课时作业(10)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

课时作业(十)　Unit 4　History and Traditions Ⅰ．阅读理解 A★ (2025·日照一模)More than 50 million people in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and elsewhere follow pastoralism(游牧) as a way of life.The practice has survived for so long because it is designed to change with the environment.Pastoralists move with animals to find new lands and water, leaving behind eaten plants to regrow. Mongolia is well known for its pastoralism.Agvaantogtokh and his family are herders(牧民).On horseback, he rides with nearly a thousand sheep and goats to help them find water.Sometimes, he and his wife, Nurmaa, stop to help struggling young ones, weak after a difficult winter. For families like Agvaantogtokh's, pastoralism is more than a profession.It is a cultural identity that connects generations.At its heart is the human connection to animals.While they consider the animals as their property, they also see them as living beings working alongside them. Researchers say herders believe in “animal agency”．Agvaantogtokh lets his animals choose the food they eat and where they find water.To him, restricting an animal's movement and asking it to eat the same thing each day is like putting a person in prison. In Mongolia, weather extremes are a part of life.When Agvaantogtokh thinks about climate change, he is concerned about humans and animals.Continuous dry and warm weather affects Mongolia.Since 1940, the government says, average temperatures have risen 2.2 degrees Celsius.To keep their practice alive, pastoralists seek ways to modernize.In Mongolia, Lkhaebum recently began using a small vehicle to more easily search for horses.The family uses electricity and has other technologies including a TV and a washing machine.They also use a cellphone to follow the weather and access social media where herders share information. One of the biggest threats to pastoralism comes from within.Nurmaa and Agvaantogtokh's 18­year­old daughter studies medicine.Their son spoke about becoming a herder when he was a child, but not anymore.“I won't regret anything if my child won't be a herder，” Nurmaa said.“I would like them to do what they desire to do.” 1．What contributes to the survival of pastoralism? A．Huge pastoralist populations. B．Adaptation to the environment. C．Herders' desire to travel to new places. D．Slow development of modernization. 2．What does pastoralism mean to Agvaantogtokh? A．The distinct identity of animals. B．A poorly­paid profession. C．An out­of­date lifestyle. D．The bond between man and animals. 3．What does “animal agency” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Animals' living in cages. B．Animals' eating the same thing. C．Animals' struggling in shelters. D．Animals' moving around freely. 4．What is a big challenge for pastoralism? A．Modern technology. B．No government support. C．Young people's disinterest in it. D．Lack of information exchange. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要从游牧民族的人口数量、生活方式、现代科技对他们生活的改变以及所面临的挑战方面，详细介绍了以蒙古为代表的游牧民族的生活。 1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The practice has survived for so long because it is designed to change with the environment.Pastoralists move with animals to find new lands and water, leaving behind eaten plants to regrow.”(这种做法之所以能流传这么久，是因为它的设计是随着环境的变化而变化的。牧民带着动物迁徙，寻找新的土地和水源，留下被吃掉的植物重新生长。)可知，游牧这种生活方式之所以能流传这么多年，是因为世代牧民采用了适应环境的生存方式。故选B项。 2．D　细节理解题。根据第三段“For families like Agvaantogtokh's, pastoralism is more than a profession.It is a cultural identity that connects generations.At its heart is the human connection to animals.While they consider the animals as their property, they also see them as living beings working alongside them.”