课时作业(6)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

课时作业(六)　Unit 5　Languages Around The World Ⅰ．阅读理解 A★ (2025·湖北七市州高三联考)Every morning on the island of Oahu, students at Pu' öhala Elementary gather on a field as towering mountains watch them from the mist.Their day starts with songs in ‘ölelo Hawai'i, the islands' native language, restating values of respect and justice that their teachers hope will guide them through their education, and throughout their lives. Like most kids their age, they're not concerned about the significance of the language they're learning.Still, they have a weighty responsibility: to receive the torch (火炬) and ensure the security of ‘ölelo Hawai'i for future generations. It was only 50 years ago that the language was on the edge of extinction.Though the situation is much improved, in many ways ‘ölelo Hawai'i is still on life support.Teachers say there's a huge enthusiasm for school kids to learn the language, but as they grow up, they're encouraged to focus on “more useful” subjects and use English, which are believed to assist them in achieving success in their work.In 2016, there were 18, 610 Hawaiian speakers on the islands. “One hundred thousand is the approximate number of speakers needed to consider the language safe, ” says Solomon, professor of Hawaiian language at University of Hawai'i at Manoa.“The idea is that there are enough people passing it on to the next generation, socializing their children to use the language in all domains of life, to express all thoughts and needs and desires.” Fortunately, the kids of Pu' öhala Elementary will take the responsibility to continue the work of the current young adults defending the language, expanding access to ‘ölelo Hawai'i in part through TikTok and Instagram, and making the language a practical skill in adulthood.These youth, along with those committed to recovering the language from previous generations, share their hopes for the better. 1．What are the students at Pu' öhala Elementary expected to do? A．To figure out the value of life. B．To go out of the island of Oahu. C．To pass their native language down. D．To draw people's attention to folk songs. 2．What makes the students abandon ‘ölelo Hawai'i? A．Career development. B．The improved situation. C．Lack of enthusiasm. D．Little educational support. 3．What is the current situation of ‘ölelo Hawai'i according to professor Solomon? A．It is used in all walks of life. B．It is considered a safe language. C．It demands more speakers to be safe. D．It has one hundred thousand speakers. 4．What is the author's attitude towards the future of ölelo Hawai'i? A．Worried.　　 　 　B．Hopeful. C．Unclear. D．Reserved. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了夏威夷岛上普奥哈拉小学学生学习母语夏威夷语的情景，承载着保护和传承夏威夷语言文化的责任。虽然夏威夷语曾经濒临灭绝，但现在学生们积极学习，努力传承着这门语言。文章表达了对未来传承和发展夏威夷语的期望和希望。 1．C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“they have a weighty responsibility: to receive the torch (火炬) and ensure the security of ōlelo Hawai'i for future generations.”(他们仍然肩负着重大责任：接受火炬并确保子孙后代的夏威夷语的安全。)可知，Pu'öhala 小学的学生应该把他们的母语传承下去。故选C项。 2．A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“they're encouraged to focus on ‘more useful’ subjects and use English, which are believed to assist them in achieving success in their work.”(他们被鼓励专注于“更有用”的科目并使用英语，这被认为有助于他们在工作中取得成功。)可知，很多学生为了工作发展，放弃夏威夷语言的学习。故选A项。 3．C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“In 2016, there were 18, 610 Hawaiian speakers on the islands.”