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专题三 不可忽视的小词
第1讲 冠词
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an
a
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a
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考点精讲一 不定冠词a/an
eq \a\vs4\al([情景导入])
My friend Linda is an honest girl① studying in a university①.We are of an age②,and we both drink a cup of milk③ a day④.So we think a cow⑤ is very useful.
[规则感悟] 不定冠词的用法
①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词;在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。②表示“同一,相同”。③表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。④表示“每一”,相当于per/each/every。⑤表示“一类”事物。
1.不定冠词a/an用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”。
He misses the gold medal in the high jump,but he will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌,但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。
2.不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain。
A Mr White with some big bags is waiting to see you at the school gate.
一位拿着几个大袋子的怀特先生正在学校门口等着见你。
3.不定冠词与物质名词或抽象名词连用。
抽象名词和物质名词在表示“概念”时,其前常用零冠词;但在表示具体的人或事物时变成了可数名词,需要与不定冠词连用,表示“一个、一种、一场、一阵”等。具有此用法的名词有物质名词——rain,snow,fog,wind,drink,coffee,beer,fire,paper等;抽象名词——success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,wonder,comfort,danger,shock等。
After we prepared all the equipment for an outdoor photography,suddenly a heavy rain came.
我们为户外摄影准备好所有设备后,突然下起了大雨。
Tony is a famous pianist.I'm absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.
托尼是一位著名的钢琴家。我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。
4.有些不可数名词如knowledge,collection,understanding等后面加of时,前面需要用不定冠词。如:have a knowledge of...“了解……”;have a good understanding of...“对……有很好的了解”。
Only by reading the latest issue of this magazine can you have a knowledge of the astronauts' life in space.只有读了这本杂志的最新一期,你才能了解宇航员在太空的生活。
5.“a+most+形容词”表示“很……,非常……”,most在此不表示最高级含义,相当于very,而“the+most+多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式,表示“最……”。
For a great many men and women,romance can be a most important part of marriage.
对许多男人和女人来说,爱情是婚姻中非常重要的一部分。
It is one of the most original works of imagination in the English language.
它是英语中最具原创性的想象作品之一。
6.不定冠词常见的固定搭配。
have a gift for有……的天赋
get a lift/ride搭便车
pay a visit to参观
lend sb.a hand帮助某人
as a result因此
at a distance离一段距离
a waste of ……的浪费
be/go on a diet节食
make a living谋生
as a matter of fact事实上
in a sense/way在某种意义上
all of a sudden突然
[对点练习]
1.He developed a hybrid strain of rice that recorded an annual yield 20% higher than other species—meaning it could feed ______ extra 70 million people a year.
2.The group plans to unveil a more advanced bullet train, the CR450—with ________ top operating speed of 400 km/h and an experimental speed of up to 450 km/hby next year.
3.Situated 40 kilometers north of Chengdu, capital of Sichuan, the site covers 12 square kilometers and contains the ruins of ______ ancient city, sacrificial pits, and tombs.
4.The Spring Festival Gala is ________ unique and remarkable event that shows the best of Chinese culture and entertainment.
考点精讲二 定冠词the
eq \a\vs4\al([情景导入])
Mr Smith is a teacher from the United States①.He was the first② foreign teacher I had met.In the 1990s③,he and his wife were traveling along the Yangtze River④ when a ship was wrecked.The Smiths⑤ came up to help the injured⑥ and saved a boy by catching him by the arm⑦.The boy's parents said they were the kindest⑧ people in the world⑨.They would remember the couple⑩ forever.
[规则感悟] 定冠词的用法
①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。②用于序数词之前。③用在朝代、世纪前或用在逢十的年代前,后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。④用于江、河、湖、海、山、岛前。⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。⑥用在形容词或分词前,表示某一类人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)+sb.+介词+the+身体部位。⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。⑩特指上文已经提到过的人或事物。
1.被演奏的西洋乐器前用the,但是球类、棋类之前却没有冠词。
As far as I know,he likes playing the piano but doesn't like playing football.
据我所知,他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜欢踢足球。
2.用在表计量的名词前,如by the hour,by the day,by the dozen,by the meter等。但是如果是在抽象名词前,则不用冠词,如:by weight,by time,by length,by size等。
I got paid by time.To be exact,I got paid by the hour.
我按时间拿报酬,确切地说,我是按小时拿钱。
3.定冠词的常见固定搭配:
at the moment此刻;目前
in the end最后,最终
to tell the truth说实话
on the other hand另一方面
by the way顺便说一下
in the middle of在……中间
at the same time同时
on the contrary相反
on the whole总的来说
in the distance在远处
to the point中肯;切题
make the most/best of充分利用
[对点练习]
1.She stayed up until eleven thirty one evening on purpose just to see ________ moonlight.
2.By ________ early 1970s, after centuries of hunting by settlers, merely 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a small range in the Northern Rockies.
3.Making ________ best of this close encounter, I took a lot of pictures of the bear.
4.________ Greens are a happy couple;they have been married for 30 years.
5.Residents of Chapel Hill were able to help club members plant milkweed for ________ young to eat.
考点精讲三 零冠词
eq \a\vs4\al([情景导入])
When learning that teachers① are badly needed in remote districts①,Lily volunteered to teach in a remote place.Local people have made her headmaster② of the school since her arrival and she teaches Chinese③,maths③,and English③ herself from spring to winter④ and from Monday to Sunday④.On weekends,she teaches her students⑤ to play volleyball and chess⑥.When she finds many children attending school without having lunch⑦,she raises money① for the children's meals.
[规则感悟] 常用零冠词的几种情况
①表泛指的可数名词复数或不可数名词前。②表示独一无二的头衔和职位的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。③表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。④季节、月份、日期、星期、节假日前不用冠词。⑤名词前已有this,that,my,her,some,each等限定词时不再用冠词。⑥表示球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。⑦一日三餐前一般不加冠词。
1.用于固定结构中的零冠词。
“零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语,主句”,意为“虽然……但是……”。
Young man as he is,he has seen much of the world.尽管他很年轻,但他阅历很丰富。
2.no与such连用时放在such之前,而such后的名词前不用冠词。
As the saying goes,there is no such thing as a free lunch.If you want something,go and earn it.
俗话说,天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么,就得去挣。
3.零冠词的常见固定搭配。
on purpose故意地 by chance碰巧
catch fire着火 at dawn在黎明
face to face面对面 out of date过时的
make room for给……让位 in debt负债
in shape状况良好 on foot步行
in danger在危险中 side by side肩并肩
eq \a\vs4\al([解题技法])
[演练]
1.While you're in China,Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit!(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.Not the pandas,even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
$$