课时作业(14)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

课时作业(十四)　Unit 3　Diverse Cultures Ⅰ．阅读理解 A★ (2025·唐山模拟)When Mark Twain visited Florence (佛罗伦萨) in 1867, he dutifully visited the city's museums, churches, and tombs.But as he stood by the Arno, he began to sense the Italians' insistence that it was a river, not a stream.“They all call it a river, and they honestly think it is a river, do these dark and bloody Florentines，” he complained, “I might enter Florence under happier circumstances a month hence and find it all beautiful, all attractive.But I do not care to think of it now, at all.” It's normal to feel uncomfortable outside your home culture.Feelings of discomfort, dislocation, and overload among travelers are referred to by many as “culture shock.” But Susan Goldstein, a professor at the University of Redlands says, “ Though the term has existed for many years, ‘Culture shock' implies a dramatic, unexpected, negative event.Though many travelers will experience such challenges, a real sense of ‘shock' is untypical.So untypical that many researchers no longer use the term.” It was the vivid description of culture shock by Canadian researcher Oberg, written in 1960 in response to his own multicultural experiences, that won over audiences.The researcher spoke of the adjustment process as “an occupational disease of people who have suddenly been transplanted abroad” — a “disease” that progressed from a honeymoon phase, through rejecting the new environment, to finally adjusting fully to it.By the 1970s many researchers adopted the idea that, like physical illnesses, culture shock progressed through a remarkably consistent and universal set of stages. Modern research, however, suggests that the experiences of adaptation are individual, not universal.“People will have their ups and downs, but for the most part, they will become increasingly comfortable and competent over time，” Goldstein says.And while many connect the causes of culture shock to the host culture itself, an individual's internal expectations and differences are just as important. As for Mark Twain, the moody author was able to ride out his feelings of upset and dislocation while traveling.He eventually finished out his European tour—and in his bestselling travel memoir The Innocents Abroad, famously remarked that travel is “fatal to prejudice and narrow­mindedness.” With the right attitude—and the willingness to seek help if you need it—it's more than likely that you, too, can adapt and grow in new settings, building new memories­and toughness—with each new stamp in your passport. 1．How did Mark Twain feel about Italians' insistence? A．Annoyed.　 　 　　B．Calm. C．Uninterested. D．Curious. 2．What can be inferred about culture shock? A．It would lead to physical diseases. B．It was regarded as an avoidable thing. C．It was named for people's adjustment. D．It had gained wide acceptance by the 1970s. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Suggestions about culture shock. B．A change in understanding culture shock. C．Stress of the importance of culture shock. D．A criticism of previous idea of culture shock. 4．Why is Mark Twain mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To remember him. B．To inform and anticipate. C．To conclude and encourage. D．To make the ending humorous. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨“文化冲击”的概念、人们对异国他乡适应过程的理解，以及通过旅行获得成长和新的体验的可能性。 1．A　推理判断题。根据第一段“‘They all call it a river, and they honestly think it is a river, do these dark and bloody Florentines，’ he complained(‘他们都说它是一条河，而且他们真的认为它是一条河，这些黑暗、血腥的佛罗伦萨人就是这样认为的，’他抱怨道)”可知，Mark Twain对意大利人的坚持是生气的，故选A。 2．D　推理判断题。