(2016年，岛上有 18610名讲夏威夷语的人。)以及第四段“One hundred thousand is the approximate number of speakers needed to consider the language safe，”(认为该语言安全所需的使用者人数大约为十万人)可知，目前夏威夷语言的使用者远达不到安全数量100000，因此需要更多使用者才能确保该语言的安全。故选C项。 4．B　观点态度题。由文章最后一段“These youth, along with those committed to recovering the language from previous generations, share their hopes for the better.”(这些年轻人与那些致力于恢复前几代人的语言的人一起，分享着他们对更好的希望。)可推知作者对夏威夷语言的未来持积极乐观态度。A.Worried担心；B.Hopeful有希望的；C.Unclear不清楚的；D.Reserved保留的。B项符合此处语境。故选B项。 B★ (2025·江苏南通等六市一模)Ramirez Castañeda, a Colombian biologist, spends her time in the Amazon studying how snakes eat poisonous frogs without getting ill.Although her findings come in many shapes and sizes, she and her colleagues have struggled to get their biological discoveries out to the wider scientific community.With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published.That wasn't always possible because of budget or time—and it means that some of her findings were never published. “It's not that I'm a bad scientist，” she says.“It's just because of the language.” Castañeda is not alone.There is plenty of research in non­English­language papers that gets lost in translation, or is never translated.A research looked through more than 400, 000 peer­reviewed papers in 16 different languages and found 1，234 studies providing evidence on biodiversity conservation which, because they weren't in English, may have been overlooked.These included Japanese­language findings on the effectiveness of relocating the endangered Blakiston's fish owl, the largest owl species. Some experts argue that for the sake of the bigger picture, scientific knowledge should converge (转换) into one common language.Science is very globalised and becoming more so, so the use of a global language is enormous for that. Of course, scientists can work with an English partner, or use a translator—but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence.The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation.For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castafieda does with indigenous (土著的) communities in the Amazon. “So we're losing observations for science, too，” says Castañeda.“For me, it's not possible to just have everything translated into English.We need multilingual (多语种) science, and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages.It could be possible to switch to a world where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.” 5．What prevented Castañeda's discoveries from being more widely known? A．Poor management. B．Opposition from her colleagues. C．Her bad reputation. D．The language barrier. 6．What's the consequence of the dominant focus on English in scientific research? A．Inefficient wildlife conservation. B．A knowledge gap in the scientific world. C．A growing interest in non­English papers. D．Inadequate job opportunities for translators. 7．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning forest snakes and frogs? A．The urgency to protect rare species. B．The need to adopt one global language. C．The challenges in translating scientific texts. D．The biodiversity on the South American continent. 8．What is presented in the last paragraph of the text? A．A potential solution. B．A theoretical model. C．A popular belief. D．A global trend. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章以一位哥伦比亚生物学家遭遇的语言问题为例，揭示了目前有很多非英文论文无法被翻译。对此，一些专家主张科学知识应当转换为一个共同的语言——英语。但作者对此并不认同。作者认为这会导致国际影响力的不平等，并且有些专业术语很难被英语翻译。因此，作者希望建立一个多语种的科学世界。 