课时作业(15)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

课时作业(十五)　Unit 4　Space Exploration Ⅰ．阅读理解 A★ (2025·丽水、湖州、衢州二模)US Army veteran (退伍老兵) Mazyck remembers when doctors told her she would never walk again.She'd been paralyzed from the waist down after a serious accident while parachuting in 2003.The doctors never said anything about floating, though.In 2021，she got to do just that. Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero G flight, organized by the group AstroAccess.This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience without going all the way to space.Flying over the Pacific Ocean off Southern California, the modified 747 jet airplane made 15 steep dives and climbs, allowing the flyers multiple periods of weightlessness. The experience left Mazyck feeling joyful.“The flight was something that I would have never in my wildest dreams thought I would've experienced，” she says, “especially the floating, the weightlessness.” Traditionally, strict physical requirements have prevented disabled people from becoming astronauts.AstroAccess is working to make space accessible to all.“Space removes the barriers between people; now is the time to remove the barriers to space itself，” says Mazyck, “It is sending a message to people who have historically been excluded from STEM that not only is there room for you in space, there is a need for you.” During the flight, she says, the participants did experiments and made observations.They took note of things that people without certain disabilities might not realize are issues.For example, people who couldn't grip with their legs needed another way to hold themselves still while weightless.The group also experimented with signaling lights for the deaf and with ways of using braille (盲文) for the blind. These types of issues are easy enough to address.Now is the time to make space accessible—before space tourism or space settlements become commonplace.“I am so proud and elated about what's happening here，” Mazyck adds.“We are paving the way for the future.” 1．What do we know about AstroAccess? A．It redesigns jet airplanes. B．It offers weightlessness experience. C．It provides physical treatment. D．It trains the disabled to be astronauts. 2．What is required in the flights for the participants? A．Astronaut experience. B．Steep dives and climbs. C．Weightlessness periods. D．Trials and observations. 3．Which of the following words can best describe Mazyck? A．Generous and determined. B．Caring and persistent. C．Courageous and optimistic. D．Ambitious and innovative. 4．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Paving the Way for the Future B．Disabled Americans Make It to Space C．Making Space a Place for Everyone D．US Veterans Experience Zero G Flight 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了AstroAccess组织参与者进行失重体验，腰部瘫痪的Mazyck就是其中一名参与者。AstroAccess正在努力使所有人都能进入太空。 1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段“Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero G flight, organized by the group AstroAccess.This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience without going all the way to space.(Mazyck是由AstroAccess组织的零重力飞行的12名参与者之一。这种类型的飞行重现了在没有进入太空的情况下宇航员所经历的失重状态。)”可知，AstroAccess提供失重体验。故选B。 2．D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“During the flight, she says, the participants did experiments and made observations.(她说，在飞行过程中，参与者做了实验和观察)”可知，参与者的飞行要求是试验和观察。故选D。 3．C　推理判断题。根据第三段“‘The flight was something that I would have never in my wildest dreams thought I would've experienced，’ she says, ‘especially the floating, the weightlessness.’(她说：‘这次飞行是我做梦也想不到自己会经历的事情，尤其是漂浮和失重的感觉。’)”以及倒数第三段“‘Space removes the barriers between people; now is the time to remove the barriers to space itself，’ says Mazyck, ‘It is sending a message to people who have historically been excluded from STEM that not only is there room for you in space, there is a need for you.’(‘太空消除了人与人之间的障碍；现在是时候消除太空本身的障碍了，’Mazyck说，‘这向那些历史上被排除在STEM之外的人发出了一个信息，那就是太空不仅有你的空间，还有你的需求。’)”可推知，Mazyck勇敢乐观。故选C。 4．C　主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Now is the time to make space accessible — before space tourism or space settlements become commonplace.‘I am so proud and elated about what's happening here，’ Mazyck adds.‘We are paving the way for the future.’(在太空旅游或太空定居变得司空见惯之前，现在是时候让太空变得触手可及了。‘我为这里发生的一切感到骄傲和高兴，’马齐克补充道。‘我们正在为未来铺平道路。’)”结合文章主要说明了AstroAccess组织参与者进行失重体验，腰部瘫痪的Mazyck就是其中一名参与者。AstroAccess正在努力使所有人都能进入太空。