Unit 10 Section A Grammar Focus - 4c 课件 2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years. Section A (grammar focus-4c) 1. 概念:表示从过去某时开始持续到现在(包括现在在内)的动作或状态,可以和表示“从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的一段时间状语”连用,如“for+时间段”、“since+时间点”、“since+引导的从句(一般过去时)”、“since+一段时间+ago”。且for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。 Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时 口诀:过去的动作或状态,一直持续到现在,for、since 把时间带。 e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years. = My uncle has worked at this factory since ten years ago. I’ve lived here since 1990. 自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 I haven’t seen him for three years. 我三年没有看见他了。 此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)。 (非延续性动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时表示持续的动作或状态,即:动作的不发生是可以持续的。) 1. 这本书我买了5年了。 I have bought the book for five years. ( ) I’ve had the book for five years. ( ) √ 2. 句中动词的特点 2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了? How long has your brother joined the army? ( ) How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? ( ) √ I haven’t seen him for a long time. 我很久没见到他了。 He hasn’t come here for some time. 他有段时间没来了。 I haven’t heard from her since she left. 自她离开以后,我一直没收到她的来信。 1)延续性动词表示能够延续的动作(如:work, know, walk, keep, have, wait等),可以与表示时间段的状语连用,如:for+时间段,since+时间点,since+一段时间+ago,since引导的从句(一般过去时)等。 3.延续性动词与非延续性动词 2)非延续性动词也称为终止性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束 (如:open, close, die, finish, come, go, buy等),在肯定句中一般与表示时间点的状语连用,在否定句中可与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 (当非延续性动词需要与表示一段时间的状语连用时,通常要进行转化) go there — be there die — be dead open — be open have married —have been married leave — be away finish - be over fall ill — be ill get up—be up become — be fall asleep — be asleep join the army —be in the army 在现在完成时,for 与since引导的时间状语从句中, 谓语动词需用延续性动词。如为非延续性动词可把它转换为延续性动词。例如: buy — have borrow — keep catch a cold —have a cold put on —wear get to know —know begin/start — be on go out —be out get to/ arrive in /reach — be (in) come back —be back come here — be here buy have / has had borrow have / has kept arrive have / has been in / at leave have / has been away open have / has been open catch a cold have/has had a cold 在现在完成时,for 与since引导的时间状语从句中, 谓语动词需用延续性动词。如为非延续性动词可把它转换为延续性动词。例如: die have / has been dead marry have / has been married begin / start have / has been on finish have / has been over fall asleep have / has been asleep Kitty has left Beijing for two days. Kitty left Beijing two days ago. Kitty has been away from Beijing for two days. Kitty has bought her purse since last year. Kitty bought her purse a year ago. Kitty has had her purse for a year. √ √ √ √ 判断正误 *He has come to Beijing for two years. He has been in Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. He has had that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years. He has been in the army for one and a half years. 改错 *His grandma has died for nine months. His grandma has been dead for nine months. The old man died two years ago. 这个老人两年前死了。 The old man has been dead for two years. 这个老人死了两年了。 He bought a car five years ago. 他五年前买了一辆轿车。 He has had the car for five years. 这辆轿车他买了五年了。 选用for和since填空: 1.We haven’t seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the factory _10 years ago. 3.The film has been on_ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. It’s five years _ we met last time. since for since Exercise since for for Summary: 1)._+表示一段时间的短语 2)._+表示过去时间点的词语 3)._+表示过去时间的时间状语从句 for since since Revision 1 Exercises 1. The old man _ (die) 4 years ago. == The old man _ for 4 years. 2. He _ (join)the Party 2 years ago. == He _ the Party for 2 years. 3. I _ (buy) the book 5 days ago. == I _ the book for 5 days. died has been dead joined has been in bought have had 1. She _ this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowed B. has kept 2. My father_ home for nearly three weeks. A. has left B. has been away from 3. Mr. and Mrs. Green have_ in China for a week. A. been B. arrived B B A I. Choose the correct answer II. Fill in the blanks Revision 2 1. have /has been in+地点名词意为“待在某地(多长时间了)”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 (+地点副词时,去掉介词in) Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。 Revision 3 : have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法 2. have/has been to 意为“去过(某地)”,表示现在已经回来,不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用。 如:I’ve just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗? Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 have /has been to 后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。 