课时冲关(18)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习（北师大版2019）

课时冲关18　UNIT 9 　HUMAN BIOLOGY Ⅰ.阅读理解 主题语境：人与自然 题裁：说明文 话题：阳光会影响你的身心健康 　　You probably know that sunshine affects your mental and physical health.New research shows it may also affect your appetite­but only if you're male. That finding surprised Carmit Levy, who had been studying how ultraviolet­B (UV­B) rays affect the skin of mice.The sun's UV­B rays are the main cause of sunburns and skin changes that can lead to cancer.Levy exposed mice to these rays for a few weeks.The dose was so weak that it didn't cause any redness.But Levy noticed changes in the animals' fat tissue.Part of the mice also became heavier. Levy ordered new mice to look into these unexpected changes.The new group included a mix of males and females.She found that UV­B exposure enhanced the appetite of male mice — but not females'.The males also worked harder to get at food that was difficult to reach.Something was really motivating them to eat more. She wondered whether sunlight might have a similar effect on people.To find it out, she gathered volunteers for two studies.Both suggested that men and women may respond differently to UV­B.But the number of volunteers in these tests was too small to be persuasive. Fortunately, Levy's colleague Andrews had access to data from almost 3，000 people.They'd all participated in Israel's first nutrition survey, some 20 years before.These data showed that 1，330 of the surveyed men consumed more food in summer months.From March to September, they tended to down about 2，188 daily calories.They averaged only about 1, 875 calories from October to February.The 1，661 women in this study consumed about 1，500 calories per day all year long. Longer days in summer give males of many species more time to hunt and provide for their families.Consuming more food would give them the energy to do just that.In human evolution, UV­B might have motivated our male ancestors to hunt more to help their community survive. 1．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A textbook on biology. B．An abstract of a food journal. C．A review of medical research. D．An essay from the science website. 2．What happened to the mice after weeks' exposure to UV­B rays? A．Their fat tissue decreased. B．Some of them gained weight. C．Their skin became reddened. D．Some of them developed cancer. 3．What did Levy do when she found her studies weren't convincing enough? A．She gathered more volunteers. B．She set out to conduct more tests. C．She invited more scientists to join her. D．She turned to some previous research data. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Advantages of males of many species over females. B Reasons why males of many species prefer summer. C．Benefits of UV­B exposure to males of many species. D．Effects of sunlight on the health of males of many species. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，阳光除了会影响你的身心健康，也可能影响雄性动物的食欲。 1．D　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“You probably know that sunshine affects your mental and physical health.New research shows it may also affect your appetite－but only if you're male.(你可能知道阳光会影响你的身心健康。新的研究表明，它也会影响你的食欲——但仅限于男性。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，新的研究表明，阳光除了会影响你的身心健康，也可能影响雄性动物的食欲。所以文章出自于科学网站。故选D项。 2．B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Levy exposed mice to these rays for a few weeks.The dose was so weak that it didn't cause any redness.But Levy noticed changes in the animals' fat tissue.Part of the mice also became heavier.(利维将老鼠暴露在这些射线下几个星期。剂量很弱，不会引起发红。但利维注意到动物的脂肪组织发生了变化。部分老鼠也变重了。)”可知，在这些射线下辐射几周后，一些实验鼠的体重增加了。故选B项。 3．D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Both suggested that men and women may respond differently to UV­B.But the number of volunteers in these tests was too small to be persuasive.(两项研究都表明，男性和女性对UV­B的反应可能不同。但参加这些测试的志愿者数量太少，不足以让人信服。)”