可知，C选项“让太空成为每个人的地方”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 B★ (2025·湖南株洲一模)Moon dust is the absolute worst.Not only does electrostatics (静电) cause it to stick to virtually everything, but it also has the consistency and feel of finely ground fiberglass.It was a genuine problem for the six Apollo crews who visited the moon's surface — moon dust covered their suits, worked their way into engines and electronics, and even ruined a few of their extremely expensive spacesuits. These are all serious issues to consider ahead of NASA'S planned return to the moon's surface in 2025, but a team of college undergraduates at Washington State University just developed a solution to moon dust — spraying liquid nitrogen (氮) onto moon dust.The team developed a new spray that takes advantage of the Leidenfrost effect.Named after its discoverer, an 18th­century German doctor Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost, it occurs when a liquid comes into close contact with a significantly hotter surface, causing it to quickly form a protective layer of vapor (蒸汽) that briefly keeps it from evaporating, such as when water forms into drops and runs across a very hot frying pan.The same principle works similarly in space.In this case, a liquid nitrogen spray (typically around­320℉) comes into contact with a surface's relatively warmer lunar dust coating, causing the particles to turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors. To test their spray the research team first dressed a Barbie doll wrapped with a material used to make spacesuits.They then sprayed it with liquid nitrogen in a normal atmospheric condition as well as the circumstances similar to outer space.Not only did the liquid nitrogen spray perform better in the latter circumstances, but also it only resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit material.In past lunar missions, astronauts' specialized brushes for the moon dust task often caused damage to spacesuits after a single use.In comparison, the liquid nitrogen spray took 75 uses before similar issues occurred. Going forward, the team hopes to further research the complexity that makes the cleaning process so effective, as well as secure funding to construct testing rooms more closely resembling the lunar surface's gravity.With any luck, maybe a can of their Moon­Dust­Gone will be aboard a future Artemis mission, ready to help astronauts avoid one of the lunar surface's annoying things. 5．Why does the author mention “Apollo” in the first paragraph? A．To prove moon dust is a real headache. B．To compare past and present moon programs. C．To show the achievements in moon exploration. D．To offer readers insights into the Apollo program. 6．What does the underlined word “particles” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Liquid waste. B．Moon dust. C．Nitrogen spray. D．Protective coating. 7．What did the research team find about their spray in Paragraph 3? A．It belonged to single­use items for astronauts. B．It performed better in normal atmospheric conditions. C．It increased the strength of the material of spacesuits. D．It protected spacesuits better compared with the brush. 8．What may the follow­up research of the spray focus on? A．Test subjects. B．Complex lunar surface. C．Other applications. D．Reasons for efficient cleaning. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。月球尘埃造成的问题十分让人头疼，华盛顿州立大学的一个大学生团队刚刚开发了一种解决月球尘埃的方法——向月球尘埃喷洒液氮。文章对此进行了介绍。 5．A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段前两句“Moon dust is the absolute worst.Not only does electrostatics (静电) cause it to stick to virtually everything, but it also has the consistency and feel of finely ground fiberglass.(月球尘埃绝对是最糟糕的。静电不仅使它能粘在几乎所有东西上，而且它还具有磨细的玻璃纤维的一致性和触感。)”可知，作者在第一段提到“阿波罗”是为了证明月球尘埃是件很头疼的事。故选A。 6．B　词句猜测题。根据文章第二段最后一句中的“a liquid nitrogen spray (typically around­320℉) comes into contact with a surface's relatively warmer lunar dust coating(液氮喷雾(通常在­320华氏度左右)与月球表面相对温暖的尘埃涂层接触)”和“turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors(变成水滴一样的东西，漂浮在氮蒸气上)”可知，此处是指把月球表面的尘埃变成水滴一样的东西，漂浮在氮蒸气上，所以particles是指“月球尘埃”。故选B。 7．D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句“Not only did the liquid nitrogen spray perform better in the latter circumstances, but also it only resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit material.In past lunar missions, astronauts' specialized brushes for the moon dust task often caused damage to spacesuits after a single use.In comparison, the liquid nitrogen spray took 75 uses before similar issues occurred.(液氮喷雾不仅在后一种情况下表现更好，而且只对航天服材料造成最小的损坏。