5．D　细节理解题。根据第一段“Ramirez Castañeda, a Colombian biologist, spends her time in the Amazon studying how snakes eat poisonous frogs without getting ill.Although her findings come in many shapes and sizes, she and her colleagues have struggled to get their biological discoveries out to the wider scientific community.With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published.That wasn't always possible because of budget or time­and it means that some of her findings were never published.(Ramirez Castañeda是哥伦比亚的一位生物学家，她花时间在亚马逊研究蛇如何吃掉有毒的青蛙而不生病。尽管她的发现有多种形式和大小，但她和她的同事们一直在努力将他们的生物学发现推广到更广泛的科学界。由于她的母语是西班牙语，她的研究必须翻译成英语才能发表。由于预算或时间的原因，这并不总是可能的，这意味着她的一些发现从未发表过)”可知，语言障碍阻止了Castañeda的发现被更广泛地了解。故选D项。 6．B　细节理解题，根据第五段“Of course, scientists can work with an English partner, or use a translator­but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence.The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation.For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castafieda does with indigenous (土著的) communities in the Amazon.(当然，科学家可以与英国伙伴合作，或者使用翻译，但这最终会加强对全球北方的依赖循环，导致国际影响力的不平等。单词的特定含义也会给翻译带来问题。例如，在Castafieda对亚马逊土著社区所做的工作中，很难用英语找到一个词来描述森林中的蛇和青蛙)”可知，科学研究中以英语为主导的结果是产生知识鸿沟。故选B项。 7．C　推理判断题。根据第五段“For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castafieda does with indigenous (土著的) communities in the Amazon.(例如，在Castafieda对亚马逊土著社区所做的工作中，很难用英语找到一个词来描述森林中的蛇和青蛙)”可知，作者以该词为例，旨在说明翻译一些科学研究中的文本存在挑战。故选C项。 8．A　主旨大意题。根据最后一段“‘So we're losing observations for science, too, ’ says Castañeda.‘For me, it's not possible to just have everything translated into English.We need multilingual (多语种的) science, and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages.It could be possible to switch to a world where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.’(‘所以我们也在失去科学观测，’Castañeda说。‘对我来说，不可能把所有东西都翻译成英语。我们需要多语言的科学，我们需要人们能够自如地用自己的语言从事科学研究。有可能切换到一个世界，比如汉语、英语和西班牙语是三种科学语言，就像英语、法语和德语是19世纪的科学语言一样。’)”可知，本段主要介绍一个潜在的解决方案。故选A项。 Ⅱ．完形填空 (2025·淮北质检)Quite often my mother would __1__ me to set the family table with the “good china.” Because this __2__ with such frequency, I never __3__ these occasions.I assumed it was just my mother's desire. One evening as I was setting the table, Marge, a neighbor woman, __4__ unexpectedly.She __5__ on the door, and mother, busy at the stove, invited her to come in.Marge entered the kitchen and, __6__ at the beautifully set table, remarked, “Oh, I see you're expecting __7__．I'll come back another time.” “No, it's all right，” replied my mother.“We're not expecting company.” “Well then，” said Marge with a(n) __8__ look on her face, “why would you have the good china out？” “Because，” my mom answered, “I've prepared my family's favorite meal.If you __9__ your best table for special guests when you prepare a meal, why not for your own __10__？” “Well yes, but your beautiful china will get chips，” responded Marge. “Oh well，” said Mom __11__， “a few chips in the china is a small __12__ to pay for the way we always feel as we gather as a family at the dinner table.Besides, all these chips have a story to tell, now don't they？” Mom walked to the cupboard and __13__ a plate.Holding it up she said, “See this chip? This plate was broken the day we brought our newborn son home.Trying to be __14__， my six­year­old daughter dropped that plate as she carried it to the sink.I'll never forget that day.” We all laughed.At that moment, I knew for sure that the china held for mother a number of love __15__ about our family. 