以及第五段中的“Fortunately, Levy's colleague Andrews had access to data from almost 3, 000 people.They'd all participated in Israel' s first nutrition survey, some 20 years before.(幸运的是，莱维的同事安德鲁斯获得了近3000人的数据。大约20年前，他们都参加了以色列的第一次营养调查。)”可知，为了使研究数据更可信，他们求助于以前的研究数据。故选D项。 4．C　主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Longer days in summer give males of many species more time to hunt and provide for their families.Consuming more food would give them the energy to do just that.In human evolution, UV­B might have motivated our male ancestors to hunt more to help their community survive.(夏季的白天更长，许多物种的雄性有更多的时间狩猎和养家糊口。吃更多的食物会让他们有精力去做这件事。在人类进化过程中，UV­B可能促使我们的男性祖先更多地狩猎，以帮助他们的社区生存。)”可知，本段主要强调UV­B辐射对男性物种的益处。故选C项。 Ⅱ.七选五 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：缓解焦虑的音乐形式 　　The human mind suffers from a lot of stress and anxiety in daily life. There are many sounds that can help the people to concentrate on current situation or matters. ___1__ The following is the best relaxing music to improve your concentration. Classical music is music played with instruments including orchestra, sitar, etc. __2__ It is best for introverts (内向的人) as well as for the people who want to focus on their studies and want to be quiet. Spa music is the music that is used in spa centers. This music has special slow beats which arouse the relaxing cells. It feels relaxing and good to the mind and ear. These sounds are used as a soul spa therapy in many countries. ___3__ Sounds of whispering grass, the hustle of leaves, the humming of birds, sound of the raindrop, a cool breeze, a wind, etc. These sounds greatly affect the ability to do work and provide relaxation to mind and soul. Electrical music is also instrumental music, but it is different from classical. Classical is Sufi music. On the other hand, this music is produced with the help of new digital instruments and devices. ___4__ Mostly, it is composed of beats or instrumental sounds. These mentioned sounds are those few that help the people to rebuild their concentration. ___5__ Some introverts like slow and rhythmic music while some like sounds with lyrics (歌词). Hence, it depends on the mental ability and nature of the people. A. This music has no or fewer lyrics. B．Nature beat consists of natural sounds. C．Most of the music have unknown original authors. D．Music isn't just a means of entertaining ourselves. E．The selection of music varies from person to person. F．This music is also related to the soul of religious music. G．So many people do music therapy to stabilize their minds. [语篇解读]　本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种不同风格的可以帮助人们缓解焦虑并专注于当前事物的音乐形式。人们偏爱某一种音乐，这取决于人们的心理能力和性格。 1．G　根据上文“The human mind suffers from a lot of stress and anxiety in daily life. There are many sounds that can help the people to concentrate on current situation or matters.”和下文“The following is the best relaxing music to improve your concentration.(以下是最好的放松音乐，以提高你的注意力。)”可知，上文指出人类有压力、焦虑时，可以用一些声音来让人静下心来，专注做事。下文提出有提高注意力的好音乐。由此可知，音乐可以让人们稳定心态。根据G项“So many people do music therapy to stabilize their minds. (很多人通过音乐疗法来稳定自己的心态。)”符合语意。 2．F　根据上文“Classical music is music played with instruments including orchestra, sitar, etc. (古典音乐是用管弦乐队、锡塔琴等乐器演奏的音乐。)”可知，本段关键词为Classical music，F项“This music is also related to the soul of religious music.(这种音乐也与宗教音乐的精髓有关。)”可知，This music指代上文的Classical music，下文“It is best for introverts (内向的人) as well as for the people who want to focus on their studies and want to be quiet. (它最适合内向的人，以及那些想要集中精力学习和想要安静的人。)”，此处It依旧指代Classical music，F项和下文展现了古典音乐的特点，上下文语意一致，F项符合语意。 3．B　根据下文“Sounds of whispering grass, the hustle of leaves, the humming of birds, sound of the raindrop, a cool breeze, a wind, etc. These sounds greatly affect the ability to do work and provide relaxation to mind and soul.”可知，下文中描述了自然界的声音能使人们放松；B项“Nature beat consists of natural sounds. (自然节拍由自然声音组成。)”中关键词为natural sounds，下文是对natural sounds的具体化。B项符合语意。 4．A　根据上文“Electrical music is also instrumental music, but it is different from classical. Classical is Sufi music. On the other hand, this music is produced with the help of new digital instruments and devices.”