在过去的月球任务中，宇航员专门用于清除月球尘埃的刷子在一次使用后经常会损坏宇航服。相比之下，液氮喷雾在出现类似问题之前使用了75次。)”可知，研究小组发现液氮喷雾与刷子相比能更好地保护宇航服。故选D。 8．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Going forward, the team hopes to further research the complexity that makes the cleaning process so effective, as well as secure funding to construct testing rooms more closely resembling the lunar surface's gravity.(展望未来，该团队希望进一步研究使清洁过程如此有效的复杂性，并获得资金来建造更接近月球表面重力的试验室。)”可知，喷雾的后续研究可能集中在高效清洁的原因上。故选D。 C★ (2025·福州质检)Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time, even when it's night.That's the idea that scientists at Caltech(California Institute of Technology)are exploring.They're working on collecting sunlight in space and sending its energy to Earth. Caltech's scientists have created a special tool for this project.They call it MAPLE.MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January, 2023.MAPLE's job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to Earth.We're used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another.But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier. The method used by Caltech's scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet.Imagine two waves coming together as they travel in the same direction.If the tops of the waves line up, they combine to make a bigger wave.But if the top of one wave lines up with the low point of the other, the waves cancel each other out.The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power, and focus the energy in one direction.It's a little like using a magnifying(放大的)glass to focus sunlight into a small, hot point of light. To prove that the system could work, MAPLE sent energy to two devices just 30 centimeters away in space.This energy was then turned into electricity, which made two small lights light up.Next, MAPLE sent energy all the way down to a lab at Caltech.The scientists were able to detect the energy, proving that it's possible to send solar energy to Earth from space. Dr.Hajimiri, one of the project's leaders, thinks that one day, the system could be extremely useful, bringing energy to places that need it, all over the world.He believes that in the future, we'll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disaster. 9．What is the challenge in Caltech's project with MAPLE? A．Solar energy detection. B．Wireless energy delivery. C．Sending devices into space. D．Using wires to move electricity. 10．How does the Caltech team concentrate solar power? A．By changing the way microwaves act. B．By magnifying waves coming together. C．By controlling the timing of microwaves. D．By lining up the waves in opposite directions. 11．What potential benefit could the system bring in the future according to Dr.Hajimiri? A．Warning people of natural disasters. B．Turning solar energy into electricity. C．Providing a solution to energy shortages. D．Sending energy to regions in urgent need. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Use of Solar Energy in Space Exploration B．The Challenges of Generating Energy Without Wires　 C.The Development of a New Tool for Collecting Electricity D.The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly from Space to Earth 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了加州理工学院(Caltech)的科学家正在探索从太空中收集阳光并将其能量发送回地球的想法，他们为此创造了一个特殊工具MAPLE，并解释了MAPLE如何通过控制微波的时机来聚焦能量。 9．B　细节理解题。根据第二段“Caltech's scientists have created a special tool for this project.They call it MAPLE.MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January, 2023.MAPLE's job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to Earth.We're used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another.But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.(加州理工学院的科学家们为这个项目创造了一个特殊的工具。他们称之为MAPLE。MAPLE和另外两个设备是2023年1月送入太空的一个项目的一部分。MAPLE的任务是测试从太空向地球无线发送能量的想法。我们习惯于用电线把电能从一个地方传输到另一个地方。但是在没有电线的情况下传输能量要棘手得多)”可知，MAPLE的挑战是无线能量传输。故选B项。 10．C　细节理解题。根据第三段“The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power, and focus the energy in one direction.It's a little like using a magnifying(放大的)glass to focus sunlight into a small, hot point of light.(加州理工学院的研究小组已经找到了一种方法来控制大量微波的时间，这样它们就可以结合它们的能量，并将能量集中在一个方向上。这有点像用放大镜把太阳光聚焦成一个小的热点)”可知，加州理工学院的团队通过控制微波的时间来集中太阳能。故选C项。 11．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Dr.Hajimiri, one of the project's leaders, thinks that one day, the system could be extremely useful, bringing energy to places that need it, all over the world.He believes that in the future, we'll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disaster.