根据第三段“By the 1970s many researchers adopted the idea that, like physical illnesses, culture shock progressed through a remarkably consistent and universal set of stages.(到20世纪70年代，许多研究人员接受了这样一种观点，即像身体疾病一样，文化冲击的发展经历了一系列非常一致和普遍的阶段。)”可知，到20世纪70年代，文化冲击得到了广泛的接受。故选D。 3．B　主旨大意题。根据第四段“People will have their ups and downs, but for the most part, they will become increasingly comfortable and competent over time(人们会有起起落落，但在大多数情况下，随着时间的推移，他们会变得越来越舒适和胜任)”和“And while many connect the causes of culture shock to the host culture itself, an individual's internal expectations and differences are just as important.(虽然许多人将文化冲击的原因与东道国文化本身联系起来，但个人的内在期望和差异也同样重要。)”可知，第四段的主要内容是对文化冲击理解的改变。故选B。 4．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“He eventually finished out his European tour­and in his bestselling travel memoir The Innocents Abroad, famously remarked that travel is “fatal to prejudice and narrow­mindedness.” With the right attitude­and the willingness to seek help if you need it­it's more than likely that you, too, can adapt and grow in new settings, building new memories­and toughness­with each new stamp in your passport.(他最终结束了他的欧洲之旅——在他最畅销的旅行回忆录The Innocents Abroad中，他有一句名言：旅行“对偏见和狭隘是致命的”。有了正确的态度——以及在需要时寻求帮助的意愿——你也很有可能在新的环境中适应和成长，在你护照上的每一个新印记上建立新的记忆和韧性。)”可知，最后一段提到Mark Twain的目的是为了总结全文，鼓励读者采取正确的态度。故选C。 B★ (2025·嘉兴模拟)It's commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality? In Filterworld: How algorithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm­driven feeds, used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform culture.Our tastes and desires increasingly don't belong to us, but to algorithms that are designed to keep people engaged at all costs.If the collection of our tastes truly shapes our entire personality, then this loss is more psychologically damaging than it first appears.Aimlessly scrolling (滚屏) through Netflix or TikTok may seem harmless, but over days, months or years, we lose touch with what we like and enjoy. Taste­making algorithms are inescapable.Chayka shows this by working through all corners of life: what we wear(TikTok), where we eat(Google Maps), music we listen to(Spotify), even who we date or marry(Tinder).This universe of algorithm­driven decisions has society­wide implications: “It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through…flattening them in turn.” No one gets out of the_Filterworld_untouched. If you're lucky enough not to need any sort of algorithm­based system for your work, then you have the option to step back from algorithms for a while.But if your friend suggests a film recommended on X/Twitter or you feel the need to buy those shoes suddenly everyone has started wearing after social media advertisements, what are you to do? It all feels fruitless. This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope.You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume.This could mean reading up about a film you watched or paying artists you like directly.Even the thoughtful act of recommending an album (专辑) to a friend is more rewarding than a random TikTok feed.As Chayka says, resistance to algorithms “requires an act of willpower, a choice to move through the world in a different way.” 5．What is Kyle Chayka's opinion on algorithms? A．They improve our tastes. B．They make our culture more alike. C．They help to identify our personality. D．They contribute to psychological problems. 6．What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The society with advanced technology. B．The world without social media platforms. C．The network of algorithm­driven decisions. D．The community free from algorithmic influence. 7．Which of the following is a way to resist the impact of algorithms? A．