课时作业(5)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

课时作业(五)　Unit 4　Natural Disasters Ⅰ．阅读理解 A★ (2025·九师联盟仿真模拟)The National Heritage Responders is a volunteer network of around 100 experts in cultural heritage conservation from around Puerto Rico.They assist individuals and institutions in figuring out how to save important objects and buildings after disasters.Their crisis hotline has been busier than ever in recent years because of more frequent and severe weather brought on by climate change.In 2023, there have been around 70 calls so far, up from fewer than 10 in 2008, when the hotline first appeared. Ann Frellsen, the Atlanta­based book and paper conservator, is a longtime heritage responder volunteer with more than three decades of experience in helping out cultural institutions after disasters.She was among those sent to Puerto Rico over several visits starting a couple of months after two hurricanes hit it in 2017. After providing initial support via the phone, Frellsen and her team came in to help La Casa del Libro and other local institutions in crisis with equipment, supplies and advice.In fact, much of the advice the hotline provides is via phone or video­chat; volunteers are sent out into the field in certain cases, on an as­needed basis. “There were no stoplights and signs on the highways because they'd all been blown away，” Frellsen said.She added that figuring out how to reach the more than 20 institutions that needed assistance in Puerto Rico was challenging—not to mention the on­the­job hazards． When Frellsen isn't heading into disaster zones to help save artifacts (文物) from fires, hurricanes and floods, she trains others in the heritage conservation field to do the same.Some of the participants may eventually take the test to become National Heritage Responders.But at this moment, they are deep in a hands­on training exercise, based on an imaginary situation cooked up by Frellsen and her co­trainers. 1．What can we say about Puerto Rico? A．It calls on people to keep in contact. B．Natural disasters are increasing there. C．It works hard to build highways. D．The weather is really nice there. 2．What can be learned about the National Heritage Responders? A．It teaches individuals how to protect themselves. B.New volunteers can join it with no tests required. C．Victims all over the world can contact it by hotline. D．It sends experts to the disaster areas when necessary. 3．What does the underlined word “hazards” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Dangers.　 　　　　B．Skills. C．Trainings. D．Rights. 4．What are Frellsen and her team busy doing at present? A．Taking various tests. B．Entering a new disaster area. C．Conducting a practical exercise. D．Restoring priceless artifacts. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一个援助波多黎各的灾后保护文物的志愿者组织NationlHeritage Responders及其中一名志愿者Ann Frellsen。 1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Their crisis hotline has been busier than ever in recent years because of more frequent and severe weather brought on by climate change.(近年来，由于气候变化带来的更频繁、更恶劣的天气，他们的危机热线比以往任何时候都要忙。)”可知，发生于波多黎各的自然灾害正在增加。故选B。 2．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“In fact, much of the advice the hotline provides is via phone or video­chat; volunteers are sent out into the field in certain cases, on an as­needed basis.(事实上，热线提供的大部分建议都是通过电话或视频聊天提供的；在某些情况下，志愿人员会根据需要被派往实地。)”可知，National Heritage Responders在必要时会派专家去灾区。故选D。 3．A　词句猜测题。根据画线词前“She added that figuring out how to reach the more than 20 institutions that needed assistance in Puerto Rico was challenging—not to mention the on­the­job (她补充说，如何到达波多黎各需要援助的20多家机构是一个挑战，更不用说工作上的)”可知，如何到达波多黎各需要援助的20多家机构是一个挑战，更不用说工作上的危险了。划线词的意思是“危险”。A.Dangers危险；B.Skills技能；C.Trainings培训；D.Rights权利。故选A。 4．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But at this moment, they are deep in a hands­on training exercise, based on an imaginary situation cooked up by Frellsen and her co­trainers.(但此时此刻，他们正在深入实践训练，这是基于弗雷尔森和她的联合培训师虚构的一个情境。)”可知，Frellsen 和她的团队正忙于模拟演习。故选C。 B (2025·湖南永州一模)The blanket of pollution resulting from carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels is already warming the planet and causing more extreme weather disasters.One way to keep climate change from getting worse is to take some of those historic emissions out of the atmosphere.More than 200 scientists have signed onto a letter pushing for “responsible” research into ways to trap planet­heating carbon dioxide in the world's oceans. Oceans already do that for us, absorbing and holding around 50 times more carbon than the atmosphere.What if humans could supercharge that ability? That's what scientists want to better understand, along with any side effects that might come with messing with the chemistry of our oceans.Startups are already developing new technologies to sequester(隔绝)more CO2 in the sea.But there's still a lot we don't know about what impact that might have or what