1．A.beg B．request C．push D．stop 2．A.occurred B．started C．covered D．exchanged 3．A.remembered B．admitted C．questioned D．observed 4．A.settled down B．came across C．dropped by D．passed on 5．A.knocked B．beat C．lay D．hit 6．A.aiming B．laughing C．glaring D．glancing 7．A.company B．delivery C．cooks D．strangers 8．A.annoyed B．puzzled C．exhausted D．depressed 9．A.buy B．set C．polish D．repair 10．A.guest B．neighbor C．family D．boss 11．A.coolly B．calmly C．cautiously D．casually 12．A.mistake B．trouble C．debt D．price 13．A.turned in B．tidied up C．took down D．threw away 14．A.helpful B．harmful C．grateful D．graceful 15．A.accidents B．stories C．explanations D．dishes 【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了家人一起吃饭时，母亲总会让作者在餐桌上摆上精美的瓷器。邻居不理解这种做法，母亲给出了解释：家人聚餐，是值得使用这些瓷器的，虽然使用过程中会有些磕磕碰碰，但这些磕碰都记忆着家里的“故事”。 1．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我母亲经常要求我用“好瓷器”摆好家庭餐桌。A.beg乞求；B.request要求；C.push推动；D.stop停止。根据“to set the family table with the ‘good china.’”可知，母亲要求作者用“好瓷器”摆好家庭餐桌。故选B。 2．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为这种情况经常发生，我从来没有质疑过这些场合。A.occurred发生；B.started开始；C.covered覆盖；D.exchanged交流。根据“Quite often my mother would __1__ me to set the family table with the ‘good china.’”可知，这种情况经常发生。故选A。 3．C　考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.remembered记得；B.admitted承认；C.questioned质疑；D.observed观察。根据“I assumed it was just my mother's desire.”可知，作者认为摆放精致的餐具只是母亲的愿望，因此并没有质疑是否用在正确的场合。故选C。 4．C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：一天晚上，当我摆桌子的时候，邻居的一个女人Marge突然来访。A.settled down安顿下来；B.came across偶遇；C.dropped by意外来访；D.passed on传递。根据“mother, busy at the stove, invited her to come in.”可知，邻居Marge突然来访。故选C。 5．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：她敲了敲门，妈妈正在火炉旁忙着，请她进来。A.knocked敲；B.beat打败；C.lay躺下；D.hit击打。根据“invited her to come in.”可知，Marge敲了敲门。故选A。 6．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：Marge走进厨房，看了一眼布置精美的餐桌，说：“哦，我看你在等客人。我下次再来。”A.aiming瞄准；B.Laughing笑；C.glaring怒目而视；D.glancing瞥一眼。根据“I'll come back another time.”可知，Marge看了一眼布置精美的餐桌，准备离开。故选D。 7．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.company客人，宾客；B.delivery送货；C.cooks厨师；D.strangers陌生人。根据上文“We're not expecting company.”可知，此处是信息词company的词汇复现，指宾客。故选A。 8．B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“那么，”Marge满脸疑惑地说，“你为什么要把那些好瓷器拿出来呢？”A.annoyed生气的，恼怒的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.exhausted筋疲力尽的；D.depressed抑郁的。根据“We're not expecting company.”和“why would you have the good china out？”可知，没有客人，却摆放如此好看的瓷器，这让Marge感到困惑。故选B。 9．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你在准备晚餐时为特别的客人摆上最好的桌子，为什么不为自己的家人摆上呢？A.buy买；B.set摆放；C.polish抛光，磨光；D.repair修理。根据上文“to set the family table”可知，此处是信息词set的词汇复现。故选B。 10．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.guest客人；B.neighbor邻居；C.family家人；D.boss老板。根据下文“as we gather as a family at the dinner table”可知，此处指为自己的家人摆上精美的瓷器。故选C。 11．D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：“哦，好吧，”母亲漫不经心地说，“与我们一家人聚在餐桌旁的感觉相比，瓷器里的几个缺口是微不足道的代价。A.coolly冷淡地；B.calmly冷静地；C.cautiously谨慎地；D.casually随意地。根据“a few chips in the china is a small__12__to pay for the way we always feel as we gather as a family at the dinner table.Besides, all these chips have a story to tell, now don't they？”可知，这是母亲和邻居的闲聊，因此母亲是漫不经心地解释。故选D。 12．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.mistake错误；B.trouble麻烦；C.debt债务；D.price价格，代价。根据“pay for”可知，母亲认为瓷器里的几个缺口跟家人相聚相比，是微不足道的代价。故选D。 13．C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：母亲走到橱柜前，取下一个盘子。