Limiting the use of social media platforms. B．Making choices based on friends' suggestions. C．Getting more involved with the selected media. D．Disconnecting from social media advertisements. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Algorithms: Cultural Takeover B．The Secret of Algorithms C．Social Media: Cultural Messenger D．The Rise of Digital Platforms 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们的生活普遍受到了算法的影响，算法使我们的文化更加相似，对此提出了一些避免文化被算法趋同的建议。 5．B　细节理解题。根据第二段“In Filterworld: How algorithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm­driven feeds, used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform culture.Our tastes and desires increasingly don't belong to us, but to algorithms that are designed to keep people engaged at all costs.(在《过滤器世界：算法如何使文化扁平化》一书中，Kyle Chayka令人信服地指出，从Instagram到Spotify，算法驱动的信息流在网上无处不在，它的兴起导致了一种更加统一的文化。我们的品味和欲望越来越不属于我们自己，而是属于那些旨在不惜一切代价让人们参与其中的算法。)”可知，Kyle Chayka对算法的看法是它们使我们的文化更加相似。故选B。 6．C　词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“This universe of algorithm­driven decisions has society­wide implications：‘It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through...flattening them in turn.’ (这种由算法驱动的决策对整个社会都有影响：‘它延伸到影响我们的物理空间、城市和我们走过的路线……反过来使它们扁平化。’)”可知，算法驱动的决策网络影响到了我们生活的各个方面，没有人能不受影响地从算法驱动的决策网络走出来。故划线部分指的是“算法驱动的决策网络”。故选C。 7．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope.You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume.(这个‘过滤世界’可能是不可避免的，但还是有希望的。你可以从更多地参与你选择消费的媒体开始。)”可知，更多地参与选定的媒体是抵抗算法影响的方法。故选C。 8．A　主旨大意题。根据第一段“It's commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality? (人们普遍认为，我们的生活是由算法控制的，但我们真的理解了它们是如何改变我们的文化和个性的吗？)”结合文章主要说明了人们的生活普遍受到了算法的影响，算法使我们的文化更加相似，对此提出了一些避免文化被算法趋同的建议。可知，A选项“算法：文化接管”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Ⅱ．完形填空★ (2025·南京二模)On February 17th, the Clermont County Animal Shelter, Ohio, shared a story.A woman met with her missing dog Will again. While __1__ the shelter's Facebook post forwarded by friends in her community, Hannah saw a dog named Rome that was to be available at the shelter's weekend __2__ event and that dog looked quite __3__． Hannah explained in her Facebook post that Will, a six­year­old went missing from her home in 2019.Although her family looked everywhere, they couldn't __4__ their missing baby. A shelter volunteer said, “Just yesterday we __5__ a message accompanied by photos with a detailed description of Will's __6__ in the hope that the dog brought to our shelter and renamed Rome was __7__ Will！” But Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today! Learning this, the volunteer, in a bit of __8__ quickly sent a message back that Rome would be at the event! “We would love this family to be __9__ and we just had to __10__ whether this was Will after all these years！” It turned out a big yes.The volunteer continued, “The __11__ story serves as a reminder of the incredible impact that the Internet can have in bringing communities together, especially in times of __12__．Thank you all for __13__ Will's post.” It was nothing short of a __14__ and we are sure Hannah and her family are __15__ to have their dog back! 1．A.commenting on　　　B．checking out C．speaking of D．looking for 2．A.celebration B．adoption C．demonstration D．recommendation 3．A.dynamic B．lovely C．familiar D．friendly 4．A.shelter B．describe C．forget D．locate 5．A.received B．forwarded C．left D．delivered 6．A.duties B．achievements C．owner D．appearance 7．A.possibly B．obviously C．actually D．typically 8．A.hesitation B．guilt C．anger D．panic 9．A.popular B．thankful C．supported D．reunited 10．A.guess B．know C．discuss D．doubt 11．A.heartwarming B．mind­bending C．convincing D．entertaining 12．A.danger B．need C．