可知，上文阐述了电子音乐与古典音乐的不同之处，A项“This music has no or fewer lyrics. (这首音乐没有歌词或歌词更少。)”，以及下文“Mostly, it is composed of beats or instrumental sounds. (它大多是由节拍或器乐声音组成的。)”可知，this music指代Electrical music，根据句中的fewer lyrics，说明电子音乐和古典音乐的另一个不同之处：电子音乐主要有节拍或器乐声组成，相对来说歌词很少，甚至没有歌词。下文与A项为顺接关系。上下文衔接顺畅，语义一致。 5．E　根据上文“These mentioned sounds are those few that help the people to rebuild their concentration. (以上提到的几个声音都能帮助人们重新集中注意力。) ”可知，此处为对上面各种能助人集中注意力的音乐的总结；E项“The selection of music varies from person to person. (音乐的选择因人而异。)”承接上文；下文“Some introverts like slow and rhythmic music while some like sounds with lyrics (歌词). Hence, it depends on the mental ability and nature of the people.”指出，下文是对E项的音乐选择因人而异的原因分析。故E项在此段中起到承上启下的作用。 Ⅲ.读后续写 主题语境：人与社会 题裁：记叙文 话题：邻里之间 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The neighborhood kids nicknamed the strange old couple Crazy Jack and Ruby Rednose.Rumor was that they sat inside and drank tea all day.The only words we ever heard from them were “Keep out of our rosebushes！” Our house was situated just a stone's throw away from theirs, separated by a stretch of land covered in the most vibrant rosebushes.The rosebushes served as a fence between our house and theirs.I was eleven at the time and the oldest of six active girls.Despite the warnings, my sisters and I would often find ourselves drawn to the allure of mischief.We should have played our softball games elsewhere to avoid hurting the roses, far from the reach of Jack and Ruby's watchful eyes, but we secretly delighted in annoying Crazy Jack and Ruby Rednose. The day of the incident was like any other, filled with the laughter and energy of youth.Mary was trying to catch a fly ball.She stumbled (绊倒) over one of Ruby Rednose's rosebushes and fell on top of several more.Just at that moment, Ruby Rednose emerged.Her voice, usually reserved, now echoed through the yard, laden with pain and fury, “Look at what you've done to our roses! You've always been a trouble.You have no idea what this rosebush means to me！” Scared to death, my sisters and I quickly ran back into our house.Breathlessly, I told Mom what had happened.Mom responded with a mixture of anger and disappointment, “Girls, how many times have I told you not to play softball near those bushes? Come and help me fix them right now, ” she commanded.“Mom, we thought you didn't like the couple, we protested.“They're mean to us.” Mom rushed out of the house without saying a word.Out we rushed immediately to follow her to help repair the rose fence.While Mom was examining the damaged roses, Ruby slowly walked closer.She looked sad.And it wasn't her nose that was red­it was her eyes. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Ruby walked over to my mother, we girls holding our breath.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ A few weeks later, the plants all came back to life.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Ruby walked over to my mother, we girls holding our breath.We waited to see who would shout first and what terrible things would be said.“We are sorry about the flowers.The girls will fix them and help weed the roses.” My sisters and I looked at each other in horror, but Ruby smiled through her tears.“I know we're particular about these roses, but they're very special because they remind me of my mother.” Soon both women were down on their knees examining the damaged bushes together. A few weeks later, the plants all came back to life. My mother and Ruby worked together on the roses all summer and many summers to follow.So did my sisters and I．A friendship was formed between the families.Ruby became part of our family, spending many happy hours at our house，especially during countless birthdays, graduations and weddings.And the rose fence wasn't a fence any longer.My mother had turned it into a bridge. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$