(对于像Agvaantogtokh这样的牧民家庭来说，畜牧不仅仅是一种职业。它是一种世代相传的文化认同。它的核心是人类与动物的联系。虽然他们认为动物是他们的财产，但也把它们视为一起工作的生物。)可知，对于牧民Agvaantogtokh来说，游牧是连接人们和动物的纽带。故选D项。 3．D　逻辑推理题。根据第四段“Researchers say herders believe in ‘animal agency’．Agvaantogtokh lets his animals choose the food they eat and where they find water.To him, restricting an animal's movement and asking it to eat the same thing each day is like putting a person in prison.”(研究人员表示，牧民相信“动物代理机构”。Agvaantogtokh让他的动物选择它们吃的食物和它们在哪里找到水。对他来说，限制动物的活动并要求它每天吃同样的东西就像把一个人关进监狱一样。)可推断出，动物在所谓的“animal agency”里非常的自由。故选D项。 4．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“One of the biggest threats to pastoralism comes from within.Nurmaa and Agvaantogtokh's 18­year­old daughter studies medicine.Their son spoke about becoming a herder when he was a child, but not anymore.”(畜牧业面临的最大威胁之一来自家庭内在因素。Nurmaa 和 Agvaantogtokh 18岁的女儿在学医。他们的儿子小时候想成为一名牧民，但现在已经不想了。)可知，牧民的子女对畜牧业不再感兴趣，不想延续父辈的游牧生活。故选C项。 B★ (2025·湖南联考)On December 16, 2023, the first section of Maya Train officially opened, which runs between Campeche and Cancún, carrying up to 231 passengers across 290 miles and stopping at 14 train stations. Built as an ambitious effort to promote tourism and boost Mexico's economy, the rail system connects the major cities and tourist regions of the Yucatán Peninsula—from Cancún's beaches to Tulum's archaeological (考古的) wonders.Once the project is completed, the entire rail system will link tourist destinations across five states.However, environmentalists and archaeologists argue that the train route will cause great damage to the environment and ancient Mayan sites. The Maya Train passes through six UNESCO World Heritage sites, and thousands of archaeological sites.One particular area of concern is the Calakmul biosphere reserve, which is home to many endangered species, such as jaguars and over 500 other animal species.The train lines, more than 60 meters wide, could act as artificial barriers that may limit the movement of these animals within the reserve, making it difficult for them to move around and access food and water sources. Opponents also express safety concerns.Certain sections of the rail system will be built right on top of the aquifer's (地下水层的) most fragile points of contact with the surface.“It's like wanting to build over eggshells, says Guillermo Christy, a water treatment consultant.” Putting trains weighing thousands of tons on top could cause the underground caves to crash down.To construct the train infrastructure (基础设施) also requires driving long piles deep into the ground, which poses a big threat to this fragile ecosystem and leads to water shortages. In the ongoing debate of Maya Train, it is crucial to consider the delicate balance between economic development and environmental preservation.While Maya Train may provide economic benefits, we must not overlook the potential environmental and cultural losses, as well as the safety risks it may bring.Achieving harmony between progress and conservation may be a significant challenge for the project, but we must take into account the long­term consequences of our actions. 5．What do we know about the Maya Train project? A．It consumes lots of labor in Mexico. B．It was completed on December 16, 2023. C．It has concerned some professionals. D．It blocks the development of local tourism. 6．What is the effect of the train lines on the animals in the reserve? A．They disturb their sleeping patterns. B．They restrict their activities. C．They pollute their water sources. D．They engage their enemies to the area. 7．Why does the author mention “eggshells” in paragraph 4? A．To show the difficulty of constructing the rail lines. B．To prove the urgency of protecting the fragile ecosystem. C．