strategies might be most successful, the letter says. These are all pretty early efforts, and hacking the high seas is no replacement for preventing greenhouse gas emissions from accumulating in the atmosphere by getting rid of fossil fuels.Some environmental advocates are also worried about new CO2­filtering technologies harming marine life. The letter today calls for controlled field trials to evaluate carbon removal strategies, along with a third­party review of the results.There also need to be safety measures in place to address any “unintended or harmful consequences” and inclusive policies to engage different stakeholders(利益相关者).Some big names in climate and environmental sciences have signed on. “I have seen these massive declines in ocean health...Doing nothing is unethical(不道德的) essentially，” says Débora, Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology department chair at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who signed the letter released today.When it comes to studying new ways to use oceans to tackle climate change, she says，“ We need to at least figure out the risks and the benefits, see whether we can help resolve the problem we have created.” 5．What is the letter aimed at? A．Preventing carbon dioxide emissions. B．Advocating a fossil­fuel­free lifestyle. C．Promoting the heating of carbon dioxide. D．Pushing for carbon removal technologies. 6．What can be inferred from the previous efforts? A．The most effective way to trap CO2 has been found. B．Hacking the high seas can replace getting rid of fossil fuels. C．The technology has caused severe side effects messing the oceans. D．New technologies for trapping CO2 in the sea are already available. 7．What does the letter demand according to paragraph 4? A．Make polices for target groups. B．Prepare safety measures in advance. C．Review the results from three aspects. D．Evaluate side effects with uncontrolled trials. 8．What is Débora's attitude toward the studies of new ways? A．Unclear. B．Approving. C．Dismissive. D．Doubtful. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了全球气候变暖和极端天气灾害的原因，提出了通过将二氧化碳封存到海洋中来减缓气候变化的想法。然而，这种做法还存在许多未知的风险和可能对海洋生物造成伤害的问题。因此，作者呼吁进行受控的实地试验，评估二氧化碳封存策略的效果，并采取安全措施来防止任何意外或有害的后果。同时，也需要制定包容性政策来吸引各利益相关者的参与。 5．D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“More than 200 scientists have signed onto a letter pushing for “responsible” research into ways to trap planet­heating carbon dioxide in the world's oceans.(200多名科学家签署了一份公开信，敦促进行“负责任”的研究，寻找在全球海洋中捕获导致地球升温的二氧化碳的方法。)”可知，200多名科学家签署一份公开信目的是敦促进行“负责任”的研究，寻找在全球海洋中捕获导致地球升温的二氧化碳的方法即推动去除二氧化碳技术。故选D。 6．D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Startups are already developing new technologies to sequester (隔绝) more CO2 in the sea.(初创公司已经研发新技术，以在海洋中吸收更多的二氧化碳。)”可知，针对于在全球海洋中捕获导致地球升温的二氧化碳的方法，一些初创公司已经研发了该技术，即前期努力的结果是在海洋中捕获二氧化碳的新技术已经出现。故选D。 7．B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“There also need to be safety measures in place to address any “unintended or harmful consequences” and inclusive policies to engage different stakeholders(利益相关者).(还需要安全措施到位，以解决任何“意外或有害的后果”，并制定包容性政策，让不同的利益相关者参与进来。)”可知，科学家们签署的公开信件要求在实施的过程中要安全措施到位，以解决任何“意外或有害的后果”即提前准备好安全措施。故选B。 8．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘I have seen these massive declines in ocean health...Doing nothing is unethical(不道德的) essentially，’ says Débora, Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology department chair at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who signed the letter released today.(‘我看到海洋健康状况大幅下降……从本质上讲，什么都不做是不道德的，’加州大学圣巴巴拉分校生态、进化和海洋生物系主任Débora说，他在今天发布的这封信上签名。)”可知，Débora同样也签署了这封信件，由此对该信件中提出的寻找在全球海洋中捕获导致地球升温的二氧化碳的方法是表示支持的。故选B。 C★ (2024·浙江高考)On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs.As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east­central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary­Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo, North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr.Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies.Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 9．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. C．Prevent the formation of hailstones. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 10．Who are opposed to the project? A．Managers of insurance companies. B．Farmers in east­central Alberta. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 11．Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To show the link between storms and moisture. D．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. 12．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B.Cloud­seeding companies will continue to exist. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。 9．C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选C。 10．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east­central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选B。 11．D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.