which。 8．to reach　考查不定式句意：露台使用多孔光栅，让自然光照射到地面植物，促进低洼植物生长。allow sb./sth.to do sth.允许某人/某物做某事。故填to reach。 9．what　考查连接词。句意：有趣的是，使整个人行道无障碍的是其始终如一的1∶16坡度。空处为主语从句，缺少主语，连接词为what。故填what。 10．of　考查介词。句意：这是公共访问的一个重要考虑因素，确保所有年龄段的人都能享受它。of all ages所有年龄段，为固定短语。故填of。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$