To explain the reasons for water shortages along the railway. D．To stress the potential harm of Maya Train to the aquifer system. 8．Which statement would the author probably agree with? A．Preserving cultural sites requires strong financial support. B．It is time to speed up the construction process of Maya Train. C．Economic development should not come at the expense of the environment. D．We should prize the economic benefits of the project in the long run. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是玛雅列车项目给当地带来的好处以及专家们对于这一项目给当地环境及生态将会造成的影响的担忧，并指出我们不应该以牺牲生态为代价来发展经济。 5．C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“On December 16, 2023, the first section of Maya Train officially opened，(2023年12月16日，玛雅火车第一段正式开通)”可知，玛雅火车只有第一部分正式对公众开放，所以B项是错的，根据文章第二段“Once the project is completed, the entire rail system will link tourist destinations across five states.(一旦项目完成，整个铁路系统将连接五个州的旅游目的地)”可知，一旦项目完成将会促进旅游业的发展，所以D项不对；A项没有提及；根据文章第二段最后“However, environmentalists and archaeologists argue that the train route will cause great damage to the environment and ancient Mayan sites.(然而，环保主义者和考古学家认为，这条铁路线将对环境和古玛雅遗址造成巨大破坏)”可知，玛雅火车项目也引起了一些专业人士的关注，所以C项正确。故选C项。 6．B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The train lines, more than 60 meters wide, could act as artificial barriers that may limit the movement of these animals within the reserve, making it difficult for them to move around and access food and water sources.(这些超过60米宽的火车线可能会作为人工屏障，限制这些动物在保护区内的活动，使它们难以四处走动，难以获得食物和水源)”可知，这些火车线会限制动物在保护区内的活动。故选B项。 7．D　推理判断题。第四段第一句“Opponents also express safety concerns.(反对者也表达了对安全的担忧)”为主旨句，所以第四段主要讲的是专家们对于安全方面的担忧，后文的“Certain sections of the rail system will be built right on top of the aquifer's (地下水层的) most fragile points of contact with the surface.(铁路系统的某些部分将建在含水层与地表接触的最脆弱点的顶部)”以及“Putting trains weighing thousands of tons on top could cause the underground caves to crash down.To construct the train infrastructure (基础设施) also requires driving long piles deep into the ground, which poses a big threat to this fragile ecosystem and leads to water shortages.(把数千吨重的火车放在上面可能会导致地下洞穴坍塌。建设铁路基础设施还需要将长桩深入地下，这对脆弱的生态系统构成了巨大威胁，并导致水资源短缺)”作为两个supporting evidence来支撑主旨句。由此推知，作者提到eggshells(蛋壳)是为了强调玛雅列车项目对含水层系统的潜在危害。故选D项。 8．C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While Maya Train may provide economic benefits, we must not overlook the potential environmental and cultural losses, as well as the safety risks it may bring.Achieving harmony between progress and conservation may be a significant challenge for the project, but we must take into account the long­term consequences of our actions.(虽然玛雅火车可能提供经济效益，但我们不能忽视潜在的环境和文化损失，以及它可能带来的安全风险。实现进步和保护之间的和谐可能是该项目面临的重大挑战，但我们必须考虑到我们行动的长期后果)”可知，在作者看来虽然玛雅火车项目会带来一定的经济效益，但是我们决不能忽视潜在的环境和文化方面的损失，以及它有可能带来的安全方面的风险。由此推知，我们得认真考虑我们的行为所带来的长期后果，即经济的发展不应该以牺牲环境为代价。故选C项。 Ⅱ．完形填空 (2025·广州模拟)I stopped at the top of the hill, my right foot pressed back against the coaster brake (脚刹) on my bicycle.All I needed to do was to __1__ my foot, and I would be swept down the hill.But I __2__ .To my 12­year­old eyes, the hill was a mountain and the slope was __3__ steep, which prevented me taking up the challenge. When I returned to my hometown more than three decades later with my friends Dave and Scott, we __4__ to the base of the hill and walked our bikes __5__ .We stood once more at the top of that hill, looking down from the edge, but this time with a __6__ set of eyes.To our surprise, now the __7__ seemed more obvious, even larger than we'd imagined as kids.We knew that once we started down, there was no stopping or __8__．