‘In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，’ Dr.Doswell says.‘Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.’(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。‘1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，’多斯韦尔博士说。‘人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。’)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选D。 12．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr.Stienwand suggests，‘It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.’ In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies.Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，‘停止人工降雨是明智的。’在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选B。 Ⅱ．七选五 (2025·日照月考)No matter how friendly your tone is or how honey sweet you are in a conversation, when you use one of these two words (or both) in your sentences, the message to your conversation companion is “You are wrong”．__1__ They are “no” and “but”． These words don't say, “Let's discuss this” or “I'd love to hear what you think about this” to people.They say, “You are wrong and I am right.” If your conversation companion is also eager to win at any cost, you will have a potential battle on your hands.The result? __2__ Are you interested in a little test to see how competitive your co­workers are? Try this.For one week, keep a scorecard of how many times each person uses “no” or “but”．__3__ And, if you explore a little deeper, you'll see patterns emerge.For instance, some people use these words to gain power.You'll see how much people hate it, consciously or not, and how it stifles(抑制)rather than opens up discussions. __4__ Practically without even thinking, I keep count of their use of these two little words.It's such an important indicator! If the numbers pile up in an initial meeting with a client, I'll interrupt him or her and say, “We've been talking for almost an hour now, and do you realize that you have responded 2 times with either ‘no' or ‘but’？” This is the moment when a serious talk about changing behavior begins. If this is your interpersonal challenge, you can do this little test for yourself just as easily as you can to judge your co­workers.Stop trying to defend your position and start monitoring how many times you begin remarks with “no” or “but”．__5__ For example That's true, but...”．Another expression is “Yes, but...”． A．I use this technique with my clients. B．Why do people like to say these two words? C．What are these conversation stopping words? D．Nothing more can happen that will be productive. E．It's human nature to like being accepted and recognized. F．You will be shocked at how frequently these words are used. G．Pay close attention to when you use these words in sentences. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们聊天时用到频率很高的两个词“no”和“but”，这会把天聊死的。作者建议谈话时使用这两个词的时候一定要多加注意。 1．C　根据上文“No matter how friendly your tone is or how honey sweet you are in a conversation, when you use one of these two words (or both) in your sentences, the message to your conversation companion is ‘You are wrong’．(无论你的语气多么友好，或者你在谈话中多么甜蜜，当你在句子中使用这两个词中的一个(或两个)时，给你的谈话同伴的信息是‘你错了’)”及下文“They are ‘no’ and ‘but’(它们是‘不’和‘但是’)”可知，上文提出了两个谈话中否定别人的两个词，具体给出了这两个词是什么。由此可知，C.What are these conversation stopping words？(这些把天聊死的词是什么？)符合语境，下一句话正是此问句的回答。故选C项。 2．D　根据上文“If your conversation companion is also eager to win at any cost, you will have a potential battle on your hands.The result？(如果你的谈话对象也渴望不惜任何代价赢得胜利，你将面临一场潜在的战斗。结果呢？)”可知，本小题应该回答上一个问题，如果谈话双方发生了潜在的战斗，那么结果应该是谈话想要达成的事情肯定没有好的结果。由此可知，D.Nothing more can happen that will be productive.(没有什么事情是有成效的)符合语境，回答了前面的问句。故选D项。 3．F　根据上文“For one week, keep a scorecard of how many times each person uses ‘no’ or ‘but’．(用一周的时间，做一个记分卡，记录每个人说‘不’或‘但是’的次数)”可知，上文建议我们记录一下大家说这两个词的次数。由此可知，F.You will be shocked at how frequently these words are used.(你会对这些词的使用频率感到震惊)符合语境，how frequently呼应how many times。故选F项。 4．A　根据下文“Practically without even thinking, I keep count of their use of these two little words.It's such an important indicator! If the numbers pile up in an initial meeting with a client, I'll interrupt him or her and say, ‘We've been talking for almost an hour now, and do you realize that you have responded 2 times with either ‘no’ or ‘but’？’(几乎不假思索，我就数着他们对这两个词的使用。这是一个非常重要的指标！如果在与客户的初次会面中次数很多，我会打断他或她说：‘我们已经谈了将近一个小时了，你意识到你已经用‘不’或‘但是’回答了2次了吗？’)”可知，下文作者讲述自己和客户会谈的经历和做法，使用了第一人称I。由此可知，A.I use this technique with my clients.(我对我的客户使用这个技巧)符合语境，下一句中的“their”呼应clients，后文也再次用到“a client”。故选A项。 5．G　根据上文“If this is your interpersonal challenge, you can do this little test for yourself just as easily as you can to judge your co­workers.Stop trying to defend your position and start monitoring how many times you begin remarks with ‘no’ or ‘but’．(如果这是你的人际挑战，你可以为自己做这个小测试，就像你判断你的同事一样容易。不要试图为自己的立场辩护，开始注意自己用‘不’或‘但是’开头的次数)”可知，此处作者建议我们也要去注意我们自己使用这两个词的次数。由此可知，G.Pay close attention to when you use these words in sentences.(要特别注意你是在什么时候使用的这些词)符合语境。故选G项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$