如:I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 3. have /has gone to 意为“去了(某地)”,现在还没回来,可能在去的途中也可能在目的地。总之,说话时该人不在现场,主语往往是第三人称。 如: —Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里? —He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。 How long have you had that bike over there? I've had it for three years. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? He's owned it sinnce his fourth birthday. Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when Iwas little, but I have't played for a while now. Grammar Focus 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. 2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. 3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. 4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. 5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. (They are very hungry because) they haven't eaten (anything) for ten hours/since ten hours ago. Jim has been in Japan for three years. I have had a camera since 2009. I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago. Linda has been ill since Monday. for + _ = since +_+ _ 由以上句子可知: 一段时间 一段时间 ago 1. I _ (never be) to the water park before. Iwant to _ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold. 2. They_ (never own) any pets, but they _ (always want) to have a dog. 3. We_ (have) a piano since last Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. have never been go have never owned always want have had 4b November. We _ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year. 4. Cathy and Amy _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year. 5. This museum _ (be) here for over 20 years. It _ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town. bought haven’t been miss has been is Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart. 1. Do you have a (n)_? How long have you had it? 2. Do you own a (n)_? How long have you owned it? Things How long Tony favorite book for two years basketball since he was 10 years old student 1 student 2 4c Group work 1. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ have they been here? 2. The old man _ last year. He_for a year. (die) (动词填空) 3. This factory opened twenty years ago. (同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years. How long died has been dead has been open 按要求完成句子。 1.I borrowed the library book two days ago. I _ _the library book_ two days. 2.The meeting started ten minutes ago. A. The meeting_ _ _ _ten minutes ago. B. The meeting_ _ _ _ten minutes. have kept for has been on has been on since for 同义句 3.My brother joined the Party last year. A. My brother _ _ _the Party since last year. B. My brother_ _ _ Party member since last year. 4.He left Nanjing two years ago. He_ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years. has been in has been a has been away from 5. That dog died last month. That dog_ _ _since last month. 6. He has had the bike for two years. A. Two years_ _since he _the bike. B. It’s _ _since he_ the bike. C. He _the bike two years_. has been dead has passed bought two years bought bought ago 7、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour. 8、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句) Her mother _ the Party three years _ . has been away for joined ago 1、你来晚了,电影已放了10分钟了。 A: You are late. The film for 10 minutes. B: You are late. It ten minutes since the film . C: You are late. The film 10 minutes . has been on is began/started began/started ago 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习: Exercise 2、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。 A: My uncle _ _ _the army for 2 years. B: It _ 2 years _ my uncle joined the army. C: My uncle _ the army 2 years ago. 3、Linda 已经感冒4、5天了。 A: Linda _a cold _4 to 5 days. B: It _4 to 5 days since Linda _ a cold C: Linda _ a cold 4 or 5 days _ . has been in is since joined has had for is caught caught ago 4、他爷爷去世已经有5年了。 A: His grandpa _ _ _ for 5 years. B: It _ 5 years since his grandpa _. C: His grandpa _5 years _ . 5、你来晚了,火车已经开走了20分种了。 A: You’re late. The train _ _ _ for 20 minutes. B: It _ 20 minutes since the train _. C: The train _20 minutes _. has been dead is died died ago has been away is left left ago 改错: How long have you become a league member? For more than one year. Have you arrived here since last night. Yes,you’re right. The dog has died for a month. He has gone to Shanghai twice. How long have been at this school? Since two years. been been been dead been For 1. 她成为一名护士已经三年了。 2. 我五年前就认识李雷了。 3. 那些相片我已经寄给他了。(post) 4. 我来到这个学校后,他就一直教我。 5. 我刚丢了我的历史书。 She has been a nurse for three years. I have known Lilei since five years ago. I have already posted the photos to him. He has taught me since I came to the school. I have just lost my history book. 二 翻译 $$