happiness D．uncertainty 13．A.sharing B．reading C．revising D．saving 14．A.connection B．treasure C．wonder D．success 15．A.excited B．motivated C．amused D．urged 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个感人的故事，一位妇女在多年后重新找回了她失踪的狗威尔。这个故事展示了互联网在帮助人们团聚方面的巨大力量，尤其是在需要帮助的时候。 1．B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：在查看社区朋友转发的收容所的Facebook帖子时，Hannah看到了一只名叫Rome的狗，它将在收容所的周末收养活动中露面，这只狗看起来很熟悉。A.commenting on对……进行评论；B.checking out查看；C.speaking of说起；D.looking for寻找。根据下文“the shelter's Facebook post forwarded by friends in her community, Hannah saw a dog”可知，Hannah在查看社区朋友转发的收容所的Facebook帖子。故选B。 2．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在查看社区朋友转发的收容所的Facebook帖子时，Hannah看到了一只名叫Rome的狗，它将在收容所的周末收养活动中露面，这只狗看起来很熟悉。A.celebration庆祝；B.adoption收养；C.demonstration展示；D.recommendation推荐。根据第七空后“But Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today”可知，这只狗要出现在收养活动中。故选B。 3．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在查看社区朋友转发的收容所的Facebook帖子时，Hannah看到了一只名叫Rome的狗，它将在收容所的周末收养活动中露面，这只狗看起来很熟悉。A.dynamic动态的；B.lovely可爱的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.friendly友好的。根据第10空后的“whether this was Will after all these years！” It turned out a big yes”可知，Rome就是Will，所以Hannah看到Rome的照片觉得很熟悉。故选C。 4．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管她的家人到处找，还是找不到他们失踪的宝贝。A.shelter躲避；B.describe描述；C.forget忘记；D.locate确定……的位置。根据上文“missing from her home in 2019.Although her family looked everywhere, they couldn't”可知，虽然Hannah的家人到处找，但是没找到他们的狗，空格处意为“确定……的位置”。故选D。 5．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：收容所的一名志愿者说：“就在昨天，我们收到了一条信息，附有Will的详细外观描述的照片，希望这只被带到我们收容所并更名为Rome的狗真的是Will！”A.received收到；B.forwarded促进，推进；C.left离开；D.delivered递送。根据下文“a message accompanied by photos with a detailed description of Will's”和第8空后“sent a message back”可知，收容所是收到了一条消息。故选A。 6．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：收容所的一名志愿者说：“就在昨天，我们收到了一条信息，附有Will的详细外观描述的照片，希望这只被带到我们收容所并更名为Rome的狗真的是Will！”A.duties职责；B.achievements成就；C.owner主人；D.appearance外观。根据上文“photos with a detailed description of Will's”可知，照片上详细描述了Will的外观，这样收容所的人才能判断Rome是不是Will。故选D。 7．C　考查副词词义辨析。句意：收容所的一名志愿者说：“就在昨天，我们收到了一条信息，附有Will的详细外观描述的照片，希望这只被带到我们收容所并更名为Rome的狗真的是Will！”A.possibly可能；B.obviously显然；C.actually实际上，事实上；D.typically一般，通常。根据上文“the dog brought to our shelter and renamed Rome”和下文“Will”可知，此处表示“希望这只被带到我们收容所并更名为Rome的狗真的是Will”。故选C。 8．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：得知这一消息后，志愿者有点恐慌，迅速发回消息说Rome将参加这次活动！A.hesitation犹豫；B.guilt愧疚；C.anger愤怒；D.panic恐慌。根据上文“Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today”可知，Rome要参加收养活动了，可能会被人收养，所以志愿者有点恐慌。故选D。 9．D　考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：我们希望这个家庭能够团聚，我们只是想知道这么多年后这条狗是不是Will！A.popular流行的；B.thankful感激的；C.supported支持；D.reunited团聚。根据第三段“Will, a six­year­old went missing from her home”可知，Will从它的家里走失了，所以志愿者是希望这个家庭能够团聚。故选D。 10．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们希望这个家庭能够团聚，我们只是想知道这么多年后这条狗是不是Will！A.guess猜测；B.know知道；C.discuss讨论；D.doubt怀疑。根据下文“whether this was Will after all these years”可知，志愿者想要知道这么多年后这条狗是不是Will。故选B。 11．A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个感人的故事提醒我们，互联网在将社区团结在一起方面具有不可思议的影响，尤其是在需要帮助的时候。A.heartwarming感人的；B.mind­bending离奇古怪的；C.convincing令人信服的；D.entertaining娱乐的。根据上文“It turned out a big yes”可知，Rome真的就是走失很久的Will，这是一个感人的故事。故选A。 12．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个感人的故事提醒我们，互联网在将社区团结在一起方面具有不可思议的影响，尤其是在需要帮助的时候。A.danger危险；B.need需要；C.happiness快乐；D.uncertainty不确定。根据上文“Internet can have in bringing communities together, especially in times of”可知，互联网在将社区团结在一起方面具有不可思议的影响，尤其是在需要帮助的时候。故选B。 13．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：感谢大家分享Will的帖子。A.sharing分享；B.reading读；C.revising修改；D.saving救。