(Hajimiri博士是该项目的领导者之一，他认为有一天，这个系统会非常有用，把能源带到世界各地需要它的地方。他相信，在未来，我们将能够向偏远地区和被战争或自然灾害摧毁的地区输送能源)”可知，根据Hajimiri博士的说法，这个系统在未来会向急需能源的地区输送能源。故选D项。 12．D　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time, even when it's night.That's the idea that scientists at Caltech(California Institute of Technology)are exploring.They're working on collecting sunlight in space and sending its energy to Earth.(想象一下，可以一直使用太阳能，即使是在晚上。这就是加州理工学院(Caltech)的科学家们正在探索的想法。他们正致力于在太空中收集阳光并将其能量发送到地球)”以及纵观全文可知，主要讨论了使用Caltech科学家创造的特殊工具MAPLE从太空向地球无线传输能源的可能性，所以D项“The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly from Space to Earth(从太空向地球无线传输能量的可能性)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 Ⅱ．七选五★ (2025·呼和浩特二模)Many of us spent our childhoods dreaming of becoming astronauts.However the hard reality is that only a select few will make it.__1__Not necessarily. In fact, some of the space jobs are not only for astronauts and they all sound just as cool.One of the most interesting space jobs that you may have never heard of is “chief sniffer(嗅探员)”．NASA has already hired a chief sniffer named George Aldrich, whose job is to smell materials before they are used in spacecrafts. __2__A spacecraft is of limited size and relatively high temperature, which makes smells stronger inside of it.“Once a spacecraft is launched, astronauts have no way of escaping unpleasant smells，”Aldrich told The Telegraph.More importantly, smelling objects can help identify dangerous chemicals that could threaten astronauts' health. Another job, the “space tour guide” , may seem a little ahead of its time—after all，what's the point of hiring a tour guide when there aren't any tourists there? But now, many private companies are starting to provide space trips, and wealthy space enthusiasts such as Justin Bieber and Sarah Brightman have already signed up for tours.__3__ Being a space tour guide requires rich knowledge of astronomy, astrophysics, geography and history to help passengers get the most out of their journey.__4__ Astronauts often spend weeks or even months in a small capsule with the same group of people，which is why a “space psychologist” is also needed to help astronauts overcome mental challenges, like feeling bored and lonely. Rohit Talwar, chief executive of US company Fast Future Research, said, “__5__Things we've seen in the past in movies are now becoming real career opportunities.” A．But does that mean you'll never get the chance to work in space? B．Modern astronauts feel less helpless when working as a group. C．It is impossible that normal people will be able to be a space travel. D．It may not be long before space becomes a top travel destination. E．Tour guides also need to be good storytellers to help space travel. F．We're crossing the boundaries between science fiction and reality. G．Using your nose at work sounds a little strange, but the job is very important. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种除了宇航员之外在太空的工作岗位。 1．A　根据前文“However, the hard reality is that only a select few will make it.(然而，艰难的现实是，只有少数人会成功。)”可知，成为宇航员很困难。以及后文“Not necessarily.(不一定。)”可知，空格处是一个问题，后句是对空格处的回答。A选项“But does that mean you'll never get the chance to work in space？(但这是否意味着你永远没有机会在太空工作？)”符合题意，故选A。 2．G　根据后文“A spacecraft is of limited size and relatively high temperature, which makes smells stronger inside of it.(宇宙飞船体积有限，温度也相对较高，这使得飞船内部的气味更强烈。)”可知，这是强调首席嗅探员这个工作岗位的重要性。G选项“Using your nose at work sounds a little strange, but the job is very important.(在工作时用鼻子听起来有点奇怪，但这项工作非常重要。)”符合题意，故选G。 3．D　根据前文“But now, many private companies are starting to provide space trips, and wealthy space enthusiasts such as Justin Bieber and Sarah Brightman have already signed up for tours.(但现在，许多私人公司开始提供太空旅行，贾斯汀·比伯(Justin Bieber)和莎拉·布莱曼(Sarah Brightman)等富有的太空爱好者已经签约参加太空旅行。)”可知，太空旅行越来越盛行。D选项“It may not be long before space becomes a top travel destination.(也许不久太空就会成为一个顶级旅游目的地。)”符合题意，故选D。 4．E　根据前文“Being a space tour guide requires rich knowledge of astronomy, astrophysics, geography and history to help passengers get the most out of their journey.(作为一名太空导游需要丰富的天文学、天体物理学、地理学和历史知识，以帮助乘客充分利用他们的旅程。)”可知，本段介绍的是成为一名太空导游的高要求。E选项“Tour guides also need to be good storytellers to help space travel.(导游还需要是很好的故事讲述者来帮助太空旅行。)”符合题意，故选E。 5．F　根据后文“Things we've seen in the past in movies are now becoming real career opportunities.(过去我们在电影中看到的东西现在正在成为真正的职业机会。)”可知，首席执行官罗希特·塔尔瓦尔讲述的是科学家们正致力于是科幻小说中的变为现实。F选项“We're crossing the boundaries between science fiction and reality.(我们正在跨越科幻小说和现实之间的边界。)”符合题意，故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$