And right at the bottom of the hill, we would have to turn left to __9__ dumping into the stream. Dave went first.Then I was next.My heart was pounding.I __10__ on the bike for a moment.Then I released the brake and yielded myself to __11__ .I skidded to a stop next to Dave.Scott followed.The three of us spent several minutes laughing, draining off the adrenaline (肾上腺素) .We had__12__the childhood challenge of riding our bikes down the steep hill. We didn't know it then, but we'd face many similar __13__ over the years — leaving home, getting married, moving to a different town, starting a new job, and many others — that would cause us to pause at the __14__ and collect our courage __15__ we launched ourselves down the trails of our lives. 1．A.stamp　　　 　　　B．break C．lift D．keep 2．A.paused B．started C．charged D．fell 3．A.unnecessarily B．incredibly C．occasionally D．hardly 4．A.ran B．rode C．climbed D．wandered 5．A.out B．off C．away D．up 6．A.similar B．whole C．different D．smart 7．A.risk B．stream C．slope D．assumption 8．A.turning back B．looking down C．giving in D．breaking out 9．A.get B．avoid C．make D．search 10．A.called B．improved C．smiled D．balanced 11．A.pressure B．fate C．gravity D．difficulty 12．A.recalled B．completed C．forgotten D．received 13．A.activities B．troubles C．lessons D．periods 14．A.corner B．route C．edge D．line 15．A.when B．because C．after D．before 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和朋友骑自行车下山的故事，以及他们面对挑战的经历。作者通过这次经历，意识到人生中需要勇气和决心去面对各种挑战。 1．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所需要做的就是抬起我的脚，然后我就会被冲下山去。A.stamp重踩；B.break打破；C.lift抬起，提起；D.keep保持。根据上文“my right foot pressed back against the coaster brake”和句中“I would be swept down the hill”可知，作者右脚踩着刹车，所以现在只要抬起脚，车就会冲下山去。故选C项。 2．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我停了下来。A.paused暂停；B.started开始；C.charged充电；D.fell落下。根据句中“But”和下文“which prevented me taking up the challenge.”可知，作者感到害怕，所以没有松刹车，停在了山顶。故选A项。 3．B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：在12岁的我看来，这个山丘就是一座大山，而且坡度非常陡峭，这让我无法面对挑战。A.unnecessarily不必要地；B.incredibly非常地；C.occasionally有时；D.hardly几乎不。根据句中“a mountain”和“which prevented me taking up the challenge.”可知，作者觉得山很大，坡非常得陡，所以不敢向前。故选B项。 4．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：三十多年后，我和朋友戴夫和斯科特一起回到家乡，我们骑到山脚下，推着自行车爬上山。A.ran跑；B.rode骑(自行车、马等)；C.climbed爬；D.wandered漫步。根据句中“walked our bikes”可知，三十多年后，作者和朋友又骑车到了山下。故选B项。 5．D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：三十多年后，我和朋友戴夫和斯科特一起回到家乡，我们骑到山脚下，推着自行车爬上山。A.out外；B.off关闭；C.away远离；D.up向上。根据下文“We stood once more at the top of that hill”可知，作者一行推着车上了山。故选D项。 6．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们又一次站在山顶上，从山顶的边缘往下看，但这一次我们换了一双不同的眼睛。A.similar相似的；B.whole整个的；C.different不同的；D.smart聪明的。根据上文“When I returned to my hometown more than three decades later with my friends Dave and Scott”和句中“We stood once more at the top of that hill”可知，虽然是同样的地方，但现在已经是三十年后，现在的“眼睛”与之前不同。故选C项。 7．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我们惊讶的是，现在风险似乎更明显了，甚至比我们小时候想象的还要大。A.risk风险；B.stream小溪；C.slope斜坡；D.assumption假设。根据下文“even larger than we'd imagined as kids.We knew that once we started down, there was no stopping or__8__．And right at the bottom of the hill, we would have to turn left to__9__dumping into the stream.”可知，作者在描述下山之路的风险。故选A项。 8．A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们知道，一旦我们开始下行，就没有停止或回头的可能。A.turning back回头；B.looking down俯视；C.giving in让步；D.breaking out爆发。根据上文可知，坡非常陡峭，结合句中“no stopping”可知，一旦向下，自行车就不能停下，也不能回头。故选A项。 9．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在山脚下，我们必须向左拐以避免栽进小溪里。A.get得到；B.avoid避免；C.make制造；D.search搜索。根据句中“dumping into the stream”可知，“栽进小溪”是要避免发生事情。故选B项。 10．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了一会儿时间在自行车上调整平衡。A.called叫做；B.improved提高；C.smiled微笑；D.balanced使平衡。结合常识，自行车出发前要调整一下平衡，更不用说作者现在要向山下冲去，所以他们需要调整平衡，做好准备工作。故选D项。 11．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我松开刹车，让自己屈服于重力。