根据第一空后“the shelter's Facebook post forwarded by friends in her community”可知，Hannah刚开始是看到了社区里的朋友们发的帖子，朋友们发帖也就是分享帖子。故选A。 14．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这简直是一个奇迹，我们相信Hannah和她的家人都很高兴他们的狗回来了！A.connection连接；B.treasure珠宝，财富；C.wonder奇迹；D.success成功。根据上一段“It turned out a big yes”可知，Rome真的就是走失很久的Will，这简直是一个奇迹。故选C。 15．A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这简直是一个奇迹，我们相信Hannah和她的家人都会为他们的狗回来了而感到激动！A.excited激动的；B.motivated有……动机的；C.amused被逗乐的；D.urged催促。根据下文“have their dog back”可知，走失多年的狗又回来了，这家人当然会感到激动。故选A。 Ⅲ．语法填空 (2025·衢州、丽水、湖州三市联考)Tens of thousands of Chinese 1.________ (society) media users have backed calls from the country's state media to have its artworks 2.________ (current) kept in the British Museum returned. The topic “The British Museum please return Chinese antiquities (古董)” was in response 3.________ a piece published by Chinese state media Global Times that called for all cultural relics in the British Museum 4.________ (return) free of charge. The British Museum has been under pressure after around 2，000 items were reported “missing, 5.________ (steal) or damaged” two weeks ago, 6.________(lead) to accusations that it was failing to fulfil its duty of care. The calls follow a piece published by the Global Times 7.________ argued, “The world­renowned British museum 8.________ (fail) to take good care of ‘cultural property belonging to other countries' up to these years.” The British Museum looks after 23，000 Chinese objects, from the Neolithic (新石器) age to the present day.It is one of the largest 9.______ (collection) of Chinese antiquities in the West.The collection includes 10.________ large range of precious items such as paintings, prints, jade and bronzes. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了《环球时报》发文称大英博物馆多年来未能妥善保管“属于其他国家的文化财产”，要求其归还目前保存的中国艺术品，大量社交媒体用户对此表示支持。 1．social　考查形容词。句意：数万名中国社交媒体用户支持中国官方媒体的呼吁，要求归还目前保存在大英博物馆的中国艺术品。分析句子可知，空处是修饰media的定语，应用society的形容词形式social，意为“社交的”，social media意为“社交媒体”。故填social。 2．currently　考查副词。句意：数万名中国社交媒体用户支持中国官方媒体的呼吁，要求归还目前保存在大英博物馆的中国艺术品。分析句子可知，空处是修饰kept的状语，应用current的副词形式currently，意为“当前，目前”。故填currently。 3．to　考查介词。句意：“大英博物馆请归还中国文物”这个话题是对中国官方媒体《环球时报》发表的一篇呼吁免费归还大英博物馆所有文物的文章的回应。根据“in response”和“a piece”可推知，此处用固定短语in response to，意为“对……的回应”，因此空处应用介词to。故填to。 4．to be returned　考查非谓语动词。句意：“大英博物馆请归还中国文物”这个话题是对中国官方媒体《环球时报》发表的一篇呼吁免费归还大英博物馆所有文物的文章的回应。根据“called for”可推知，此处用固定短语call for… to do sth.，意为“呼吁……做某事”，且all cultural relics和return“归还”逻辑上是被动的关系，因此空处应用return的不定式被动语态。故填to be returned。 5．stolen　考查非谓语动词。句意：两周前，约有2000件藏品被报道“丢失、被盗或损坏”，导致有人指责它未能履行其保护义务，大英博物馆面临压力。分析句子可知，空处和missing、damaged并列作补足语，为非谓语动词，steal“偷窃”和around 2，000 items逻辑上是被动的关系，因此应用steal的过去分词形式。故填stolen。 6．leading　考查非谓语动词。句意：两周前，约有2000件藏品被报道“丢失、被盗或损坏”，导致有人指责它未能履行其保护义务，大英博物馆面临压力。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着报道自然发生的结果，作结果状语，因此应用lead的现在分词形式。故填leading。 7．that/which　考查定语从句。句意：这些呼吁是在《环球时报》发表的一篇文章之后发出的，该文章称“世界知名的大英博物馆多年来未能妥善保管‘属于其他国家的文化财产’。”分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a piece，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 8．has failed　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这些呼吁是在《环球时报》发表的一篇文章之后发出的，该文章称“世界知名的大英博物馆多年来未能妥善保管‘属于其他国家的文化财产’。”分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语up to these years可知，时态应用现在完成时，强调动作对现在的影响，主语The world­renowned British museum为单数，助动词应用has。故填has failed。 9．collections　考查名词的数。句意：它是西方最大的中国文物收藏之一。根据“one of the largest”可推知，此处用固定结构“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”，意为“最……的之一”，因此空处应用collection的复数形式。故填collections。 10．a　考查固定短语。句意：收藏品包括绘画、版画、玉器和青铜器等大量珍贵物品。根据“large range of precious items”可知，此处用固定短语a large range of，意为“大规模的，大量的”，因此空处应用a。故填a。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$