A.turned in上交；B.tidied up整理；C.took down取下；D.threw away扔掉。根据“Mom walked to the cupboard”可知，母亲到橱柜前取下一个盘子。故选C。 14．A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了帮忙，我六岁的女儿把盘子拿到水池里时，把它掉在地上了。A.helpful有帮助的；B.harmful有害的；C.grateful感激的；D.graceful优雅的。根据“This plate was broken the day we brought our newborn son home.”可知，因为带着刚出生的儿子回家，女儿想要帮忙。故选A。 15．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，我确信，这些瓷器为母亲保存了许多关于我们家庭的爱的故事。A.accidents事故；B.stories故事；C.explanations解释；D.dishes菜肴。根据“Besides, all these chips have a story to tell, now don't they？”可知，此处是信息词story的词汇复现。故选B。 Ⅲ．语法填空 (2025·湖北联考)Walking along the Great Wall is a once­in­a­lifetime dream for many, but Jim Spear has taken it one step 1.__________ (far), spending the last 18 years living in a village beneath the ancient wonder. 2．__________ 68­year­old, a self­taught architect from the US, made the most important decision of his life to move to China in 1986, a year before the Great Wall 3.__________ (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Today, Spear calls Mutianyu village home.In this quiet place, 4.__________ (locate) at the foot of the Mutianyu section of the Great Wall, he lives with his dog in a home with a courtyard garden he tended 5.__________ (he). As an architect, not only did Spear renovate (翻新) his own dream house，6.__________ comes with multiple views of the Great Wall, but he also explored ways to boost the local business and support rural residents.Over the years, the architect 7.__________ (help) renovate around 20 households in Mutianyu, most of which now operate 8.__________ hotels or restaurants, while 9.__________ (do) his best to preserve the original structures as much as possible. In 10.__________ (recognize) of his contributions, Spear was given the Great Wall Friendship Award in 2014. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了建筑师Jim Spear帮助改造了慕田峪的大约20户人家，为了表彰他的贡献，2014年，斯皮尔被授予“长城友谊奖”。 1．further　考查比较级。句意：对许多人来说，沿着长城行走是一生一次的梦想，但吉姆·斯皮尔更进一步，在过去的18年里，他住在这个古老奇迹下面的一个村庄里。此处表示“更进一步”应用比较级further。故填further。 2．The　考查定冠词。句意：这位68岁的美国建筑师自学成才，1986年，也就是长城被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的前一年，他做出了人生中最重要的决定——移居中国。这里特指上文中的Jim Spear，因此使用定冠词。故填The。 3．was listed　考查时态语态。句意：这位68岁的美国建筑师自学成才，1986年，也就是长城被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的前一年，他做出了人生中最重要的决定——移居中国。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合in 1986可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为the Great Wall，谓语用单数，故填was listed。 4．located　考查非谓语动词。句意：在这个位于慕田峪长城脚下的安静的地方，他和他的狗住在一个他自己打理的院子里。分析句子结构可知，locate与place构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此使用过去分词作后置定语。故填located。 5．himself　考查反身代词。句意：在这个位于慕田峪长城脚下的安静的地方，他和他的狗住在一个他自己打理的院子里。此处意为Jim Spear本人亲自打理庭院，因此使用反身代词himself。故填himself。 6．which　考查定语从句。句意：作为一名建筑师，斯皮尔不仅翻新了自己的梦想之家，从那里可以看到长城的多个景观，而且他还探索了促进当地商业和支持农村居民的方法。此处为非限制性定语从句缺少主语，先行词为house，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。 7．has helped　考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，这位建筑师帮助改造了慕田峪的大约20户人家，其中大多数现在都是酒店或餐馆，同时尽可能地保留了原有的结构。根据over the years可知，此处应使用现在完成时，主语为the architect，助动词用has。故填has helped。 8．as　考查介词。句意：多年来，这位建筑师帮助改造了慕田峪的大约20户人家，其中大多数现在都是酒店或餐馆，同时尽可能地保留了原有的结构。短语operate as意为“充当、用作”。故填as。 9．doing　考查的非谓语动词。句意：多年来，这位建筑师帮助改造了慕田峪的大约20户人家，其中大多数现在都是酒店或餐馆，同时尽可能地保留了原有的结构。此处do和the architect构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。故填doing。 10．recognition考查的名词。句意：为了表彰他的贡献，2014年，斯皮尔被授予“长城友谊奖”。介词In之后用recognition作介词宾语，构成短语in recognition of。故填recognition。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$