A.pressure压力；B.fate命运；C.gravity重力；D.difficulty困难。作者一行是骑车下山，结合常识，下坡的时候，重力让自行车下行，所以作者说自己“屈服于”重力。故选C项。 12．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们完成了儿时的挑战——骑自行车从陡峭的山坡上下来。A.recalled回忆；B.completed完成；C.forgotten忘记；D received收到。根据上文可知，作者和朋友三十年前没敢骑车冲下山，所以现在是完成了儿时的挑战。故选B项。 13．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时候我们并不知道，但在之后的几年里，我们会面临许多类似的问题——离家、结婚、搬到另一个城镇、开始一份新工作等等——这让我们在开始自己的人生之路之前，在边缘停下来，鼓起勇气。A.activities活动；B.troubles问题；C.lessons课程，教训；D.periods期间，周期。根据句中“that would cause us to pause”和“collect our courage”这知，这些事情都是我们生活会面对的问题，会让我们踌躇不前，需要我们鼓足勇气。故选B项。 14．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时候我们并不知道，但在之后的几年里，我们会面临许多类似的问题——离家、结婚、搬到另一个城镇、开始一份新工作等等——这让我们在开始自己的人生之路之前，在边缘停下来，鼓起勇气。A.corner角落，拐角处；B.route路线；C.edge边缘；D.line线，排。照应第二段中“We stood once more at the top of that hill, looking down from the edge”作者用edge比喻出发前的踌躇和等待。故选C项。 15．D　考查连词词义辨析。句意：那时候我们并不知道，但在之后的几年里，我们会面临许多类似的问题——离家、结婚、搬到另一个城镇、开始一份新工作等等——这让我们在开始自己的人生之路之前，在边缘停下来，鼓起勇气。A.when当……的时候；B.because因为；C.after在……之后；D.before在……之前。根据句中“collect our courage”和“we launched ourselves down the trails of our lives.”可知，在出发前要先鼓起勇气，用before引导时间状语从句。故选D项。 Ⅲ．语法填空 The Wuhan silk flower is a famous specialty of Hubei.It has been produced and sold for many years and enjoys a high reputation. Over the past hundred years, Wuhan silk flower 1.________ (adopt) the traditional silk flower making techniques from the royal courts.It draws spirit from the folk silk flower making techniques throughout China, while perfecting 2.________ (it) on the basis of the traditional flower skills that have been known far and wide due to its fine workmanship. Silk flowers are the flowers 3.________ (typical) made with silk, satin and other high­grade fabrics.The flowers look vivid and are unique skills.Whether due to its long history or the strong 4.________ (decorate) effect, silk flowers were common accessories of the ancient women. Among Chinese traditional skills, making flowers 5.________ fabrics emerged more than 1，700 years ago.In the Tang Dynasty, it was recorded 6.________ women wore flowers made with silk. The silk flower 7.________ (artist) in Wuhan have handed down and carried forward silk flower workmanship from generation to generation, making silk flower 8.________ art craft specialty with local characteristics.The varieties of the flowers 9.________ (make) with silk include peony, rose, Chinese rose, and other flowers in total of more than 400 varieties.The finished flowers are classified into inserted flowers, hat flowers and more, 10.________ (enjoy) great popularity among consumers. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了武汉绢花，其制作历史悠久，凭借其精湛的手工技艺在国内外享有盛誉。 1．has adopted　考查时态。句意：一百多年来，武汉绢花一直沿用宫廷传统的绢花制作工艺。结合前面的“Over the past hundred years”可知，句子使用现在完成时，同时主语是单数，故填 has adopted。 2．itself　考查代词。句意：它汲取了中国各地民间绢花制作技艺的精华，又在源远流长、工艺精湛的传统花艺基础上不断完善。根据句意，此处表示使它自己完美，作perfect的宾语，应该填反身代词itself。 3．typically　考查副词。句意：绢花是用丝绸、缎子等高档面料制作的花。修饰动词made，使用副词作状语，故填typically。 4．decorative　考查形容词。句意：无论是由于其悠久的历史，还是强烈的装饰效果，绢花是古代妇女常用的饰物。修饰后面的名词effect，使用形容词作定语，故填decorative。 5．with　考查介词。句意：在中国的传统技艺中，布艺花艺早在1700多年前就已出现。根据句意，此处表示“使用……”，故填with。 6．that　考查连词。句意：在唐代，据记载，妇女佩戴用丝绸制成的花。此处是固定句型it is＋过去分词＋that引导主语从句结构，故填that。 7．artists　考查名词。句意：武汉的绢花艺人世代传承和发扬绢花技艺，使绢花成为具有地方特色的工艺美术特产。此处指武汉的绢花艺术家们，应该不止一位，所以应用复数形式，故填artists。 8．an　考查冠词。句意：武汉的绢花艺人世代传承和发扬绢花技艺，使绢花成为具有地方特色的工艺美术特产。结合后面的“art & craft specialty”可知是单数，同时 art 读音是元音开头，故填an。 9．made　考查过去分词。句意：绢花品种有牡丹、玫瑰、中国玫瑰等400多个品种。make与前面的flowers之间构成动宾关系，被动意义，作后置定语修饰前面的flowers，故填made。 10．enjoying　考查现在分词。句意：成品花分为插花、帽花等，深受消费者喜爱。根据句子的谓语是“are classified into”可知，此处使用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是finished flowers，二者之间呈主动形式，应使用现在分词形式，故填enjoying。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$